Irteza Altaf

0005

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

LEADERSHIP

BUSINESS LEADER

Walt Disney: He was the one who spread happiness in the world of children. He
got 22 OSCAR awards because of animated movies. He is one of the top media
groups. HISTORY: Walt Disney was born on December 5, 1901, at 1249 Tripp Avenue,
in Chicago's Hermosa neighborhood. In January 1920, as Pesmen-Rubin's revenue declined
after Christmas, Disney and LWERK were laid off. They started their own business, the short-
lived Disney Commercial Artists.[24] Failing to attract many customers, Disney and LWERS
agreed that Disney should leave temporarily to earn money at the Kansas City Film Ad
Company, the following month who was not able to run their business alone, also joined.[25] The
company produced commercials using the cutout animation technique.[26] Disney became
interested in animation, although he preferred drawn cartoons such as Mutt and Jeff and Koko
the Clown. With the assistance of a borrowed book on animation and a camera, he began
experimenting at home.[27][c] He came to the conclusion that cell animation was more promising
than the cutout method.[d] Unable to persuade Cauger to try cel animation at the company,
Disney opened a new business with a co-worker from the Film Ad Co, Fred Harman.[29] Their
main client was the local Newman Theater, and the short cartoons they produced were sold as
"Newman's Laugh-O-Grams".[30] Disney studied Paul Terry's Aesop's Fables as a model, and
the first six "Laugh-O-Grams" were modernized. In May 1921, the success of the "Laugh-O-
Grams" led to the establishment of Laugh-O-Gram Studio, for which he hired more animators,
including Fred Harman's brother Hugh, Rudolf Ising and Iwerks.[32] The Laugh-O-Grams
cartoons did not provide enough income to keep the company solvent, so Disney started
production of Alice's Wonderland—based on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland—which
combined live action with animation; he cast Virginia Davis in the title role.[33] The result, a 12-
and-a-half-minute, one-reel film, was completed too late to save Laugh-O-Gram Studio, which
went into bankruptcy in 1923.[34]
Disney moved to Hollywood in July 1923
By 1934, Disney had become dissatisfied with producing formulaic cartoon shorts,[76] and believed
a feature-length cartoon would be more profitable.[77] The studio began the four-year production
of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, based on the fairy tale
POLITICAL LEADER:

NELSON MANDELLA: Rolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in Mvezo,
Transkei, on 18 July 1918.By mid-1952 when the university asked him to pay the 27 pounds he
owed or leave, he already had three children. He only started studying again in 1962 in prison.
He finally graduated with an LLB through Unisa 27 years later.Later in 1952 he became the
National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign against apartheid laws. He and 19 others
were later charged and sentenced to nine months, suspended for two years. In August he and
Oliver Tambo started South Africa’s first black law firm, Mandela & Tambo. also available and
began studying a BA at Fort Hare University. In those days one could practice as an attorney with
a two-year diploma. Later that year he was banned for the first time – he had to ask the
government for permission whenever he needed to leave Johannesburg. After the adoption of the
Freedom Charter in 1955, 156 people were arrested and charged with treason. The trial lasted
four-and-a-half years until 29 March 1961 by which time all were acquitted. The ANC and PAC
were banned after the 21 March 1961 killing by police of 69 unarmed protesters in
Sharpeville.Mandela called on the government not to turn South Africa into a republic on 31 May
1961 but to discuss a non-racial constitution. He was ignored so he called for a strike on 29, 30
and 31 March.In June 1961 he was asked to lead the ANC’s armed wing, Umkhonto weSizwe
and it launched on 16 December that year. On 11 January 1962, Mandela secretly left South
Africa to undergo military training and to get support from African countries for the armed
struggle.He was arrested on 5 August and charged with leaving the country illegally and
encouraging the strike. He was convicted and sentenced on 7 November 1962 to five years in
prison.On 11 July 1963, a secret hideout he once used was raided by police. On 9 October 1963
he joined 10 others on trial for sabotage in the Rivonia Trial.On 12 June 1964 he and seven others
were sentenced to life imprisonment. While he was in prison his mother and his eldest son died.
He was not allowed to attend their funerals.He spent 18 years on Robben Island, and while at
Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town in 1985 he had to go to hospital. When Justice Minister Kobie
Coetsee visited him, he had an idea: to see if the government wanted to talk about one day
meeting with the ANC.In 1988 he was taken to hospital for tuberculosis. Three months later he
was moved to Victor Verster Prison where he spent his last 14 months in prison. He was released
on Sunday 11 February 1990, nine days after the unbanning of the ANC and the PAC.On 10 May
1994, he was inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected President and stepped
down after one term. In his retirement he worked on building schools and clinics, highlighting HIV,
children and leadership. He died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013.
RELIGIOUS LEADER:”

HAZRAT MUHAMMAD (SAW): Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam.
Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. At age 40, he began to have revelations from Allah
that became the basis for the Quran and the foundation of Islam. By 630 he had unified most of
Arabia under a single religion. As of 2015, there are over 1.8 billion Muslims in the world who
profess
The Prophet Muhammad:Muhammad was also very religious, occasionally taking journeys of
devotion to sacred sites near Mecca. On one of his pilgrimages in 610, he was meditating in a
cave on Mount Jabal aI-Nour. The Angel Gabriel appeared and relayed the word of God: “Recite
in the name of your Lord who creates, creates man from a clot! Recite for your lord is most
generous….” These words became the opening verses of sūrah (chapter) 96 of the Qur'an. Most
Islamic historians believe Muhammad was initially disturbed by the revelations and that he didn’t
reveal them publicly for several years. However, Shi’a tradition states he welcomed the message
from the Angel Gabriel and was deeply inspired to share his experience with other potential
believers.Islamic tradition holds that the first persons to believe were his wife, Khadija and his
close friend Abu Bakr (regarded as the successor to Muhammad by Sunni Muslims). Soon,
Muhammad began to gather a small following, initially encountering no opposition. Most people
in Mecca either ignored him or mocked him as just another prophet. However, when his message
condemned idol worship and polytheism, many of Mecca’s tribal leaders began to see
Muhammad and his message as a threat. Besides going against long standing beliefs, the
condemnation of idol worship had economic consequences for merchants who catered to the
thousands of pilgrims who came to Mecca every year. This was especially true for members of
Muhammad’s own tribe, the Quraysh, who were the guardians of the Kaaba. Sensing a threat,
Mecca’s merchants and leaders offered Muhammad incentives to abandon his preaching, but he
refused.Increasingly, the resistance to Muhammed and his followers grew and they were
eventually forced to emigrate from Mecca to Medina, a city 260 miles to the north in 622. This
event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. There Muhammad was instrumental in
bringing an end to a civil war raging amongst several of the city’s tribes. Muhammad settled in
Medina, building his Muslim community and gradually gathering acceptance and more
followers.Between 624 and 628, the Muslims were involved in a series of battles for their survival.
In the final major confrontation, The Battle of the Trench and Siege of Medina, Muhammad and
his followers prevailed and a treaty was signed. The treaty was broken by the Meccan allies a
year later. By now, Muhammad had plenty of forces and the balance of power had shifted away
from the Meccan leaders to him. In 630, the Muslim army marched into Mecca, taking the city with
minimum casualties. Muhammad gave amnesty to many of the Meccan leaders who had opposed
him and pardoned many others. Most of the Meccan population converted to Islam. Muhammad
and his followers then proceeded to destroy all of the statues of pagan gods in and around the
Kaaba.