English For Tibetan

Key to Junior English
for
Tibetan Students
]R-$?=-.3:-:VA%-.LA/-;A$-=-:)$-0:A-wJ-
3A$
Contents
.!<-($
Preface }R/-:PR <6>
Contributors =?-8$?-3A-$, <7>
Names of People 3A-$:A-3A%-, <8>
Names of Places ?-(:A-3A%-, <10>
Tibetan Translation of Grammar Terms 2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-,-~.->/-.<, <11>
Students' Book 1A .J2-.%-0:A-!R.-(, <12>
Unit 1 Hello! What’s your name? #J-5/-.%-0R, 6-;J, HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-9J<, <13>
Unit 2 Nice to meet you! #J-5/-$*A?-0, HR.-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-, <15>

Unit 3 Can you spell it? #J-5/-$?3-0, HJ.-GA?-.J-5K$-2h<-LJ.-,2-23, <18>
Unit 4 Numbers in English #J-5/-28A-2, .LA/-;A$-$A-P%?-! <20>
Unit 5 What's this in English? #J-5/-s-2, :.A-=-.LA/-;A$-$A?-&A-9J<, <24>
Unit 6 How old is he? #J-5/-S$-0, #R-<%-=R-.-<J., <27>

Unit 7 Is this your pencil-box? #J-5/-2./-0, :.A-HR.-GA-/$-|3-AJ-<J., <30>
Unit 8 Mainly revision #J-5/2o.-0, $4S-$/.-=-2*<-.R%-, <34>

Unit 9 The new students #J-5/-.$-2, aR2-3-$?<-2, <36>
Unit 10 Where is it? #J-5/-2&-2, .J-$%-.-;R., <40>
Unit 11 Come and meet the family! #J-5/-2&-$&A$-0, HA3-3A-5S-.%-3)=-2<-:R%-2, <42>
Unit 12 What can you see? #J-5/-2&-$*A?-2, HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2, <45>
Unit 13 What colour is it? #J-5/-2&-$?3-0, .J:A-#-.R$-&A-8A$-<J., <47>
Unit 14 That's mine #J-5/-2&-28A-2, .J-%:A-<J., <49>

Unit 15 What's the time? #J-5/-2&R-s, .?-5S.-.-<J., <51>
Unit 16 Mainly revision #J-5/-2&-S$-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <52>
٠2٠
Students' Book 1B .J2-.%-0R:C-(.-(, <54>
Unit 17 Could you help me, please? #J-5/-2./-0, HJ.-GA?-%-=-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23, <55>
Unit 18 Look after your things! #J-5/-2&R-2o.-0, <%-$A-.%R?-0R-=-2.$-$*J<-LR?, <57>
Unit 19 Food and drink #J-5/-2&-.$-2, 29:-2+%-, <59>
Unit 20 Playing games #J-5/-*A->-0, lJ.-3R-lJ.-0, <60>
Unit 21 What are you doing? #J-4/-*J<-$*A?-0, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-GA/-;R., <63>
Unit 22 Let's go to school today! #J-5/-*J<-$?3-0, .J-<A%-aR2-9<-:PR <65>
Unit 23 Where are you from? #J-5/-*J<-28A-0, HR.-$%-$A-;A/, <67>
Unit 24 What do you like? #J-5/-*J<-s-0, HR.-&A-8A$-=-.$:-2-;A/, <68>
Unit 25 People and work #J-5/-*J<-S$ 3A-.%-L-2, <71>
Unit 26 What time do you get up? #J-5/-*J<-2./-0, HR.-<%-(-5S.-.-;A-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-0-;A/,
<73>
Unit 27 Shopping #J-5/-*J<-2o.-0, 5S%-o$-0, <75>
Students' Book 2A .J2-$*A?-0:A-!R.-(, <77>
Unit 1 Welcome back! #J-5/-.%-0R, KA<-=-=R$-0<-.$:-2?-8, <78>
Unit 2 How you get to school #J-5/-$*A?-0, HR.-<%-aR2-9<-)A-v<-;R%-2-;A/, <81>
Unit 3 Mid-Autumn Day #J-5/-$?3-0, 2o.-0:A-2&R-s, <83>
Unit 4 We're going to work on a farm #J-5/-28A-2, %-5S-8A%-G<-=?-!-LJ.-.-:PR-o-;A/, <85>
Unit 5 Working hard on the farm #J-5/-s-2, 8A%-G<-=?-!-@<-,$-$A?-=?-0, <86>
Unit 6 Shall we go to the park? #J-5/-S$-0, %-5S-,A-\A%-.-:PR-o-;A/-/3, <88>
Unit 7 Mainly revision #J-5/-2./-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <90>
Unit 8 Where do you sit? #J-5/-2o.-0, HR.-$%-.-2#.-;R., <92>
Unit 9 Find the right place #J-5/-.$-2, #R.-$/?-%R-3-24=-2, <94>
Unit 10 Home and Work #J-5/-2&-2, HA3-.%-L-2, <96>
Unit 11 Keep healthy #J-5/-2&-$&A$-0, =?-1%-2.J-,%-=-o/-:HR%?-LJ.-0, <98>
٠3٠
Unit 12 Which is your favourite? #J-5/-2&-$*A?-0, HR.-<%-(J?-.$:-2-/A-&A-;A/, <99>
Unit 13 Where were you born? #J-5/-2&-$?3-0, HR.-$%-/?-*J?-0-;A/, <100>
Unit 14 Mainly revision #J-5/-2&-28A-2, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <102>

Students' Book 2B .J2-$*A?-0:A-(.-(, <103>
Unit 15 Thanks for the message #J-5/-.%-0R, #-=/-LA/-0<-2!:-SA/-(J, <104>

Unit 16 The seasons of the year #J-5/-2&-S$ =R-<J:A-.?-5B$?, <105>
Unit 17 What's the weather like today? #J-5/-2&-2./-0, .J-<A%-$A-$/3-$>A?-)A-:S-<J.,
<108>
Unit 18 Come to the party! #J-5/-2&R-2o.-0, .$%-5S$?-=-1J2?-<R$?, <112>
Unit 19 A weather report #J-5/-2&-.$-0, $/3-$>A?-}R/-2h, <115>
Unit 20 What do English people eat? #J-5/-*A->-0, .LA/-)A-2?-&A-8A$-29:-2-<J., <118>
Unit 21 Mainly revision #J-5/-*J<-$&A$-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <120>
Unit 22 What a good, kind girl #J-5/-*J<-$*A?-0, &A-:S:A-2-3R-L3?-=-29%-2-8A$ <122>
Unit 23 You mustn't play on the road #J-5/-*J<-$?3-0, HR.-<%-=3-/%-.-lJ.-3A-<%-, <124>
Unit 24 What do you have to do? #J-5/-*J<-28A-0, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-.$R?, <126>
Unit 25 The visit to Monkey Island #J-5/-*J<-s, 3J:-\A%-U/-=-2v-{R<-.-KA/-0, <128>
Unit 26 A good doctor #J-5/-*J<-S$ (/-0-29%-0R-8A$ <130>
Unit 27 Ling Feng's diary #J-5/-*J<-2.-0, =J/-nA/-IA- *A/-,R, <132>
Unit 28 Mainly revision #J-5/-*J<-2o., $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <134>
Students' Book 3 .J2-$?3-0, <136>
Unit 1 Teacher's Day #J-5/-.%-0R, .$J-c/-IA-.?-(J/, <137>
Unit 2 The sports meeting #J-5/-$*A?-0, =?-l=-:P/-5S$?, <141>
Unit 3 A good teacher #J-5/-$?3-0, .$J-c/-29%-0R-8A$, <145>
Unit 4 What were they doing? #J-5/-28A-2, #R-5S?-&A-LJ.-28A/-;R., <148>
٠4٠
Unit 5 The accident #J-5/-s-2, ($-|R-8A$ <150>
Unit 6 In the library #J-5/-S$-0, .0J-36S.-#%-$A-/%-., <152>
Unit 7 Mainly revision #J-5/-2./-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <155>
Unit 8 On the farm #J-5/-2o.-0, 8A%-G:A-/%-., <156>
Unit 9 A visit to a factory #J-5/-.$-2, 29R-9-8A$-$A-/%-=-v-{R<-.-?R%-2, <158>
Unit 10 Mr. Green's problem #J-5/-2&-2, {-82?-$-<J/-=$?-GA-$/.-.R/, <160>
Unit 11 A great inventor #J-5/-2&-$&A$ $?<-$+R.-0-P$?-(J/-8A$ <163>

Unit 12 Have a good time, Jim #J-5/-2&-$*A?-0, )J3, HR.-<%-lJ.-:)R<-*A.-0R<-<R=-2<-(R/,
<166>
Unit 13 Happy New Year #J-5/-2&-$?3-0, =R-$?<-29%-, <169>
Unit 14 Mainly revision #J-5/-2&-28A-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <172>
Unit 15 At home with the twins #J-5/-2&R-s-2, 35K-3-.%-3*3-.-HA3-.-;R.-0, <174>
Unit 16 What's it made of? #J-5/-2&-S$-0, .J-&A-8A$-$A?-29R?, <178>
Unit 17 What was it used for? #J-5/-2&-2./-0, .J-&A-8A$-=-2!R=-2-<J., <181>
Unit 18 Planting trees #J-5/-2&R-2o.-0, #R%-2R-:6$?-0, <184>
Unit 19 Mainly revision #J-5/-2&-.$-2, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <187>
Unit 20 The world's population #J-5/-*A->-2, :63-\A%-$A-3A-P%?, <189>
Unit 21 Shopping #J-5/-*J<-$&A$-0, 5S%-o$-0<-:PR-2, <192>
Unit 22 At the doctor's #J-5/-*J<-$*A?-0, (/-0:A-$3-., <195>
Unit 23 The football match #J-5/-*J<-$?3-0, b%-lJ.-%R-=R:A-:P/-2#<, <198>

Unit 24 Mainly revision #J-5/-*J<-28A-2, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <201>
٠5٠
Preface
}R/-:PR
T his book is an aid to Tibetan students who are learning English using the Junior
English for China textbooks. It was prepared by six students in the English
Training Program in the Nationalities Department of Qinghai Normal
University.
The book is divided into sections that correspond to the current Junior English for
China textbooks. Each unit in Junior English for China is given here with subsections
on useful expressions, grammar, and text explanation.
Publication was made possible with generous support from the United Board for
Higher Christian Education in Asia.
:.A-/A-N%-$R:C-.3:-:VA%-.LA/-;A$-aR2-.J2-aR2-28A/-0:A-2R.-<A$?-aR2-3-5S<-1=-2:A-<R$?-*R<-<%-28A/-w/-0:A-
.0J-.J2-&A$-;A/, .0J-.J2-:.A-35S-}R/-3A-<A$?-aR2-9-(J/-3R:C-3A-<A$?-#J-#$-$A-.LA/-;A$-:6B/-9:A-aR2-3-S$-$A?-+<-
1A$-L?-0-;A/,
.J2- :.A- 3A$- }:A- N%- $R:A- .3:- :VA%- .LA/- ;A$- aR2- .J2- .%- 2!/- /?- #$- :$<- 2$R?- ;R.- =- #J- 5/- <J- <J- ;%-o/-
2!R=-5B$-.R<-.%-2h-3R.-.!:-$/., aR2-5/-.!:-:PJ=-2&?-.R/-(%-:$<-2$R?-;R.,
.J2-:.A-0<-0/-LJ.-0<-AJ->J-;-3,R-<A3-;A->:A-(R?-=$?-aR2-$?R-z/-5S$?-GA?-3,/-nJ/-$%-=J$?-.<,
٠6٠
Contributors
=?-8$?-3A-$,
English and Tibetan Editors .LA/-2R.-,A:A-lR3-1A$-0,
:I<-3J.-o-35S, Robert
]R-2g/, Matthew
:23-U$ Fred
.2%-K$-o=, James
:V$-3R-*A., Monica
<A$-PR=, Mick
English Editor .LA/-;A$-lR3-1A$-0,

Kevin Stuart #J-7/-?-+R<-;-,,
٠7٠
Names of People
3A-$:A-<?-3A%-,
Ann A/-/A, Gunchu .!R/-3(R$ Nymka /3-3#:,
Caihua 5K-.0:, Han Meimei @/-3:J-3:J, Oncu :R-35S,
Cairang 5K-<A%-, Hangdi .2%-:.?, Peet 1J-OA,
Cizhon 5K-1R/, Hangmu .2%-3R, Pencu 1/-5R$?,
Cumu 35S-3R, Huamo .0:-3R, Pete 1J-,,
Mr Danba {-82?-2!/-0, Mr Hu {-82?-@:, Polly 1R.-=J,
Danden g-3PA/, Huadan .0=-w/, Qiechung (R?-1R/,
Danzen 2!/-:6B/, Hui Fang KJ-n%-, Qiezhe (R?-*A.,
Dawa ^-2, Jantso o-35S, Rabji <2-o?,
Debi 2..-SJ, Jim )J3, Renchin <A/-(J/,
Dodben !R2?-w/, Kanzhu 3#:-:PR, Sally ?-=J?,
Doma 1R=-3, Kate #J-,, Sambhota ,R/-3A,
Dondrup .R/-:P2, Lakers Team =J-#A< -<-#$ Sonym 2?R.-/3?,
Dorji hR-eJ, Lhaben z-:23, Tarlu ,<-=R,
Dorri hR-<J., Lhamo z-3R, Tom OR3,
Drongker 1R/-.!<, Lhomotso z-3R-35S, Wang 7%-,
Drukar 1R=-.!<, Lily =J-=J, Wei Hua 7J-.0:,
Duden !R2?-w/, Lin Tao =A/-,R:R, Yangjian .L%?-&/,
Dulu hR-=R, Ling Feng =J/-nA/, Yangzom .L%?-:6S3,
Dunba !R/-0, Lodan ]R-w/, Yondan ;R/-+/,
Gangcu $%?-35S, Losang ]R-29%-, Yongtso $;%-35S,
Ganzi .!<-36K?, Lucy =R-?J, Yu Yang 2R-;%-,
Gensang !/-29%-, Meduk 3J-+R$ Zhacai 2N-5K,
Gesar $J-?<, Nima *A-3, Miss Zhao Y?-3R-NR:R,
Mr Green {-82?-$-<J/, Norbu /R<-2, Zhaxi 2N->A?,
Mrs. Green t3-3R-$-<J/, Nyingkar ~A%-.!<, Zhaxi Cairang 2N->A?-5K-<A%-,
٠8٠
Names of Places
?-(:A-3A%-,
Amdo A-3.R, Malho Prefecture k-zR-#=,
America A-3J-<A-#, Malho Normal School k-zR-3A-<A$?-.$J-,R/-
Australia AR-?A-O-<J-=A-;,
aR2-9
Ayers Rock A.-;J<-?:A-V$ Maqin Mountain k-(J/-$%?-<A,
Beijing 0J-&A/, Moscow 3:R-?A-#R,
Britain .LA/-)A, Nationalities Press 3A-<A$?-.0J-0/-#%-,
Burma :2<-3-o=-#2, Nepal 2=-;=,
Canada #-/-+, People's Park 3A-.3%?-,A-\A%-,
Central Asia ;-\A%-.2?-#=, Qinghai 35S-}R/,
Chamdo (2-3.R, Qinghai Hotel 35S-}R/-3PR/-#%-,
Chengdu OA/-+, Qinghai Lake 35S-}R/-0R,
Cuzhou 5S-S$ Qinghai Nationalities Institute 35S-}R/-3A-
Dujia Village .R-o-#J-2, <A$?-aR2-9-(J/-3R,
England .LA/-)A, Rebgong <J2-$R%-,
Gangcha County b%-5, Shanghai Z%-@J,
Hong Kong 8%-!%-, Sichuan ?A-OR/,
Hor @R<, Tibet 2R.-uR%?,
Huangzhong 4S%-#, USA A-3J-<A-#,
India o-$<, Xi'an 8A-A/,
Jiantsa Nationalities Middle School Xiaqong Monastery L-(%-.$R/-0,
$&/-5-3A-<A$?-aR2-:VA%-,
Xunhua 8R/-K,
Kumbum Monastery {-:23-L3?-0-\A%-,
Yak Hotel $;$-3PR/-#%-,
Lhabrang ]-V%-,
Yellow River k-(,
Lhasa City z-?-PR%-HJ<,
Ziling 9A-=A%-,
Mahdo County k-!R.-mR%-,
٠9٠
Tibetan Translation of Grammar Terms
2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-,-~.->/-.<,
Active voice and passive voice <%-.2%-&/- Past perfect tense L?-9A/-:.?-0,
.%-$8/-.2%-&/, Past simple ,A<-2+%-:.?-0,
Adjective (R?-2eR.-GA-5B$ Plural forms 3%-5B$-$A-i3-0,
Answer form SA?-=/-IA-i3-0, Possessive pronouns 2.$-.R/-IA-5B$
Articles .3A$?-?-:6B/-0:A-;A-$J Possessives 2.$-.R/-IA-52-5B$
Comparison of adverbs 2$/-5B$-$A-$>A2- Present .-v-2,

2#<, Present continuous tense LJ.-28A/-.-v-2,
Countable nouns 2P%-;R.-3A%-5B$ Present indefinite tense ,A<-2+%-.-v-2,
Full forms 3-5%-i3-0, Present perfect tense L?-9A/-.-v-2,
Future 3-:R%?-2, Present simple ,A<-2+%-.-v-2,
Future in the future :.?-0:A-.?-3-:R%?-0, Pronoun 52-5B$
Future simple 3-:R%?-0, Question form SA-2:A-i3-0,

Imperatives {=-5B$ Question form SA-2:A-i3-0,
Infinitive verbs $9$?-:I<-L-5B$ Short forms 2#?-0:A-i3-0,
Nominative and possessive cases LJ.-0-0R- Singular forms n%-5B$-$A-i3-0,
!R/-0:A-i3-.LJ-.%-2.$-.R/-IA-:VJ=-1, Statement form $?=-2>.-GA-i3-0,
Noun 3A%-5B$ Subject $4S-5A$
Object L-2:A-;=-IA-5A$ The present indefinite tense %J?-3J.-.-v-2,
Past :.?-0, Time Expression .?-!R/-5=,
Past continuous LJ.-28A/-:.?-0,

٠10٠
Students' Book 1A
.J2-.%-0R:C-!R.-(,
11
Unit 1 Hello! What’s your name?
#J-5/-.%-0R, 6-;J, HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-9J<,
Useful Expressions o/-2!R=-5A$-.R<,
1 Good morning, Teacher. Good morning, students. .$J-c/-=$?, }-SR-29%-, aR2-PR$?-5S, }-
SR-29%-,
2 What’s your name? My name is. . . HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-9J<, %-;A-3A%-=…9J<,
3 How are you? Fine, thank you. And you? I’m fine, too. HR.-2.J-3R-;A/-/3, ;A/, 2!:-SA/-(J,
:R-/-HR., %-;%-2.J-3R-;A/,
4 Where are you from? I'm from Lhabrang. HR.-$%-$A-;A/, %-]-V%-$A-;A/, ;%-/-(HJ.-GA-1-;=-$%-
;A/, %:A-1-;=-]-V%-;A/,)
5 When did you come? I came yesterday afternoon. HR.-/3-;R%-2-;A/, %-#-?%-KA-SR-;R%-2-;A/,
Text Explanation aR2-5/-.!:-:PJ=,

1 What is your name? My name is. . . HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-9J<, %:A-3A%-=-…9J<,
1a What is his name? His name is... #R:A-3A%-=-&A-9J<, #R:C-3A%-=-...9J<,
1b What is her name? Her name is… #R-3R:C-3A%-=-&A-9J<, #R-3R:C-3A%-=-…9J<,
1c What is my name? Your name is… %:A-3A%-=-&A-9J<, HJ.-GA-3A%-=-…9J<,
1d What is your father's name? My father's name is... / His name is.... HR.-GA-A-1:A-3A%-=-
&A-9J<, %:A-A-1:A-3A%-=-...9J<, / #R:C-3A%-=-...9J<,
1e What's your brother's name? My brother's name is ... HR.-GA-1-2R:C-3A%-=-&A-9J<, %:A-1-2R:C-
3A%-=-…9J<,

2 Nice to meet you! = How nice to meet (see) you. HR.-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-, = HR.-.%-:U.-
0?-&A-:S:A-3R-2-=,
3 Nice to meet you too! (:.A-/A-1-<R=-2?-HR.-="Nice to meet you!"8J?-SA?-0:A-=/-=-"%-;%-HR.-

.%-:U.-0<-.$:-0R-L%-"8J?-0:A-.R/-/R,)
3a A: Nice to meet you! HR.-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-,
B: Nice to meet you too! %-;%-HR.-.%-:U.-0<-.$:-0R-L%-,
12
4 This is Weihua. He is Weihua. :.A-7J-.0:-<J., #R-7J-.0:-<J.,
5 A: Good morning, Class! aR2-PR$?-5S, }-SR-29%-,

B: Good morning, Teacher! .$J-c/, }-SR-29%-,
A: Sit down, please. 3<-24S$-0<-8,
6 Doma: How are you, Zhaxi? 2N->A?-HR.-2.J-3R-;A/-/3,

Zhaxi: I’m fine. And you? %-2.J-3R-;A/, :R-/-HR.,
Doma: I’m fine, too. %-;%-2.J-3R-;A/,
13
Unit 2 Nice to meet you!
#J-5/-$*A?-0, HR.-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-,
Useful Expressions o/-2!R=-5B$-.R<,
1 Nice to meet you! HR.-.%-3)=-0?-.$:-0R-L%-, HR.-.%-%R-:U.-0-%R-3-29%-,
2 I’m a herdsman. %-:VR$-0-8A$-;A/,
3 Are you a farmer? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. HR.-8A%-2-8A$-;A/-/3, ;A/, %-;A/, / 3A/, %-3A/,
4 What is your nationality? My nationality is Tibetan. / I'm Tibetan. HR.-3A-<A$?-&A-8A$-;A/,
%-2R.-<A$?-;A/,
5 Are you Tibetan? Yes, I'm Tibetan. HR.-2R.-<A$?-;A/-/3, ;A/, %-2R.-<A$?-;A/,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
L-5B$-"Be"=-"is" "am" "are"2&?-i3-0-$?3-;R.-.J-.R/-=-"<J.".3-";A/".%-35%?, :R/-G%-3A-
$:A-H.-0<-IA-.2%-$A?-2!R=-5=-3A-:S-2-$>3-v<,
1 Is 3A-$-$?3-0:A-(he, she, it){2?-?-"is"2!R=-.$R?,

1a Is he a student? Yes, he is. / Yes, he's a student. #R-aR2-3-8A$-AJ-<J., <J., #R-<J., #R-aR2-3-
8A$-<J.,
1b Is she Tibetan? No, she is American. 3R-2R.-3A-<J.-.3, 3-<J., 3R-A-<A-2-<J.,
1c Is it a sheep? Yes, it is. / Yes, it's a sheep. .J-=$-<J.-.3, <J., .J-<J., .J-=$-<J.,
1d Is your name…? Yes, my name is. . . (My name ;%"it";A-#R%?-?-$+R$?-0?"is"2!R=-
.$R?) HR.-GA-3A%-=-…AJ-9J<, 9J<, %:A-3A%-=-…9J<,
2 Am 3A-$-.%-0R-"I";A-{2?-?-"am"2!R=-.$R?,
2a Am I beautiful? Yes, you're beautiful. / No, you are ugly. %-36K?-?3, 36K?, HR.-<%-
36K?-0R-:.$ / 3A/, HR.-<%-24S$-0R-:.$
2b Am I right? Yes, you are right. / No, you are wrong. %-:PA$-:.$-$3, :PA$-:.$ HR.-
<%-:PA$-:.$ / HR.-<%-:($-:.$
2c Am I Kate? No, you are Pete. %-#J-,-<J.-.3, 3-<J., HR.-1J-,-<J.,
2d Am I a good student? Yes, you are. %-/A-aR2-3-29%-0R-8A$-<J.-.3, <J., HR.-<J.,
14
3 Are 3A-$-$*A?-0-"you";A-{2?-?“"are"2!R=-.$R?,
3a Are you Losang? Yes, I am. / No, I’m Dawa. HR.- ]R- 29%- AJ- ;A/, ;A/, %- ;A/, / 3A/, %- ^- 2-
;A/,
3b Are you a teacher? No, I'm a student. HR.-<%-.$J-c/-;A/-/3, 3A/, %-aR2-3-;A/,
3c Are you OK? Yes, I'm OK. HR.-=-*R/-3J.-.3, 3J., *R/-3J.,
1 Nice to meet you! HR.-.%-3)=-0?-.$:-0R-L%-, HR.-.%-%R-:U. -0-@-&%-29%-,
1a Nice meeting you! HR.-.%-%R-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-, (:.A-,A<-2+%-$A?-.%-,R$-%R-:U.-0-.%-1/-5/-
;%-2*<-V=-=-*J-2:A-{2?-?-2!R=-2-;A/,) "Glad to meet you!".%-"Pleased to meet
you!"$*A?-G%-.J-.%-35%?-2-;A/,
1b Kanzhu: Hello! What is your name? 6-;J, HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-9J<,
Cizhon: My name is Cizhon. And what's your name? %:A-3A%-=-5K-1R/-9J<, HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-
9J<,
Kanzhu: My name is Kanzhu. Nice to meet you, Cizhon. %:A-3A%-=-3#:-:PR-9J<,
HR.-.%-%R-:U.-0-29%-,
Cizhon: Nice meeting you, Kanzhu. %-HR.-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-,
2 Can you say the English letters? HJ.-GA?-.LA/-;A$-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-.$-[R$-,2-23,

2a Can you… HJ.-GA?…,2-23,
2b Can you speak English? Yes, I can speak a little bit of English. HR.-GA?-.LA/-{.-2>.-
>J?-?3, >J?, %?-.LA/-{.-&%-43-2>.->J?,
2c Can you read this English text? Yes, I can. HR.-GA?-.LA/-;A$-$A-aR2-5/-:.A-[R$-,2-23, ,2,
%?-[R$-,2,
2d Are these Tibetan letters? No, they are English letters. :.A-.$-2R.-;A$-$A-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-
<J.-.3, 3-<J., .J-.$-.LA/-;A$-$A-$?=-LJ.-<J.,
15
3 Don’t forget "O" and "R." || "O".%-"R"$*A?-2eJ.-.-3-:)$
3a Don’t forget. 3-2eJ., 2eJ.-.-3-:)$
3b Don't forget your mother language. <%-$A-1-{.-3-2eJ.,
3c Don't forget you're a student. <%-*A.-aR2-3-;A/-0-3-2eJ.,
4 Turn to page two. >R$-%R?-$*A?-0<-mR$?->A$

4a Turn to --- 1 :#R<, 2 mR$?,
4b Please turn to me and speak loudly. %:A-KR$?-?-:#R<-+J-{.-3,R/-0R?->R.,
4c Please turn to page thirty tree. >R$-%R?-?R-$?3-0<-mR$?->A$
16
Unit 3 Can you spell it?
#J-5/-$?3-0, HJ.-GA?-.J-5K$-2h<-LJ.-,2-23,
1 Good afternoon! KA-SR-29%-,
2 Sorry. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, .$R%?-.$-8-<R$?,
3 Oh, good! :R, 29%-$A
4 How do you do! HR.-2.J-3R,
5 Can you spell it, please? HJ.-GA?-.J-5K$-2h<-LJ.-,2-23, Yes, S-U-N sun. ,2, S-U-N sun.
6 What is this in English? :.A<-.LA/-;A$-$A?-&A-9J<-<3, It is a . . . .J<…9J<,
7 B-double O-K. || B-O $*A?-K
8 Goodbye! 2.J-3R-LR?,

1 Good afternoon! KA-SR-29%-,
1a Good morning! }-SR-29%-,
1b Good evening! .$R%-SR-29%-,
1c Good night! 35/-3R-2.J-2<-(R/,
2 Sorry. = I'm sorry. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, = .$R%?-.$-8-<R$?,
3 It doesn't matter. .J<-*R/-3A-:.$ *R/-3A-:.$
4 A: Are you Dorji? HR.-hR-eJ-AJ-;A/,
B: No, I'm not. 3A/, %-3A/,
A: Sorry. .$R%?-0-3-5S3,
B: It doesn't matter. .J<-*R/-3A-:.$
A: What is your name? HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-9J<,
B: My name is Dulu. And what's your name? %:A-3A%-=-hR-=R-9J<, HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-9J<,
A: My name is Cizhon. Nice to meet you, Dulu. %:A-3A%-=-5K-1R/-9J<, HR.-.%-:U.-0-%R-3-29%-,
hR-=R,
B: Nice to meet you too, Cizhon. %-;%-HR.-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-, 5K-1R/,
5 Excuse me! Are you Mr. Green? A-<R$?, HR.-{-82?-$-<J/-;A/-/3,
17
5a Excuse me! 29R.-0-|R3-<R$?, .$R%?-:$=-3J.-0<-8-<R$?, ,$?-o=-3-28J%?, ($8/-;%-:R-2o=-
L-<R$?-8J?-1-<R=-2-8A$-=-2<-(.-2+%-/?-L-2-8A$-:SA-2:A-.?-;%-5B$-:.A-2!R=-2-;A/-+J, .J-;A?-1-<R=-2-
.J:A-2?3-]R-L-2-(J-$J-3R-8A$-$A-!J%-/?-5<-2!$?-eJ?-<%-$A-.R/-.$-\J%-2-;A/-0?-@-&%-2lA-2!<-(J-2-;%-
35S/-/R,)
5b Excuse me, where is my pen? :R-2o=-L-<R$?, %:A-t$?-/$-$%-.-;R.,
5c Excuse me, I must go now. :R-2o=-L-<R$?, .-%-%J?-0<-.-:PR-.$R?,

6 How do you do! HR.-2.J-3R, ("How do you do!" 8J?-2:A-=/-/A-"How do you do!";A/-/R,)
6a Doma: Dulu, this is my friend, Zhaxi. Zhaxi, this is my younger brother, Dulu. hR-
=R, :.A-%:A-aR2-PR$?-2N->A?-;A/, 2N->A?, :.A-%:A-/-2R-hR-=R-;A/,
Dulu: How do you do, Zhaxi? HR.-2.J-3R, 2N->A?,
Zhaxi: How do you do, Dulu? HR.-2.J-3R, hR-=R,

7 Can you spell it, please? HJ.-GA?-.J-(3A%-5B$).R<-[R$-LJ.-,2-23,
7a Can you spell "sheep"? HJ.-GA?-"sheep".R<-[R$-LJ.-,2-23,

8 in + language
8a What do you call this + in + language?
8b How do you say this + in + language?
8c A: What's this in English? :.A<-.LA/-;A$-$A?-&A-9J<,
B: It's a desk. .J<-"desk"9J<,
A: What do you call this in English? HJ.-GA?-:.A<-.LA/-;A$-)A-v<-:2R.,
B: I call it "desk" in English. %?-.J<-.LA/-;A$-$A?-.J<-"desk"8J?-:2R.,
9 B-double O-K. || B-O$*A?-K

9a S-H-double-E-P. || S-H-E$*A?-P
9b F-double-O-T. || F-O$*A?-T.
18
Unit 4 Numbers in English
#J-5/-28A-2, .LA/-;A$-$A-P%?-!
1 Are you in row 3? HR.-P=-><-$?3-0-AJ-;A/, Yes, I am. / No, I'm not in row 5. ;A/, %-;A/,
3A/, %-P=-><-s-2-3A/,
2 Which grade are you in? HR.-=R-<A3-.-2-;A/, I'm in grade 4. %-=R-<A3-28A-2-;A/,
3 What class are you in? HR.-:6B/-9-.-2-;A/-/3, I'm in class 3. %-:6B/-9-$?3-0-;A/,
4 How old are you? I'm eleven. HR.-=R-.-;A/, %-=R-2&-$&A$-;A/,
5 Are you ten? HR.-=R-2&-,3-0-;A/-/3,
6 What's one and two? $&A$-,R$-+-$*A?-2$/-/-$-5S.-<J., One and two is three. $&A$-,R$-+-
$*A?-2$/-/-$?3-<J.,
7 Are you studying mathematics? No, I'm not studying mathematics. I'm studying
English. HR.-GA?-lA?-<A$-aR2-28A/-;R.-.3, 3J., %?-lA?-<A$-aR2-28A/-3J., %?-.LA/-;A$-aR2-28A/-;R.,
8 Where are you studying? I'm studying at Qinghai Nationalities Institute. HR.-GA?-$%-/-
aR2-.R%-LJ.-28A/-;R., %?-35S-}R/-3A-<A$?-aR2-9-(J/-3R:C-/%-/-aR2-.R%-LJ.-28A/-;R.,

1 Number P%?-!
1a Row 3, number 2. P=-><-$?3-0:A-A%-g$?-$*A?-0,
1b Bus No. (= number) 10. ,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-2&-0,
1c Room 101 |R-g$?-A%-2o-.%-$&A$
1d Lesson 8 aR2-5/-2o.-0,
1e Page 139 >R$-%R?-2o-.%-?3-&-?R-.$-2,
1f Student book 1 aR2-3:A-.0J-.J2-.%-0R,
1g Workbook 2 .%-$8B:A-.J2-$*A?-0,
1h Unit 4 #J-5/-28B-2,
1i Number 2 Middle School. aR2-:VA%-$*A?-0,

19
2 A: Hello! B, how are you this morning? A-<R$?-B, .J-<A%-}-SR-{-#3?-2.J:3,
B: I'm fine. How about you? %-2.J-3R-;A/, HR.-2.J-3R-;A/-/3,
A: Couldn't be better. Why are you so early this morning? %-:.A-=?-2.J-3A-YA., .-/%?-
HR.-:.A-:S:A-}-2-&A-;A/,
B: Because my family found an apartment at our school. So it became more
convenient for me to go to class so I won't be late any more. %J.-5%-$A?-aR2-9-/%-/?-
#%-2-8A$-24=-9A/-0?-.J-%-=-35S/-/-aR2-OA.-=-:PR-o<-@-&%-!2?-2.J-2?-.-/?-29%-%-eJ?-?-=?-3A-
.$R?,
A: That's good. Excuse me, may I have your family's apartment number? .J-29%-$A A-
<R$?, HJ.-5%-$A-#%-2:A-A%-g$?-%-=-2>.-(R$-$3,
B: Sure. My family's apartment number is 302. =R?-(R$ %:A-5%-$A-#%-2:A-A%-g$?-302;A/,
A: I'm sorry. Which building and which floor? .$R%?-0-3-5S3, #%-2lJ$?-$%-.%-2lJ$?-<A3-
.-2-;A/-/3,
B: Fourth building, second floor. #%-2lJ$?-28A-2:A-*A?-,R$-;A/,
A: Thank you very much. 2!:-SA/-(J,
B: You're welcome. 2!:-SA/-8-3A-.$R?,
3 How old are you? I'm ten. HR.-=R-.-;A/, %-=R-2&-,3-0-;A/,

A: How old is he? #R-=R-.-<J.,
B: He is nine. #R-=R-.$-<J.,
A: How old is she? #R-3R-=R-.-<J.,
B: She is ten years old. #R-3R-=R-2&-,3-0-<J.,
A: How old am I? %-=R-.-<J.,
B: I don't know. %?-3A->J?,
A: Can you guess? HJ.-GA?-5S.-.0$-LJ.-,2-23,
B: I think you are eleven years old. %?-2v?-/-HR.-=R-2&-$&A$-<J.,
A: No, I'm older than that. Would you like to try again? 3A/, %-.J-=?-(J-2-:.$ HJ.-GA?-
;%-2*<-5S.-.0$-&A$-LJ.-:.R.-.3,
20
B: Yes, I'd like to try again. Are you thirteen years old? :.R., %?-.-<%-5S.-.0$-8A$-LJ.-/-
:.R., HR.-=R-2&-$?3-;A/-/3,
A: Yes, you're right. I'm thirteen years old. ;A/, HR.-<%-:PA$-:.$ %-=R-2&-$?3-;A/,
4 Polly, what's one and two? = How much is one and two? = How much is one plus (+)
one? 1R.-=J, $&A$-,R$-+-$*A?-2$/-/-.-<J.,
4a One and two is three. $&A$-$A-,R$-=-$*A?-2$/-/-$?3-<J.,
4b What's five and four? What is five plus four? Nine. (Five and four is nine). s-;A-
,R$-=-28A-2$/-/-.-<J., .$-<J.,(s-;A-,R$-=-28A-2$/-/-.$-<J.)
4c What is eight minus two? 2o.-=?-$*A?-:UA-/-.-<J., Eight minus two is / equals six.
2o.-=?-$*A?-:UA-/-S$-<J. / S$-.%-35%?,
4d What is three times five? $?3- =- s- ;A?- 2 + <- /- .- <J., Three times five is fifteen. $?3-
=-s-;A?-2 + <-/-2&R-s-<J.,
4e What is nine divided by three? .$-=-$?3-IA?-2$R?-/-.-,R2, Nine divided by three is
three. .$-$?3-IA?-2$R?-/-$?3-,R2,
5 Ah, it's a secret! :R, .J-$?%-2-8A$-<J.,
6 What class are you in? HR.-:6B/-9-.-2-;A/, I'm in class 1. %-:6B/-9-.%-0R-;A/,

6a What grade are you in? HR.-=R-<A3-.-2-;A/, I'm in grade 3. %-=R-<A3-.%-0R-;A/,
6b What row are you in? HR.-P=-><-.-2-;A/, I'm in row 5. %-P=-><-s-2-;A/,
6c Zhaxi: Hello! Dorji, how are you? 6-;J-hR-eJ, HR.-2.J-3R-;A/-/3,
Dorji: I'm fine, and you? %-2.J-3R-;A/, HR.-2.J-3R-;A/-/3,
Zhaxi: I'm fine too. Excuse me, does your family have any livestock (yaks, sheep,
horses, donkeys, goats, and mules)? %-;%-2.J-3R-;A/, A-<R$?, HJ.-5%-=-|R-K$?-
;R.-.3, (/R<-$/$ =$ g, 2R%-2, <-3, SJ=,)
Dorji: Yes, my family does. ;R., %J.-5%-=-|R-K$?-;R.,
Zhaxi: How many yaks does your family have? HJ.-5%-=-/R<-$/$-$-5S.-;R.,
Dorji: My family has forty two yaks. %J.-5%-=-/R<-$/$-28A-2&-8J-$*A?-;R.,
Zhaxi: How many sheep does your family have? HJ.-5%-=-=$-$-5S.-;R.,
21
Dorji: My family has two hundred and sixty five sheep. %J.-5%-=-=$-*A?-2o-.%-S$-&-
<J-s-;R.,
Zhaxi: Thank you for telling me about your family's livestock numbers. HJ.-5%-$A-
|R-K$?-GA-#-P%?-%-=-2>.-0<-2!:-SA/-(J,
Dorji: You're welcome. 2!:-SA/-8-3A-.$R?,
7 Dorji has two older brothers and his father would like to divide his sheep and yaks among his

three sons. hR-eJ-=-1-2R-$*A?-;R.-0-.%-, #R:C-A-1?-#R:C-/R<-=$-5%-3-2-$?3-0R<-2$R?-/-:.R.,
7a How many sheep will Dorji have?
7b What is one hundred sixty five divided by three?
7c How many yaks will Dorji have?
7d What is forty two divided by three?
22
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
L-5A$-"be";A-2!R=-5=,
The verb BE L-5B$ "be"
Question: SA-2, Answer: SA?-=/,
Be (Be + Pronoun + ( Pronoun + Be + Noun) ||

Noun) || (be +52-5B$+ (52-5B$+be+3A%-5B$)
3A%-5B$)
Full forms (-5%-i3-0, Full forms (-5%-i3-0, Short forms 2#?-0:A-i3-0,
Am I tall? Yes, you are. Yes, you’re tall.
%-$9$?-<A%-%3, <A%-, HJ.-$9$?-<A%-0R-:.$ <A%-, HJ.-$9$?-<A%-0R-:.$
Am I fat? *Yes, you are. Yes, you're fat.
Am %-5S/-0R-<J.-.3, <J., HR.-5S/-0R-<J., <J., HR.-5S/-0R-<J.,
Am I fast? No, you are not. 3-<J., HR.- No, you're not fast.
%-3IR$?-0R-<J.-.3, 3-<J., HR.-3IR$?-0R-3-<J.,
3IR$?-0R-3-<J.,
Are you a teacher? No, I am not. No, I’m not a teacher.
HR.-<%-.$J-c/-;A/-/3, 3A/, %-.$J-c/-3A/, 3A/, %-.$J-c/-3A/,
Are you in Row 3? Yes, I am. <J., %-P=-><- Yes, I’m in Row 3. ;A/, %-
HR.-<%-P=-><-$?3-0-AJ-
$?3-0-;A/, P=-><-$?3-0-;A/,
Are ;A/,
Are you 41? HR.-<%-=R- No, I am not. I am 14. No, I’m not. I’m 14. 3A/,
3A/, %-=R-8J-$&A$-3A/, %-=R-2&-
8J-$&A$-;A/-/3, %-=R-8J-$&A$-3A/, %-=R-2&-28A-;A/,
28A-;A/,
* :.A-:S:A-{2?-?-%J?-0<-.-"Yes, you are.".%-;%-/-"Yes, you're a student."8J?-:VA-.$R?, $=-+J,

"Yes, you're."8J?-5B$-$A-3,:-3-"are";A-{2?-?-.J-<%-2#?-:VA-L?-/-3A- :PA$-$R
23
Unit 5 What's this in English?
#J-5/-s-2, :.A-=-.LA/-;A$-$A?-&A-9J<,
1 What's this (in English)? :.A<-.LA/-;A$-$A?-&A-9J<, It's a clock / pencil-box / cup. .J<-
"clock"9J<,/ "pencil-box"9J<, / "cup"9J<,
2 Is this a pen? :.A-t$?-/$-<J.-.3, Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. <J., .J-<J., / 3-<J., .J-3-<J.,
3 It's a banana / an apple / an egg / an orange. .J-/A-?A=-+R$-%%-=$-&A$-<J. / !->-8A$-<J. / |R-%-
8A$-<J. / 5-=-3-8A$-<J.,
4 What's that? .J-&A-8A$-<J.,
5 Is that a bike / a car / a bus? $/-t$?-g- / _%?-:#R<- / ,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-8A$-<J.-.3,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
"This".%- "that"/A-":.A-".%-".J";A-.R/-.%-(-:S-2-;A/, .J-;%-.?-5S.-.3-2<-,$-&%-*J-2:A-3A:3-.%R?-0R-
8A$-!R/-0<-"this"2!R=-2-.%-, .J-=?-wR$-!J-2>.-0-0R-.%-,$-<A%-0:A-.%R?-0R-$&A$-!R/-0<-"that"2!R=-2-
;A/,
Using this, that and it: :.A, $/, .J-2&?-GA-2!R=-5=,

Question form SA-2:A-i3-0, Answer form SA?-=/-IA-i3-0,
What is this? It is an icon.
This :.A, What’s this? It’s an icon.
Is this a Tibetan robe? Yes, it is.
Who is this? This is my brother.
Is this your older sister? No, this is my mother.
That $/, Who is that? That is our Tibetan teacher.
Is that a sheep? No, it’s not a sheep. It’s a goat.
What’s that? It’s a wild yak.
1A What's this in English? :.A-=-.LA/-;A$-$A?-F… -\‰_,
This. . . :.A. . .,
1a This is a chair. :.A-/A-b2-!J$?->A$-<J.,
24
1b This is a pencil. :.A-/A-8-/$-<J.,
1c This is a bowl. :.A-/A-.!<-;R=-<J.,
1B What's this in English? :.A-=-.LA/-;A$-$A?-F… -\‰_, (:SA-5B$-:.A<-=/-$>3-$?=-v<-2+2-G%-(R$-$R)
1d It's a clock. .J<-"clock"9J<,
1e It's a dog / horse. .J-/A-HA / g-8A$-<J., (It's = it is.)
1f What's this? :.A-&A-8A$-<J., It's a map. .J-/A-?-O-8A$-<J.,
2 And what's this? :R-/-:.A-&A-8A$-<J.,

2a And. . . {2?-:.A<-".%-"$A-:)$-5=-.%-:S,
2b This is a pen. And this is a pencil.:.A-/A-t$?-/$-&A$-.%-, :.A-/A-8-/$-&A$-<J.,
2c This is a book. And this is a notebook. :.A-.0J-(-8A$-.%-, :.A-/A-:VA-.J2-&A$-<J.,
3 A: Is this a pen? :.A-/A-t$?-/$-<J.-.3,
B: Yes, it is. <J., .J-<J.,
A: Is that a desk? .J-1R$-4K-<J.-.3,
B: Yes, it is a desk. <J., .J-1R$-4K-<J.,
4 What's that in English? .J<-.LA/-;A$-$A?-&A-9J<,

4a . . . that. . . .J-...<J.,
4b Is that a goat? No, it isn't. It is a sheep. .J-<-3-8A$-<J.-.3, 3-<J., .J-=$-&A$-<J.,
4c This is my book. That is your book. :.A-/A-%:A-.0J-(-;A/, .J-/A-HJ.-GA-.0J-(-<J.,
5 Look! That's a car. vR?-.%-, $/-/A-_%?-:#R<-8A$-<J., Yes, it is a Japanese car. <J.-;, .J-/A-

:)<-0/-IA-_%?-:#R<-8A$-<J.,
5a Look! That's a horse. vR?-.%-, $/-/A-g-8A$-<J.,
5b Look! That's my family tent. vR?-.%-, $/-/A-%J.-5%-$A-4-$<-<J.,
6 Is that an English car? $/-.LA/-)A:A-_%?-:#R<-8A$-AJ-<J.,

6a Is that your village? $/-HR.-5S:C-#J-2-<J.-.3,
6b Is that your horse? $/-HJ.-GA-g-<J.-.3,
25
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
English…adjective (R?-2eR.-GA-5B$
1 Is that a black car? Yes, it is. $/- _%?- : #R<- /$- 0R- 8A$- <J.- .3, <J.- ;, $/- _%?- : #R<- /$- 0R- 8A$- <J.,
1a Is that a red hat? No, it isn't. It's a white hat. $/-E-3R-.3<-0R-8A$-<J.-.3, 3-<J., .J-3-<J.,
.J-/A-E-3R-.!<-0R-8A$-<J.,
1b Is that a dog? No, it isn't. It is a wolf. $/-HA-8A$-<J.-.3, 3-<J., $/-HA-8A$-3-<J., $/-,%-!A-
8A$-<J.,
2 English, Chinese, Japanese, American, Tibetan :.A-.$-/A-3A%-5B$-+-2!R=-(R$-=-(R?-2eR.-GA-5B$-

+:%-2!R=-(R$ .0J<-/,
2a He is English. #R-/A-.LA/-)A-2-8A$-<J.,
2b He is an Englishman. #R-/A-.LA/-)A:A-*J?-0-8A$-<J.,
2c She is Japanese. 3R-/A-:)<-0/-2-<J.,
2d She is a Japanese girl. 3R-/A-:)<-0/-IA-2-3R-8A$-<J.,
26
Unit 6 How old is he?
#J-5/-S$-0, #R-<%-=R-.-<J.,
1 Who is this / that? This / That is. . . :.A- / $/-?-<J., :.A- / $/-/A-. . . ,
1a Who’s that in picture 1? :S-0<-.%-0R:C-!J%-$A-$/-?-<J.,
1b Who is my friend? Is your friend a boy or a girl? %:A-PR$?-0R-?-<J., HJ.-GA-PR$?-0R-8A-=A-
8A$-;A/-/3-8A-3R-8A$-;A/,
2 How old is he / she? He / She is. . . #R- / #R-3R-=R-.-<J., #R- / #R-3R-. . . ,

2a I think he’s very old. %?-2v?-/-#R-@-&%-2PJ?-0R-:.$
3 What’s his / her / its name? #R:A- / #R-3R:C- / .J:A-3A%-=-&A-9J<,

3a This is a bird. Its name is. . . :.A-L-8A$-<J., .J:A-3A%-=-. . . 9J<,
Its. . .".J:A- / .J-;AA-"8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-=-.J-$%-9$-1.-0:A-.%R?-0R-5%-3:A-:VJ=-1-!R/-LJ.-GA-5B$-;A/,

It is/ it's. . .".J-/A- / .J-. . .<J."8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-/R,
3b Its tail is long. .J:A-d-3-<A%-0R-:.$
3c It's mine. .J-%:A-<JJ.,
4 Is she / he at school? I don’t know. #R-3R- / #R-aR2-9-/-;R.-.3, %?-3A->J?,

4a Is everyone here today? .J-<A%-5%-3-:.A-/-;R.-.3,
4b Is your brother at home? No, he left for Xining yesterday morning. HJ.-GA-1-2R-HA3-.-
;R.-.3, 3J., #R-#-?%-8R$?-0<-9A-=A%-.-2.-,=,
5 Yes, that’s right! <J., .J-:PA$-:.$-8J?-2:A-.R/-;A/-;%-, {2?-<J<-"<J., .J-<J.-"8J?-{2?-2!/-.R<-

.$R?-2:%-;R.-.R, No, that’s wrong. <J., .J-/R<-:.$-8J?-2:A-.R/-;A/-;%-, {2?-<J<-$R%-28A/-"3-<J.,
.J-3-<J.-"8J?-{2?-22-.%-2!/-/?-2!R=-.$R?-2-.0J<-/-$>3-v<,
5a Today is Monday, right? .J-<A%-$9:-^-2-<J.-.3, Yes, that’s right! <J., .J-<J.,
5b Tomorrow is her birthday, right? ?%-*A/-#R-3R:C-*J?-{<-<J.-.3, No, that’s wrong. 3-<J.,
?%-*A/-3-<J.,

27
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Using he, she, and it. || "He.%-she, it"?R$?-GA-2!R=-!%?,
1a How old is he / she / it? He / She / It is 13. #R- / #R-3R- / .J-=R-.-<J., "it";A?-3A-=?-$8/-0:A-
.%R?-0R<-!R/,
1b It's very fat / tall / big. (The yak is very fat. The tree is very tall. The house is very
big.) .J-@-&%-5S/-0R-<J., / <A%-$A / (J-$A ($;$-.J-@-&%-5S/-0R-<J., #R%-2R-.J-@-&%-<A%-$A #%-2-.J-@-&%-(J-
$A)
1c Is he / she / at home? Yes, he / she is at home. #R- / #R-3R- / HA3-/-;R.-.3, ;R.-$A #R- / #R-
3R-HA3-/-;R.,
1d Is he / she a student? No, he / she is a teacher. #R- / #R-3R-aR2-3-8A$-AJ-<J., 3-<J., #R- / #R-
3R-.$J-c/-8A$-<J.,
1e Is it an eagle? Yes, it is. No, it is a vulture. .J-\$-<J.-.3, <J., .J-\$-<J., 3-<J., .J-L-cR.-
<J.,
1 Who is this? Who are you? :.A-?-<J., HR.-?-;A/,
1a Who is that? Who is he / she? $/-?-<J., #R / #R-3R-?-<J.,
1b A: Who are you? HR.-?-;A/,
B: I am Rabji. I am a student. %-<2-o?-;A/, %-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,
1c A: Who is he? #R-?-<J.,
B: He is my younger brother. His name is Dorji and he is a student, too. #R-%:A-%/-
(%-;A/, #R:C-3A%-=-hR-eJ-9J<-=-#R-;%-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,
1d Who is your best friend? HJ.-GA-PR$?-0R-(J?-29%-2R-?-;A/,
1e Who is your English teacher? HJ.-GA-.LA/-;A$-$A-.$J-c/-?-;A/,
28
2 I don’t know. %?-3A->J?,
2a Do you know the answer? HR.-GA?-=/-.J-AJ->J?,
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t know. >J?, %?->J?, / 3A->J?, %?-3A->J?,
2b Do you understand? HR.-GA?-@-$R:3,
Yes, I understand. / No, I don’t understand. $R %?-@-$R-?R%-, / 3A-$R, %?-@-3A-$R,
3 I think she’s twenty. %?-2v?-/-#R-3R-=R-*A->-<J.,

3a I think . . . %?-2v?-/-. . . ,
3b I think he is in the classroom. %?-2v?-/-#R-<%-aR2-#%-.-:.$
4 In picture. . . :S-0<-!J%-$A-. . . ,
4a Who are they in picture 2? :S-0<-$*A?-2:A-!J%-$A-$/-5S-?-<J.,
4b Who’s that in picture 1? :S-0<-.%-0R:C-!J%-$A-$/-?-<J.,
5 In. . . /%-/- / .-. . . ,

5a Is everyone here today? .J-<A%-5%-3-:.A-/-;R.-.3,
Yes, everyone is here. ;R., 5%-3-:.A-/-;R.,
5b Is Bill in, Sam? || Sam, "Bill"/%-/-;R.-.3,
5c Is your father in? No, he is out. HJ.-GA-A-1-/%-/-;R.-.3, 3J., #R-|R<-2.-,=,
6 At school. . . aR2-9-/-. . . ,
6a Is she at school today? Yes, she is. .J-<A%-#R-3R-aR2-9-/-;R.-.3, ;R.-$A #R-3R-;R.-$A
6b Is your brother at home? Yes, he is at home. HJ.-GA-1-2R-HA3-/-;R.-.3, ;R., #R-HA3-/-;R.,
7 Is your friend a boy or a girl? HJ.-GA-PR$?-0R-8A-=A-;A/-/3-8A-3R-;A/,

7a Is that your household's cow or my household's cow? That is my family's cow.
$/-HJ.-5%-$A-2-3R-<J.-.3-%J.-5%-$A-2-3R-<J., $/-%J.-5%-$A-2-3R-<J.,

29
Unit 7 Is this your pencil-box?
#J-5/-2./-0, :.A-HR.-GA-/$-|3-AJ-<J.,
1 Is this your / my / his / her pencil-box? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. :.A-HR.-GA- / %:A- / #R:A- /
#R-3R:A-/$-|3-AJ-<J., <J., .J-<J., / 3-<J., .J-3-<J.,
2 Here you are. HR.-=-!J<,
3 Where’s my cup? %:A-)-1R<-$%-/-;R.,
4 What are these / those? They’re boats / yaks. :.A-.$- / .J-.$-&A-8B$-<J., .J-.$-P-(%- /

$;$-<J.,
5 Are these / those / they English books? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. :.A-.$- / .J-.$-
/ .J-5S-.LA/-;A$-$A-.0J-.J2-AJ-<J.,
<J., .J-5S-<J., / 3-<J., .J-5S-3-<J.,
6 They’re their books. .J-5S-#R-5S:C-.0J-.J2-<J.,
7 That's all right. .J-@-&%-2.J/-0<-:.$
8 Numbers: one, two, three, four, five. . . A%-!A: $&A$ $*A?, $?3, 28A, s-?R$?,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Using "my, your, his, her and its." "My.%-your, his, her, its"2&?-GA-2!R=-5=,
1a Is this your scarf? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. :.A-HJ.-GA-3$R-.NA?-;A/-/3, ;A/, .J-;A/, / 3A/, .J-3A/,
1b Is this his scarf? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. :.A-#R:A-3$R-.NA?-<J.-.3, <J., .J-<J., / 3-<J., .J-
3-<J.,
1c Is this her scarf? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. :.A-#R-3R:A-3$R-.NA?-<J.-.3, <J., .J-<J., / 3-<J.,
.J-3-<J.,
1d Whose Tibetan robe is this? It's my Tibetan robe. :.A-?:A-2R.-H-;A/, .J-%:A-2R.-H-;A/,
2 Number and plural forms of nouns A%-P%?-.%-3A%-5B$-$A-3%-2:A-i3-0,

2a There is a student in the classroom. aR2-#%-/%-.-aR2-3-8A$-;R.,
There are thirty students in the classroom. aR2-#%-/%-.-aR2-3-?3-&-;R.,
There is only one apple on the tree. #R%-3$R-/-!->-$&A$-+$-+$-;R.,
There are ten apples on the tree. #R%-3$R-/-!->-2&-,3-0-;R.,
30
2b One apple !->-$&A$
Two apples !->-$*A?,
One hundred 2o-,3-0,
3 Using "these, those," and "they." || "These".%-"those, they"2&?-GA-2!R=-5=,

"These"2!R=-/?-2>.-0-0R-<%-.%-,$-*J-2:A-.%R?-2R-:$:-!R/-0-;A/,
"Those"2!R=-/?-2>.-0-0R-.%-,$-<A%-2:A-$/?-GA-.%R?-2R-:$:-!R/-0-;A/,
"They"#R-5S, / .J-5S,
Question form SA-2:A-i3-0, Answer form SA?-=/-IA-i3-0,

These :.A-5S, What are these? They are icons.
Are these pears? No, they are apples.
Those $/-5S, Are those mules? Yes, they are.
What are those? They are Tibetan tents
This :.A, these :.A-5S,
That $/, those $/-5S,
1 Here you are! :.A-8J?-!J<-0:A-.R/-;A/,
2 A: May I borrow your eraser? %-=-HJ.-GA-2?2-:IA$-$;<-/-AJ-(R$

B: Of course, here it is. =R?-(R$ :.A,
2a A: Excuse me! Is this your book? .$R%?-0-3-:5S3, :.A-HJ.-GA-.0J-(-AJ-<J.,
A: Here you are. HR.-=-!J<,
B: Thank you. 2!:-SA/-(J,
A: You're welcome. 2!:-SA/-8-3A-.$R?,
31
3 Answers for "Thank you." || "Thank you"=-=/-:.J2?-5=,
5a That’s all right. .-29%-,=, .J-;$-0R-:.$
5b That’s OK. .J-(R$-$A
5c Not at all. 2!:-SA/-&%-43-;%-8-3A-.$R?,
5d You're welcome. 2!:-SA/-8-3A-.$R?,
5e It’s my pleasure. %-.J<-.$:-2-;A/,
4 Where is my cup? %:A-)-1R<-$%-/-;R.,
4a A: Where is my hat? Is that my hat? %:A-E-3R-$%-.-;R., .J-%:C-E-3R-AJ-<J.,
B: No, I think it’s his hat. 3-<J., %?-2v?-/-.J-#R:C-E-3R-<J.,
A: Dorji, is this your hat? hR-eJ, :.A-HJ.-GA-E-3R-AJ-;A/,
C: Oh, yes, it is. :R, <J., .J-%:A-E-3R-<J.,
C: Thank you. 2!:-SA/-(J,
A: You're welcome. 2!:-SA/-8-3AA-.$R?,
5 What are these? :.A-.$-&A-8A$-<J.,

5a What are these? These are goats. They are bananas. They are mules. They are
cows. :.A-.$-&A-8A$-<J., :.A-.$-<-3-<J., .J-.$-?A=-+R$-%%-=$-<J., .J-.$-SJ=-<J., .J-.$-2-3R-<J.,
6 A: It’s very good! .J-@-&%-29%-$A

6a A: Excuse me! Is this your Tibetan robe? A-<R$?, :.A-HJ.-GA-2R.-H-;A/-/3,
B: Yes, it is. ;A/, .J-%:A-2R.-H-;A/,
.J-@-&%-;$-0R-:.$
A: It’s very nice!
7 A: Are these English books? :.A-.$-.LA/-;A$-$A-.0J-(-AJ-<J.,

B: Yes, they are. <J., .J-5S-.LA/-;A$-$A-.0J-(-<J.,
7a A: Are they your parents in this picture? :S-0<-:.A:A-!J%-$A-$/-5S-HJ.-GA-1-3-;A/-/3,
32
B: Yes, they are. ;A/, #R-5S-%:A-1-3-$*A?-;A/,
A: Are they farmers? #R-5S-8A%-2-<J.-.3,
B: No, they are herdsmen. 3A/, #R-5S-:VR$-0-<J.,
7b A: Excuse me! A-<R$?,
B: Yes? :R, &A-8A$-<J.,
A: Is this your jacket? :.A-HJ.-GA-!R.-H-AJ-<J.,
B: Thanks. 2!:-SA/-(J,
A: That's OK. .J<-*R/-3A-:.$
8 Look at the picture and listen to the tape. :S-0<-:.A-=-2v-<R$?, 1-,$-:.A-=-$?/-<R$?,

=-2v-<R$?, / vR?-.%-, Listen to. . . || . . . =-$?/-<R$?,
Look at. . . || . . .
8a Please, look at page 32. >R$-%R?-32=-vR?-.%-,

8b Look at the cute boy. LA?-0-~A%-eJ-2R-:.A-=-vR?-.%-,
8c Listen to your teacher, please! .$J-c/-IA-#-=J/-<R$?,
8d Listen to the radio, please! _%-:UA/-=J-5/-=-$?/-<R$?,
9 Answer this question:SA-2-:.A:A-SA?-=/-,R2?,

9a What number is Jim’s bus? )J3-IA-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-IA-A%-g$?-.-<J.,
Jim's bus number is 12. / It's 12. )J3-IA-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-IA-A%-g$?-12<J. / .J-12<J.,
10 "Ask" and "Answer" "SA-2".%-"=/-:.J2?-0"

11a May I ask you a question, please? %?-HR.-=-SA-2-8A$-SA?-/-(R$-$3,
11b May I know your name, please? %?-HJ.-GA-3A%->J?-/-(R$-$3,
11c Can you answer my question, please? HJ.-GA?-%:A-SA-2<-=/-:.J2?-,2-23,
33
Unit 8 Mainly revision
#J-5/2o.-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,
1 In pairs, ask and answer. 1/-5/-2<-SA-2-:.R/-0-.%-=/-:.J2?-0,
2 Next number. P%?-!-eJ?-3,
3 Say the numbers: 3. . . 18. 3/?-182<-IA-P%?-!-.$->R.,
4 What would you like to drink? I would like to drink a cup of milk tea. HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-
:,%-/-:.R., %?-:R-)-.!<-;R=-$%-:,%-/-:.R.,
4a Would you like to watch a movie? Yes, I would. HJ.-GA?-\R$-2f/-8A$-=-2v-:.R.-.3,
:.R., %?-\R$-2f/-8A$-=-2v?-/-:.R.,
5 How is the weather today? It's sunny / cloudy / windy. .J-<A%-$/3-^-&A-:S-<J., $/3-,%-
:.$ 3A/-3%-0R-:.$ _%-$;$-28A/-:.$
1 In pairs, ask and answer. 1/-5/-2<-SA-2-:.R/-0-.%-=/-:.J2?-0,
1a In pairs, read and write. 1/-5/-2<-:.R/-0-.%-:VA-2,
2 "Too" and "either" || "Too".%-"either" "too"LJ.-0-!R/-0:A-2i/-5B$ "either".$$-1-!R/-

0:A-2i/-5B$
2a I’m a student. He is a student, too. %-aR2-3-8A$-;A/-=-#R-;%-aR2-3-8A$-<J.,
2b You don’t know the answer. I don’t know, either. HJ.-GA?-.J: A- =/- 3A- >J?- =- %?- G%- .J: A- =/-
3A->J?,
3 Play the game "Next Number!" "A%-!A-eJ?-3"8J?-0:A-lJ.-3R-:.A-lJ.-<R$?,

3a Play basketball. r%-=A-lJ.-2,
3b Play football. b%-lJ.-%R-=R-lJ.-2,
34
4 Count like this: one, two, three, four. . . :.A-v<-2lA-<R$?, $&A$. . . $*A?. . . -$?3. . . 28A. . .
. . . like this :.A-v<. . . ,
4a Please, write it like this. :.A-v<-:VA-<R$?,
4b Read it like this, please. :.A-v<-:.R/-<R$?,
5 Listen to the tape and answer these questions in your workbook. 1- ,$- =-*/- /?- .%- $8A: A-
:SA-5B$-.$-=-=/-,R2?,
5a Please, listen to me and write down my questions in your notebook. %?-2>.-0<-
*/-eJ?-:SA-5B$-5%-3-HR.-GA-:VA-.J2-!J%-:VA-<R$?,
6 Can I see your license, please? %?-HJ.-GA-2.J/-.0%-;A-$J<-2v?-/-(R$-$3,

6a Can I see your pictures? %?-HJ.-GA-:S-0<-=-2v?-/-(R$-$3,
6b Can you jump out the window? HR.-S-3-:.A:A-KA-=-wA%-,2-23,
7 What grade is he in? #R-=R-<A3-.-2-<J.,

7a What class are you in? HR.-:6B/-9-$%-$A-;A/,
7b What row is he in? HR.-P=-><-$%-$A-;A/,
7c What team is he on? #R-<-#$-$%-$A-;A/,
7d He is on the Lakers team. #R-=J-#A<-<-#$-$A-;A/,
8 It is the No. 14 Middle School. .J-aR2-:VA%-A%-2&-28A-2-<J.,

8a It’s the No. 2 bus. .J-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-A%-$*A?-0-<J.,
9 At school I have a friend. aR2-9-<-%-=-PR$?-0R-8A$-;R.,

9a At home I have a cat. HA3-.-%-=-LA-=-8A$-;R.,
9b At school I have many books. aR2-9-<-%-=-.0J-(-3%-0R-;R.,
35
Unit 9 The new students
#J-5/-.$-2, aR2-3-$?<-2,
1 Are we all here? %-5S-5%-3-:.A-/-;R.-.3,
2 They aren’t here. #R-5S-:.A-/-3J.,
3 Put our coats here. %-5S:C-!R.-H-:.A<-8R$
4 Who is on duty today? .J-<A%-$A-=?-<J?-0-?-<J.,
5 Look after them. #R-5S<-2.$-*R%-LR?,
6 This way please! :.A:A-KR$?-?, :PR-<R$?,
7 Nice to meet you! HR.-.%-3)=-2?-.$:-0R-L%-,
1 Who’s on duty today? .J-<A%-$A-=?-<J?-0-?-<J.,
on duty. . . =?-<J?-0,
1a Zhaxi is on duty today. .J-<A%-$A-=?-<J?-0-2N->A?-<J.,
1b They are on duty today. #R-5S-.J-<A%-$A-=?-<J?-0-<J.,
1c We are all on duty today. %-5S-5%-3-.J-<A%-$A-=?-<J?-0-;A/,
2 Are we all here? = Is everyone here today? %-5S-5%-3-:.A-/-;R.-.3, = .J-<A%-5%-3-:.A-/-;R.-.3,

2a Are they all students? #R-5S-5%-3-aR2-3-AJ-<J.,
2b Are they all Tibetan monks? Yes, they are. / No, some of them are American
monks. #R-5S-5%-3-2R.-GA-9-2-AJ-<J., <J., #R-5S-<J., / 3-<J., #R-5S:A-=-=-A-<A:A-9-2-<J.,
3 Who isn’t at school today? .J-<A%-?-aR2-9<-;R%-3J.-.3,

3a Who isn’t here today? .J-<A%-:.A<-?-;R%-3J.-.3,
4 Where are they? #R-5S-$%-/-;R.,

4a I don’t know. They aren’t here. %?-3A->J?, #R-5S-:.A-/-3A-:.$
4b I think they are at home. %?-2v?-/-#R-5S-HA3-/-;R.->R?-(J,
36
5 Where is he / she? #R / #R-3R-$%-.-;R.,
5a I think he is in the classroom. %?-2v?-/-#R-aR2-#%-/%-.-;R.-0-<J.,
5b I think she is American. %?-2v?-/-#R-3R-A-<A-2-<J.,
6 Today we have two new students. .J-<A%-%-5S<-aR2-3-$?<-2-$*A?-;R.,

6a We have. . . %-5S<-...;R.,
6b New student. aR2-3-$?<-2,
6c I have two pencils. %-=-8-/$-$*A?-;R.,
6d Today I have a new hat. .J-<A%-%-=-E-3R-$?<-2-8A$-;R.,
7 Their names are Lucy and Lily. #R-5R:A-3A%-=-=R-?J-.%-=J-=J-9J<,

7a Their hats are new. #R-5S:C-E-3R-$?<-2-<J.,
7b Three and eight are their numbers. #R-5S:C-A%-P%?-/A-$?3-.%-2o.-<J.,
8 We’re twins! %J.-$*A?-35K-3-;A/,
9 OK. Please sit down over there. (R$-$A $/-/?-28$?-<R$?,

Over there. . . 1-$A-/,
9a He is over there. #R-1-$A-/-:.$
9b Can you see the cow over there? HJ.-GA?-1-$A:A-2-3R-.J-3,R%-%3,
10 Sorry! You look the same! .$R%?-0-3-5R3, HJ.-$*A?-!-2v?-/-<A$-:S-<J.,

Look the same. . . 2v?-/-:S-2,
10c Your pen and his pen look the same. HJ.-GA-t$?-/$-.%-#R:A-t$?-/$-$*A?-2v?-/-:S-0R-
:.$
10d The girls over there look the same. 1-$A:A-2-3R-5S-2v?-/-<A$-:S-<J.,
11 Han Meimei, please look after the twins today. @/-3:J-3:J, HJ.-GA?-.J-<A%-35K-3-:.A-$*A?-=-

2.$-*R%-LJ.-<R$?,
Look after. . . 2.$-*R%, v-*R%-,
11a Please look after the baby. LA?-0-:.A<-2.$-*R%-LJ.-<R$?,
37
11b Please look after my car. %:A-_%?-:#R<-=-v-*R%-LJ.-<R$?,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Plural forms of the verb "BE." L-5B$-"BE";A-3%-5B$-$A-i3-0,
1a Are you / they in class 3? Yes, we / they are. HJ.-5S-:6B/-9-$?3-0-;A/-/3, / #R-5S-:6B/-9-

$?3-0-<J.-.3, ;A/, %-5S-;A/, / <J., #R-5S-<J.,
1b Are you / they twins? Yes, we / they are. HJ.-5S-35K-3-;A/-/3, / #R-5S-35K-3-<J.-.3, ;A/, %-

5S-35K-3-;A/, / #R-5S-35K-3-<J.,
1c What grade are you / they in? We/ They / are in grade one. HJ.-5S-=R-<A3-.-2-;A/, / #R-5S-
=R-<A3-.-2-<J., %-5S-=R-<A3-.%-0R-;A/, / #R-5S-=R-<A3-.%- 0R-<J.,
1d Are you American? No, I'm French. HR.-A-<A-2-;A/-/3, 3A/, %-n-</-?A:A-3A-;A/,
38
2 Possessive Pronouns 2.$-.R/-IA-52-5B$
Singular forms n%-5B$-$A-i3-0, Plural forms 3%-5B$-$A- Nominative and possessive cases
LJ.-0-0R-!R/-0:A-i3-.LJ-.%-2.$-.R/-IA-
i3-0,
:VJ=-1,
I am Zhaxi. %-2N->A?-;A/, We have horses. I ------ my %------%:A,
%-5S<-g-;R.,
My name is Zhaxi. %:A-3A%-=-2N->A?-
Our horses are white.
9J<, %-5S:C-g-i3?-.!<-0R-;A/,
You are Zhaxi. HR.-2N->A?-<J., You have hats. You-------your HR.------HR.-GA,
HR.-=-E-;R.,
Your name is Zhaxi. HR.-GA-3A%-=-2N-
Your hats are red.
>A?-9J<, HR.-GA-E-i3?-.3<-0R-<J.,
She is Doma. #R-3R-1R=-3-<J., She has cats. She--------her #R-3R------#R-3R:C,
3R<-LA-=-;R.,
Her name is Doma. #R-3R:A-3A%-=-1R=-
Her cats are brown.
3-9J<, 3R:A-LA-=-i3?-($-0R-<J.,
He is Zhaxi. #R-2N->A?-<J., He has cats. He---------his #R------#R-2R:C,
#R<-LA-=-;R.,
His name is Zhaxi. #R:C-3A%-=-2N->A?-
His cats are white
9J<, #R:C-LA-=-i3?-.!<-0R-<J.,
It is Polly. .J-1R.-=J-<J., It has toys. it---------its .J--------- .J:C,
.J<-lJ.-(?-;R.,
Its name is Polly. .JJ:A-3A%-=-1R.-=J-9J<, We---------our %-5S--------%-5S:C,
Its toys are red.
.J:A-lJ.-(?-i3?-.3<-0R- They-------their #R-5S------#R-5S:C,
<J.,
39
Unit 10 Where is it?
#J-5/-2&-2, .J-$%-.-;R.,
1 Who's that? $/-?-<J.,
2 Is it…or. . . ? .J-…<J.-.3-…<J.,
3 Who are they? #R-5S-?-<J.,
4 Look at the picture. :S-0<-:.A<-vR?-.%-,
5 Who are on duty today? They are on duty today. .J-<A%-$A-=?-<J?-0-?-<J., #R-5S-.J-<A%-$A-=?-
<J?-0-<J.,
6 Can you see…? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. HJ.-GA?…3,R%-,2-23, 3,R%-,2, %?-3,R%-,2, /
3A-,2, %?-3,R%-3A-,2,
7 Where are Lucy's pencils? =R-?J-;A-8-/$-i3?-$%-.-;R.,
8 It looks like a cat. .J<-2v?-5S.-GA?-LA-=-8A$-.%-:S,
9 Put them over there, please. .J-5S-1-$A<-:)R$-<R$?,
10 Where is his family tent? His family tent is at the foot of Maqin Mountain. #R-5%-$A-4-
$<-$%-.-;R., #R-5%-$A-4-$<-k-(J/-$%?-:.2?-/-;R.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Using "the." || "The";A-2!R=-5=,
1) 5%-3<-$?=-(-;R.-0-.%-:)A$-gJ/-!J%-$&A$-=?-$*A?-3J.-0:A-L-.%R?-.%-3*3-.-2!R=-2-.0J<-/,
1a Singular noun: the sun, the moon n%-5B$ *A-3-.%-^-2-?R$?,
2) }R/-.-\J%-9A/-0:A-L-.%R?-{R<-8A$-$3-3A-{R<-8A$-%R?-:6B/-0:A-5B$-=-2!R=-2-.0J<-/,
2a I have a cat. The cat likes meat. %-=-LA-=-8A$-;R., LA-=-.J->-=-.$:,
2b I can see a football? Where is the football? %?-b%-lJ.-%R-=R-8A$-3,R%-,2, b%-lJ.-%R-=R-.J-
$%-.-;R.,
40
1 Who's that? $/-?-<J.,
1a Who is that man? That is my older brother. *J?-0-$/-?-<J., $/-%:A-1-2R-<J.,
1b Who is the girl in the hat? E-3R-IR/-0:A-2-3R-.J-?-<J.,
1c The boy in the yellow jacket is tall. !R.-H-?J<-2R-IR/-0:A-2-(%-.J-$9$?-<A%-0R-:.$
2 Are the twins in different classes? 35K-3-.J-$*A?-:6B/-9-3A-$&A$-0-<J.-.3,
2a Are you guys in different classes? HR.-5SS-:6B/-9-$&A$-$A-3A/-/3,
No, we are in the same class. 3A/, %-5S-:6B/-9-$&A$-$A-;A/,
3 This is a picture of my classroom. :.A-/A-%:A-aR2-#%-$A-:S-0<-8A$-;A/,
3a What is this? :.A-&A-8A$-<J.,
This is a picture of my village. :.A-/A-%:A-1-;=-IA-:S-0<-8A$-;A/,
4 Look at the picture. :S-0<-:.A<-vR?-.%-,

4a Look at the yak over there. 1-$A:A-$;$-.J<-vR?-.%-,
4b Please look at page 109. >R$-%R?-109=-vR?-.%-,

5 Can you see the door? Can you see a door? HR.-GA?-|R-.J-3,R%-,2-23, HR.-GA?-|R-8A$-3,R%-,2-
23,
5a A: Can you see the eraser? HR.-GA?-2?2-:IA$-.J-3,R%-,2-23,
B: Yes, I can. ,2, %?-3,R%-,2,
A: Where is it? .J-$%-.-;R.,
B: It's on the teacher's desk. .J-.$J-c/-IA-&R$-4K:A-!J%-.-;R.,
6 It looks like a cat! .J<-2v?-5S.-GA?-LA-=-8A$-.%-:S,

6a Your older brother looks like you. HJ.-GA-1-2R-2v?-5S.-GA?-HR.-=-@-&%-<A$
6b This hat looks like my hat. E-3R-:.A-2v?-5R.-GA?-%:A-E-3R-=-@-&%-<A$
7 Where is your home? HJ.-GA-1-;=-$%-/-;R.,

My home is in Hor Village, Cuzhou Township, Jiantsa County, Malho Prefecture,
Qinghai Province. %:A-1-;=-/A-35S-}R/-8A%-(J/-k-zR-#=-$&/-5-mR%-5S-S$- 8% -@R<- #J-2-;A/,
41
Unit 11 Come and meet the family!
#J-5/-2&-$&A$-0, HA3-3A-5S-.%-3)=-2<-:R%-2,
1 Come and meet my family. %J.-5%-$A-HA3-3A-5S-.%-3)=-2<->R$
2 What's the name of her cat? #R-3R:C-LA-=:A-3A%-=-&A-9J<,
3 Who're they? They're my grandparents. #R-5S-?-;A/, #R-5S-%:A-kR-3R-.%-%R-2R-;A/,
4 Go and see. 2v-2<-:PR
5 Nice to meet / see you. HJ.-.%-:U.-0-@-&%-29%-,
6 Please come in. /%-.-1J2?-<R$?,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Possessives 2.$-.R/-IA-52-5B$
1) "Zhaxi's"8J?-0:A"s"&J?-0:A-1-.<-/-.J-.%-:VJ=-2:A-(R?-!R/-LJ.-GA-:VJ=-1-;A/-+J, .0J<-/
1a Who is that (man)? He is Zhaxi's father. (*J?-2-)$/-?-<J., #R-2N->A?-GA-A-1-<J.,

1b Is this your pen? No, it's Cairang's pen. :.A-HJ.-GA-t$?-/$-AJ-<J., 3-<J., .J-5K-<A%-$A-<J.,
1c Is that Doma's cat? No, it's Drukar's cat. .J-1R=-3:A-LA-=-AJ-<J., 3-<J., .J-1R=-.!<-IA-LA-=-
<J.,
.J-;%-#-P%?-$*A?-?3-$*A?-;/-!R/-0:A-3A%-5B$-$A-3,:-<-"-s";R.-/, 2#?-g$?-(apostrophe')#R-/-.<-
2?-(R$-!J,
1d My sisters' children. %:A-A-&J-.%-YA%-3R-5S:C-U-$-v-2:R,
2 Imperatives {=-5B$
2a Go and see! 2v-2<-:PR
2b May I come in? Come in, please. / Please come in. %-/%-.-;R%-/-(R$-$3, /%-.-1J2?-
<R$?,
2c Come and meet the family. HA3-3A-5S-.%-3)=-2<->R$
2d Please, be careful. ?J3?-(%-LR?,
2e Sit down, please. 28$?-$./-:)$?,
2f Be quiet, please. #-<R$-$J<-:.$-0<-8,
42
2g Let me try. %?-5S.-v-8A$-LJ.-.%-,
2h Let's go together. %-5S-3*3-.-:PR,
1 Come and meet my family. %:A-HA3-3A-5S<-3)=-2<->R$
1a Come here and have a seat. :.A<-1J2?-/?-28$?-.%-,
2 What's that? .J-&A-8A$-<J., It's a picture of my family. .J-/A-%:A-HA3-5%-$A-:S-0<-8A$-<J.,
3 Oh, can I see it? AR, %?-&A$-2v?-/-(R$-$3,

3a May I have a look? %?-&A$-2v?-/-(R$-$3,
4 Nice to meet you! HJ.-.%-3)=-2->A/-+-=J$?,

4a Nice to see you! HJ.-.%-3)=-2->A/-+-=J$?,
4b Glad to see you. HJ.-.%-3)=-0?-.$:-0R-L%-,
5 Please come in. /%-.-1J2?-<R$?,

5a May I come in? %-<%-/%-.-;R%-/-(R$-$3, Come in, please. /%-.-1J2?-<R$?,
6 Sit down and have a cup of tea with me. 3<-4S$-/?-%-.%-3*3-.-)-.!<-;R=-$%-:,%-<R$?,

6a Sit down and have a conversation with me. 3<-4S$-/?-%-.%-#-2h-LR?,
6b Come here and have an apple. :.A<-;R%-/?-!->-8A$-9-<R$?,

43
Conversation #-2h,
Dorji: Hello! 6-;J,
Doma: Hello! Who's that? 7-;J, HR.-?-;A/,
Dorji: I'm one of Zhaxi's classmates and my name is Dorji. Are you Zhaxi's mother?
%-/A-2N->A?-GA-aR2-PR$?->A$-;A/, 3A%-=-hR-eJ-9J<, HR.-2N->A?-GA-A-3-;A/-/3,
Doma: No, I'm Zhaxi's older sister. 3A/, %-2N->A?-GA-A-&J-;A/,
Dorji: Oh, sorry. May I speak to Zhaxi, please? :R, ,$?-o=-3-28J%?, %?-2N->A?-=-#-2h-LJ.-
(R$-$3,
Doma: Sure. He's riding a bicycle in the yard. I'll call him. =R?-(R$ #R-2R?-z?-G-/-t$?-g-
2{R<-28A/-:.$ %?-#R-<%-:2R.,
Zhaxi: Hi, Dorji. I'm sorry. My father bought me a new bicycle and I was riding it in
my house yard. How is everything going with you? 7-;J, hR-eJ, .$R%?-0-3-5S3, %:A-
A-1?-2.$-=-t$?-g-$?<-2-8A$-*R?-;R.-0?-%?-z?-G-/-.J-2{R<-28A/-;R., .-v-HR.-GA-L-2-3,:-.$-
)A-:S-<J.,
Dorji: Not bad, but my parents have gone to my uncle's home and won't come back
tonight. I feel a little alone. Will you be free this evening? 3A-29%-o-3J.-G%-%:A-1-3-
$*A?-%R-2R-5%-=-2.-?R%-2?-.$R%-3R-KA<-;R%-o-3-<J., %-&%-?/-0R-:.$ .R-.$R%-HJ.-=-#R3-0-;R.-.3,
Zhaxi: I'm free except having a little homework to do. =?-L-43-:VA-.$R?-0-3-$+R$?-%-=-#R3-
0-;R.,
Dorji: Then how about you bringing your homework to my home and we will do it.
HJ.-GA?-=?-L-%J.-5%-=-:HJ<-;R%-!J-%-5S?-3*3-.-VA?-/-&A-:S-<J.,
Zhaxi: When will I come? %-<%-/3-;R%-.$R?,
Dorji: It's up to you. .J-HR.-<%-$A?-vR?,
Zhaxi: What about seven thirty? (-5S.-2./-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-&A-:S-<J.,
Dorji: OK. See you soon! Bye! (R$-$A 3A-:I%?-2<-,$ 2.J-3R-LR?,
Zhaxi: See you soon! Bye! 3A-:I%?-2<-,$ 2.J-3R-LR?,
44
Unit 12 What can you see?
#J-5/-2&-$*A?-2, HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2,
1 What can you see in the picture? :S-0<-:.A:A-!J%-/?-HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2,
2 I can't find… %?…fJ.-.!:,
3 It's your turn now. .-/A-HR.-GA-<J?-=-22?-:.$
Grammar 2h-3R..!:-$/.,
1 Using "the" and "a". || "The".%-"a";A-2!R=-5=,
A… &A$ 8A$ >A$ The… L-.%R?-$%-8A$-%R?-:6B/-0:A-5B$-$A-}R/-.-.R<-.$R?,
1a I have a storybook. %-=-$+3-o.-GA-.0J-(-8A$-;R.,

I have the storybook. %-=-$+3-o.-GA-.0J-(-.J-;R.,
1b A: I can see a pen / a book / a watch / an eraser. %?-t$?-/$-&A$- / .0J-(-8A$- / (-5S.-(J/-
0R-8A$- / 2?2-:IA$-&A$-3,R%-,2,
B: Where is the pen / the book / the watch / the eraser? t$?-/$- / .0J-(- / (-5R.-(J/-0R-
/ 2?2-:IA$-.J-$%-.-;R.-.3,
A: It's on the teacher's desk .J-.$J-c/-IA-3./-&R$-!J%-.-;R.,
1c some pictures / the pictures :S-0<-:$:, / :S-0<-.J-.$
1d A: I can see some birds. %?-L-:$:-3,R%-,2,
B: Where are the birds? L-.J-.$-$%-.-;R.,
A: They are in the tree. .J-.$-#R%-3$R-/-;R.,
1 What can you see in the picture? :S-0<-:.A:A-!J%-HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2,
1a A: What can you see in the tent? 4-$<-.J:A-/%-.-HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2,
B: I can see a slingshot. %?-:<-(-8A$-3,R%-,2,
A: Where is the slingshot? :<- (- .J- $%- .- ;R.,
B: It's on the bed. .J-3=-OA:A-!J%-.-:.$
45
2 I can see some flowers. %?-3J-+R$-:$:-3,R%-,2,
…on the tree #R%-2R-=?-L%-2:A-:V?-2-!->-.%-=R-3-v-2-#R%-3$R-/-;R.-0-!R/-0:A-{2?-?-2!R=,. . .in
the tree#R-%-2R-=?-L%-2-3A/-0:A-.%R?-2R-.0J<-/, >R$-2-.%-L-?R$?-#R%-3$R<-;R.-0-!R/-0:A-{2?-?-2!R=-2->$?-(J:R,
2a A: What can you see in the garden? 3J-+R$-w3-G-:.A:A-/%-HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2,
B: I can see some trees. %?-#R%-2R-:$:-3,R%-,2,
A: What can you see on the trees? HJ.-GA?-#R%-3$R-/?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2,
B: I can see some red apples. %?-!->-.3<-0R-:$:-3,R%-,2,
2b What can you see in the tree? HR.-GA?-#R%-:$R-/?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2,
I can see some birds in the tree. %?-L-:$:-#R%-:$R-/-;R.-0-3,R%-,2,
3 I can't find the broom. Can you see it? %?-K$?-3-.J-3A-fJ.-$A HJ.-GA?-.J-3,R%-,2-23,

3a A: Excuse me, Lodan. I can't find the mop. Can you see it? A-<R$?-]R-w/, %?-<?-
K$?-.J-3A-fJ., HJ.-GA?-.J-3,R%-,2-23,
B: I'm sorry, I can't. Is it behind the door? .$R%?-0-3-5S3, %?-.J-3A-fJ.-$A .J-|R-:P3-.-;R.-
.3,
A: No, it isn't. 3J.-$A .J-|R-:P3-/-3J.-$A
B: Er, is it under the bed? .J-3=-OA:A-:R$-+-;R.-.3,
A: Yes, you're right. Thank you. ;R.-$A HJ.-GA?-2>.-0-2.J/-0-<J., 2!:-SA/-(J,
B: You're welcome. 2!:-SA/-8-3A-.$R?,
3b A: I can't find my notebook. %?-<%-$A-:VA-.J2-3A-fJ.-$A
B: I can see it. Look! It's over there, on the teacher's desk. %?-.J-<A$-,2, vR?-.%-, .J-
$/-/, .$J-c/-IA-3./-&R$-!J%-/-;R.-$A
A: Thank you. Oh! That's not my notebook. It's Drukar's. 2!:-SA/-(J, :R-.J-%:A-:VA-.J2-
3-<J., .J-1R=-.!<-IA-<J.,
4 Oh! That's not my pen. It's Lily's. AR-.J-%:A-t$?-/$-3-<J., .J-=J-=J:A-<J.,

4a Oh! That's not your fault. It's mine. .J-HR.-=2-0-3A/, %-=2-0-;A/,
5 It's your turn now. .-HJ.-GA-<J?-=-22?-:.$

5a Now it's your turn to tell us a story. .-/A-HR.-<%-$/:-$+3-2>.-0:A-<J?-=-22?-:.$
46
Unit 13 What colour is it?
#J-5/-2&-$?3-0, .J:A-#-.R$-&A-8A$-<J.,
1 What colour is it? It's red / black / white / blue / green / yellow / brown / orange. .J:A-
#-3.R$-&A-8A$-<J., .J-.3<-0R- / /$-0R- / .!<-0R- / }R/-0R- / u%-#- / ?J<-0R- / #3-/$- / .3<-?J<-<J.,
2 Which man? The one in / on the… 3A-$%-, …./%-$A- / .J:A-!J%-/-;R.-0-$/,
3 What is in my hand? %:A-=$-0:A-/%-/-&A-8A$-;R.,
4 What colour are they? .J-5S:C-#-3.R$-&A-8A$-<J.,
5 Can't you see? HJ.-GA?-3,R%-3A-,2-23,
6 What colour is the sky? The sky is blue. /3-3#:A-#-3.R$-&A-8A$-<J., /3-3#:-}R/-0R-<J.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Using "what is" and "who is." || "What is…".%-"who is"$*A?-GA-2!R=-!%?,
1 "What is"2!R=-/?-3A-8A$-$AA-=?-!-?R$?-:SA-2-!J-"…&A-8A$-<J.- / ;A/"8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-=, .0J<-/,
1a What colour is it? It's green. .J:A-#-.R$-&A-8A$-<J., .J-u%-#-<J.,

1b What colour is Cairang's Tibetan robe? It's blue and yellow. 5K-<A%-$A-2R.-H:A-3.R$-&A-
8A$-<J., .J-}R/-0R-.%-?J<-0R-<J.,
1c What colour are these / those? They are black. : .A- 5S: C- / .J- 5S: C- #- .R$- &A- 8A$- <J., .J- 5S- /$- 0R-
<J.,
2 "Who is…"2!R=-/?-3A-?-8A$-;A/-0-:SA-2-;A/-+J, .0J<-/,
2a Who is the boy? Which boy? The one wearing a red hat. Oh, he is Zhaxi. 8A-=-.J-?-
<J., 8A-=-$%-, E-3R-.3<-0R-IR/-;R.-0-.J, :R, #R-/A-2N->A?-<J.,
47
1 What colour is it? .J:A-#-3.R$-&A-8A$-<J.,
1a A: Hi! What colour is your family's tent? 6-;J, HJ.-5%-$A-4-$<-IA-#-3.R$-&A-;A/,
B: It's black. .J-/$-0R-;A/,
1b A: Do you know what colour my family's tent is? HR.-GA?-%J.-5%-$A-4-$<-IA-#-3.R$-&A-;A/-
0-AJ->J?,
B: No, I don't know. Is it black and white? 3A->J?, %?-3A->J?, .J-.!<-0R-.%-/$-0R-;A/-/3,
A: Yes, you are right. Good guess. ;A/, HJ.-GA?-5S.-.0$-L?-0-:PA$-:.$

2 What day is today? .J-<A%-<J?-$9:-.-2-<J.,

Today is Monday / Tuesday / Thursday. . . .J-<A%-/A-$9:-^-2- / 3A$-.3<- / 1<-2-. . .<J.,
3 Excuse me, Jim. Who's that man? A-<R$?-)J3, *J?-0-$/-?-<J.,

3a A: Excuse me, Cairang who's that boy? A-<R$?-5K-<A%-, 2-(%-$/-?-<J.,
B: Which boy? 2-(%-$%-,
A: The one on the black bike. t$?-g-/$-0R:C-!J%-$A-$/,
B: Oh, that's Dorji. :R, $/-hR-eJ-<J.,
4 Can't you see? They're boxes! HR.-GA?-3,R%-3A-,2-23, .J-.$-|3-(%-<J.,

4a A: What are these? :.A-.$-&AA-<J.,
B: Can't you see? They're boxes! HJ.-GA?-3A-3,R%-%3, .J-.$-|3-(%-<J.,
A: Yes, but what are in the boxes? <J.-;, :R/-G%-|3-.J-.$-$A-/%-/-&A-8A$-;R.,
B: Oh, shirts. :R, 5B-=J/-:$:-;R.,
A: What colour are they? .J-.$-$AA-#-3.R$-&A-;A/,
B: They're white. .!<-0R,
48
Unit 14 That's mine
#J-5/-2&-28A-2, .J-%:A-<J.,
1 Whose is this / that…? :.A- / .J-?:A-<J.,
2 Is it yours? No, it's not mine. :.A-HJ.-GA-AJ-<J., 3-<J., .J-%:A-3-<J.,
3 Let me see, please. %?-&A$-2v,
4 I think it's his / hers. %?-2v?-/-.J-#R:C- / #R-3R:C-<J.,
5 Put it on. .J-o2-+-IR/-<R$?, .J-o2-+-#R/-.%-,
6 Whose…are these? …:.A-.$-?:A-<J.,
1 Whose shirt is this? 5B-=J/-:.A-?:A-<J.,
1a Whose trousers are these? b%-$3-:.A-?:A-<J.,
They're the twins'. .J-.$-35K-3-.J-$*A?-GA-<J.,
2 You must look after your clothes. HJ.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-<%-$A-$R/-0<-2.$-$&J?-LJ.-.$R?,
Look after… 2.$-*R%-%3-2.$-$&J?,
2a You must look after the baby. HJ.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-LA?-0-:.A<-2.$-*R%-LJ.-.$R?,
2b You should look after the public things. HJ.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-,A:A-o-m?-=-2.$-$&J?-LJ.-.$R?,
3 They are on Mrs. Green's clothesline. .J-.$-t3-3R-$-<J/-IA-H-,$-!J%-.-:.$
3a There are many clothes on the students' clothesline. aR2-3:C-H-,$-!J%-.-H-2-3%-0R-;R.,
4 Is this yours, Lily? || =J-=J, :.A-HR.-GA--AJ-<J.,
4a A: Is this yours, Zhaxi? 2N->A?, :.A-HR.-GA-AJ-<J.,
B: No, it's not mine. It's hers. 3-<J., .J-%:A-3-<J., .J-#R-3R:C-<J.,
5 Let me see, please. No, it's not mine. I think it's his. %?-&A$-2v, 3-<J., .J-%:A-3-<J., %?-
2v?-/-.J-#R:A-<J.,
5a Teacher: Whose coat is this? Is this yours, Duden? : .A- ?: A- !R.-H- <J., !R2?- w/, : .A-HJ.-
GA-AJ-<J.,
Duden: Let me see, please. No, it's not mine. I think it's his. %?-&A$-2v, :R-.J-%:A-3-<J.,
%?-2v?-/-.J-#R:A-<J.,
49
Teacher: Whose? Hangdi's? ?:A, .2%-:.?-GA,
Duden: Yes. <J.-;,
Teacher: Hi, Hangdi. Come here. Is this yours? 7-;J, .2%-:.?, :.A<->R$-.%-, :.A-HJ.-
GA-AJ-<J.,
Hangdi: Yes, it's mine. :R-<J., .J-%:A-<J.,
Teacher: Here you are. Put it on, please. You must look after your clothes. :.A,
o2-+-IR/-<R$?, HJ.-GA?-%J?-0<-+-<%-$A-H-2<-2.$-$&J?-LJ.-.$R?,
Hangdi: Yes, thank you, Teacher. =$?-?R, .$J-c/-=$?, 2!:-SA/-(J,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
A
1 "Whose" /-"who".%-:VJ=-2:A-(R?-!R/-0-;A/-+J-"?:A"8J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-=-2!R=-5=-/A-$>3-v<,
:.A-?:A-E-<J., .J-#R:C-E-<J., / .J-#R:A-<J.,
1a Whose hat is this? It's his hat / It's his.
1b Whose pen is this? It's my pen. / It's mine. :.A-?:A-t$?-/$-<J., .J-%:A-t$?-/$-<J., / .J-
%:A-<J.,
2 Possessive Pronouns 2.$-.R/-IA-52-5B$
My They are my Tibetan robes. Mine They are mine.
%:A, .J-.$-%:A-2R.-H-;A/, %:A, .J-.$-%:A-;A/,
Your They are your Tibetan robes. Yours They are yours.
HR.-GA, .J-.$-HR.-GA-2R.-H-<J., HR.-GA, .J-.$-HR.-GA-<J.,
His They are his Tibetan robes. His They are his.
#R:C-, .J-.$-#R:C-2R.-H-<J., #R:C, .J-.$-#R:C-<J.,
Her They are her Tibetan robes. Hers They are hers.
3R:C, .J-.$-3R:C-2R.-H-<J., 3R:C, .J-.$-#R-3R:C-<J.,
Our They are our Tibetan robes. Ours They are ours.
%-5S:C, .J-.$-%-5S:C-2R.-H-;A/, %-5S:C, .J-.$-%-5S:C-;A/,
Your They are your Tibetan robes. Yours They are yours.
HR.-5S, .J-.$-HR.-5S:C-2R.-H-<J., HR.-5S:C, .J-.$-HR.-5S:C-<J.,
Their They are their Tibetan robes. Theirs They are theirs.
#R-5S:C, .J-.$-#R-5S:C-2R.-H-<J., #R-5S:C, .J-.$-#R-5S:C-<J.,
50
Unit 15 What's the time?
#J-5/-2&R-s, .?-5S.-.-<J.,
1 That's nice. .J-@-&%-;$-0R-:.$
2 Give it to Mr Hu. .J-{-82?-@:-=-!J<-<R$?,
3 What's the time? It's seven thirty. .?-5S.-.-<J., .?-5S.-2./-.%-{<-3-?3-&-<J.,
4 I don’t have a watch. %-=-(-5S.-3J.,
5 I must go. %-%J?-0<-.-:PR-.$R?,
1 What's the time? / What time is it? .?-5S.-.-<J.,
It's nine thirty. It's about nine thirty. It's nine o'clock. It's half past nine. It's five to
seven. .?- 5S.- .$- .%- {<- ?3- &- <J., 1=-(J<-.?-5S.-.$-.%-{<-3-?3-&-<J., .?-5S.-.$-<J., .?-5S.-.$-
.%-KJ.-!-<J., .?-5S.-2./-=-{<-3-s-(.,
2 Give it to Mr Hu. .J-{-82?-@:-=-!J<-<R$?,

2a Please give your grandfather the pipe. HJ.-GA-%R-2R<-G-4K-:.A-!J<-<R$?,
2b Please give the pipe to your grandfather. G-4K-:.A-HJ.-GA-%R-2R-=-!J<-<R$?,
3 I don't have a watch. %-=-(-5S.-3J.,

3a A: Excuse me, what time is it, please? A-<R$?-.?-5S.-.-<J.,
B: Sorry, I don't have a watch. I think it's about six o'clock. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, %-=-(-5S.-
3J., %?-2v?-/-1=-(J<-.?-5S.-S$-;A/-o-<J.,
C: Let me see. No, it's six eighteen. %?-&A$-2v, :R, 3-<J., .?-5S.-S$-.%-{<-3-2&R-2o.-<J.,
A: Oh, I must go home. :R, %-%J?-0<-+-HA3-=-:PR-.$R?,
4 Put your shoes on. Take your shoes off. HR.-GA?-<%-$A-z3-IR/-<R$?, HR.-GA?-<%-$A-z3-1.-<R$?,

4a Put on your shoes. Take off your shoes. HR.-GA?-<%-$A-z3-IR/-<R$?, HR.-GA?-<%-$A-z3-1.-
<R$?,
4b Put your coat on. Take your coat off. HR.-GA?-<%-$A-!R.-H-IR/-<R$?, HR.-GA?-<%-$A-!R.-H-1.-
<R$?,
51
#J-5/-2&-S$-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,
1 They look young. #R-5S<-2v?-5S.-GA?-=R-/-$8R/,
2 See you soon! M<-.-3)=-:R%-,
3 What is the date today? Today is April first, 2000. .J-<A%-5K?-2-.-<J., .J-<A%-/A-,A-=R-*A?-!R%-=R:C-
^-28A-2:A-5J?-$&A$-<J.,
4 When is your birthday? My birthday is July second. HJ.-GA-*J?-{<-/3-;A/, %:A-*J?-{<-/A-^-
2./-0:A-5K?-$*A?-;A/,
1 Her skirt is on her bed. 3R:A-(.-$;R$?-3R:C-*=-OA:A-!J%-.-;R.,
…on the bed….J-/A-$%-9$-$-$J-3R-8A$-*=-OA:A-!J%-.-%=-$?R-2-?R$?-GA-(J.-.-:UJ.-.-*=-;R.-0-=?-!J%-
*=-$R?-?R$?-GA?-$;R$?-3J.-0:A-{2?-?-2!R=-2-;A/, …in bed….J-/A-$%-9$-$-$J-3R-8A$-$A?-!J%-.-*=-$R?-
IA?-$;R$?->A%-:UJ.-.-*=-;R.-0<-$R
1a He is on the bed. #R-*=-OA:A-!J%-.-:.$
1b He is in the bed. #R-*=-:.$
2 Yes, it's an old photo of my family. <J.-;, .J-/A-%:A-HA3-5%-$A-:S-0<-fA%-2-8A$-<J.,

2a A: What's this? Is this a picture of Xiaqong Monastery? :.A-&A-8A$-<J., :.AA-L-H%-.$R/-
0:A-:S-0<-8A$-AJ-<J.,
A: What's that? $/-&A-8A$-<J.,
B: Oh, it's an old picture of this monastery a long time ago. Are they the same or
different? :R, .J-/A-.$R/-0-:.A:A-=R-3%-}R/-IA-:S-0<-fA%-2-8A$-<J., .J-5S-$&A$-:S-<J.-.3-3-<J.,
A: They're quite different. Look, in the old picture the buildings are very nice and
vivid. But there are no nice buildings in the new picture, right? .J-5S-$+/-/?-3A-:S,
vR?-.%-, :S-0<-fA%-2-.J:A-!J%-$A-#%-2-36K?-=-$?R/-*3?-w/-3R., :R/-G%-:S-0<-$?<-2-.J:A-!J%-.-
#%-2-;$-0R-$&A$-G%-3A-:.$ .J-:S-8A$-AJ-<J.,
B: Yes, it's true. <J.-;, .J-2.J/-0-<J.,
52
3 Solve this puzzle. .!:-$/.-$?J=-2NR=,
…solve… ,$-$&R.-0,
3a Solve this problem. $/.-.R/-:.A-,$-$A?-$&R.-0,
4 They look young! #R-5S<-2v?-5S.-GA?-=R-/-$8R/,

…look… 2v?-/,
4a You look hungry. HR.-=-2v?-5S.-GA?-vR$?-:.$
4b He looks drunk. #R<-2v?-5S.-GA?-29A-:.$
4c You look fine. HR.-=-2v?-5S.-GA?-@-&%-2.J-3R-<J.,
5 When is Tibetan New Year? Tibetan New Year is February first. 2R.-GA-=R-$?<-/3-<J.,
2R.-GA-=R-$?<-/A-^-$*A?-0:A-5K?-$&A$-*A/-<J.,
53
Students' Book 1B
.J2-.%-0R:A-(.-(,

54
Unit 17 Could you help me, please?
#J-5/-2./-0, HJ.-GA?-%-=-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23,
Dialogue #-2h,
Lhomotso: Good morning, Losang. ]R-29%-, 8R$?-0-29%-,
Losang: Good morning, Lhomotso. z-3R-35S, 8R$?-0-29%-,
Lhomotso: I have to herd the yaks on the mountain, but there are so many. Could you
help me, please? %?-<A-3$R-/?-/R<-:.A-.$-:5S-.$R?-3R., :R/-G%-/R<-@-&%-3%-, HJ.-GA?-%-
=-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23,
Losang: Certainly, I'd like to. =R?-,2, %?-HJ.-=-<R$?-LJ.-:.R.,
Lhomotso: Thanks, Losang. ]R-29%-, 2!:-SA/-(J,
Losang: You're welcome. I'm happy to go with you. Let's be off. 2!:-SA/-8-3A-.$R?, %-HR.-
.%-3*3-.-:PR-2<-.$:-2-*J?, :-$*A?-:PR
1 Could you help me, please? HJ.-GA?-%-=-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23,
1a Could you help me roast this sack of barley, please? HJ.-GA?-%-=-/?-+J-3R-$%-0R-:.A-2}R-
<R$?-LJ.-,2-23,
1b Could you help me fetch some firewood? HJ.-GA?-%-=-:2.->A%-:,-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23,
1c Could you help me to give this letter to her? HJ.-GA?-%-=-;A-$J-:.A-#R-3R<-!J<-<R$?-LJ.-,2-
23,
2 Certainly. =R?-,2,
2a Certainly, I'd like to. =R?-,2, %-.J-=-.$:-2-;A/,
2b Certainly, let me help you. =R?-,2, %?-HJ.-=-<R$?-LJ.,
2c Certainly, it would be my pleasure. =R?-,2, .J-/A-%:A-.$:-$%-;A/,
3 You're welcome. [You're / You are] 2!:-SA/-8-3A-.$R?-=$?, *R/-3J.,
55
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Adjectives (R?-2eR.-GA-5B$
(R?-2eR.-GA-5B$-/A-3A-.%-L-.%R?-$%-8A$-$A-H.-(R?-2eR.-0:A-5B$-;A/-+J, <A%-2-.%-, ,%-2, ^3-0-.%-36K?-0-
?R$?-?R, .0J<-/,
1a Dondrup's home is far. .R/-:P2-GA-;=-/A-,$-<A%-0R-:.$
1b Cumu's home is near. 35S-3R:C-;=-/A-,$-*J-0R-:.$
1c He is happy. #R-.$:-:.$
1d She is sad. #R-3R-*R-:.$
1e Two people are few. 3A-$*A?-/A-*%-0R-<J.,
1f Twenty people are many. 3A-*A->-/A-3%-0R-<J.,
1g A horse is a big animal. g-/A-YR$-($?-(J/-0R-8A$-<J.,
1h An ant is a small animal. PR$-3-/A-YR$-($?-(%-(%-8A$-<J.,
1i This sack is full. +J-3R-:.A-2!%-:.$
1j That sack is empty. +J-3R-$/-!R%-2-<J.,
1k The full sack is heavy. 2!%-;R.-0:A-+J-3R-.J-uA.-3R-<J.,
1l The empty sack is light. +J-3R-!R%-2-.J-;%-3R-<J.,
56
Unit 18 Look after your things!
#J-5/-2&R-2o.-0, <%-$A-.%R?-0R-=-2.$-$*J<-LR?,
Dialogue #-2h,
Doma: Could you help me, Dorji? hR-eJ, HJ.-GA?-%-=-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23,
Dorji: Certainly. What's wrong? =R?-,2, &A-8A$-L%-?R%-,
Doma: I missed three goats down in the gully. It's getting dark now. I'm afraid to go
there alone. %?-(.-GA-=%-2-$/-/?-<-3-$?3-2R<-?R%-, .-?-<2-=-*J-2?-%-$&A$-0-.J<-:PR-o<-0$-$A
Dorji: Don't worry. I can help you. Let's go together. ?J3?-#<-3-LJ., %?-HR.-=-<R$?-LJ.-(R$
%J.-&$-3*3-.-:PR,
Doma: Thank you very much. 2!:-SA/->A/-+-(J,
Dorji: Nevermind. Let's be off now. .J-v<-3-2>.-=$?, .-:-$*A?-:PR
1 What's wrong? &A-8A$-L%-?R%-,
1a What's wrong with the horse? g-:.A-=-&A-8A$-L%-?R%-,
1b What's wrong with your lover? HJ.-GA-.$:-<R$?-=-&A-8A$-L%-?R%-,
1c What's wrong with her / him / you / them / it? 3R<- / #R<- / HR.-=- / #R-5S<- / .J<-&A-
8A$-L%-?R%-,
2 I am afraid (be afraid of...) %-0$-$A(...=-0$-0)

2a I am afraid of ghosts. %-:SJ-=-0$-$A
2b I am afraid of snakes. %-4=-=-0$-$A

2c I am afraid to go to such a dangerous place. %-.J-:S:A-*J/-#-(J-?:A-?-(-8A$-=-:PR-o<-0$
3 Don't worry. ?J3?-#<-3-LJ.,

3a Don't worry about that. .J:A-KR$?-=-?J3?-#<-3-LJ.,
3b Don't worry about me. %:A-KR$?-=-?J3?-#<-3-LJ.,
3c Don't worry about this matter. .R/-:.A:A-KR$?-=-?J3?-#<-3-LJ.,
57
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Subject $4S-5B$ Object L-2:A-;=-IA-5B$
I, you, they, we, she, he, it me, you, them, us, her, him, it
I'm a student. %-/A-aR2-3-8A$-;A/, Please help me. %-=-<R$?-LR?-.%-,
You're American. HR.-/A-A-<A-2-8A$-<J., Can I help you? %?-HR.-=-<R$?-LJ.-.$R?-?3,
They're poor. #R-5S-/A-.2=-2R-<J., Let's help them. :-5S?-#R-5S<-<R$?-LJ.,
We're farmers. %-5S-/A-8A%-2-;A/, Can you help us? HR.-5S?-%J.-&$-=-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23,
She's Tibetan. 3R-/A-2R.-<J., I want to talk to her. %?-3R<-#-2h-LJ.-:.R.,
He's English. #R-/A-.LA/-)A-2-<J., Please believe him. #R-=-;A.-(J?-LR?-.%-,
It's a cat. .J-/A-LA-=-8A$-<J., Can you catch it? HR.-GA?-.J-:6B/-,2-23,
58
Unit 19 Food and drink
#J-5/-2&-.$-2, 29:-2+%-,
Dialogue #-2h,
Yongtso: Hello, Renchin! How are you today? 6-;J, <A/-(J/, .J-<A%-HR.-&A-:S-<J.,
Renchin: Fine, thanks. And you? 29%-$A, 2!:-SA/-(J, HR.-29%-%3,
Yongtso: I'm fine too. Would you like something to drink? What about a cup of milk
tea? %-;%-29%-, HR.-GA-2+%-2-8A$-:,%-:.R.-.3, :R-)-1R<-2-$%-:,%-/-&A-:S-<J.,
Renchin: OK. What about you, Yongtso? (R$-$A $;%-35S, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-:,%-/-:.R.,
Yongtso: I'd like a cup of cold water. What about something to eat? %?-(-:H$?-1R<-2-
$%-:,%-/-:.R., 9-3-:S-9R?-/-&A-:S-<J.,
Renchin: Some tsamba, please. l3-0-:HJ<->R$-=$?,
Yongtso: Here it is, help yourself. :.A, HR.-<%-$A?-9R,
Renchin: Thanks. 2!:-SA/-(J,
Yongtso: Never mind. .J-v<-2>.-3A-.$R?,

1 Would you like...? HR.-...=-.$:-:3,
1a Would you like some tea? HR.-GA?-)-:,%-:.R.-.3, No, thanks. 3A-:,%-, 2!:-SA/-(J,
1b Would you like mutton or pork? HR.-GA?-=$->-9-:.R.-.3-1$->-9-:.R.,
Either will be fine, madam. t3-3R-=$?, $%-;A/-G%-(R$
2 What would you like? HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-:,%-:.R.,

I'd like a bowl of yoghurt, please. %?-8R-.!<-;R=-$%-:,%-:.R.,
2a What would you like to eat, mutton or beef? HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-9-:.R., {3->:3-=$->,
I'd like some mutton, please. %?-=$->-9R?-/-:.R.-=$?,
What about some fruit? >A%-+R$-:S-9R?-/-&A-:S-<J.,
OK, I'd like some apples. (R$-$AA %?-!->-:$:-9-:.R.,

59
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Articles: "a," "an," "the."
.3A$?-?-:6B/-0:A-;A-$J-"a".%-"an, the"2&?-/A-3A%-5B$-$A-}R/-.-2!R=-=, 3A%-5B$-/A-?-(:3, 3A, .%R?-
0R-$%-<%-8A$-$A-3A%-=-9J<-8A%-, :.A-.$-$A-2!R=-!%?-/A-$>3-IA-<J:-3A$-=?-$?=,
"a"/A-3A%-5B$-$A-,R$-3-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-;A/-0:A-}R/-.-2!R=- 1. She is a beautiful girl.

2. He is a handsome boy.
.$R?, .0J<-/, a banana, a yak, a piece of bread, a 3. A monkey ate a banana.
box of matches
"an"/A-3A%-5B$-$%-8A$-$A-}R/-3-.L%?-;A$-!J-"a''.%-"e" 1. An old man eats an ice-cream.
2. I have an eraser.
"i" "u" "o"2&?-;A/-0:A-}R/-.-2!R=-.$R?, An apple, 3. She has got an ugly face.
an ice-cream, an old man, an ugly face, and an 4. It's an apple.
eraser. 3A%-5B$-=?-5B$-3$R-"u"&/-=-1-/ju:/=J/-.?, 5. He works at a university.
6. It's a usual job.
}R/-.-"a''2!R=, A university, a usual day. 5B$-3$R- 7. The meeting lasts an hour.
8. Kevin is an honourable teacher.
"h'';A/-0:A-3A%-5B$-#->?-=?- "h''1-3A-=J/-0:A-{2?-?-%-
9. He is an honest man.
5S?-3A%-5B$-.J-.$-$A-}R/-=-"an"2!R=-.$R?, an hour, an
honest man, and an honour
"the"/A-.R/-.$-$3-L-.%R?-$%-<%-8A$-.3A$?-?-:6B/-0:A- There is a tree. Under the tree there
is an old man smoking a pipe.
{2?-?-.J:A-}R/-.-2!R=-2-8A$-;A/,
a banana a book a yak

a piece of bread a box of matches a beautiful girl
an orange an apple an old man
2 some :$:-8A$-&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-+J-3A%-5B$-$A-}R/-.-.<-/,
some cakes some eggs some tsamba
some bread some rice some meat
3 How many horses can you see? HR.-GA?-g-$-5S.-3,R%-,2,

3a I can see three. %?-g-$?3-3,R%-,2,
3b I can see some. %?-g-:$:-3,R%-,2,
3c I can't see any. %?-g-$&A$-G%-3,R%-3A-,2,
60
Unit 20 Playing games
#J-5/-*A->-0, lJ.-:)R<-<R=-2,
Dialogue #-2h,
Huamo: Hello, Zhaxi, how are you doing? 6-;J, 2N->A?, HR.-2.J-=$?,
Zhaxi: I'm OK, how about you? %-2.J-0R-:.$ HR.-29%-%3,
Huamo: Not bad. What's that in your hand? 3A-29%-o-3J., HJ.-GA-=$-$A-.J-&A-;A/,
Zhaxi: This is a kite. Can you fly a kite? :.A-/A->R$-L-8A$-;A/, HR.-GA?->R$-L-$+R%->J?-?3,
Huamo: Let me try. Like this? %?-5S.-2v-&A$-LJ., :.A-v<-<J.-.3,
Zhaxi: No, don't fly it like that. Fly it like this. .J-v<-3-$+R%-, :.A-v<-,R%?,
Huamo: OK, thanks. :R, <J., 2!:-SA/-(J,
Zhaxi: Look! Huamo. There are many people over there. .0:-3R, vR?-.%-, $/-/-3A-3%-0R-
:.$
Huamo: Oh, are there any children? :R, $/-/-LA?-0-;R.-.3,
Zhaxi: Yes, there are. There are some children playing games. Shall we go and join
them? $/-/-LA?-0-;R., $/-/-LA?-0-:$:-lJ.-:)R<-<R=-28A/-$.:, :-$*A?-!-?R%-/?-#R-5S:A-P?-?-
8$?-/-&A-:S-<J.,
Huamo: Great, let's go. %R-3-29%-$A :-$*A?-!-:PR-;,
1 How are you? I am OK / not bad. HR.-2.J:3, %-29%-0R-:.$ / 3A-29%-o-3J.,
1a How is Lhomotso? She's great / fine. z-3R-5S-)A-:S-<J., 3R-@-&%-29%-0R-:.$
2 Can you do…. . ? HR.-GA?-...LJ.-,2-23,
2a Can you ride a horse? HR.-g<-8R/-,2-23,
Yes, I can. ,2, %-g<-8R/-,2,
3 Don't do it like that. .J-v<-3-LJ.-=$?,
3a Don't speak like that, please speak slowly. {.-(-.J-v<-3-2>., .=-3R<->R.-.%-,
3b Don't eat like that, please eat like this. .J-v<-3-9, :.A-v<-9R-=$?,
4 How many children are there? $/-/-LA?-0-.-;R.,
There are no children / none. .J-/-LA?-0-3J., / $&A$-G%-3J.,

There is only one child. .J-/-LA?-0-$&A$-;R.,
61
4a How many yaks does your family have? HR.-5%-=-/R<-.-;R.,
Our family has thirty yaks. %J.-5%-=-/R<-?3-&-;R.,
4b Are there any wolves in this place? ?-:.A-/-,%-!A-;R.-.3,
Yes, there are some. ;R., :$:-<J-;R.,
4c How many Tibetan Buddhist sects are there? 2R.-2o.-/%-2!/-IA-P2-3,:-.-;R.,
There are mainly four sects. P2-3,:-$4S-2R-28A-;R.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
"There + be"/A-;=-$-$J-3R-8A$-/-3A:3, L-.%R?-$%-<%-8A$-;R.-0-!R/,
a. There is a map of Tibet on the wall. I%-%R?-/-2R.-uR%?-GA-?-O-8A$-;R.,
b. There are three keys in her pocket. 3R:C-#$-3:A-/%-wJ-3A$-$?3-;R.,
c. There is nothing in the box. |3-(%-:.A:A-/%-.-&A-;%-3A-:.$
n%-5B$ 3%-5B$
one/a yak two yaks
one/a pen some pens ,A<-2+%-$A-3A%-5B$-$A-3)$-=-"-s".R<-.$R?,
one/a rabbit three rabbits
one/a house four houses
baby babies 3A%-5B$-$A-3)$-/AA-"$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-"+-y"v<-P2-;R.-/-.J:A-3%-5B$-i3-
city cities
0-/A-"-y" .J-"-i"2+<-eJ?, "-es".R<-.$R?,
boy boys 3A%-5B$-$A-3)$-/A-".L%?-;A$-+-y"v<-P2-;R.-/-.J:A-3%-5B$-$A-i3-0-
key keys
/A-,.-!<-"-s".R<-.$R?,
wife wives 3A%-5A$-$A-3)$-/A-"-fe":3-;%-/-"-f";A/-.?-.J:A-3%-5B$-i3-0-/A-"-
thief thieves
f" .J-"-v" =-2+<-eJ?-"-es".R<-.$R?,
dish dishes 3A%-5A$-$A-3)$-/A-"-sh -ch -ss -x"2&?-GA-P2-;R.-/, .J-.$-$A-3%-

match matches
class classes 5B$-i3-0-/A-,.-!<-"-es".R<-.$R?-+J, 1-=J/-!%?-/A-/iz/v<-;A/,
box boxes
tomato tomatoes 3A%-5B$-$A-5B$-3)$-/AA-"$?=-LJ.-;A-$J"+-o";A/-.?, .J:A-3%-5B$-i3-
potato potatoes
zoo zoos 0-/A-3)$-+-"-es".R<-.$R?-=, 5B$-3)$-/A-.L%?-;A$-;A/-.?-%-5S?-
radio radios ,.-!<-"-s".R<-.$R?,
62
Unit 21 What are you doing?
#J-5/-*J<-$*A?-0, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-GA/-;R.,
Dialogue #-2h,
Sonym: Hello, Uncle Dunba, where are you going? 6-;J, A-#-!R/-0, HJ.-$%-=-:PR-28A/-;R.,
Uncle Dunba: I'm going to watch sheep on the mountain. How about you? %-<A-:$R<-=$-
:5S-2<-:PR-28A/-;R., :R-/-HR.-$%-=-:PR-2-;A/,
Sonym: I'm going to visit Drongker. Is she at home? %-1R/-.!<-=-353?-:SA-LJ.-.-:PR-2-;A/,
3R-;=-/-;R.-.3,
Uncle Dunba: Yes, she is at home. ;R.-$A 3R-;=-/-;R.-$A
Sonym: What is she doing at home? 3R?-;=-/-&A-8A$-LJ.-GA/-;R.,
Uncle Dunba: Well, her grandmother is telling her the story of Gesar. :R, 3R:A-kR-3R?-#R-
3R<-$J-?<-1%-2>.-GA/-:.$
Sonym: Oh, I'd like to hear that. It's getting late, I must hurry. See you. :R, %?-.J<-*/-
:.R., .-:$R<-,=, %-M<-.-:PR eJ?-/?-3)=,
Uncle Dunba: See you later. eJ?-/?-,$
1 Where are you going? HR.-$%-=-:PR-28A/-;R.,
I'm going home. %-;=-=-:PR-28A/-;R.,
1a Where is Lhamo going? z-3R-$%-=-:PR-2-<J.,
She is going to the hospital. 3R-(/-#%-.-:PR-28A/-;R.-0-<J.,
1b Where are the monks going? 9-2-5S-$%-=-:PR-28A/-;R.,
They are going to the temple. #R-5S-z-#%-/%-.-:PR-28A/-;R.,

2 What are they doing? #R-5S?-&A-8A$-LJ.-28A/-;R.,
They are going to school. #R-5S-aR2-9<-:PR-28A/-;R.,
2a Losang is listening to some music. ]R-29%-$A?-<R=-.L%?-=-*/-28A/-:.$
2b Huadan is playing with a girl. .0=-w/-LA-3R-8A$-.%-3*3-.-lJ.-28A/-:.$
2c Cumu is drawing some pictures. 35S-3R?-<A-3R-:$:-:VA-28A/-$.:,
63
3 Are they at home? #R-5S-;=-/-;R.-.3,
3aYangjian is at home. .L%?-&/-;=-/-;R.,
3b Yondan is not at home. ;R/-+/-;=-/-3J.,
3c Danzen is in the mountains. 2!/-:6B/-<A-3$R-/-;R.,
3d Lhomotso is in her bed, listening to the radio. z-3R-35S?-3=-OA:A-/%-1-#.-:#R<-=R<-*/-
28A/-:.$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
"Present Continuous Tense" LJ.-28A/-.-v-2-/A-"am/is/are+verb+ing";A-i3-0?-P2-0-8A$-
!J, :.A-/A-L-2-$%-8A$-$A-o/-3-(.-0<-LJ.-28A/-0:A-|%-%3-.?-;/-%J?-&/-8A$-$A-/%-.-L-2-LJ.-28A/-0:3-L%-2-
2eR.-0:A-i3-0-8A$-=-9J<-8A%-2!R=-5=-/A-$>3-IA-<J:-3A$-=?-$?=,
Present Continuous Tense (statement form). LJ.-28A/-.-v-2:A-i3-0,($?=-2>.-GA-i3-0)

I am dancing.
She /He is singing.
Duden is studying.
Present Continuous Tense (question form). LJ.-28A/-.-v-2:A-i3-0,(SA-2:A-i3-0)

Are you / we smoking?
Is he / she talking?
Is Duden coming?
Is it moving?
64
Unit 22 Let's go to school today!
#J-5/-*J<-$?3-0, .J-<A%-aR2-9<-:PR
The days of the week. $9:-2./-0R,
Monday $9:-^-2, Tuesday $9:-3A$-.3<, Wednesday $9:-z$-0,
Thursday $9:-1<-2, Friday $9:-0-?%?, Saturday $9:-%J/-0,
Sunday $9:-*A-3,
1aA: What day is (it) tomorrow? ?%-*A/-$9:-&A-<J.,

B: It's Tuesday. ?%-*A/-$9:-3A$-.3<-<J.,
1b Cumu: Hi, Danzen! What day is it today? 7J, 2!/-:6B/, .J-<A%-$9:-&A-<J.,

Danzen: Today is Sunday. .J-<A%-$9:-*A-3-<J.,
Cumu: Oh, let's go to the park. :R, %J.-&$-,A-\A%-.-:PR,
Danzen: OK, let's go. 29%-$A %J.-&$-:PR
1c Dorji: Hey, Dawa! Do you have an eraser? 7J, ^-2, HR.-=-2?2-:IA$-&A$-AJ-;R.,

Dawa: Yes, I do. But it's not good. ;R., %-=-;R., :R/-G%-.J-%?-29%-3A/,
Dorji: That's OK. Can I borrow it? .J<-*R/-3J., %-=-$;<-(R$-$3,
Dawa: Certainly! But give it back soon. =R?-(R$ :R/-G%-KA<-M<-2<-3R.-&A$
Dorji: OK! Thanks very much. 2!:-SA/->A/-.-(J,
Dawa: Nevermind. :6K3-3A-.$R?,

1 What day is it today / tomorrow? .J-<A%- / ?%-*A/-$9:-.-<J.,
It's Wednesday. $9:-z$-0-<J.,
It's Thursday. $9:-1<-2-<J.,
1a What are you going to do on Friday? $9:-0-?%?-$A-*A/-HR.-GA?-&A-L-lA?-;R.,
I am going to have a date with my girlfriend on Friday afternoon. %?-%:A-.$:-<R$?-
=-$9:-0-?%?-GA-KA-SR<-.?->A$-2+2-;R.,
65
1b What is he going to do on Sunday? $9:-*A-3:A-*A/-#R?-&A-8A$-L-o-<J.,
He is going to visit his dear teacher on Sunday. #R-<%-#R:C-2lJ-2:A-.$J-c/-=-:53?-:SA-LJ.-
.-:PR-o-<J.,
2 Can I borrow your…. ? %?-HR.-GA-...$;<-(R$-$3,
2a Can I borrow your ruler / pencil / eraser? %?-HJ.-GA-OJ-4K- / 8-/$- / 2?2-:IA$-$;<-(R$-

$3,
Certainly / Sure / Of course. =R?-(R$
2b Can I borrow some money from her? %?-#R-3R:C-=$-/?-|R<-3R-:$:-$;<-(R$-$3
No, you can't. She doesn't have any money. 3A-(R$ HR.-GA?-.J-v<-LJ.-3A-(R$ 3R<-|R<-3R-
$&A$-G%-3J.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Possessive Pronouns 2h-3R.-=?-2.$-1:A-52-5B$
1 3A%-5B$-$A-}R/-.-2.$-1:A-52-5A$-.R<-5=,
My This is my book.
Your Is this your hat?
His These are his shoes.
Our Is this our classroom?
Her Are these her pencil boxes?
Their Are those their cars?
2 3A%-5B$-$A-eJ?-?:3-3A%-5B$-3J.-0:A-{2?-?-2!R=-5=,
Mine This is mine. Yours Is this yours?
His These are his. Hers Are these hers?
Ours It's ours. Theirs These are theirs.
you
we Yes, you / we / I / they / the
I students do.
Do they have some money?
the students No, you / we / I / they don't.
she
Does have any English books? Yes, she / he / Cairang does.
he No, she / he / Cairang

Cairang doesn't.
66
Unit 23 Where are you from?
#J-5/-*J<-28A-0, HR.-$%-$A-;A/,
Dialogue #-2h,
Lodan: Excuse me! Where are you from? .$R%?-0-3-5S3, HJ.-$%-$A-;A/,
Kevin: I'm from America, how about you? Are you from Xunhua? %-A-3J-<A-#-/?-;A/, :R-
/-HR.-$%-$A-;A/, HR.-8R/-K-/?-AJ-;A/,
Lodan: No, I'm not from Xunhua. I'm from Jiantsa. 3A/, %-8R/-K-/?-3A/, %-$&/-5:A-;A/,
Kevin: Are you a student? HR.-<%-aR2-3-8A$-AJ-;A/,
Lodan: Yes, I am a student in Malho Normal School. ;A/, %-k-zR-3A-<A$?-.$J-,R/-aR2-9:A-aR2-3-
8A$-;A/,
Kevin: Oh, how is your written Tibetan? :R, HR.-GA-2R.-;A$-$A-(-5.-&A-:S-;A/,
Lodan: Just so-so. Do you speak Tibetan? 29%-o-3J., HJ.-GA?-2R.-{.-2>.-AJ->J?,
Kevin: Only a little. &%-43-2>.->J?,
Lodan: Do you like Tibetan places? HR.-<%-2R.-;=-=-.$:-:3,
Kevin: Of course. Very much. They are great! =R?-.$:, .J-.$-.%R?-$/?-36K?-0R-:.$
Lodan: What do you like about Tibet? HJ.-<%-2R.-;=-IA-&A-8A$-=-.$:-0R-:.$
Kevin: I like the scenery, the people, customs, and so on. %- <%- 2R.- GA- ;=- uR%?- .%- 3A, ;=- YR=-
$R3?-$>A?-?R$?-=-.$:-0R-:.$
Lodan: OK! Thank you for talking to me. I'll visit you someday. See you later! 29%-$A
HJ.-GA?-%-=-#-2h-L?-0<-2!:-SA/-(J-8, *A/-8A$-%-HJ.-=-v-2<-;R%-, eJ?-?-3)=,
Kevin: See you soon! 3A-:I%?-2<-3)=,

1 Where are you from? / Where do you come from? HJ.-GA-1-;=-$%-;A/, HR.-$%-$A-;A/-/3,
I'm from Ganzi. / I come from Ganzi. %:A-1-;=-.!<-36K?-;A/, %-.!<-36K?-/?-;A/,
67
2 Are you a farmer? No, I'm not. I'm a teacher. / I am a graduate student. HR.-?R-/3-0-8A$-
;A/-/3, 3A/, %-.$J-c/-8A$-;A/, / %-8A2-:)$-aR2-3-8A$-;A/,
3 Do you speak English? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. HJ.-GA?-.LA/-{.-2>.->J?-?3, >J?, %?->J?, /

3A->J?, %?-3A->J?,
3a Does he speak Tibetan? #R?-2R.-{.-2>.->J?-?3,
No, he doesn't. He only speaks English. 3A->J?, #R?-2>.-3A->J?, #R?-.LA/-{.-$&A$-0R-=?-
2>.-3A->J?,
4 What do you like about the book? HJ.-<%-.0J-(-:.A:A-&A-8A$-=-.$:-0R-:.$

I like the sentences and the pictures. %-<%-5B$-P2-:.A-.$-.%-<A-3R-:.A-.$-=-.$:,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
The present Indefinite Tense %J?-3J.-.-v-2,
"Where".%-"When" "what"2&?- "Be, do".%-3*3-.-:SA-5B$-$A-i3-0?-2!R=-5=,
SA-2:A-5B$ + be + $4S-5B$ SA?-=/-i3-0,

a) Where is Kumbum Monastery? Kumbum is in Huangzhong.
b) Where are the students? The students are in the classroom.
c) When is your birthday? My birthday is on July 3rd.
d) What is her name? Her name is Sally.
SA-2:A-5B$ + do + $4S-5B$ + =?-5B$-$4S-2R, SA?-=/-i3-0,
e) Where do you live? I live in Ziling.
f) When does Danba study? He studies in the mornings.
g) What do donkeys eat? Donkeys eat leaves.
h) What time does the bus leave? The bus leaves at twelve o'clock.
68
Unit 24 What do you like?
#J-5/-*J<-s-0, HR.-&A-8A$-=-.$:-2-;A/,
Dialogue #-2h,
Nyingkar: What do you like (eating), Pencu? 1/-5S$?, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-(9-):.R.,
Pencu: I like beef the most (a lot). I don't like fish and I like fruits a little. %-<%-((J?).$:-
2- /A-{3->-;A/-=, ?A=-+R$-=-&%-.$:-8A%-*->-=-3A-.$:,
Nyingkar: What about your mother? Does she like fish? HR.-GA-A-3-&A-:S-<J., 3R-<%-*->-=-.$:
:3,
Pencu: No, she doesn't. She doesn't like fish at all. She likes candy and fruits a lot and
she likes potatoes too. What about you? 3R-<%-*->-=-$+/-/?-3A-.$:, 3R-<%-!-<-.%-?A=-
+R$-=-@-&%-.$:-=-8R$-#R$-=-;%-.$:, :R-/-HJ.-<%-,
Nyingkar: I like butter, milk tea, and yoghurt. Also, I like smoking tobacco. It's a
simple pleasure for me. %-3<-.%-:R-), 8R-=-.$:-2<-3-9., .-2-:,J/-0<-;%-.$:, %-=-35S/-
/-.J-/A-2.J-*A.-&A$-<J.,

1 What do you like (eating)? HR.-&A-8A$-(9-2<).$:,
I like (eating) mutton. I like tsamba. %-=$->- / l3-0-(9-2<-).$:,
2 What do you like (doing)? HR.-&A-8A$-LJ.-o<-.$:,

I like riding horses / yaks. %-g-.%-$;$-=-8R/-o<-.$:,
I like doing my homework. %-<%-$A-=?-L-:VA-2<-.$:,
I like being with my lover in the garden. %-%:A-.$:-<R$?-.%-3*3-.-3J-+R$-G-2:A-/%-.-:.$-o<-
.$:,
3 Does Uncle Dunba like making jokes? A-#-!R/-0-!-<J-lJ.-o<-AJ-.$:,

Yes, he does. He likes making jokes. .$:-2-<J., #R-!-<J-lJ.-o<-.$:,
No, he doesn't like to. He doesn't like making jokes. 3A-.$:, #R-!-<J-lJ.-o<-3A-.$:,
He likes gambling. #R-<%->R-o$-0<-.$:,
69
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
"Do".%-"does"$*A?-GA- 2!R=-5=,
,A<-2+%-$A-i3-0"do / does+$4S-5B$+=?-5B$"
Do you speak English?
Yes, we/I do.
No, we/I don't.
you you
we we
Do I have some money? Yes, I do/don't.
they students
students they
Does she / he / Lhomotso speak English?

No, she / he / Lhomotso doesn't speak English.
Yes, she / he / Lhomotso speaks English.
she
Yes, she / he / Cairang does.
Does he have any English
books?
Cairang No, she / he / Cairang doesn't.
Do you like cooking? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
herding yaks?
reading newspapers? Yes, I do.
Do you like singing love songs? No, I don't.
riding horses?
70
Unit 25 People and work
#J-5/-*J<-S$ 3A-.%-L-2,
Dialogue #-2h,
Gunchu: Good afternoon! Mr Peet, where are you from? KA-SR-29%-, {-82?-1J-OA, HR.-$%-$A-;A/,
Mr Peet: I'm from America. %-A-3J-<A-#:A-;A/,
Gunchu: What do you do? HR.-GA-L-2-&A-8A$-;A/,
Mr Peet: I am an English teacher. %-.LA/-;A$-$A-.$J-c/-8A$-;A/,
Gunchu: Where do you work / teach? HR.-GA?-$%-.-L-2-12- / aR2-OA.-LJ.-GA/-;R.,
Mr Peet: I work / teach in Jiantsa Nationalities Middle School. %?-$&/-5-3A-<A$?-aR2-:VA%-/-
aR2-OA.-LJ.- / L-2-12-28A/-;R.,
Gunchu: Do you speak Tibetan? HR.-GA?-2R.-{.-2>.-AJ->J?,
Mr Peet: A little. I go to Tibetan classes every day. &%-43->J?, %-*A/-o/-2R.-;A$-$A-aR2-OA.-=-?R%-
2-;A/,
Gunchu: Great! Do you like working in Jiantsa? @-&%-29%-$A HR.-<%-$&/-5-/?-L-2-212-0<-
.$:-:3,
Mr Peet: Yes, I do. The weather is so fine in Jiantsa and the people here are so friendly.
.$:-$A %-.$:-$A $&/-5:A-$/3-$>A?-.J-:S:A-29%-8A%-3A-.3%?-;%-@-&%-:PA$-3,/-<J.,
Gunchu: Do you have any children? HR.-=-LA?-0-AJ-;R.,
Mr Peet: Yes, I do. I have two, a son and a daughter. :R, ;R., %-=-LA?-0-$*A?-;R., 2-$&A$-.%-
2-3R-$&A$-;R.,
Gunchu: Are they with you here? #R-5S-HR.-.%-3*3-.-:.A<-;R.-.3,
Mr Peet: Yes, they are. ;R., %J.-5S-3*3-.-2#.-;R.,
Gunchu: What do they do? #R-5S?-&A-LJ.-GA/-;R.,
Mr Peet: They are students in the Second Primary School. #R-5S-aR2-(%-$*A?-0:A-aR2-3-;A/,

1 What do you do? HR.-GA-L-2-&A-;A/,
I'm a teacher / farmer / worker. %-.$J-c/- / 8A%-0- / =?-29R-0-8A$-;A/,
1a What does he do? #R:A-L-2-&A-<J.,
He's a solider / driver / student. #R-/A-.3$-3A- / #-=R-0- / aR2-3-8A$-<J.,
71
2 Where do you work? HJ.-GA?-L-2-$%-/-12-28A/-;R.,
I work in a factory / school. %?-29R-9- / aR2-9-8A$-$A-/%-L-2-12-GA/-;R.,
2a Where does your father work? HR.-GA-A-1?-L-2-$%-.-12-GA/-;R.,

He works in a farm / in a shop. #R?-8A%-G- / 5S%-#%-8A$-/-L-2-12-GA/-;R.,
3 Good morning! 8R$?-0-29%-,
3a Good afternoon! KA-SR-29%-,
3b Good evening! 35/-2.J-2<-(R/,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
,A<-2+%-.-v-2-.%-LJ.-28A/-.-v-2-$*A?-GA-$>A2-2#<, ,A<-2+%-.-v-2?-$R3?-$>A?-<%-28A/-&/-.%-.?-
o/-/3-*A/-<J-.%-35/-<J<-L%-2:A-L-2:3-.R/-$&A$-2eR.-0-;A/-+J,
1a Do you go to school everyday?
Yes, I go to school everyday.
No, I don't go to school everyday.
1b Does the teacher come to class everyday?

Yes, he comes to class everyday.
No, he doesn't come to class everyday.
LJ.-28A/-.-v-2?-.-v:A-$/?-{2?-:.A<-L-2-8A$-o/-3-(.-0<-L%-3?-?-!R/-0-;A/-0-.0J<-/,
1c Are you watching TV right now?
Yes, I am watching TV right now.
No, I am not watching TV right now.
1d Is your mother cooking right now?

Yes, she is cooking right now.
No, she is not cooking right now.
72
Unit 26 What time do you get up?
#J-5/-*J<-2./-0, HR.-<%-(-5S.-.-;A-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-0-;A/,
1 What time is it? (-5S.-.-<J.,
1a It's nine thirty / It's half past nine. .$-.%-KJ.-!-<J.,
1b It's nine o'clock. (-5S.-.$-<J.,
1c It’s quarter past nine. (-5S.-.$-.%-{<-3-2&R-s-<J.,
1d It's five to nine. (-5S.-2o.-.%-{<-3-%-s-<J.,
2 A: What time do you go to bed? HR.-(-5S.-.:A-!J%-$*A.-0-;A/,

B: I go to bed at ten. %-(-5S.-2&:A-!J%-$*A.-0-;A/,
3 A: What time do you get up? HR.-(-5S.-.:A-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-0-;A/,

B: I get up at six thirty. %-<%-(-5S.-S$-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-0-;A/,
4 A: What time do you have breakfast? HR.-GA?-(-5S.-.:A-!J%-/%?-)-:,%-0-;A/,

B: I have breakfast at seven thirty. %?-(-5S.-2./-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-/%?-)-:,%-0-;A/,
5 A: What time do you go to school? HR.-<%-(-5S.-.-;A-!J%-aR2-9<-:PR-2-;A/,

B: I go to school at eight o'clock. (-5S.-2o.-GA-!J%-%-<%-aR2-9<-:PR-2-;A/,

1 It's time to...||....?-<J., ...</-:.$
1a A: What time is it? (-5S.-.-<J.,
B: It's two o'clock. (-5S.-$*A?-<J.,
A: Oh, it's time to go to class. :R, aR2-OA.-=-:PR-</-?R%-,
B: OK, let's go. 29%-$A %J.-5S-:PR
2 What time (when) do you...? HR.-<%-/3-8A$-=-...,

2a I visit my grandmother on weekends. %-<%-$9:-3)$-+-kR-3R-=$?-=-353?-:SA-LJ.-.-?R%-2-;A/,
73
2b I have breakfast at seven thirty in the morning. %?-8R$?-0:A-(-5S.-2./-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-
/%?-)-:,%-2-;A/,
%?-.$R%-3R<-.$R%-9?-9-2-;A/,
2c I have supper in the evening.
2d I study Tibetan during summer vacations. %?-.L<-$/%-$A-{2?-?-2R.-;A$-aR2-0-;A/,
3 I often do... but sometimes I .... %?-o/-.-...:R/-G%-{2?-<J<-...,

3a I often read books, but sometimes I listen to music. %?-o/-.-.0J-(<-2v?-0-;A/, :R/-
G%-{2?-<J<-<R=-3R<-*/-0-;A/,
3b I often ride horses, but sometimes I ride male yaks. %-<%-o/-.-g-=-8R/-0-;A/, :R/-G%-
{2?-:$<-$;$-=-8R/-0-;A/,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Time Expression .?-!R/-5=,
Past :.?-0, Present .-v-2, Future 3-:R%?-2,

Yesterday #-?%-, Today .J-<A%-, Tomorrow ?%-*A/,
Last week / month / year This week / month / year Next week / month / year
$9:- / ^- / =R-}R/-3, $9:-:.A-=- / ^-:.A-=- / .-=RR $9:- / ^- / =R-eJ?-3,
Last Monday This Monday Next Monday
$9:-^-2-}R/-3, ,J%?-:.A:A-$9:-^-2, $9:-^-2-eJ?-3,
Five minutes ago Now .-v, In five minutes
{<-3-s:A-}R/-., {<-3-s:A-/%-.,
After five minutes {<-3-s:A-eJ?-?, Long ago $/:-}-3R-8A$-=,

Once upon a time }R/-.?-8A$-=, A long time ago .?-;/-<A%-2R:C-}R/-8A$-=,
In ancient time(s) $/:-2R:C-.?-?, Many years ago =R-3%-2R:C-}-<R=-.,
74
Unit 27 Shopping
#J-5/-*J<-2o.-0, 5S%-o$-0,
Dialogue #-2h,
1 Yangjian: What does Gensang do? !/-29%-$A-L-2-&A-<J.,
Caihua: He's a teacher. #R-/A-.$J-c/-8A$-<J.,
Yangjian: Is he teaching now? #RR?-.-v-aR2-OA.-LJ.-28A/-:.$-$3,
Caihua: No, he isn't. He is shopping . 3J.-$A #R?-aR2-OA.-LJ.-GA/-3J., #R?-5S%-o$-$A/-:.$
Yangjian: Oh, I want to buy a nice gift for my mother's birthday. :R, %?-A-3:A-*J?-
{<-=-=J$?-*J?-29%-2R-8A$-*R-:.R.,
2 Tarlu: Good morning! Can I help you, Uncle Nymka? }-SR-2.J-=$?, %?-HR.-=-<R$?-LJ.-

,2-23, A-#-/3-3#:,
Uncle Nymka: Yes, please. I want some meat. :R-;, %-=->-&%-43-3#R-=$?,
Tarlu: OK, how much do you want? HJ.-=->-&A-43-.$R?,
Uncle Nymka: One and a half kilos, please. ,A-o-$%-.%-KJ.-!-.$R?,
Tarlu: Here you are. HR.-=-!J<,
Uncle Nymka: How much is it? |R<-.-;A/,
Tarlu: Fifteen rmb, please. |R<-2&R-s-<J.-=$?,
Uncle Nymka: Thank you. 2!:-SA/-(J,

1 What do you want to buy? HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-*R-:.R.-.3,
I want to buy some clothes. %?-IR/-(?-:$:-*R-:.R.,
I want to buy a pack of cigarettes. %?-.-2-2$-(-$&A$-*R?-/-:.R.,
2 A: How much is this shirt? 5B-=J/-:.A<-|R<-.-<J.-=$?,

B: Twenty yuan, please. |R<-*A->-<J.,
A: Oh, it's too expensive. :R, .J-$R%-.!:-S$?-?R%-,
B: No, it's not expensive. It's cheap. 3A/, .J:A-<A/-$R%-.!:-3R-3-<J., .J:A-<A/-$R%-a-3R-<J.,
75
3 A: How much meat do you want? HR.-=->-&A-43-3#R-:3,
B: (I want) One kilo, please. (%-=-)>-,A-o-$%-,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Countable nouns 2P%-;R.-3A%-5B$
Countable nouns 2P%-;R.-3A%-5B$-$A-n%-5B$-i3-0-/A-"a/one + 3A%-5B$".%-, 3%-5B$-i3-0-/A-"3A%-
5B$ +-s"v<-;A/,
1a How many apples / pens / books do you want?
I want ten apples / pens / books, please!
I want some apples / pens / books, please.
1b How many books do you want?
I want a / one book / two books / some books / a lot of books / a few books / many
books .
2 Uncountable nouns 2P%-3J.-3A%-5A$-=-n%-5B$-.%-3%-5B$-$A-.LJ-2-2$<-.-3J.-0?- +-s.%-+-es $*A?-

.R<-3A-<%-,
2a How much bread / meat / butter do you want?
I want a piece of bread / meat / butter.
2b How much money do you want?

I want some / a lot of / much / a little money
3 o/-.-3,R%-2:A-2P%-3J.-3A%-5B$-:$:-!J,
advice furniture help homework information jewellery luck
money mail music peace traffic weather work
bread cheese coffee food fruit milk pepper
rice salt soup sugar tea water
3a I want some bread / meat / butter, please. %-=-2$-=J2- / >- / 3<-.$R?,

3b How much bread / meat / butter do you want? HR.-=-2$-=J2- / >- / 3<-&A-43-.$R?,
76
Students' Book 2A
.J2-$*A?-0:A-!R.-(,
77
Unit 1 Welcome back!
#J-5/-.%-0R, KA<-=-=R$-0<-.$:-2?-8,
1 Good morning, Sir. {-82?-=$?, }-SR-29%-,
2 Welcome back to school! aR2-9<-KA<-=R$-0<-.$:-2?-8,
3 May I come in, please? %-/%-.-;R%-(R$-$3,
4 It doesn't matter. .J<-*R/-3A-:.$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 ,A<-2+%-.-"so"/A-3A%-5B$-.%-3*3-.-.R<-2:A-{2?-GA-.R<-5B$-&A$-;A/-=, /%-.R/-IA-,.-/?-o-35/-.J:A-.2%
$A?-?3-;%-/-$/?-5=-.J:A-nJ/-IA?-v-2<-:)$ .0J<-/,
1a This is our first lesson, so I don't know your names. :.A-/A-%-5S:C-aR2-,/-.%-0R-;A/-0?-%?-
HJ.-&$-$A-3A%-3A->J?,
1b He isn't hungry, so he doesn't want anything to eat. #R-<%-vR$?-3J.-0?-9?-&A-;%-9-3-
:.R.-0-<J.,
1c He isn't a Tibetan, so he doesn't know one word of Tibetan. #R-2R.-<A$?-3A/-0?-2R.-{.-
5B$-$&A$-G%-3A->J?,
1d You are a student, so you have to finish your homework. HR.-aR2-3-8A$-;A/-0?-%J?-0<-
.-<%-*A.-GA-=?-L-VA?-5<-.$R?,
%-5S?-=R-<A3-.%-0R:A-{2?-?-.%?-9A/-0-v<-"so"/A-{2?-<J<-":.A-v<-"<3-".J-v<-"v-2<-:)$ .0J<-/,
1e Is he from Lhasa? #R-<%-z-?-/?-;R%-2-;A/-/3,
I don't think so. %?-.J-v<-3A-:.R.,
1f Can you tell me where I can find a restaurant? HJ.-GA?-2.$-=-9-#%-8A$-$%-.-;R.-0-2>.-
/-AJ-(R$
Sorry, I don't think so. ,$?-o=-3-28J%?, %?-2v?-/-:.A<-3J.-~3,
2 Please study these uncountable words below. $>3-IA-2P%-3J.- ,-~.-.$-.R%?,

2a I have your names on this piece of paper. HJ.-&$-$A-3A%->R$-zJ-:.A:A-!J%-.-;R.,
2b I would like to drink a cup of tea. %?-)-1R<-$%-:,%-/-:.R.,
78
2c Could you pour me a glass of tea? HR.-GA?-%-=-(->J=-1R<-$%-w$-AJ-,2,
2d I bought a pair of shoes in the supermarket. %?-<%-3R?-5S%-G-/?-z3-(-$&A$-*R?,
2e He broke two bottles of beer. #R?-7-(%->J=-.3-$*A?-2&$
2f May I have a bowl of rice? %?-:V?-.!<-;R=-$%-9R?-/-(R$-$3,
2g May I borrow your basketball, please? HR.-GA-b%-lJ.-%R-=R-%-=-$;<-/-(R$-$3, (SA-2-:.A:A-
=/-.-$;<-(R$-&J?-0-=-Yes, you may. / Sure. / OK. / Please take it. / Certainly. / Of
course. 2&?-=?-$%-<%-2+2-/-(R$-0-.%-3A-(R$-0:3-$;<-3A-(R$-&J?-0:A-=/-.-No, you can't.
Sorry, I'm afraid I can't lend it to you. &J?-:.J2?-.$R?,)
3 I'm sorry I'm late. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, %-eJ?-?-=?-?R%-,

It doesn't matter this time, but come to school earlier next time. .-,J%?-*R/-3A-:.$ :R/-
G%-,J%?-eJ?-3-/?-aR2-9<-}-3R<->R$
"sorry"/A-.$R%?-.$-8?-0-=-:)$ .0J<-/,
3a Sorry, I didn't finish my homework. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, %?-=?-L-12-3-5<,
4 (R?-2eR.-GA-5B$-.%-2$/-5B$-2!R=-/?-.%R?-0R-$*A?-GA-H.-0<-1/-5/-2#<-(R$
A long ruler OJ-4K-<A%-0R-8A$ A short ruler OJ-4K-,%-%-8A$
A tall boy *J?-0-$9$?-<A%-8A$ A short boy *J?-0-$9$?-,%-8A$
A big piece of paper >R$-zJ2-(J/-0R-8A$ A small piece of paper >R$-zJ2-(%-(%-8A$
.0J<-2eR.,
4a This ruler is longer than that one. OJ-4K-:.A-.J-=?-<A%-,
4b You are taller than him. HR.-#R-=?-<A%-,
4c This piece of paper is bigger than that one. >R$-zJ2-:.A-.J-=?-(J,
4d Tibetan education is more available than before. 2R.-GA-aR2-$?R-/A-}R/-=?-,R.-o-)J-(J<-I<-
:.$
4e Going by air is more expensive than going by bus. $/3-P<-#R.-0-/A-_%?-:#R<-#R.-0-=?-
<A/-$R%-@-&%-.!:,
79
5 Making comparisons in sentences without using "than." H.-2#<-IA-5B$-=-''than''3-.<-
2<-2eR.-0,
5a The garden looks better after you weeded it. HR.-GA?-;<-3-;<-eJ?-3J-+R$-w3-G-)J-=J$?-?-
?R%-:.$
5b You are much more beautiful since we last met. HR.-<%-,J%?-}R/-3<-%-5S<-3)=-.?-=?-
@-&%-36K?,
6 The present continuous tense LJ.-28A/-.-v-2,

LJ.-28A/-.-v-2:A-P2-5=, "is (am, are) + verb + ing"
.LA/-;A$-$A-.-v-2-=-LJ.-28A/-.-v-2-.%-,A<-2+%-.-v-2-$*A?-?-KJ?-;R., LJ.-28A/-.-v-2-/A-212-L-.J-{2?-
,R$-.J<-12-28A/-0-!J, .0J<-/,
6a Lhamo is flying a kite. z-3R?->R$-L-8A$-$+R%-28A/-:.$
6b He is having a bath. #R?-=?-1%-:O-28A/-:.$
6c The population of the world is rising very fast. :63-\A%-$A-3A-P%?-3IR$?-0R<-:1J=-
28A/-:.$
6d You are going to the teacher's office, aren't you? HR.-<%-.$J-c/-IA-$8%-=?-#%-.-:PR-
28A/-0-3A/-/3,
$+/-:#J=-5B$ .$$-5B$
I am reading. %?-.0J-(-[R$-28A/-;R., I am not reading. %?-.0J-(-[R$-$A/-3J.,
You are reading. HR.-GA?-.0J-(-[R$-$A/-:.$ You aren't reading. HR.-GA?-.0J-(-[R$-$A/-
:.$
He / She is reading. He / She is not reading.
#R:3-3R?-.0J-(-[R$-$A/-:.$ #R?-?3-3R?-.0J-(-[R$-$A/-3A-:.$
We / You / They are reading. We / You / They are not reading
%-5S? / HR.-5S? / #R-5S?-.0J-(-[R$-$A/-:.$ %-5S? / HR.-5S? / #R-5S?-.0J-(-[R$-$A/-3A-:.$
80
Unit 2 How you get to school
#J-5/-$*A?-0, HR.-<%-aR2-9<-)A-v<-;R%-2-;A/,
1 A: What can you see in the picture? HR.-GA?-<A-3R:C-!J%-/?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2-23,
B: I can see either the sun or the moon in the sky. %?-*A-^-$*A?-GA-$&A$-/3-3#<-;R.-0-3,R%-
,2,
SA-2-:.A:A-.$$-=/-.-"I can't"8J?-:.J2?-.$R?, "Can't";A-i3-0-$8/-8A$-/A-"could not";A/-=-
:.A?-"can't";A-:.?-0:A-<%-28A/-.%-8J-?:A-5B$-35S/-0-;A/, "Could you".%-"would you"$*A?-/%-
.R/-IA-(-/?-1=-(J<-:S-35%?-;A/, "Could you"/A-HJ.-GA?-.R/-.J-12-AJ-,2-8J?-0-v-2-.%-, "would
you"/A-HJ.-GA?-.R/-.J-12-o-AJ-;A/-8J?-0-v<-;A/, .0J<-/,
2a Could you cook supper for me? HR.-GA-%-=-.$R%-9?-$;R-.R<-LJ.-,2-23,
Yes, I can. I can cook supper for you. LJ.-,2, %?-HR.-=-.$R%-9?-$;R-.R<-LJ.-,2,
No, I can't. I can't cook super for you. LJ.-3A-,2, %?-HJ.-=-.$R%-9?-$;R-.R<-LJ.-3A-,2,
2b A: How many ships can you see? HR.-GA?-P-$9A%?-$-5S.-3,R%-,2-23,
B: I can see two ships. %?-P-$9A%?-$*A?-3,R%-,2,
3 A: How many students are in your class? HR.-5S:C-:6B/-9<-aR2-3-$-5S.-;R.-.3,

B: There are thirty students in my class. %-5S:A-:6B/-9<-aR2-3-?3-&-;R.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
The Present Indefinite Tense ,A<-2+%-.-v-2,
,A<-2+%-.-v-2?-/3-o/-IA-L-2:3-$R3?-$>A?-<%-28A/-.$-35R/-0-;A/-=, .J-o/-0<-"often, usually,
sometimes."?R$?-5.-!R/-0:A-2$/-5B$-.%-4$?-/?-.R<-.$R?-0-;A/, .0J<-/,
1 a) How do you usually go to school? HR.-<%-.?-o/-.-aR2-9<-)A-v<-:PR-2-;A/,
b) I usually walk to school, but I sometimes go by bus. %-<%-.?-o/-.-b%-,%-=-aR2-9<-:PR-
28A/-;R., :R/-G%-{2?-<J<-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-=-2#.-.J-?R%-2-;A/,
1a How does she come to school? #R-3R-aR2-9<-)A-v<-;R%-2-<J.,
She usually comes to school by bike. #R-3R-.?-o/-.-t$?-g<-8R/-+J-aR2-9<-;R%-2-<J.,
81
2 Practice answering these questions. SA?-=/-:.J2?-YR=-.R%?,
2a Do you often eat with chopsticks? HR.-GA?-.?-o/-.-,<-3?-9?-9-2-;A/-/3,
Yes, I often eat with chopsticks. ;A/, %?-o/-.-,<-3?-9-2-;A/,
No, I don't often eat with chopsticks. 3J., %?-o/-.-,<-3-,R.-GA/-3J.,
2b What does she often use to eat? #R-3R?-/3-o/-.-&A-8A$-,.-/?-9?-9-28A/-;R.,
She often uses a spoon, fork, and knife to eat. 3R?-/3-o/-.-#J3-2-.%-#-.V$ PA-(%-2&?-
2!R=-/?-9?-9-2-;A/,
2c When does he usually get up? #R-<%-o/-.-(-5S.-.-;A-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-28A/-;R.,
He usually gets up at six clock. #R-<%-o/-0<-(-5S.-S$-$A-!J%-.-3=-=?-=%?-2-<J.,
82
Unit 3 Mid-Autumn Day
#J-5/-$?3-0, 2o.-0:A-2&R-s,
A: Would you like to taste a mooncake? HR.-GA?-^-:#<-IA-VR-2-M%-:.R.-.3,
B: Yes, please give me a big one. :.R., %-=-(J->R?->A$-!J<-<R$?,
A: Is this one big enough? (J-(%-:.A:A-(R$-$3,
B: No, sorry. It's too big, please give me one that is smaller than this. 3A/, ,$?-o=-3-
28J%?, .J-(J-S$?-?R%-, %-=-.J-=?-&%-9.-(%-2-8A$-!J<-<R$?,
A: OK, is this right? =$?-?R, :.A-:PA$-$3,
B: Yes, thank you very much. :PA$-:.$ 2!:-SA/->A/-+-(J,
A: No problem. *R/-3A-:.$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Comparison of adjectives (R?-2eR.-5A$-$A-$>A2-2#<,
(R?-2eR.-5A$-=-2#<-2:A-<A3-0-.%-(J?-3,R-2:A-<A3-0-$*A?-;R.-=-$>A2-2#<-<A3-0-=?-L-.%R?->A$-&A$->R?-=?-
5.-3,R-2:A-<A3-0:A-$/?-?-;R.-0-!R/-0-.%-, (J?-3,R-2:A-<A3-0?-$8/-!/-=?-5.-3,R-2<-!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-/,
l-2:A-<A3-0, 2#<-2:A-<A3-0, (J?-3,R-2:A-<A3-0,

er / est small smaller smallest
er / est nice nicer nicest
er / est big bigger biggest
y-ier / iest heavy heavier heaviest
careful more careful most careful
,A<-2+%-$A-;A$-:VA-3%-0R:A-,-~.-
GA-}R/-=-"more".%- some apples more apples the most apples
"most".<-/?-<A3-0-.$<-2,
dangerous more dangerous the most
dangerous
%J?-3J.-GA-,-~., many, much more most
good better best
bad worse worst
83
2 2#<-2:A-<A3-0:A-,-~.-.J-o/-0<-4J=-5B$-"than".%-3*3-.-2!R=-/-"...=?-.%-2#<-/-"8J?-0:A-.R/-!R/-0-
;A/,
2a Life was harder than it is today. {2?-.J:A-:5S-2-/A-.-v-=?-.!:-#$-(J-2-8A$-<J.,
2b She is older than me. 3R-<%-%-=?-=R-/-3,R,
2c The temperature is becoming higher and higher. SR.-5.-/A-)J-3,R-/?-)J-3,R<-:PR-28A/-
:.$
2d Zhaxi is taller than Yondan. 2N->A?-/A-;R/-+/-=?-$9$?-<A%-,
2e There are more kinds of mooncakes here as compared to other shops. ^- :#<- 5S%- #%-
$8/-.$-.%-2#<-/-:.A<-$-3%-0R-:.$
2f Going by train is faster than by bus. 3J-:#R<-=-2#.-/-_%?-:#R<-=?-3IR$?,
3 (J?-3,R:C-<A3-0:A-,-~.-2!R=-;R.-{2?-o/-0<-2#<-;=-IA-H2-#R%?->A$-!R/-0-;A/,
3a She is the oldest among us. 3R-/A-%-5S:C-P?-/?-=R-/-(J?-3,R-2-;A/,
3b In our room he gets up (the) earliest. %-5S:C-#%-0:A-/%-/?-#R-<%-3=-=?-=%?-0-(J?-},
3c The tallest student in our class is Zhaxi. aR2-3-2N->A?-/A-%-5R:C-:6B/-9:A-/%-$A-$9$?-(J?-
<A%-0R-<J.,
84
Unit 4 We're going to work on a farm
#J-5/-28A-2, %-5S-8A%-G<-=?-!-LJ.-.-:PR-o-;A/,
Dialogue #-2h,
1 A: What are you going to do next week? $9:-:#R<-eJ?-3<-HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-212-lA?-;R.,
B: Nothing much, why? $=-(J/-&A-;%-3J., &A-8A$-<J.,
A: We're going to work on a farm. Don't you know? %-5S-8A%-G-8A$-=-=?-!-LJ.-.-:PR-lA?-;R.-
0-HR.-GA?-3A->J?-?3,
B: Good idea! It's much better than having class? ,2?-29%-0R-8A$-<J., aR2-OA.-LJ.-0-=?-.J-
z$-0<-.-29%-,
A: Sure, don't be late. Oh! And put on your old clothes. #R-,$-;A/, eJ?-?-=?-3A-(R$ :R, .-
.%-HR.-GA-$R/-0-fA%-Z=-.$-IR/-<R$?,
B: OK. Listen, that's the bell. It's time for class. *R/-.%-, .J-/A-&R%-2h-<J., aR2-OA.-GA-.?-</-
:.$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 "Be going to";A-2!R=-5=,
L-5B$"be going to" /A-3-:R%?-2:A-.?->A$-$A-/%-.-L-2-$%-8A$-212-lA?-;R.-0-!R/-LJ.-GA-5B$-;A/, :.A:A-
OR.-GA-L-5B$-"Be"=-"is, am, are"2&?-:., $/?-=$?-2eR.-0:A-{2?-?-$%-9$-!R/-LJ.-GA-52-5B$-$A-eJ?-
?-.R<-.$R?-0-.%-, SA-2-:.R/-0:A-{2?-?-$%-9$-!R/-LJ.-GA-52-5B$-$A-}R/-.-.R<-.$R?, .0J<-/,
1a Where are they going to meet? #R-5S-?-$%-/?-,$-lA?-;R.,
1b When is she going to visit that monastery? #R-3R-.?-/3-8A$-=-.$R/-0-.J<-v-{R<-.-1J2?-lA?-
;R.,
She is going to visit that monastery on Sunday. #R-3R-$9:-*A-3:A-*A/-.$R/-0-.J<-v-{R<-.-:PR-
lA?-;R.,
1c What are you going to be in the future? 3-:R%?-0<-HR.-<%-&A-8A$-L-lA?-;R.,
I am going to be a scientist. %-<%-5/-<A$-0-8A$-L-lA?-;R.,
85
Unit 5 Working hard on the farm
#J-5/-s-2, 8A%-G<-=?-!-@<-,$-$A?-=?-0,
1 Dodben has some tomatoes. !R2?-w/-=-8A-@R%-ZA-:$:-;R.,
Zhaxi has more tomatoes than Lodan. 2N->A?-=-]R-w/-=?-8A-@R%-ZA-3%-0R-;R.,
Yondan has the most of all. (J?-3%-0R-;R.-0-/A-;R/-+/-;A/,
2 The first horse is carrying a few things. g-}R/-3-.J?-.%R?-0R-&%-43-:#<-:.$
The second one is carrying fewer than the first. g-$*A?-0-.J?-g-}R/-3-=?-*%-43-:#<-:.$
The third one is carrying the fewest of all. g-$?3-0-.J?-.%R?-0R-(J?-*%-%-:#<-:.$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
2#<-2:A-<A3-0, 2#<-2:A-<A3-0-/A-3A-.%-L-.%R?-$%-<%-8A$-$A-H.-(R?-2eR.-0:A-(R?-2eR.-GA-5B$-.$-,R$-3:C-
<A3-0-.%-, $>A2-2#<-<A3-0, (J?-3,R:C-<A3-0-2&?-i3-0-$?3-.-.LJ-;R.-0-8A$-!J, :VA-!%?-/A-$>3-.-.0J-S%?-
0-=?->J?-0<-IA?,
1 ,-~.-,%-2:A-<A$?-=-"-er".%-"-est".R<-.$R?,
,R$-3:A-<A3-0, $>A2-2#<-IA-<A3-0, (J?-3,R:C-<A3-0,
small smaller smallest
young younger youngest
2 3,:-3:A-;A$-:V-"-e";A/-0:A-,-~.-GA-3,<-,.-!<-"-er".%-;%-/-"-est".R<-.$R?,
large larger largest
late later latest
3 $=-+J-3,:-3:A-;A$-:V-$*A?-0R-.J-".L%?-+$?=-LJ.-"v<-;A/-/-3,:-3:C-$?=-LJ.-;A-$J-.J-*A?-:VA-L?-eJ?-
$R%-$A-.R<-!%?-.%-:S-2-;A/,
thin thinner thinnest
big bigger biggest
4 3,:-3:A-;A$-:V-$*A?-0R-"$?=-LJ.-;A-$J+y"v<-;A/-/, "-y".J-"-i"<-2&R?-/?-3)$-+-"-er".%-"-
est".R<-.$R?,
busy busier busiest
dirty dirtier dirtiest
86
5 ,A<-2+%-$A-,-~.-<A%->R?-&/-IA-}R/-.-"-more".%-"-most".<-/?-<A3-0-.$-!R/-0-;A/,
successful more successful most successful
pleasant more pleasant most pleasant
6 ,-~.-<J-:$:-8A$-$A-2#<-2:A-<A3-0-.%-(J?-3,R:C-<A3-0-/A-"er".%-"est".<-/?-P2-3A-,2-0<-3A%-$8A-.%-
2&?-i3-0-$8/-8A$-+-:I<-:PR-2?, .J:A-<A$?-=-i3-0-%J?-3J.-GA-2#<-2-9J<,
good better best
bad worse worst
many (much) more most
little less least
Lesson 19 Working on a farm

It's a fine day today, and everyone is busy. They are working hard on the farm. The
children are picking apples. Look! There's Meimei! She's very strong. She's lifting that
ladder. Now she's holding it for Jim. Jim is climbing up the ladder. He's picking the
apples on that tree. He's putting them in a basket. Some of the apples are hard to reach.
They are too high. Be careful, Jim! It's dangerous. Oh, good! He's coming down the
ladder, now.
"You don't have any apples, Jim," says Li Lei. "I have more than you."
"Do I have fewer apples than you? Let me see!" says Jim.
Jim looks at Li Lei's apples. "Oh!" he says. "Yes, you have more than me. But mine
are better than yours. Look! Yours are green, and quite small. Mine are red, and they're
much bigger!"
Translation of Lesson 19
8A%-G<-=?-!-12-0,
.J-<A%-$A- $/3-$>A?-/A-@-&%-29%-8A%-, 3A-5%-3?-VJ=-:52-%%-8A%-?-<-@<-,$-$A?-%=-lR=-LJ.-28A/-:.$-=, LA?-
0-5S?-!->-:,R$-$A/-:.$
@/-3J-3J-=-vR?-.%-, 3R-/A-!R2?-.%-w/-0-8A$-;A/-+J-3R?-{?-;<-:.J$?-28A/-:.$ .-{2?-3R?-)J3-IA-{?-*R<-
28A/-;R.-0-.%-, )J3-{?-:$R<-:6K$?-GA/-#R%-2R-.J:A-!J%-/?-!->-:,R$-28A/-;R., #R?-2+R$?-0:A-!->-aJ-2R-8A$-$A-
/%-.-2#-28A/-:.$ !->-:$:-<J-2+R$-o-@-&%-.!:, .J-.$-3,R-S$?-?R%-2?-?J3?-(%-LR?, )J3, .J<-*J/-#-(J,
AR, 29%-$A .-v-#R-<%-{?-=?-3<-:22-28A/-:.$
=J-=J-;A?-)J3-=-2>.-o<, ")J3, HR.-=-!->-3%-2R-3A-:.$ %-=-HR.-=?-3%-2R-;R.,"9J<,
)J3-IA?-"2.$-$A?-2v-<R$?, %-=-HR.-=?-*%-%-43-=?-3J.-.3,"9J<-28A/-#R?-=J-=J-;A-!->-=-2v?, "AR,
<J.-;, HR.-=-%-=?-3%-2R-:.$ ;A/-/:%-%:A-!->-.J-.$-HR.-GA-.J-.$-=?-29%-, vR?-.%-, HR.-GA-.J-.$-3.R$-u%-
#-.%-@-&%-(%-%-<J., %:A-:.A-.$-3.R$-.3<-=-HR.-GA-!->-=?-w2-:I<-IA?-(J/-0R-:.$-"9J<,
87
Unit 6 Shall we go to the park?
#J-5/-S$-0, %-5S-,A-\A%-.-:PR-o-;A/-/3,
1 A: Would you like to come to supper? HJ.-<%-.$R%-9?-9-2<-;R%-:.R.-.3,
B: Oh! Thank you, I would love to. But I must ask my parents first. What time shall I
come? AR, ,$?-eJ-(J, %-<%-;R%-:.R.-;R., :R/-G%-,R$-3<-%?-1-3-$*A?-=-:SA-.$R?, (-5S.-.-;A-!J%-.-
;R%-/-:PA$-$3,
A: We have our evening meal at about a quarter past six. Why don't you come a little

earlier? %-5S?-.$R%-9?-.?-5S.-S$-.%-{<-3-2&R-s:A-!J%-29:-o-;A/-0?-HR.-<%-&%-}-3R<-1J2?-/-3A-
=J$?-?3,
B: OK. Sure, see you. <J.-=$?, #R-,$-;A/, a<-3)=,
A: Bye! 2.J-3R,
2 A: Which is the biggest bird in Tibetan areas? 2R.-;=-IA-(J?-(J-2:A-L-<A$?-$%-8A$-;A/,
B: The biggest bird in Tibetan areas is the eagle. 2R.-;=-IA-(J?-(J-2:A-L-<A$?-/A-L-\$-;A/,
2a A: Which animal does our life depend on at our home? <%-<J:A-1-;=-.-:-&$-:5S-gJ/-LJ.-
?:A-K$?-9R$-$%-;A/,
B: The yak is the animal that our lives depend on. /R<-/A-%-5S:C-:5S-gJ/-LJ.-?:A-K$?-9R$-
;A/,
2b A: Which animal do you like best? HR.-<%-(J?-.$:-2:A-YR$-($?-$%-8A$-;A/,
B: I like sheep best. %-<%-(J?-.$:-2-/A-=$-;A/,
2c A: What does a cat look like? LA-=-)A-:S-8A$-.%-:S,
B: A cat looks like a small leopard. LA-=<-2v?-5S.-GA?-$9$-(%-(%-8A$-.%-:S,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 would you like-"would"/A-=?-5B$-.-v-2:A-3A%-n%-8A$-$A-$R%-.-.<-/, 2lA-2!<-;R.-0:A-|R-/?-$8/-IA-
2?3-:(<-2#-=J/-LJ.-0-!R/, "would you like"8J?-0:A-/%-.R/-/A-"HJ.-GA?-...LJ.-:.R.-.3-"&J?-0:A-
.R/-;A/, "What about":.A-;A?-"&A-LJ.-o-;A/, &A-:S-<J.-"?R$?-GA-.R/-!R/, .0J<-/, I am going.
What about you? %-:PR-o-;A/, HR.-GA?-&A-LJ.-o-;A/,
1a Shall we_____? %-5S-...LJ.-o-/,
88
Shall we go at ten? %-5S-(-5S.-2&:A-!J%-:PR-o-;A/-/3,
1b Why not_____? &A:A-KA<-...3A-LJ.,
Why not go at ten? (-5S.-2&:A-!J%-.-?R%-/-3A-=J$?-?3,
2 "Let's"8J?-0-"Let us";A-2#?-5B$-;A/-=-.R/-/A-"%-5S?-L-2-$%-8A$-212-0<-L:R-"8J?-0:A-.R/-/R,
2a Let's go at ten! .?-5S.-2&:A-,R$-+-:PR-2<-L,
3 "What about" "L-2-?R$?-)A-v-2-<J.-"&J?-0:A-.R/,

3a What about seven? .?-5S.-2./-&A-:S-<J.,
4 Would you like.... HJ.-...:.R.-.3,

4a Would you like to go at ten? HR.-<%-.?-5S.-2&:A-,R$-:PR-:.R.-.3,
89
#J-5/-2./-0, 2*<-.R%-$/.-2#?,
1 A: What time is it? (-5S.-.-<J.,
B: It is a quarter past ten. .?-5S.-2&-.%-{<-2&R-s-<J.,
1a A: What time are we leaving tomorrow? ?%-*A/-%-5S-/3-5S.-:PR-lA?-;R.,
B: Tomorrow we are leaving at twenty minutes past five. ?%-*A/-.?-5S.-s-.%-{<-3-*A-
>:A-,R$-%-5S-:PR-o-;A/,
1b A: When are you going to start class? HR.-GA?-.?-/3-8A$-=-aR2-OA.-GA-:$R-2l3-o-;A/,
B: I am going to start class this afternoon at three thirty. .J-<A%-KA-SR:A-(-5S.-$*A?-.%-KJ.-
!:A-!J%-%?-aR2-OA.-GA-:$RR-2l3-lA?-;R.,
1c A: Could you please tell me what time the bank is open? HR?-GA?-%-=-.%=-#%-$A-|R-(-
5S.-.:A-!J%-.-KJ?-0-2>.-,2-23,
B: Certainly, the bank is open at two thirty. =R?-,2, .%=-#%-$A-|R-.?-5S.-$*A?-.%-KJ.-!:A-
!J%-KJ?-0-<J.,
2 A: Shall we play tennis tomorrow at two pm? ?%-*A/-KA-SR:A-(-5S.-$*A?-GA-!J%-%-5S?-S-1.-%R-=R-

lJ.-o-;A/-/3,
B: What about four o' clock? (-5S.-28A:A-!J%-)A-:S-<J.,
A: OK, what time shall we meet? (R$-$A %-5S-(-5S.-.:A-!J%-,$-o,
B: How about three thirty? .?-5S.-$?3-.%-KJ.-!-)A-:S-<J.,
A: That's great, but where shall we meet? .J-@-&%-29%-, :R-/-%-5S-?-$%-/?-,$-o,
B: Why don't we meet behind the China Post building? %-5S-N%-$R:C-4$-#%-$A-o2-/?-,$-/-
3A-=J$?-?3,
3 How to make suggestions PR?-$8A-)A-v<-:.R/-5=,

.R$?-9R/-LR?, HA-3R-.J?-HJ.-=-?R-:.J2?-lA?-;R.,
3a Be careful! That dog is trying to bite you.
3b Look out! They are pouring water from their window. 3*3-8R$-.%-, #R-5S?-|J:-#%-
=?-(-:2R-28A/-:.$
90
3c Don't jump into that river, it’s too dangerous. $4%-0R:C-/%-.-3-3(R%-, .J-@-&%-*J/-#-(J,
3d Be careful! That ladder is broken. ?J3?-(%-LR?, {?-.J-($-:.$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
.?-5S.-$?=-2>.-LJ.-,2?-=?-4J=-5B$-"-past".%-"-to"$*A?-GA-2!R=-!%?,
.LA/-;A$-$A-/%-"{<-3+past+.?-5S.-"&J?-0-.?-5S.-$-$J-3R-8A$-$A-!J%-{<-3-.-2c=-;R.-0-!R/-=, ;A.-
:)R$-LJ.-.$R?-?-/A-.?-5S.-$-$J-3R-8A$-$A-!J%-{<-3-?3-&-1<-2c=-2-;A/-/-"past"2!R=-2-;A/, "{<-3-
+to+.?-5S.-"&J?-0?-.?-5S.-&A$-=-{<-3-?3-&-=?-*%-2?-3-,R/-0-!R/-+J, .0J<-2eR.-v<,
a quarter past six .?-5S.-S$-.%-2&R-s,
half past ten .?-5S.-2&-.%-KJ.-!
twenty minutes past nine .?-5S.-.$-.%-{<-3-*A->
a quarter to three .?-5S.-$?3-=-{<-3-2&R-s-(.,
five minutes to five .?-5S.-s-=-{<-3-s-(.,
91
Unit 8 Where do you sit?
#J-5/-2o.-0, HR.-$%-.-2#.-;R.,
Look at the picture on twenty nine in your book and answer these questions. HR.-
<%-$A-aR2-.J2-GA->R$-P%?-29=-2v?-+J-SA-2-:.A-.$-=-=/-,R2?,
1 Where does their teacher usually stand in the classroom? #R-5S:C-.$J-c/-.?-o/-.-aR2-#%-$A-
$/?-$%-.-=%?-$A
2 Where does Lily sit in the classroom? =J-=J-aR2-#%-$A-$/?-$%-.-2#.-;R.,
3 What things are usually in front of their classroom? .?-o/-.-#R-5S:C-aR2-#%-$A-3./-.-.%R?-0R-
&A-8A$-:.$
4 What is on their left hand side? #R-5S:C-=$-0:A-$;R/-KR$?-?-&A-8A$-;R.,
5 Where are the pots of flowers in their classroom? 3J-+R$-$A-m-23-.J-.$-#R-5S:C-aR2-#%-$A-$/?-
$%-.-;R.,

Lesson 31 Who has the eraser?
Children often love to play this game. They play it like this: six students stand in a row
in front of the class. They put their hands behind their backs, so you can't see their
hands. The teacher gives one of them an eraser. The eraser goes from one student to
another first one way, then another. They must keep their hands behind their backs.
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed. They mustn't look.
Then the teacher says: "Stop and put your hands in front of you now."
The six students put their hands in front of them. Now the other students open their
eyes, and guess who has the eraser. They ask questions like "Li Lei, is it in your right
hand?"
They can have only five guesses.

2?2-:IA$-?-=-;R.,
LA?-0-.$-/3-o/-.-lJ.-3R-:.A-lJ.-o<-.$:, #R-5S?-lJ.-3R-.J-:.A-v<-lJ.-2-;A/-+J, aR2-3-S$-aR2-#%-$A-3./-.-
=%?-2-.%-=$-0-#R-5S:C-o2-+-28$-0-<J., .J:A-nJ/-IA?-HR.-GA?-#R-5R:A-=$-0-3,R%-3A-,2, .$J-c/-IA?-.J-.$-=?-
$&A$-=-2?2-:IA$-&A$-!J<-2-;A/, #R-5S?-%J?-0<-.-<%-<%-$A-=$-0-o2-+-:)R$-.$R?-0-.%-, 2?2-:IA$-.J-aR2-3-
5S?-$&A$-$A?-$&A$-=-!J<-2-.%-.J-v<-<A3-0-.%-0R-5<-2-/, ;%-2*<-<A3-0-$8/-8A$-/?-3$R-2l3-0-;A/, #R-5S?-
%J?-0<-.-<%-<%-$A-=$-0-o2-+-:)R$-.$R?-0-.%-, aR2-#%-.-:.$-0:A-aR2-3-$8/-.$-$A?-3A$-243?-.$R?, #R-
5S?-$+/-/?-2v-3A-<%-,
.J-/?-.$J-c/-IA?-".-v-353?-28$-/?-<%-$A-=$-0-3./-=-8R$"&J?-2>.,
92
aR2-3-S$-0R?-<%-$A-%<-#-3-:LJ.-0<-=$-0-.$-3./-=-28$-0-.%-aR2-3-$8/-.$-$A?-3A$-KJ?-+J-??-2?2-
:IA$-29%-;R.-0-5S.-.0$-LR?, #R-5S?-SA-2-2+R/-0-:.A-v<-"=J-=J, 2?2-:IA$-.J-HJ.-GA-=$-0-$;?-=$-+-:.$-
$3,"
#R-5S?-5S.-.0$-s-=?-L?-3A-(R$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 ?-$/?-.%-#-KR$?-35S/-0:A-5B$-U.-GA-.0J-$8A,
In /%-., There is a glove in my desk. %:A-3./-&R$-/%-.-=$->2?->A$-;R.,
On !J%-., The snow flower is on the <A-!J%-.-#-2:A-:.2-3-;R.,

mountain
Under :R$-+, We are under the sky. %-5S-/3-3#:A-:R$-+-;R.,
At HA3-/%-, She's at home. I will leave at 3R-HA3-/-;R., %-.?-5S.-S$-$A-!J%-:PR-o-;A/,
six o’clock.
!J%-+,
Near ,$-*J- Near my home there is a lake. %:A-HA3-IA-*J-?<-35S-8A$-;R.,
?<,
Inside /%-., I went inside a supermarket. %-<%-<%-3R?-5S%-G<-?R%-,
Outside KA-<, We meet outside of the %-5S-aR2-9:A-|R-(J/-IA-KA-/?-,$
school gate.
Behind o2-+, The classroom is behind the aR2-#%-/A-.0J-36S.-#%-$A-o2-+-;R.,
library
2 ?-$/?-.%-#-KR$?-35S/-0:A-5B$-U.-.%-.J:A-.0J,
In font of 3./-., The bus stop is in _%?-:#R<-:22-5B$?-/A-,R.-#%-$A-3./-.-;R.,

front of the toilet.
On the $;R/-., The bookshop is left .0J-5S%-#%-/A-w3-G:A-$;R/-.-:.$
left of the garden.
In the .GA=-., Ziling is in the 9A-=A%-/A-N%-$R:C-?-.GA=-.-:.$
middle middle of China.
of
On the lJ-3R<, Tibet is on the top of 2R.-uR%?-/A-:63-\A%-$A-;%-lJ<-:.$
top of the world.
At the o2-+, The factory is at the 29R-9-/A-$/3-P-:22-,%-$A-v$-o2-+-;R.,
back of back of the airport.
On the $;?-?, People's Park is on 3A-.3%?-,A-\A%-/A-?A=-+R$-5S%-#%-$A-$;?-?-:.$
right the right of the fruit
of shop.
93
Unit 9 Find the right place
#J-5/-.$-2, #R.-$/?-%R-3-24=-2,
Dialogue #-2h,
1 A: Excuse me, is there a post office near here? .$R%?-0-3-5S3, :.AA-.%-,$-*J-?<-4$-#%-8A$-
;R.-.3,
B: Yes, there is. Walk along this road, and take the fourth turn on the left. ;R.-
=$?, :.A<-;R., =3-:.A-.J.-.J-3<-?R%-/?-$;R/-KR$?-GA-.GR$?-28A-2-.J.-/?-?R%-,
A: Thank you very much. 2!:-SA/->A/-+-(J,
B: Not at all. / You're welcome. *R/-3A-:.$ / 2!:-SA/-8-3A-.$R?,
2 A: Excuse me, is there a police-station near here? .$R%?-0-3-5S3, :.A-.%-,$-*J-?<-,A-2.J-?-

5B$?-8A$-:.$-$3,
B: No, there isn't. The nearest is about 4 kilometres away. So you'd better catch a bus.
3A-:.$ :.A<-3A-:.$ (J?-,$-*J-2-.J-,A-=J-28A-;?-3?-?-$/?, .J:A-KA<-<2-;A/-/-HR.-<%-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-
=-2#.-/-29%-,
A: Which number do I need, please? %-<%-A%-g$?-$%-8A$-=-:.$-.$R?-?3,
B: I think you need number two. The bus stop is along that road, on the right. %?-
2?3-/-HR.-=-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-A%-P%?-$*A?-0-3#R, ,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-5B$?-3=-.J-=3-:.A:A-$;?-KR$?-
?-;R.,
3 A: Excuse me, is there a toilet near here? .$R%?-0-3-5S3, :.A-.%-,$-*J-?<-$4%-,R.-#%-8A$-

:.$-$3,i
B: I'm sorry I don't know. You'd better ask that policeman over there. ,$?-o=-3-28J%?,
%?-3A->J?, HR.-GA?-1-$A:A-,A-2.J-3A-$-.J<-SA?-/-29%-,
A: Thank you all the same. 2!:-SA/-(J,(:.A:A-.R/-%R-3-/A-HR.-GA?-3->J?-G%-%?-HR.-=-2!:-SA/-8-%J?-
8J?-0:A-.R/,)
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Expressing needs .$R?-3#R-!R/-0,
1a He needs some help. #R-=-<R$?-<3-LJ.-.$R?-0-:.$
94
1b You need Bus Number 47. HR.-<%-_%?-:#R<-A%-P%?-8J-2./-0<-:.$-.$R?,
1c What is the number of the bus I need? %-<%-_%?-:#R<-A%-P%?-.-2<-:.$-.$R?,
2 Asking for directions #-KR$?-:SA-2,

2a Is there a station near here? :.A:A-*J-?<-:22-5$?-8A$-;R.-.3,
2b Where's the nearest hospital, please? (J?-*J-?:A-(/-#%-$%-/-;R.-0->J?-?3,
3 Giving directions #-KR$?-!R/-0,
3a Go along this road. =3-:.A-2o.-/?-?R%-.%-,
3b Take the first right turn. $;?-KR$?-GA-.GR$-.%-2R-2o.-/?-?R%-.%-,
.J-/A-KA-/- / :P3-.- / 3./-.-;R.,
3c It's outside / next to / in front of...
3d It's about a hundred meters on the left. .J-/A-$;R/-KR$?-/?-kA?-2o-43-IA-?<-;R.,
3e It's about six kilometres away. .J-/A-@-=3-,A-=J-S$-$A-1-<R=-/-;R.,
4 Practice how to make sentences with these phrases. $>3-IA-5B$-,%-:.A-.$-2!R=-/?-5B$-

P2-29R-5=-.R%?,
look for :5S=-2:3-24=-2, She's looking for a job. 3R?-L-2-8A$-:5S=-28A/-;R.,
look at 2v-2, Meduk looks at her reading book. 3J-+R$-$A?-3R:C-[R$-.J2-=-2v?-:.$
look after $*R<-*R%-LJ.-0, Children have to look after their parents when they are aged.
2-U$-.$-$A?-<%-$A-1-3-=R-c?-.?-$*R<-*R%-LJ.-.$R?,
look out of KA-<-2v-2, In the morning, I often look out of the window to see the
sun. }-3R<-%?-/3-o/-.-S-3:A-KA-<-2v?-/?-*A-3<-2v-2-;A/,
look like 2v?-5S.-GA?-:S-2, His nose looks like a bird flying. #R:C-$<-2v?-5S.-GA?-L-8A$-
:1<-2-.%-:S,
look the same 2v?-5S.-GA?-:S-2, They look the same. #R%-$*A?-2v?-5S.-GA?-:S,
look worried 2v?-5S.-GA?-?J3?-O=-(J-2, She looks very worried about her study. 3R<-
2v?-5S.-GA?-3R:A-aR2-.R%-=-?J3?-O=-LJ.-28A/-:.$
look over g$-.J.-LJ.-0, The teacher looked over the students' homework. .$J-c/-IA?-
aR2-3:C-=?-L<-g$-.J.-L?,
95
Unit 10 Home and Work
#J-5/-2&-2, HA3-.%-L-2,
Lesson 39 John's Day

John is Canadian. He lives in a tall building in the city of Toronto. There are eighteen
floors in the building, and he lives on the fifteenth floor. He uses a lift to go up and
down.
John works very hard. He goes to work early. Every day he leaves his home and
walks to the lift. He gets into the lift. It takes him down to the first floor.
He gets out of the lift. Then he walks to a bus stop. The bus stop is in front of a
station. It is about two hundred metres from his home.
Usually, he catches the number 11 bus to work, but sometimes he goes by train. John
works in a factory about ten kilometres from his home. His work starts at half past
eight, and finishes at a quarter to five. He gets back home at a quarter past five. He gets
into the lift, and goes up to the twelfth floor. Then he gets out of the lift and climbs up
to the fifteenth floor on foot.
Every day he does the same thing. Why doesn't he use the lift for the last three
floors?
)R%-$A-*A/-$&A$
)R%-/A-#-/-+:A-3A-;A/, #R-PR%-HJ<-,R-<A/-,R:-;A-,R$-#%-3,R/-0R-8A$-+-2#.-;R., ,R$-#%-.J<-,R$-2lJ$?-<A3-0-2&R-
2o.-;R.-=-#R-<%-2lJ$?-<A3-2&R-s-<-28$?-;R., #R-<%-\R$-{?-=-2#.-.J-;<-3<-=-:PR-2-<J.,
)R%-$A?-L-2<-@<-,$-LJ.-&A%-}-3R-/?-L-2<-8$?, o/-0<-#R-<%-HA3-.%-V=-/?-\R$-{?-;R.-?<-b%-,%-=-
:PR-2-.%-.J-/?-#R-\R$-{?-=-:.$-&A%-, \R$-{?-.J?-#R-<$-2lJ$?-<A3-.%-0R-<-2*J=,
#R-\R$-{?-=?-KA<-2.-.J-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-?-5B$?-?-:PR-2-.%-, _%?-:#R<-#R.-?-.J-?-5B$?->A$-$A-3./-.-;R.-
=, .J-/A-#R:C-HA3-.%-2<-,$-kA?-*A?-2o-;?-3?-?-:.$
#R-o/-.-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-A%-2&-$&A$-0<-2#.-/?-=?-!<-8$?, :R/-G%-{2?-:$<-3J-:#R<-=-#R.-0-<J.,
)R%-$A?-#R:C-HA3-.%-,A-=J-2&-43-;R.-0:A-29R-9-8A$-+-L-2-12-28A/-;R.-=, #R?-(-5S.-2o.-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-=?-
:$R-lR3->A%-(-5S.-28A-.%-{<-3-8J-s:A-!J%-=-353?-:)R$ (-5S.-s-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-#R-<%-KA<-;=-=-,R/-0-<J., #R-
\R$-{?-=-2#.-/?-2lJ$?-<A3-2&-$*A?-0<-;<-:PR-2-.%-, .J-/?-KA<-2.-.J-2lJ$?-<A3-2&R-s-2<-b%-,%-=-:$R-
0-<J.,
#R?-*A/-o/-.-:.A-v<-LJ.-0-<J., z$-3:A-2lJ$?-<A3-$?3-0R-.J<-#R-<%-\R$-{?-=-3A-:.$-0-&A-;A/-/3,
96
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
L-5B$-"Do";A-2!R=-5=,
1 $%-9$-.%-0R-.%-$*A?-0-!J-HR.-.%-%-8J?-0<-"Do".%-$%-9$-$?3-0-!J-#R:3-#R-3R, .J-2&?-=-"Does".R<-
.$R?-0-;A/, .0J<-/, "Does".%-"Do"/A-L-5B$-1=-2-<:%-2!R=-(R$-=, o/-0<-:SA-5B$-$A-i3-0-.%-.J:A-
SA?-=/-IA-i3-0:A-/%-.-2!R=,
1a Does she like her work?
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
1b Do you live in Ziling?
Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
.$$-5B$-$A-i3-0?-;%-2!R=-(R$-!J,
1c I don't like living on the 12th floor.
1d He doesn't use a computer.
2 What does she / he do? SA-2-:.A-=-.R/-IA-:PJ=-5=-$*A?-;R.-.J,

2a HR.-GA-L-2-&A-8A$-;A/,
2b #R-3R?- / #R-2R?-&A-8A$-=?-0-<J.,
:.A:A-=/-.-He / She is a worker. (#R / 3R-/A-=?-!-0-8A$-<J.,).%-;%-/-He studies Tibetan.(#R?-
2R.-;A$-.R%-28A/-:.$)&J?-=/-:.J2?-.$R?,
2c What do you / I do? HR.-GA- / %:A-L-2-&A-8A$-<J.-.3, ;%-/-HR? / %?-&A-8A$-=?-0-;A/,
:SA-5B$-:.A:A-=/-.-}-3-*A.-=-I am / You are a teacher. (%-/A- / HR.-/A-.$J-c/-8A$-<J.,)8J?-=/-
:.J2?-.$R?-0-.%-eJ?-3-=, I write. (%?-;A-$J-:VA-2-<J.,)You play. (HR.-lJ.-2-<J.,)v<-VA?-/-:PA$
97
Unit 11 Keep healthy
#J-5/-2&-$&A$-0, =?-1%-2.J-,%-=-o/-:HR%?-LJ.-0,
Dialogue #-2h,
Teacher: Good morning, students. aR2-PR$?-5S, }-SR-2.J-3R,
Students: Good morning, Teacher. }-SR-29%-, .$J-c/,
Teacher: What day is it today? .J-<A%-$9:-.-2-<J.,
Students: Today is Monday, November the twelfth. .J-<A%-/A-,A-^-2&-$&A$-0:A-5K?-2&-$*A?-;A/-
=-$9:^-2-<J.,
Teacher: Who is away today? .J-<A%-?-8A$-;R%-3J.-.3,
Students: Lodan is away today. .J-<A%-!R2?-w/-;R%-3A-:.$
Teacher: What's wrong with him? #R-=-&A-L%-?R%-,
Students: He is a little ill today. .J-<A%-#R-&%-/-:.$
Teacher: Could you give him a message? HR.-GA?-#R-=-{.-&AA$-2>.-,2-23,
Students: Yes, sure. =R?-,2,
Teacher: I hope he will be better soon. #R-<%-&%-3A-:$R<-2<-)J-29%-.-:PR-2<-(R/,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
The Past Indefinite Tense ,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-0,
,A<-2+%-:.?-0?-:.?-0:A-.?-?-L%-2:A-L-2-.%-i3-0-8A$-!R/-0-;A/, L-5B$-"Be'';A-:.?-0:A-i3-0-/A,
"am/is-was are-were"2&?-;A/,
Statement forms Question forms

8A2-2eR.-GA-i3-0, SA-2:A-i3-0,
I was (not) at school last Was I at school last Friday.
Friday.
You were (not) late Were you late yesterday?
yesterday.
She / He was early this Was she / he early this
morning. morning?
It was red. Was it red?
We / you / they were away Were we / you / they away
last October. last October?
98
Unit 12 Which is your favourite?
#J-5/-2&-$*A?-0, HR.-<%-(J?-.$:-2-/A-$%-;A/,
Dialogue #-2h,
1 A: Which is your favourite month? HR.-<%-(J?-.$:-2-/A-^-.-2-;A/,
B: I think May is the best month. %?-2v?-/-^-s-2-(J?-29%-2R-<J.-~3,
2 A: How many minutes are there in an hour? .?-5S.-$&A$-=-{<-3-.-;R.,
B: There are sixty minutes in an hour. .?-5R.-$&A$-=-{<-3-S$-&-;R.,
3 A: What day was yesterday? #-?%-$9:-.-2-<J.,
B: It was Wednesday, October 13th (thirteenth), 2000 (two thousand). #-?%-/A-*A?-!R%-
=R:C-^-2&-2:A-5K?-2&-$?3-<J.-=-$9:-z$-0-<J.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
The Past Indefinite ,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-0,
L-5B$-"have".%-"has";A-:.?-0:A-i3-0-/A-"had";A/,
Statement forms 8A2-2eR.-GA-i3-0,

I / you / she / he / we / they had a good time on
Sunday.
Question forms SA-2:A- i3-0,

Did I / you / she / we / they have eggs for breakfast?
Answer forms SA?-=/-IA-i3-0,

Yes, I / you / she / we / they had eggs for breakfast.
No, I / you / she / we / they had eggs for breakfast.

99
Unit 13 Where were you born?
#J-5/-2&-$?3-0, HR.-$%-/?-*J?-0-;A/,
Dialogue #-2h,
Dongrub: Hello, Meduk! May I ask you some questions? 7- ;J, 3J- + R$, %?- HJ.- =- SA- 2- : $: -SA?-
/-(R$-$3,
Meduk: Certainly! =R?-(R$
Dongrub: When were you born? HR.-/3-8A$-=-*J?-0-;A/,
Meduk: I was born on February 16,1986. %-(A$-!R%-.$-2o-I-S$-=R:C-^-$*A?-0:A-5K?-2&-S$-*A/-
*J?-0-;A/,
Dongrub: Where were you born? HR.-GA-*J?-;=-$%-/?-;A/,
Meduk: I was born in Tibet--in a small town near Lhasa. %-<%-2R.-uR%?-z-?-.%-,$-*J-?:A-PR%
2h=-(%-(%-8A$-/?-*J?,
Dongrub: How long did you live there? HR.-<%-.J-<-.?-;/-$-43-8A$-=-2#.-0-;A/,
Meduk: We lived there for about five years. %-5S-.J-/?-1=-(J<-=R-s-=-2#.,
Dongrub: Only five years? +$-+$-=R-s-;A/-/3,
Meduk: Yes. Then my family moved to Amdo. ;A/, .J-/?-%J.-5%-A-3.R<-$/?-%<-2-;A/,
Dongrub: Why did you move there? .J-<-$/?-%R<-.R/-&A-;A/,
Meduk: Because my father found work in Ziling. %: A- A- 1?- 9A- =A%- /?- L- 2- fJ.- L%- 0:A- nJ/- IA?-;A/,
Dongrub: Are you enjoying living there? HR.-<%-.J-$<-#R.-o<-3R-2-;R.-.3,
Meduk: Yes, we are. Very much. <J., %-5S-.J-<-:.$-o<-@-&%-3R,
Lesson 51 Wei Hua's busy day

Wei Hua had a busy day yesterday. She got up before 7 o'clock in the morning, and
quickly washed her hands and face. She got to school early. She had a little rest after
lunch, but she worked hard in class all day. She played basketball after school, and
then walked home.
Wei Hua's pen was broken, so she needed a new one. On her way home she bought a
new pen at a shop. When she reached home, she had a short rest and a glass of water.
After that she helped her parents. She quickly cooked the supper, and cleaned the
house.
She watched TV for half an hour after supper. Then she started her homework. She
finished it at half past nine. She went to bed before a quarter to ten.
I asked Wei Hua this question: "Do you enjoy work?"
"Yes, I do," she answered. "I like to keep busy!"
100
2J-.0:A-VJ=-:52-GA-*A/-3R,
2J-.0:-=-35S/-/-#-?%-/A-VJ=-2-(J-2:A-*A/-3R-8A$-<J., #R-3R-8R$?-0:A-(-5S.-2./-IA-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-
>A%-3IR$?-0R<-#-=$-2N?-0-.%-, }-3R-/?-aR2-9<-,R/, 3R?-$%-9?-GA-eJ?-?-%=-&%-43-$?R?-3R.-
aR2-#%-.-*A/-o/-@<-,$-$A?-aR2-.R%-LJ., 3R?-aR2-9-PR=-eJ?-S-:1J/-%R-=R-lJ.-&A%-.J-/?-KA<-;=-.-
=R$
2J-.0:A-t$?-/$-($-?R%-2?-3R-=-$?<-2-8A$-3#R-:.$ 3R-<%-;=-.-=R$-0:A-=3-#<-3R?-5S%-#%-
8A$-=?-t$?-/$-$?<-2-8A$-*R?, 3R-HA3-=-:LR<-.?-3R?-(->J=-1R<-$%-:,%-/?-%=-$?R?->A%-, .J-
eJ?-3R?-<%-$A-1-3-$*A?-=-<R$?-<3-L?-+J-3IR$?-0R<-.$R%-9?-2{R=-8A%-#%-2<-$.-2.<-L?,
.$R%-9?-GA-eJ?-?, 3R?-(-5S.-$&A$-.%-KJ.-!:A-<A%-=-2f/-:UA/-=-2v?-eJ?-=?-L-:VA-:$R-
2l3?-0-.%-, (-5S.-.$-.%-KJ.-!:A-!J%-VA?-5<-=-(-5S.-2&-.%-{<-2&R-s:A-!J%-*=-2<-KA/,
%?-2J-.0:-=-"HR.-<%-$A-L-2<-.$:-:3,"8J?-SA?,
3R?-".$:-0R-:.$ %-<%-VJ=-:52-GA?-2&A%?-0<-.$:,"8J?-=/-2+2?,
101
#J-5/-2&-28A-2, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,
Dialogue #-2h,
A: I want to buy some mutton. How much does it cost, please? %?-=$->-o-3-:$:-*R-
:.R., .J<-<A/-$R%-$-5S.-<J.,
B: Eight yuan for a kilo. ,A-o- $&A$-=-|R<-2o.-<J.,
A: That's too much / too expensive / dear. / That's quite cheap / inexpensive. Give me a

kilo of mutton please. .J-.%R?-$/?-.!:-S$?-?R%-, / <A/-$R%-.!:-S$?-?R%-, / .!:-?R%-, / .J-@-&%-
a-3R-<J., / <A/-$R%-.!:-3R-3-<J., %-=-=$->-,A-o-$&A$-24S%-<R$?,
Opposites wR$-^,
2a A: What is the opposite of "close"? "close";A-wR$-^-&A-<J.,

B: The opposite of "close" is "open." "close";A-wR$-^-/A-"open"<J.,

2b A: What is the opposite of "interesting"? "interesting";A-wR$-^-&A-8A$-<J.,
B: The opposite of "interesting" is "uninteresting." "interesting";A-wR$-^-/A-
"uninteresting"<J.,
A short conversation in the bus. _%?-:#R<-.-,R.-0:A-#-2h-,%-,%-8A$
Conductor: Tickets, please. May I see your ticket please, madam? %-?J-!R/-<R$?, t3-3R-
=$?, %?-HJ.-GA-%-?J-=-2v-(R$-$3,
Lady: Certainly. Here it is. =R?-(R$ :.A-<J.,
Conductor: Thank you, madam. Now, may I see yours, sir? 2!:-SA/-(J, t3-3R, .-v-%?-
HR.-GA-%-?J<-2v-(R$-$3, ]R-3,/-=$?,
Man: I'm sorry, I can't find it. I thought it was in my coat. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, %?-.J-3A-fJ., %?-
.J-%:A-!R.-H:A-/%-.-;R.-0<-~3,
Conductor: Did you buy one, sir? ]R-3,/, HR.-GA?-$&A$-AJ-*R?,
Man: Oh, yes, I bought one, but I can't find it now. :R, =R?-*R %?-$&A$-*R?-0-;A/, :R/-G%-fJ.-
o-3A-:.$
Conductor: I hope you can find it. I'm coming back in a minute. HR.-GA?-.J-fJ.-,2-0<-(R/,
{<-3-:$:A-eJ?-?-%-<%-KA<-;R%-,
102
Students' Book 2B
.J2-$*A?-0:A-(.-(,
103
Unit 15 Thanks for the message
#J-5/-.%-0R, #-=/-LA/-0<-2!:-SA/-(J,
1 He is out at the moment. #R-<%-{2?-:.A<-|R-<-2.-?R%-,
2 Please ring him. #R-=-#-0<-$+R%-<R$?,
3 Can I take a message? %?-{.-&A$-]%?-/-(R$-$3,
4 See you tomorrow. ?%-*A/-3)=,
5 I don't think so. %?-.J-v<-3A-:.R.,

1 Zhaxi, could you answer the telephone, please? 2N->A?, HJ.-GA?-#-0<-.J-=-=/-:.J2?-,2-
23,
1a Could I have a cup of butter tea, Mum?A-3-=$?, %?-.N$-)-.!<-;R=-$%-:,%-/-(R$-$3,
1b Could you give me that Tibetan-English dictionary, please? HJ.-GA?-%-=-2R.-.LA/-5B$-
36S.-$/-LA/-/-(R$-$3,
2 I'll get it. (I will answer the telephone.) .J-%?-212-o-;A/, (%?-#-0<-=-=/-:.J2?-o-;A/,)

''It " here means ''the telephone.'' || :.A<-"It"/A-#-0<-=-$R-2-;A/,
3 He is at the cinema. #R-<%-\R$-2f/-#%-.-;R.,

3a He is at school / work / home. #R-<%-aR2-9-<- / =?-!-<- / ;=-/- / ;R.,
4 Can I take a message? %?-{.-&A$-]%?-/-(R$-$3,

4a Cairang asked me to take a message for you. 5K-<A%-$A?-%-<%-2o.-.J-HR.-=-{.-&A$-28$,
5 The monitor asked you to sweep the floor. 0/-N%-$A?-HR.-GA?-,%-=-$.-2.<-LR?-9J<,

5a The teacher asked Dorji not to talk in class. .$J-c/-IA?-hR-eJ<-aR2-OA.-{2?-?-{.-(-3-2>.-
&J?-<J-2-2+R/,
6 A: Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party. HJ.-GA-*J?-{<-.-%-<%-2R?-0<-2!:-SA/-(J,

B: It's a pleasure. .J-/A-.$:-$%-8A$-<J.,
104
6a A. Thank you for answering my question. 2.$-$A-SA-2<-=/-2+2-0<-2!:-SA/-(J,
B: It's a pleasure. .J-/A-.$:-$%-8A$-<J.,
7 A: Do you remember we went to work on a farm last summer? HR.-GA?-/-/A%-.L<-#<-%-5S-

8A%-G-8A$-+-=?-!-LJ.-.-?R%-2-S/-/3,
Yes, I do. <J.-;, %?-S/-$A
8 There were many apples on the trees. #R%-3$R-/-!->-3%-0R-;R.,

8a There is a sparrow in the tree. #R%-$?J%-/-#$-g-8A$-:.$,
8b There is a nice Tibetan knife in the box. |3-/%-.-2R.-PA-%?-.$-&A$-;R.,
9 They needed to climb up the trees with ladders. #R-5S-#R%-3$R<-:6K$-0<-{?-.$R?-L%-,

9a They needed to visit Tibetan areas with Tibetans. #R-5S-2R.-#3?-?-2*R.-0<-2R.-3A-.%-
:PR$-.$R?-L%-,
9b They needed to kill the wolf with a gun. #R-5S?-,%-!A-.J-3J-3.?-$?R.-.$R?-L%-,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
"There be (was were)"/A-:.?-9A/-0:A-.?-GA-/%-.%R?-0R-$-$J-3R-8A$-?-(J-$J-3R-8A$-/-;R.-0:3-$/?-0-
!R/-0-;A/-+J, "was".%-"were"$*A?-/A-"is".%-"are"$*A?-GA-:.?-0:A-i3-0-;A/, .0J<-2eR.,
1a There was a meeting yesterday. #-?%-5S$?-:.-8A$-:5S$?,
1b There was a Tibetan horse-race last summer. /-/A%-.L<-#<-2R.-GA-g-o$?-8A$-;R.,
1c There were many customers at the Tibetan restaurant yesterday. #-?%-2R.-GA-9-#%-.J-

<-{-3PR/-3%-0R-:.$
1d There were many nice flowers on the Gangcha grasslands last summer. /-/A%-.L<-
#<-b%-5:C-C-,%-.-36K?-0:A-3J-+R$-3%-0R-;R.,
105
Unit 16 The seasons of the year
#J-5/-2&-S$ =R-<J:A-.?-5B$?,
1 It's very cold today, isn't it? .J-<A%-/3-^-@-&%-:H$?-0-3-<J.-.3,
1a You are from Tibet, aren't you? HR.-<%-2R.-uR%?-/?-;R%-2-3-;A/-/3,
2 It's very nice, isn't it? .J-@-&%-;$-0R-:.$-0-3-;A/-/3,
2a Zhaxi is an English teacher, isn't he? 2N->A?-/A-.LA/-;A$-$A-.$J-c/-8A$-3-<J.-.3,
2b Huadan is a herdsman, isn't he? .0=-w/-/A-:VR$-0-8A$-3-<J.-.3,

1 Everything begins to grow in spring. *J?-.%R?-;R.-5.-.JA.-.?-?-*J?-:$R-2l3?,
1a Are the flowers beautiful in winter? .$/-.?-?-3J-+R$-.J-.$-36K?-?3,
1b Are horses strong and fat in autumn in Qinghai? 35S-}R/-.-!R/-.?-?-g-,3?-&.->->J.-o?-
0-AJ-<J.,
2 Winter is from about November to January. .$/-.?-/A-1=-(J<-^-2&-$&A$-0-/?-^-.%-0R:A-2<-

<J.,
2a I read Tibetan from seven to eight every morning. /3-o/-8R$?-0:A-.?-5S.-2./-/?-2o.-
2<-.-%?-2R.-;A$-[R$-0-;A/,
2b It's far from Beijing to Tibet. 0J-&A/-/?-2R.-uR%?-2<-.-,$-<A%-0R-:.$
3 Why don't you take off your sweater? HR.-GA?-&A:A-KA<-<%-$A-2=-$R?-.J-3A-1.-.3,

3a Why don't you herd livestock in the mountains? HR.-GA?-&A:A-KA<-<A-3$R-/?-9R$-3A-:5S-2-
;A/,
3b Why don't you want to go to Lhasa with Cairang? HR.-<%-&A:A-KA<-5K-<A%-.%-3*3-.-z-?<-
:PR-3A-:.R.-0-;A/,
4 It's very different from Australia at this time of year. =R-<J:A-{2?-:.A<-.J-/A-AR-?A-O-<J?-=A?-;-

.%-H.-0<-(J/-0R-;R.,
106
4a City life is very different from countryside life. PR%-HJ<-IA-:5S-2-/A-8A%-PR%-$A-:5S-2-.%-H.-
0<-(J/-0R-;R.,
4b This horse is different from that one. g-:.A-$/-.%-3A-35%?,
5 Look at this letter from Meduk to her friend. 3J-+R$-$A?-#R-3R:C-PR$?-3R<-3A%?-2:A-:UA/-;A$-:.A-
=-vR?,
5a I want to travel from Qinghai to other Tibetan places. %-<%-35S-}R/-/?-2R.-GA-?-#=-$8/-
.$-=-$/?-2{R<-.-:PR-:.R.,
5b This river flows from India to Nepal. (-2R-:.A-/A-o-$<-/?-2=-;=-=-28<-2-<J.,
HR.-GA?-;A-$J-2{<-2<-2!:-SA/-(J,
6 Thank you for your letter.
6a Thank you for coming to see me. 2.$-=-v-<-;R%-2<-2!:-SA/-(J,
6b Thank you for your help. HJ.-GA?-<R$?-<3-L?-0<-2!:-SA/-(J,
7 The weather gets warmer and the days get longer in spring. .JA.-.?-?-/3-^-)J-SR-.%-*A/-3R-
)J-<A%-.-:PR-2-<J.,
7a He gets fatter and she gets thinner every year. =R-<J-<J<-#R-2R->-o$?-0R<-:I<-2-.%-#R-3R->-
<A.-0R<-:I<-28A/-;R.,
7b The population of Sichuan gets larger and the farmland gets smaller. ?A-OR/-.-3A-
P%?-)J-3%-.-:PR-2-.%-?-8A%-)J-(%-.-:PR-28A/-;R.,
8 Summer comes after spring. .L<-#-/A-.JA.-!:A-eJ?-?-5$?-0-<J.,
8a Autumn comes after summer. !R/-/A-.L<-#:A-eJ?-?-5$?-0-<J.,
9 I often go swimming / skating / fishing. %-<%-o/-.-(-n=-2<- / .<->.-.- / *-:6B/-.-:PR-2-

;A/,
9a I often go home in the evening. %-<%-o/-.-.$R%-.?-?-;=-=-=R$-0-;A/,
9b She often goes to a temple to worship. #R-3R-o/-0<-z-#%-.-3)=-2<-:PR-2-<J.,
10 The coldest season of the year is winter. =R-$&A$-$A-/%-(J?-:H$?-0:A-.?-5$?-/A-.$/-.?-;A/,
10a Qinghai Lake is the biggest lake in Central Asia. 35S- }R/- 0R- /A- ;- \A%- .2?- #=- .- (J?- (J- 2: A-
35S-<J.,
10b Musk is the most expensive product in Mahdo County. \-lA-/A-k-!R.-mR%-/?-,R/-m?-@-
&%-l-(J/-8A$-<J.,
107
11 Which season do you like best--spring, summer, autumn, or winter? .JA.-! .L<-
#, !R/-! ;%-/-.$/-#-2&?-=?-HR.-<%-(J?-.$:-2:A-.?-5$?-/A-$%-;A/,
11a My mother gets up earliest in my family. %?-A-3-/A-2.$-$A-HA3-.-3=-=?-=%?-0-(J?-}-2-
;A/,
11b I like Tibetan songs best. %-<%-2R.-GA-\-$8?-=-(J?-.$:,
12 I like summer better than spring. %-<%-.JA.-!-=?-.L<-.?-=-.$:,

12a I prefer autumn to winter. %-<%-.$/-#-=?-!R/-!<-.$:,
12b She likes Cairang better than Zhaxi. #R-3R-2N->A?-=?-5K-<A%-=-.$:,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1a You are coming to see her, aren't you? HR.-<%-#R-3R<-2v-<-;R%-2-3-;A/-/3,
1b She prefers English to Tibetan, doesn't she? #R-3R-2R.-;A$-=?-.LA/-;A$-=-.$:-2-;A/-0-3-
<J.-.3,
1c Your father goes to herd livestock very early, doesn't he? HR.-GA-A-1-}-3R-/?-9R$-:5S-<-
:PR-2-3-<J.-.3,
1d The grassland is very beautiful in the morning, isn't it? 8R$?-.?-GA-C-,%-/A-@-&%-36K?-
#$-w/-0-3-<J.-.3,
1e You're not a Tibetan student, are you? HR.-/A-2R.-<A$?-aR2-3-8A$-3-<J., HR.-AJ-<J.,
108
Unit 17 What's the weather like today?
#J-5/-2&-2./-0, .J-<A%-$A-$/3-$>A?-)A-:S-<J.,
1 What is the weather like today? .J-<A%-$A-$/3-$>A?-)A-:S-<J.,
It's going to be / get warmer. $/3-$>A?-)J-SR<-:PR-o-<J.,
It's sunny / cloudy / rainy / windy / snowy. *A-3-SR-2 / 3A/-3%-0 / (<-:22-0 / _%-$;$?-0
/ #-2-:22-0,
2 What's the date today? .J-<A%-5K?-.-<J.,
3 What a cold day! )A-:S:A-:H$?-0:A-*A/-3R-8A$

1 The wind is blowing strongly. _%-S$-0R:A-%%-$;$-28A/-:.$
1a The sun is shining brightly. *A-3-@-&%-SR,
1b It's raining heavily. (<-2-S$-0R-:22-28A/-:.$
1c He's suffering terribly. #R?-%R-3?-#$-MR%-28A/-:.$
2 It's going to be warmer later on. &%-3-:$R<-2<-/3-^-)J-SR<-:PR-o-<J.,

2a You will find Dondrup a good student later on. &%-3-:$R<-2<-HR.-GA?-.R/-:P2-aR2-3-
29%-2R-8A$-;A/-0-gR$?-,2,
2b The yaks are not fat, but they will be fatter later on. $;$-.J-5S<->->J.-3J., ;A/-;%-&%-3A-
:$R<-2<->->J.-o?-%J?,
3 The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. N%-$R<-;R%-2:A-(J?-29%-2:A-.?-5$?-

/A-.JA.-!:3-!R/-!-<J.,
3a The most interesting way to go to Lhasa is walking on foot. b%-,%-.-z-?<-2PR.-0-/A-
(J?-3R-$%-w/-0:A-:PR-,2?->A$-<J.,
3bThe best student in my class is Huadan. .0=-w/-/A-%-5S-:6B/-9:A-(J?-29%-2R:A-aR2-3-;A/,
4 I don't like winter because there is too much snow and ice. %-<%-.$/-#<-3A-.$:-!J, o-
35/-/A-#-2-.%-:H$?-.<-3%-0?-?R,
109
4a I like spring best because there're many beautiful flowers. %-<%-(J?-.$:-2-/A-.JA.-!-
;A/, o-35/-/A-36K?-#$-w/-0:A-3J-+R$-3%-0R:C-KA<,
4b He's late because he got up late. #R-<%-3=-=?-=%?-:KA-2?-eJ?-?-=?,
4c I love summer because I like swimming. %-.L<-.?-=-.$:, o-35/-/A-%-(-=-n=-2<-.$:-
2?-?R,
5 You need to wear lots of warm clothes. HR.-GA?-$R/-0-SR/-0R-3%-0R-IR/-.$R?,

5a You don't need to come if you feel sick. HR.-=-/-5-L%-;R.-/-3-;R%-/:%-(R$
5b You don't need to herd livestock if it snows. #-2-22?-/-HR.-GA?-K$?-:5S-3A-.$R?,
6 The seasons of the year in Britain and the USA are nearly the same. .LA/- )A- .%- A- <A: A- o=-
#2-$*A?-GA-=R-<J:A-.?-5$?-1=-(J<-$&A$-35%?-<J.,
6a The landscapes in Tibet and Qinghai are nearly the same. 2R.-uR%?-.%-35S-}R/-IA-;=-
uR%?-1=-(J<-$&A$-35%?-<J.,
6b His answer and mine are the same. #R:A-SA?-=/-%:A-.J-.%-$&A$-35%?-<J.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,

Nouns 3A%-5B$ Adjectives (R?-2eR.-GA-5B$
sun *A-3, sunny *A-3-SR-2:A,
wind _%-, windy _%-$;$?-0:A,
cloud 3A/, cloudy 3A/-:,A2?-0:A,
snow #-2, snowy #-2:A-$;R$?-0:A,
health $9$?-$8A-2.J-0R, healthy 2.J-,%-.-$/?-0:A,
anger #R%-OR-=%?-0, angry #R%-OR-=%?-0:A,
hope <J-2, hopeful <J-2?-#J%?-0,
beauty 36K?-#$ beautiful 36K?-0:A,
110
Adjectives (R?-2eR.-GA-5B$ Adverbs 2$/-5B$
quick 3IR$?-0R, quickly M<-3R:C-%%-,
heavy tA-3R, heavily tA-3R:C-%%-,
bright $?=-2, brightly $?=-2R:C-%%-,
careful ?J3?-(%-, carefully ?J3?-(%-|R?,
happy .$:-2, happily .$:-3R:A-%%-,
usual o/-., usually .?-o/-.,
strong Y-2, strongly Y-3OJ$?-|R?,
111
Unit 18 Come to the party!
#J-5/-2&R-2o.-0, .$%-5S$?-=-1J2?-<R$?,
1 Thank you very much for asking me to the party. HJ.-GA?-%-<%-.$R%-5S$?-?-$./-:SJ/-8?-0<-
2!:-SA/->A/-+-(J,
2 Happy birthday! *J?-{<-=-gJ/-:VJ=-8,
3 Here is your present. :.A-/A-HJ.-GA-=J$?-*J?-;A/,
4 I’m sure he would love to come. %?-#R-<%-;R%-:.R.-0-#$-,J$-LJ.-,2,

1 I’m going to have a party. %-.$R%-5S$?->A$-=-:PR-o,
2 I'm going to have breakfast / lunch / supper. %?-/%?-)- / SR?-)- / .$R%-)-:,%-o,
3 I'm going to water my horse. %?-g-=-(-w.-o,
4 A: Would you like to come? HR.-<%-;R%-:.R.-.3,
B: Sure. I would love to come. =R?-:.R., %-;R%-:.R.,
4a A: Would you like more tsamba. HR.-GA?-l3-0-3%-43-9-:.R.-.3,
B: No, thanks. I'm full. 3A/, 2!:-SA/-(J, %-:P%?-:.$
5 I'm sorry I'm late. %-eJ?-?-=?-?R%-0?-,$?-o=-3-28J%?,
5a I'm sorry to hear that your mother was ill. HR.-GA-A-3<-/-2-,R?-0?-%:A-?J3?-0-*R,
5b I'm sorry you can't go there with Tibetan students. ,$?-o=-3-28J%?, HR.-?-.J<-2R.-
<A$?-aR2-3-.%-3*3-.-:PR-3A-(R$
6 Everything was ready. 5%-3-P-1A$-L?-9A/,
6a Zhaxi, is dinner ready? I'm hungry. 2N->A?, .$R%-)-P-1A$-L?-;R.-.3, %:A-1R-2-vR$?-$A
6b Is your family ready for the New Year? HJ.-5%-$A?-=R-$?<-=-P-1A$-L?-;R.-.3,
7 All the food was on the table. 9-3-;R.-5.-&R$-4K-!J%-.-;R.,
7a All the female yaks are in the shed. :VA-5%-3-/R<-G:A-/%-.-;R.,
7b All the apples are in the fridge. !->-5%-3-:H$-|3-/%-.-;R.,
112
8 Oncu felt very happy. :R-35S<-@-&%-.$:-$%-*J?,
8a The grassland is very big. C-,%->A/-.-(J,
8b Zhaxi looks like his father. 2N->A?-#R-2R:C-A-1-.%-<A$-:S-<J.,
9 Cairang ran to the door and found Dorji outside. 5K-<A%-|R-KR$?-?-o$?-+J-hR-eJ-|R-/-;R.-0->J?,
9a Look! Some boys are playing football outside. vR?-.%-, 2-(%-:$?-KA-<R=-.-b%-lJ.-%R-=R-
lJ.-28A/-;R.,
9b Let's meet outside the school. %-5S-aR2-9:A-KA-<R=-.-,$
10 Can I have a look at your picture? %?-HR.-GA-:S-0<-=-vR?-/-AJ-(R$
8a You can come later than you did yesterday. HR.-#-?%-=?-.=-3R-L?-+J-;R%-(R$
8b You can't herd sheep in the early morning, you can herd them later. :.A-:S:A-}-3R-
8A$-/?-HJ.-GA?-=$-:5S-3A-*/, &%-43-:$R<-eJ?-:5S?-/-(R$
11 There is no time. .?-5S.-3J.,
11a I have no money with me today. .J-<A%-%:A-=$-+-|R<-3R-3J.,
11b I have no time to go there with you. %-HJ.-.%-3*3-.-?-.J<-:PR-2:A-.?-5S.-3J.,
12 She wears a beautiful flower in her hair. #R-3R?-0-/%-.-36K?-0:A-3J-+R$-8A$-$?J2-;R.,
12a Meduk wears a warm Tibetan robe. 3J-+R$-$A?-2R.-H-SR/-0R-8A$-IR/-;R.,
13 May I have some dry yak meat? %?-/R<->-{3-0R-:$:- 29:-(R$-$3,
13a May I come? %-;R%-/-(R$-$3,
13b May I take this book to my home? %?-.0J-(-:.A-;=-=-:HJ<-(R$-$3,
13c May I have another bowl of yoghurt, please? %?-.-<%-8R-.!<-;R=-$%-:,%-/-(R$-$3,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Using "would like". || "Would like";A-2!R=-!%?,
1 ,R$-3<-$>3-IA-.0J<-2eR.-$*A?-=-vR?-.%-,
1a I am thirsty. I would like a bottle of water.
1b I am thirsty. I want a bottle of water.
113
"Would like"8J?-0:A-/%-.R/-/A-"want".%-1=-(J<-35%?-0-3-9.-2lA-2!<-IA-2eR.-YR=-8A$-;A/, :.A-
=-H.-(R?-:$:-;R.-0-$>3-v<,
1c .J-3A-$-$?3-0-.%-3*3-.-.R<-{2?-eJ?-?-"-s".R<-3A-.$R?,
1d He would like some tea.
1e She would like some tea.
"Would like"/A-#-{.-/%-.-o/-w/-IA-2#?-/?-2!R=-(R$-0-;A/,
1f I'd / she'd / he'd / they'd / we'd like a glass of tea.
"Would like":.A-o?-2>.-GA-i3-0:A-{2?-?-LJ.-0-0R:A-eJ?-?-.R<-.$R?-+J-5B$-$A-P2-!%?-/A- "LJ.-0-0R-
+would like+L-2:A-;="v<-;A/,
1g I would like some tea.
1h He would like some tea.
1i You would like some tea.
:SA-5B$-$A-{2?-?-"Would"LJ.-0-0R:A-}/-.-:)R$-.$R?,
1j Would you like some milk tea?
1k Would he like some milk tea?
1l Would she like some milk tea?
SA?-=/-IA-{2?-"I would"8J?-=/-2+2-(R$
1m I would you like some milk tea.
1n You would like some milk tea.
1o He would like some milk tea.
2 "Would like"2!R=-/?-3-:R%?-2:A-.?-$%-<%-8A$-$A-/%-.- L-2-$%-8A$-212-:.R.-0-!R/-(R$-0-;A/-+J-.J:A-

,A<-2+%-$A-5B$-$A-P2-!%?-/A-"LJ.-0-0R+would like+to+L-5B$-$A-l-2:A-i3-0";A/,
2a Would you like to go to Lhasa? HR.-z-?-<-:PR-:.R.-.3,
2b I would love to go. %-<%-:PR-:.R.,
2c A: Would you like to come to my birthday party? HR.-<%-2.$-$A-*J?-{<-IA-.$R%-5S$?-?-
1J2?-:.R.-.3,
B: Sure. I would love to come. =R?-;R., %-<%-;R%-:.R.,
2d A: Would you like to come to have dinner with me? HR.-<%-%-.%-3*3-.-.$R%-9?-29:-
2<-;R%-:.R.-.3,
B: Sorry. I'm afraid I wouldn't. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, %?-2v?-/-%-<%-;R%-,2-o-3-<J.,
114
Unit 19 A weather report
#J-5/-2&-.$-0, $/3-$>A?-}R/-2h,
1 It will get better soon. &%-3A-:$R<-2<-)J-29%-.-:PR-%J?,
2 Will it last long? .J-.?-5S.-<A%-0R-8A$-:$R<-.$R?-?3,
3 Don't say that before you look at the picture. :S-0<-.J<-3-vR?-}R/-.J-v<-3-2>.,
4 Nice to see you. HR.-.%-:U.-0?->A/-+-3R,
5 I know why you came. %?-HR.-&A:A-KA<-;R%-2->J?,
6 What bad weather! )A-:S:A-$/3-$>A?-%/-0-8A$

1 The radio says the sun will come out later. 1-#.-:#R<-=R<-$8A$?-/-&%-3A-:$R<-2<-*A-3-><-o-
<J.,
1a The moon has come out. ^-2-><-L%-,
1b I don’t think the marmot will come out of its hole today because there is a big dog
sniffing outside the hole. HA-(J/-0R-8A$-$A?-#%-2:A-KA-/-$R3-28A/-:.$-0?-%?-:KA-2-.J-.J-<A%-KA<-3A-
;R%-~3,
2 The radio says the clouds will lift quite quickly. 1-#.-:#R<-=R:A-/%-2>.-0-v<-/-&%-3A-:$R<-
2<-$/3-%R-?%?-2<-:I<-o-<J.-9J<,
2a The old man says the weather will be nice soon. c/-0R-.J?-&%-3A-:$R<-2<-$/3-$>A?-)J-
29%-.-:PR-o-<J.-9J<,
2b The radio says it's going to be windy tomorrow. 1-#.-:#R<-=R?-2>.-0-v<-/-?%-*A/-_%-
$;$-o-<J.-9J<,
3 Our TV set was broken last week. %-5S:A-2f/-:UA/-$9:-:#R<-}R/-3<-($-?R%-,

3a I don't know the time, because my watch is broken. %:A-(-5S.-:#R<-=R<-($-*R/-L%-;R.-
2?-.?-5S.-.-;A/-0-3A->J?,
115
3b He didn't do morning exercise because his leg is broken. #R:C-b%-2-2&$-;R.-0?-#R-8R$?-
l=-3-lJ.,
4 It'll take only ten minutes to walk there. .J<-b%-,%-.-?R%-/-{<-3-2&-3-$+R$?-3A-.$R?,

4a It's easier to say than to do. 12-0-=?-2>.-0-a,
4b It's important to learn English well. .LA/-;A$-=J$?-0<-.R%-o-$=-(J,
5 I know why you came. HR.-&A:A-KA<-;R%-2-%?->J?,

5a I didn't know you were here. %?-HR.-:.A-/-;R.-0-3->J?,
5b I don't know why Zhaxi dislikes watching TV. %?-2N->A?-&A:A-KA<-2f/-:UA/-=-2v-o<-3A-
.$:-2-3A->J?,
6 You want to get your TV set back, don't you? HR?-<%-$A-2f/-:UA/-KA<-=J/-:.R.-0-3-;A/-/3,

6a Your parents go to herd livestock early every morning, don't they? HR.-GA-1-3-$*A?-
*A/-o/-/%?-}-3R<-K$?-9R$-:5S-<-:PR-2-3-;A/-/3,
6b You don't know what this word means, do you? HR.-GA?-3A%-5B$-:.A:A-.R/-&A-;A/-0-3A->J?,
HR.-GA?->J?-?3,
7 I finished my homework before I went home. ;=-=-3-=R$-}R/-.-%?-=?-L-212?-9A/,

7a You must wash your hands before you eat. HR.-GA?-9-3-3-9R?-}R/-.-%J?-0<-.-=$-0-2N-
.$R?,
7b I got up yesterday before the sun rose. #-?%-%-*A-3-3-><-$R%-.-3=-=?-=%?-0-;A/,
8 Let's go for a walk. %-5S-3R-:(3-8A$-=-:PR,

8a I usually go out for a walk after supper. %-.?-o/-.$R%-)-:,%-eJ?-KA-<R=-.-3R-:(3-=-:PR-2-
;A/,
8b Let's go home. Let's go to the park. %-5S-;=-=-:PR %-5S-3A-.3%?-,A-\A%-.-:PR
9 We'll wait for you outside the school gate. %-5S?-aR2-9:A-|R-(J/-KA-<R=-/?-HR.-=-|$

9a Please go first, I have to wait for Cairang. HR.-}R/-=-?R%-, %?-5K-<A%-=-|$-.$R?,
9b Meduk, your friend is waiting for you outside. 3J-+R$ HJ.-GA-PR$?-0R?-KA-<R=-.-HR.-=-|$-:.$
116
10 The day after tomorrow will be Sunday. $/%?-*A/-/A-$9:-*A-3-;A/,
10a It was Teachers' Day yesterday. #-?%-/A-.$J-c/-IA-.?-(J/-<J.,
10b It'll be rainy tomorrow. ?%-*A/-(<-2-:22-o-<J.,
11 There will be an English test next week. $9:-:#R<-eJ?-3<-.LA/-;A$-$A-o$?-8A$-=J/-o-<J.,

11a There will be snow tonight in Qinghai. 35S-}R/-=-.R-.$R%-#-2-:22-o-<J.,
11b There will be a meeting this afternoon. KA-SR-:5S$?-:.-8A$-;R.-%J?,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Using "Will" ||"Will";A-2!R=-!%?,
.J-;%-"Will" 2!R=-/?-3-:R%?-2:A-.?-$%-<%-8A$-$A-/%-.R/-.$-$-$J-3R-8A$-:L%-2<-:I<-2-.%-212-o-
;A/-0-!R/-0-8A$-;A/,
1 "Will";A-eJ?-?-L-5B$-$A-l-2:A-i3-0-.R<-.$R?,
1a They will go to Lhasa next year. $9:-:#R<-eJ?-3<-#R-5S-z-?<-:PR-o-<J.,
1b He will have a party tonight. .R-.$R%-#R<-.$R%-:5S$?-8A$-;R.-0-<J.,
2 "Will";A-eJ?-?-"+to eat"v-2-!J-i3-0-%J?-3J.-GA-L-5B$-.R<-3A-<%-,
2a She will come back three weeks later. (:PA$) $9:-:#R<-$?3-IA-eJ?-?-#R-3R-KA<-;R%-o-<J.,
2b I will to go to school tomorrow. (/R<)
3 "Will"/A-52-5B$-.%-3*3-.-.<-5K-2#?-:VA-L?-(R$-!J,
I'll, she'll, he'll, they'll, we'll, you'll.
5 "Will";A-.$$-1:A-i3-0-/A-"will not=won't";A/,
5a They will hold a sports meeting the day after tomorrow. $/%?-*A/-#R-5S?-=?-l=-5S$?-
:.-8A$-2#-o-<J.,
5b We won't leave before nine. %-5S-.?-5S.-.$:A-}R/-.-#-3A-:V=,
117
Unit 20 What do English people eat?
#J-5/-*A->-0, .LA/-)A-2?-&A-8A$-29:-2-<J.,
1 I have no idea. %-=-,2?-2!R.-3J., %?-3A->J?,
2 It's my favourite. .J-/A-%:A-.$:-KR$?-;A/,
3 Could you pass me the salt, please? HJ.-GA?-D-.J-%-=-!J<-,2-23,
4 In England, people eat fish and chips. .LA/-)A-<-3A-5%-3?-*->-.%-2$-=J2-9-2-;A/,
5 In Tibetan places, people eat tsamba and meat. 2R.-;=-.-3A-5%-3?-l3-0-.%->-9-2-;A/,

1 Cairang's coming tonight.5K-<A%-.R-.$R%-;R%-o-<J.,
1a Look! The bus is coming. vR?-.%-, _%?-:#R<-,R/-,=,
1b I'm going to Lhasa on Monday. %-<%-$9:-^-2:A-*A/-z-?<-:PR-o-;A/,
2 You must help me do the cooking this afternoon. .J-<A%-KA-SR-HJ.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-%-=-9?-$;R-

<R$?-LJ.-.$R?,
2a Can you help me move the heavy box? HJ.-GA?-%-=-<R$?-L?-+J-|3-(%-uA.-3R-:.A-|=-,2-23,
2b Zhaxi often helps his parents do the housework. 2N->A?-GA?-/3-o/-1-3<-<R$?-L?-+J-HA3-
=?-=?-0-<J.,
3 It's my favourite..J-/A-%:A-.$:-KR$?-;A/,
3a Tsamba is my favourite food. %-<%-(J?-.$:-2:A-9-3-/A-l3-0-;A/,
3b Dorri is my favourite Tibetan singer. hR-<J.-/A-%-<%-(J?-.$:-2:A-2R.-<A$?-\-2-;A/,
4 Let's give her something different to eat.

%-5S?-#R-3R<-9?-<A$?-3A-$&A$-0-8A$-9-<-:)$
4a I have a few words to say on this question. :SA-$8A-:.A<-%-=-2>.-o-5B$-:$:-;R.,
4b Stop talking, I have something important to tell you. #-<R$?-#R.-.%-, %-HJ.-=-.R/-.$-
$=-(J/-8A$-2>.-o-;R.,
118
5 A: Would you like a cup of tea? HR.-GA?-)-.!<-;R=-$%-:,%-/-:.R.-.3,
B: Yes, please. :.R.-$A
5a A: Would you like a glass of milk? HR.-GA?-:R-3->J=-1R<-$%-:,%-/-:.R.-.3,
B: No, I'd like some water. 3A/, %?-(-:,%-/-:.R.-$A
5b A: Would you like something to drink? HR.-GA?-:,%-o-:S-:.R.-.3,
B: No, thanks. 3A/, 2!:-SA/-(J,
6 It must be more delicious! .J-.J-=?-8A3-3%<-w/-0-#R-,$-;A/,

6a He must be right. #R-:PA$-0-#R-,$-;A/,
6b I must go to the train station. %-%J?-0<-.-3J-:#R<-?-5$?-=-:PR-.$R?,
7 Please give me a ring after you talk to your parents. HR.-GA?-1-3-$*A?-=-#-2h-L?-eJ?-%-=-#-

0<-8A$-$+R%-<R$?,
7a Please write a letter to me after you arrive in America. HR.-<%-A-3J-<-#<-,R/-eJ?-2.$-=-
;A-$J-8A$-2{<-<R$?,
7b He asked me to bring some butter when I come to school. #R?-%-<%-aR2-9<-;R%-.?-3<-
8A$-:HJ<->R$-9J<,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 Which is the most delicious, beef, mutton, or tsamba? 1$->, =$->-.%-l3-0-=?-(J?-8A3-0-
$%-<J.,
2 A tiger is more dangerous than a cat. LA-=-=?-!$-*J/-#-(J,
3 Which is more popular, horse-racing or yak-racing? g-o$?-.%-$;$-o$?-=?-.<-H2-(J-2-
$%-<J.,
4 Zhaxi is taller than Cairang. 2N->A?-/A-5K-<A%-=?-$9$?-<A%-,
5 You have much more ability in written Tibetan than I do. 2R.-;A$-VA?-/-HR.-%-=?-29%-,
119
#J-5/-*J<-$&A$-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,
1 What can I do for you? %?-HR.-=-&A-8A$-212-.$R?,
2 I need to do some shopping. %-5S%-o$-0<-:PR-.$R?,
3 The children played happily in the park. ,A-\A%-.-LA?-0-i3?-.$:-3R:A-%%-lJ.-3R-lJ.,
3a I made some dumplings last night. 3.%-.$R%-%?-(-24S?-5S.-3-:$:-=?,
4 Do it carefully, don't be nervous! 8A2-5$?-GA?-12?-.%-:52-(-3-=%?,

1 She wanted to get ready for the party.#R-3R?-.$R%-5S$?-=-P-1A$-LJ.-/-:.R.,
1a Doma's mother is getting ready for the temple meeting. 1R=-3:A-3-=R?-.$R/-0:A-(R?-
5S$?-=-P-1A$-LJ.-28A/-;R.,
1b The herdsmen are getting ready for the New Year. :VR$-0-i3?-GA?-=R-$?<-=-P-1A$-LJ.-
28A/-;R.,
2 Not everyone likes chicken. 3A-5%-3-L->-=-.$:-2-3-<J.,

2a Not every student can answer the question. aR2-3-;R.-5.-GA?-SA-2-:.A:A-SA?-=/-:.J2?-,2-0-
3-<J.,
2b Not everyone envies her. 5%-3?-#R-3R<-U$-.R$-LJ.-0-3-<J.,
3 We'll need one more. %-5S<-.-<%-$&A$-.$R?,

3a What delicious candy! I want one more piece. )A-:S:A-!-<-3%<-3R-8A$ %-=-.-<%-$&A$-
.$R?,
4 The students are cleaning the classroom. Some are sweeping the floor. The others are
cleaning the windows and doors. aR2-PR$?-i3?-GA?-aR2-#%-=-$4%-4-LJ.-28A/-;R., =-=?-,%-
=-$.-2.<-LJ.-28A/-;R., $8/-i3?-GA?-|R-.%-S-3-:KA.-28A/-;R.,
4a Here are three pencils. One is red, another is blue, the third is yellow. :.A-/-8-/$-
$?3-;R., $&A$-/A-.3<-0R-;A/, $&A$-/A-}R/-0R-.%-$8/-8A$-/A-?J<-0R-;A/,
120
4b My family has a large number of livestock that includes yaks, sheep, and horses.
%J.-5%-=-g-/R<-=$-$?3-:.?-0:A-|R-9R$-3%-0R-;R.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 How beautiful the garden is! )A-:S:A-w3-G-36K?-0R-8A$
2 How delicious the food is! )A-:S:A-9-3-8A3-0R-8A$
3 How well you sing! HR.-GA-{.-)A-:S:A-;$-0-=,
4 What a funny man he is! #R-/A-)A-:S:A-3A-3R-2-w/-0-8A$-<J.,
5 What an interesting film it is! )A-:S:A-\R$-2f/-;$-0R-8A$
6 What beautiful girls they are! 2-3R-.J-5S-)A-:S:A-36K?-0-=,
121
Unit 22 What a good, kind girl
#J-5/-*J<-$*A?-0, &A-:S:A-2-3R-L3?-=-29%-2-8A$
Useful Expressions o/-,R.-5B$-.R<,
1 Which is the way to the bus-station, please? _%?-:#R<-?-5$?-=-:PR-2:A-=3-$%-<J.,
2 What's the matter? .R/-&A-8A$-<J.,
3 Go down this street. Y%-=3-:.A-=?-3<-=-?R%-,
4 How can I get to the Yak Hotel? %-<%-$;$-3PR/-#%-.-)A-v<-:PR-.$R?,
5 What a kind girl! &A-:S:A-2-3R-L3?-?J3?-&/-8A$

1 Excuse me, where is the Qinghai Hotel, please? .$R%?-0-5S3-=$?, 35S-}R/-3PR/-#%-$%-.-
;R.-.3,
1a Where is your home? HJ.-GA-;=-$%-/-;R.,
1b How do you get home? HR.-;=-=-)A-v<-:PR-2-;A/,
1c Where do your parents live? HJ.-GA-1-3-$*A?-!-$%-.-2#.-;R.-.3,

2 Go down this way until you reach the end. HJ.-<%-=3-:.A:A-$J-3R<-,$-<$-2<-.-?R%-,
2a They reached Lhasa two weeks ago. #R-5S-$9:-:#R<-$*A?-GA-}R/-.-z-?<-:LR<,
2b You must wait until I come back. %-KA<-,R/-<$-2<-.-HR.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-|$-.$R?,
2c A: When will you get to Qinghai Lake? /3-8A$-=-HR.-<%-35S-}R/-0R<-:LR<-%J?,
B: I'll get there tomorrow. ?%-*A/-%-<%-.J<-,R/-%J?,
3 The address was on a piece of paper, but I can't find it now. ?-3A%-.J->R$-zJ2-&A$-$A-!J%-.-
;R., :R/-G%-.-v-%?-.J-3A-fJ.,
3a Zhaxi found Lhamo's watch, so she thanked him. 2N->A?-GA?-z-3R:C-.?-5S.-fJ.-0?-#R-3R?-
#R-=-2!:-SA/-8?,
3b I looked for my watch everywhere, but I couldn't find it. %?-<%-$A-.?-5S.-.J-$%-;A/-?<-
24=-3R., :R/-G%-3-fJ.,
122
L-2-.J-:P2-0<-HJ.-=-.?-5S.-KJ.-!-.$R?,
4 It'll take you half an hour.
4a. How long does it take you to go to school? HR.-aR2-9<-:PR-2<-.?-5S.-.-.$R?,
4b It takes me twenty minutes. {<-3-*A->-.$R?,
5 It may be in your inside pocket..J-HR.-GA-#$-3-/%-3:A-/%-.-;R.-YA.,

5a Let's ask that old man. He may know. %-5S?-c/-0R-$/-=-:SA-.%-, #R?-1=-(J<->J?-YA.,
5b He goes to work on foot. So do I. #R-b%-,%-$A?-L-2<-:PR-2-;A/, %-;%-$&A$-0-;A/,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Using "may." || "may";A-2!R=-5=,
1 "LJ.-0-0R+may+L-5B$" ;A/-0:A-{2?-?-L-2-$%-8A$-3-:R%?-0<-:L%-YA.-0-!R/-0-!J,
1a I may go herding tomorrow? ?%-*A/-%-<%-K$?-:5S-2<-:PR-YA.,
:.A:A-.$$-1:A-i3-0-/A-"LJ.-0-0R+may+not+L-5B$";A/,
2b I may not go herding tomorrow.
2 "May'';A-2!R=-5=-$8/-8A$-/A-2lA-2!<-IA?-|R-/?-L-2-$%-8A$-212-(R$-3A/-:SA-2-$>3-v<,
2a May I come in? %-<%-/%-.-;R%-/-(R$-$3,
2b May I borrow your pen? %?-HR.-GA-t$?-/$-$;<-/-(R$-$3,
2c May I have a look at the picture? %?-:S-0<-.J<-2v?-/-(R$-$3,
3 "May" .%-"will" /3-;A/-;%-3*3-.-2!R=-3A-(R$
123
Unit 23 You mustn't play on the road
#J-5/-*J<-$?3-0, HR.-<%-=3-/%-.-lJ.-3A-<%-,

1 You mustn't eat anything before the blood test. O$-2>J<-3-L?-$R%-HR.-GA?-#-9?-&A-;%-9-3A-
<%-,
2 If you don't go soon, you'll be late. HR.-M<-2<-3-?R%-/-eJ?-?-=?-%J?,
3 You must wait for your turn. HR?-%J?-0<-.-<%-$A-<J?-,R/-<$-2<-.-|$-.$R?,
4 If you aren't careful, a car may hit you. $=-+J-HR.-GA?-?J3?-(%-3-L?-/-_%?-:#R<-8A$-$A?-o$-
%J?,

1 You must be careful. HR.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-?J3?-(%-LJ.-.$R?,
1a Must I finish my homework before supper? %?-%J?-0<-.-.$R%-):A-}R/-=-=?-L-5<-.$R?-
?3,
1b Must Zhaxi clean the classroom before class? 2N->A?-GA?-%J?-0<-.-aR2-OA.-GA-}R/-=-aR2-
#%-.-$4%-.$-LJ.-.$R?-?3,
2 If you study hard, you may pass the exam. HR.-GA?-aR2-.R%-=-:2.-0-L?-/-o$?-:UR.-%J?,

2a If you get up late, you will be late for school. HR.-<%-=%?-:KA-/-aR2-OA.-GA-eJ?-?-=?-%J?,
2b If you do that again, you will be sorry. HR.-GA?-.-.%-.J-v<-212-5K, HR.-<%-:IR.-%J?,
3 It's too dangerous to go there. .J<-?R%-/-*J/-#-@-&%-(J,

3a I'm too busy to write to you often. %-<%-@-&%-VJ=-2-(J-2?, .?-o/-HR.-=-;A-$J-2{<-3A-,2,
3b It's too hard to move this big box. |3-(J/-0R-.J-1<-2$<-o-/A-@-&%-#$-0R-<J.,
4 At the head of the queue was an old man. P=-3$R-/-;R.-0-/A-c/-0R-=R-=R/-8A$-;A/,

4a She is short, so she is standing at the head of the queue. #R-3R:C-$9$?-,%-2?-P=-3$R<-
=%?-:.$
4b My home is near Lhasa City. %:A-1-;=-z-?-PR%-HJ<-.%-,$-*J,
124
5 Everyone laughed at the woman's mistake. 3A-5%-3?-2.-3J.-.J:A-*R/-=-OJ=-.$R.-L?,
5a Don't laugh at others when they are in trouble. 3A-$8/-.!:-#$-=-,$-;R.-.?-OJ=-.$R.-3-
LJ.,
5b He was laughed at by his friends. #R:C-PR$?-0R-5S?-#R-=-OJ=-.$R.-L?,
6 You mustn't eat anything until you see a doctor. (/-0<-3-2!J/-0:A-}R/-.-HR.-GA?-&A-;%-9-3A-

<%-,
6a He didn't go to bed until 9 o'clock..?-5S.-.$-=-,R/-<$-2<-.-#R-<%-3-*=,
6b I won't understand it until you explain it to me. HR?-:PJ=-2>.-3-L?-2<-.-%?-.J:A-.R/-3A-
gR$?,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Using "must."|| "must";A-2!R=-!%?,
"must"=-l-2:A-2!R=-!%?-i3-0-$*A?-;R.-.J-.%-2R-/A,
1 3A-$-$-$J-3R-8A$-$A-$>A?-!-.%-$/?-22?-?R$?-.J-:S-2-8A$-;A/-YA.-~3-0:A-5S.-.0$-LJ.-0-.0J<-/,
1a Ann plays basketball every day. She must like playing basketball. A/-/A-;A?-*A/-o/-.-
r%-=A-lJ.-0?-3R-<%-r%-=A-lJ.-o<-.$:-2-#R-,$-<J.,
2 ;A/-$&A$-3A/-$*A?-!J-%J?-0<-.-212-.$R?-0:A-L-2-!R/-0-.0J<-/,
2a You must buy a ticket. HR.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-%-?J-8A$-*R-.$R?,
2b You must go now. HR.-<%-%J?-0<-.-.-v-:PR-.$R?,
2c If you are ill, you must go to see the doctor. $=-+J-HR.-=-/-5-L%-5K-%J?-0<-.-(/-0<-!R/-
.$R?,
125
Unit 24 What do you have to do?
#J-5/-*J<-28A-0, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-.$R?,
1 I have to look after the baby. %?-%J?-0<-.-LA?-0-:.A-=-2v-*R%-LJ.-.$R?,
2 She will come if she can. $=-+J-#R-3R-;R%-,2-/-3R-;R%-%J?,
3 Keep everything clean and tidy. ;R.-5.-$4%-.$-LJ.-.$R?,
4 I often feel tired. %-/3-o/-.-,%-(.-0-<J.,
5 If you do that, you'll soon feel much healthier. $=-+J-HJ.-GA?-.J-v<-L?-5K, &%-3A-:$R<-2<-HR.-
2.J-,%-.-:I<-%J?,

1 I have to tidy my room. %?-%J?-0<-.-<%-$A-#%-0<-$4%-4-LJ.-.$R?,
1a We have to get up early tomorrow. ?%-*A/-%-5S-%J?-0<-.-}-3R<-=%?-.$R?,
1b I have to do my homework at this moment. {2?-:.A<-%?-%J?-0<-.-=?-L-:VA-.$R?,
1c My mother is ill so I have to look after her at home. %:A-A-3-/-:.$-0?-%-<%-%J?-0<-.-
HA3-/?-2#.-.J-#R-3R<-2.$-*R%-LJ.-.$R?,
2 Every time I do housework, I feel tired. /3-o/-%?-HA3-=?-12-.?-%-<%-,%-(.-0-<J.,

2a Every time I catch a cold, I have headaches. .?-o/-%-=-(3-0-1R$-.?-%:A-3$R-/-2-<J.,
2b Every time I go to the temple, I smell burning incense. /3-o/-%-<%-.$R/-0<-:PR-.?,
%?-2.$-%R?-1R/-0:A-SA-3-5S<-,2,
3 If I work in the garden, I have to sit down and rest every five minutes. $=-+J-%?-w3-G:A-
/%-%=-lR=-L?-5K-{<-3-s-<J:A-/%-%J?-0<-.-3<-4S$-!J-%=-<J-$?R-.$R?,
3a There is a bus stop every two kilometres. ,A-=J-$*A?-<J:A-353?-/-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-:22-
5$?-<J-;R.,
3b Uncle Dorji goes to the temple every day. A-#-hR-eJ-*A/-o/-.$R/-0<-:PR
126
4 What do you mean? HR.-GA-/%-.R/-&A-8A$-;A/,
4a I mean you eat too much food, and you don’t exercise enough. %?- 2>.- o<- HJ.- GA?- 9-
3-3%-0R-9-2-=?-=?-1%-.R%-2h<-;$-0R-3A-LJ.,
4b I mean I can't come here so early. %?-2>.-o<-%-.J-:S:A-}-3R<-:.A<-;R%-3A-,2,
5 I will go instead of you. %-HR.-GA-52-+-:PR

5a We'll go to the temple instead of going to the park. ,A-\A%-=-:PR-2:A-52-+-%-5S-.$R/-0<-
:PR-o-;A/,
5b Zhaxi gave Cumu a pen instead of a pencil. 2N->A?-GA?-35S-3R<-8-/$-&A$-$A-52-+-t$?-
/$-&A$-LA/,
Grammar 2h-3R..!:-$/.,
Using ''have to." || ''Have to";A-2!R=-!%?,
''Have to";A-/%-.R/-/A-l-2:A-(-/?-"must".%-35%?-+J-nJ/-$8/-=-.3A$?-+J-L-2-(J-$J-3R-8A$-212-.$R?-
L%-2-;A/-0-!R/-0, "have to";A-:.?-0:A-i3-0-/A-"had to";A/,
1 It's too late, I have to go home. @-&%-:KA-2?-%-%J?-0<-.-;=-=-:PR-.$R?,

2 He has to work for fourteen hours a day. #R?-*A/-$&A$-=-.?-5S.-2&-28A:A-<A%-L-2-212-.$R?,
3 I lived very far from the school so I had to get up early. %-aR2-9-.%-@-&%-,$-<A%-?<-2#.-
;R.-0?-%J?-0<-.-}-3R-/?-=%?-.$R?,
4 You have to come here on time. HR.-<%-%J?-0<-.-.?-5S.-v<-$/?-:.A<-;R%-.$R?,
127
Unit 25 The visit to Monkey Island
#J-5/-*J<-s, 3J:-\A%-U/-=-2v-{R<-.-KA/-0,

1 Can't you hear anything? HR.-GA?-&A-;%-3A-$R:3,
2 Don't be afraid. 0$-3A-.$R?,
3 It's time for our lunch. SR?-)-:,%-2:A-.?-5S.-=-,R/-:.$
4 Close the door. Keep the room warm. |R-.J-oR2-.%-, #%-0-SR/-0R-IA?,
5 Take it away! .J-1<-HJ<,

1 Uncle Huadan said we could borrow his horse. A-#-.0=-w/-IA?-%-5S?-#R:C-g-$;<-(R$-9J<,
1a I'm going to borrow some English books from the library. %?-.0J-36S.-#%-/?-.LA/-
;A$-$A-.0J-(-:$:-$;<-o,
1b Don't lend the bike to others. t$?-g-.J-$8/-=-3-$;R<,
2 Shall I bring food for a picnic?3R-$?J%-$+R%-2<-%?-29:-2+%-HJ<-;R%-o-;A/-/3,

2a Shall we go to your home? %-5S-HR.-GA-HA3-=-:PR-o-;A/-/3,
2b Shall we go to play football? %-5S-?R%-/?-b%-lJ.-%R-=R-lJ.-o-;A/-/3,
2c That’s a good idea. Let's go. .J-/A-,2?-;$-0R-8A$-<J., %-5S-:PR,
3 We have never been there before. }R/-(.-%-5S-.J-=-$+/-/?-?R%-3-MR%-,

3a A: Have you ever been to Tibet? HR.-2R.-uR%?-?-?R%-MR%-%3,
B: Yes, I have. ?R%-MR%-, %-<%-?R%-MR%-,
A: Where is Dorri? hR-<J.-$%-/-;R.,
B: He has gone to Kumbum Monastery. #R-<%-{-:23-L3?-0-\A%-=-2.-?R%-,
4 Can't you hear anything?

HR.-GA?-&A-;%-3A-$R:3,
4a A: Do you have something to eat? HR.-=-9-o-;R.-.3,
128
B: Yes, but only a little bread.;R., :R/-G%-2$-=J2-&%-43-3-$+R$?-3J.,
A: Is there anybody in the dormitory-room? *=-#%-.-3A-;R.-.3,
B: No, there is nobody in the dormitory room. 3J., *=-#%-.-3A-$&A$-G%-3J.,
A: Are there any Tibetans at the cinema? \R$-2f/-#%-.-2R.-3A-;R.-.3,
B: Yes, there are some. ;R., :$:-;R.,
#R-3R-P:A-KR$?-=-o$?-:$R-2l3?,
5 She started to run to the boat.
5a They began to have class. #R-5S?-aR2-OA.-GA-:$R-2l3?,
5b Don't forget to bring your Tibetan notebook. HR.-GA-2R.-;A$-$A-:VA-.J2-:HJ<-;R%-o-3-2eJ.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 It's important to learn English well. .LA/-;A$-=J$?-0R-.R%-o-$=-(J,
2 They want to go out for a walk. #R-5S-KA-<R=-.-3R-:(3-LJ.-.-:PR-:.R.-0-<J.,
3 They went out to see what's happening. #R-5S-KA-<R=-.-&A-8A$-L%-2<-2v-<-?R%-,
4 Did you see her dance at the party? HR.-GA?-#R-3R?-3R-5S$?-!J%-.-VR-:O2-0-3,R%-MR%-%3,
129
Unit 26 A good doctor
#J-5/-*J<-S$ (/-0-29%-0R-8A$

1 She can do it all by herself. #R-3R?-L-2-;R.-5.-<%-*A.-GA?-12-,2,
2 He fell off the horse and he hurt himself. #R-g-,R$-/?-z%-+J-<%-*A.-=-k?-1R$
3 She taught herself Tibetan. #R-3R?-<%-=-2R.-;A$-OA.,
4 He is very rich, so he can buy himself lots of good things. #R-:LR<-K$-w/-0?-<%-*A.-=-
.%R?-0R-%?-=J$?-3%-0R-*R-,2,
5 He has much money. #R-=-|R<-3R-3%-0R-;R.,

1 Could she swim when she was four years old? #R-3R-=R-28A-;A/-.?-?-(<-n=-,2-23,
1a I could ride a horse when I was eight years old. %-<%-=R-2o.-;A/-.?-?-g<-8R/-,2,
1b I couldn't speak English one year ago, but now I can speak a little. =R-$&A$-$A-}R/-.-
%?-.LA/-{.-2>.-3A->J?, :R/-G%-.-{2?-%?-&%-43-2>.->J?,
#R-3R<-k?-*R/-L%-3J.-0<-(R/,
2 I hope she didn't hurt herself.
2a My left leg hurt this morning. .J-<A%-8R$?-0<-%:A-b%-0-$;R/-0<-k?-*R/-L%-,
2b He jumped down from the roof and hurt his arm. #R-#%-,R$-/?-3<-wA%-2?-=$-0<-k?-
*R/-L%-,
3 I don't enjoy myself very much. %-<%-*A.-$&A$-0<-.J-:S:A-3R-2-8A$-:R%-3A-,2,

3a A: I'm going to a birthday party tomorrow. ?%-*A/-%-<%-*J?-{<-IA-!R/-3R-8A$-=-:PR-o,
B: Oh, good! Enjoy yourself. :R, 29%-$A <%-*A.-*A.-0R-LR?,
3b I'm going to Tibet next week. $9:-:#R<-eJ?-3<-%-<%-2R.-uR%?-=-:PR-o,
3c It's good news. Enjoy yourself. :R, 29%-$A *A.-0R-<R=-.%-,
130
4 His parents didn't know what was wrong. #R:C-1-3-$*A?-!?-*R/-&A-8A$-L%-;R.-0-3->J?,
4a I want to know whose book it is. %?-:.A-?:A-.0J-(-;A/-0->J?-:.R.,
4b Do you know how they go to Burma? HR.-GA?-#R-5S-)A-v<-:2<-3-o=-#2-.-?R%-2->J?-?3,
5 She said it was going to be sunny tomorrow. #R-3R?-2>.-/-?%-*A/-*A-3-SR.-o-<J.-9J<,

5a Huadan heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away. .0=-w/-IA?-,R?-
0-v<-/-:.A-.%-,$-3A-<A%-0:A-PR%-h=-8A$-/-(/-0-29%-0R-8A$-;R.-9J<,
6 Don't worry. I'll be OK. ?J3?-#<-3-LJ., %-=-*R/-3A-:.$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
"Can"/A-/?-0:3-YA.-&J?-0:A-.R/-=-:)$-!J, :.A:A-,A<-2+%-$A-i3-0-/A-"LJ.-0-0R-+can+L-5B$-$A-l-2:A-i3-
0-"v<-;A/-=-.J:A-eJ?-?-i3-0-%J?-3J.-GA-L-5B$-2!R=-3A-(R$-=-L-5B$-$A-l-2:A-i3-0:A-eJ?-?-;%-2!R=-3A-(R$, .J:A-
.$$-5A$-$A-i3-0-/A-"can + not = cannot = can't";A/,
"Could"/A-"can";A-:.?-0:A-i3-0-;A/-=-.R/- $8/-.$-=:%-:)$-3R.-:.A<-8A2-+-3?-0<-3A-L:R,
1 They can speak Tibetan very well. #R-5S?-2R.-{.-=J$?-0R-8A$-2>.-,2,
2 I can ride horses, but Cairang can't. %-g<-8R/-,2, :R/-G%-5K-<A%-8R/-3A-,2,
3 You can go now. HR.-.-v-?R%-/-(R$
4 Could you please close the door? HR.-GA?-|R-.J-o$-,2-23,
5 I can go to Gangcha County by myself. %-$&A$-0-b%-5-mR%-,R$-+-:PR-,2,
6 You can get there by bus. HR.-,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-=-2#.-.J-.J<-?R%-(R$
131
Unit 27 Ling Feng's diary
#J-5/-*J<-2.-0, =J/-nA/-IA-*A/-,R,
1 I can hear her singing in the room. %?-#R-3R?-#%-2:A-/%-.-\-.L%?-=J/-28A/-0-,R?-,2,
2 Let's go home. %-5S-;=-=-:PR,
3 It stopped raining. (<-:22-353?-28$-:.$
4 The teacher asked us to stop talking. .$J-c/-IA?-%-5S-=-#-2h-3-LJ.-&J?-$?%?,
5 I told him the whole story. %?-#R-=-$+3-o.-ZA=-2R-2>.,
6 I nearly forgot! %?-&%-43-3A/-/-2eJ.-9A/,

1 How did Zhaxi make the baby stop crying? 2N->A?-GA?-)A-v<-LA?-0-.J:A-%-353?-28$-0-<J.,
1a I saw him playing on the playground. %?-#R-l=-.R%-G-2-/-lJ.-28A/-0-3,R%-,
1b My classmates all went to People's Park. %:A-aR2-PR$?-5%-3-3A-.3%?-,A-\A%-.-2.-?R%-,
2 At first she was asleep. .%-,R$-#R-3R-$*A.-:.$

2a At first we did not know each other, but now we're good friends. .%-,R$-%-5S?-1/-5/-
%R-3A->J?-3R.-:R/-G%-.-v-%-5S-PR$?-0R-29%-2R-;A/,
2b At first I didn't know how to ride a horse, but now I do it very well. .%-,R$-%?-g-=-
)A-v<-8R/-.$R?-0-3A->J?-3R.-:R/-G%-.-v-%-<%-.J-=-@-&%-3#?,
3 Half an hour later she woke up. .?-5S.-KJ.-!:A-eJ?-?-#R-3R-$*A.-=?-?.,

3a Please wake me up at six thirty tomorrow morning. ?%-*A/-}-3R-.?-5S.-S$-.%-KJ.-!:A-
!J%-%-$*A.-=?-aR%-<R$?,
3b Wake up! It's time to go. ;<-=R%?-.%-, .-:PR-</-:.$
4 She looked at me and cried harder and harder. #R-3R?-%-=-2v?-/?-%-{.-)J-(J-/?-)J-(J<-?R%-,

4a I looked at the blackboard, but I couldn't see anything. %?-|R-?3-!J%-=-2v?-G%-&A-;%-
3,R%-3A-,2,
4b A: What are you looking for? HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-24=-28A/-;R.,
132
B: I'm looking for my watch, but I can't find it. %?-2.$-$A-(-5S.-:#R<-=R-24=-28A/-;R., :R/-
G%-%?-.J-3A-fJ.,
5 She stopped crying and listened to the music. #R-3R?-%-353?-28$-!J-<R=-.L%?-=-*/,

5a Did you finish reading the book? HR.-GA?-.0J-(-.J-2[$?-5<-?R%-%3,
5b They are listening to the teacher's lecture / talk. #R-5S?-.$J-c/-IA-$?%-=-*/-28A/-;R.,
6 After a few minutes she started to cry again. .?-5S.-{<-3-:$:A-eJ?-?-#R-3R-;%-2*<-%-:$R-

2l3?,
6a When I go to Nepal for a holiday, will you please take care of my house? %-$/%-
2:A-{2?-2=-;=-=-?R%-eJ?, HR.-GA?-2.$-$A-#%-0<-2.$-*R%-LJ.-.3,
6b She borrowed a few books from the library. #R-3R?-.0J-36S.-#%-/?-.0J-(-:$:-$;<,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Compound Sentences :SJ?-.R<-5B$
1 You are a teacher and I am a teacher, too. HR.-<%-.$J-c/-8A$-;A/-=-%-;%-.$J-c/-8A$-;A/,
2 He worked very hard, but he did not pass the exam. #R?-:2.-0-L?-G%-o$?-3-:UR.,
3 I went to see our teacher, but he wasn't at home. %-%-5S:A-.$J-c/-=-2v-<-?R%-;%-#R-<%-HA3-.-3A-
:.$
4 I don't want to be late, so I get up very early every day. %-<%-eJ?-?-=?-3A-:.R.-0?-*A/-o/-}-
3R-/?-=%?-0-;A/,
133
#J-5/-*J<-2o., $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,
1 Look into the river. (-/%-.-vR?,
2 Look at my eyes. 2.$-$A-3A$-9%-=-vR?,
3 She lost her pen at home. #R-3R?-<%-$A-t$?-/$-HA3-/?-2R<,
4 Do you need any help? HR.-=-<R$?-<3-LJ.-.$R?-?3,
5 I can't leave before nine. .?-5S.-.$:A-}R/-.-%-:PR-3A-*/,
6 Don’t be late for work. L-2:A-eJ?-?-3-=?,

1 Why did you laugh in the end? 3)$-3,<-HR.-<%-&A:A-KA<-2$.-0-;A/,
1a He won the game in the end. 3)$-3,<-#R-<%-lJ.-3R-.J-=?-o=-?R%-,
1b He tried several times and at last he succeeded. #R?-,J%?-:$:-=-5S.-v-L?-0?-3,:-3)$-
#R-<%-o=-?R%-,
2 Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. /3-o/-#R?-
YR$-($?-(%-2-8A$-=-#R-<%-=-9-3-*J=-.-&A$
2a One of the students is Meduk. aR2-3-.J-.$-=?-$&A$-/A-3J-+R$-<J.,
2b Canada is one of the biggest countries in the world. #-/-+-/A-:63-\A%-!J%-(J?-(J-2:A-o=-
#2-&A$-;A/,
3 I'll speak to him.

%?-#R-=-#-2h-L-o,
3a Please speak loudly! {.-3,R/-0R?->R.-<R$?,
3b A: How can you guess I'm from Chamdo? HR.-GA?-%-<%-(2-3.R-/?-;R%-2-)A-v<->J?-2-;A/,
B: The way you speak. HR.-GA-2>.-5=-=?,
4 I never lie. / I never tell lies. %?-$+/-/?-m/-3A-2>.,
134
5 With these words the tiger jumped into the river. {.-(-:.A-.$-.%-3*3-.-!$-.J-(:A-/%-.-
3(R%?,
5a We can walk with our legs and feet. %-5S-<%-$A-b%-0<-2!J/-/?-:PR-,2,
5b Zhaxi went shopping with Cairang. 2N->A?-5K-<A%-.%-3*3-.-*R-5S%-LJ.-0<-2.-?R%-,
6 I'd like to have a talk with you. %?-HR.-.%-3*3-.-#-2h-8A$-LJ.-:.R.,

6a The teacher came into the classroom with some books in his hand. .$J-c/-IA-=$-+-
.0J-(-:$:-29%-!J-aR2-#%-.-:6=-;R%-,
6b With your help, I can finish the work in time. HJ.- GA- <R$?- <3- =?- 2.$- $A- L- 2-.?-v<-:P2-
,2,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Past Simple. ,A<-2+%-:.?-0,
,A<-2+%-:.?-0-/A-:.?-0:A-.?-%J?-&/-8A$-$A-/%-.-L-2-(J-$J-3R-8A$-L%-2-!R/-0-;A/-=-:.?-0:A-.?-!R/-LJ.-GA-
5B$-=-o/-.-$>3-IA-:.A-.$-2!R=-2-;A/-+J,
yesterday last week one minute ago
last year one hour ago last month
one day ago last night... one week ago...v-2:R,
:.A:A-,A<-2+%-$A-i3-0-/A, "LJ.-0-0R+:.?-0:A-L-5A$+L-2:A-;=-";A/,
1 Cairang gave me a new pen for my birthday. 5K-<A%-$A?-2.$-$A-*J?-{<-=-t$?-/$?-&A$-LA/,
2 My friend bought me a beautiful present. %:A-PR$?-0R?-%-=-=J$?-*J?-;$-0R-8A$-*R?,
3 We often heard her sing in the room. %-5S?-o/-.-#R-3R?-#%-0:A-/%-.-\-.L%?-=J/-28A/-0-,R?,
4 We must keep the classroom clean and tidy. %-5S?-%J?-0<-.-aR2-#%-$4%-3-.%-P=-.$-LJ.-
.$R?,
5 We usually call him Cairang Dorji. .?-o/-%-5S?-#R-=-5K-<A%-hR-eJ-8J?-:2R.,
L-5B$-$A-:.?-5B$-i3?-:.A<-;%-2*<-3A-2>.-0?-.J2-:.A:A-3)$-?-$?=-2R<-$9A$?-0<-3HJ/,
135
Students' Book 3
.J2-$?3-0,
136
Unit 1 Teacher's Day
#J-5/-.%-0R, .$J-c/-IA-.?-(J/,
1 Happy Teachers' Day! .$J-c/-IA-.?-(J/-=-gJ/-:VJ=-8,
2 Best wishes to you. HR.-=-2.J-=J$?-8,
3 Glad to see you again. HJ.-=-a<-;%-3)=-2?-3R-2-*J?,
4 Of course. =R?-(R$ =R?-;A/,
5 Zhacai is short for Zhaxi Cairang. 2N-5K-/A-2N->A?-5K-<A%-$A-2#?-3A%-<J.,
Grammar 2h-3R.,
1 Present Simple. ,A<-2+%-.-v-2,
,A<-2+%-.-v-2?-o/-w/-IA-:5S-2:A-$R3-$>A?-.%-L-:$=, L-.%R?-GA-$/?-=$?-.%-, .?-o/-/3-*A/-35/-
<J<-.%-, $9:-<J<-L%-2:A-L-2-2eR.-0-;A/,
1a What do you do? HR.-GA-L-2-&A-8A$-;A/,
1b What does the dog do? HA-:.A?-&A-LJ.-0-<J.,
1c I usually eat tsamba. %?-o/-.-l3-0-9-2-;A/,
1d Where does she work? #R-3R?-$%-.-=?-!-LJ.-0-<J.,
2 Present Continuous. LJ.-28A/-.-v-2,
LJ.-28A/-.-v-2?-L-2-$%-8A$-2>.-0-0R?-{.-(-2>.-{2?-?-L%-28A/-0:3-.-v-2:A-.?-%J?-&/-8A$-=-o/-
2YA%?-/?-L%-2:A-L-2-8A$-2eR.-0-;A/,
2a A: What are you doing? HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-28A/-;R.,
B: I'm studying some new words. %?-,-~.-$?<-2-:$:-.R%-28A/-;R.,
2b We are learning English. %-5S?-.LA/-;A$-.R%-28A/-;R.,
2c Lhamo is milking the yak. z-3R?-:VA-3R-28R-28A/-;R.,
3 Future Simple. ,A<-2+%-3-:R%?-2,
L-2-$%-8A$-3-:R%?-0<-:L%-2<-:I<-2-!R/-0-!J, .J-o/-+-"will".%-"be going to" "shall"2&?-GA?-
!R/-0-;A/,
3a We are going to go to school. %-5S-aR2-9<-:PR-lA?-;R.,
3b He will come later. #R-eJ?-/?-;R%-o-<J.,
137
3c Will you ring him up this evening? HR.-GA?-.R-.$R%-#R-=-#-0<-$+R%-o-;A/-/3,
3d They will not come to your home tomorrow. ?%-*A/-#R-5S-HJ.-5%-=-;R%-o-3-<J.,
3e I shall milk the yak. %?-:VA-.J-28R-o,
3f We shall visit the museum. %-5S-:PJ3-!R/-#%-.J-=-2v-{R<-<-:PR-o,
4 Past Simple. ,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-2,
,A<-2+%-:.?-2-/A-:.?-2:A-.?-%J?-&/-8A$-+-L%-9A/-0:A-L-2-!R/-0-;A/,
4a I went to Qinghai Lake last week. $9:-:#R<-}R/-3<-%-<%-35S-}R/-0R<-?R%-2-;A/,
4b Where did you go last Sunday? }R/-3:A-$9:-*A-3:A-*A/-HR.-$%-.-KA/-/3,
4c We had lunch at one o'clock. %-5S?-.?-5S.-$&A$-$A-!J%-SR?-)-:,%-2-;A/,
4d I finished my homework at nine thirty last night. %?-3.%-.$R%-.?-5S.-.$-.%-?3-&:A-
!J%-=?-L-VA?-5<,

1 Glad to see you. HR.-.%-3)=-2?-.$:-0R-L%-,
1a A: This is Dorji . :.A-hR-eJ-<J.,
B: How do you do? Glad to see you! HR.-2.J-3R, HR.-.%-3)=-2?-.$:-0R-L%-,
Dorji: Glad to see you, too. %-;%-HR.-.%-3)=-2?-.$:-0R-L%-,
1b T: Class, I am your new teacher. Pleased to meet you. aR2-PR$?-i3-0, %-/A-HJ.-&$-$A-
.$J-c/-$?<-2-;A/, HJ.-&$-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-,
S: Pleased to meet you, too. %-5S-;%-HJ.-.%-3)=-0?-.$:-0R-L%-,
2 Did you have a good summer holiday? HJ.-=-.L<-$/%-*A.-0R-8A$-L%-?R%-%3,
2a Danden will go back to Lhasa this summer holiday. ,J%?-:.A:A-.L<-$/%-=-g-3PA/-KA<-
z-?<-:PR-o-<J.,
3 How's Kate? #J-,-)A-:S-<J.,
3a I'm going to watch the game this afternoon, how about you? .J-<A%-KA-SR-%-<%-lJ.-3R-.J<-
2v-<-:PR-o-;A/, HR.-:PR-o-;A/-/3,
4 They are both fine. #R-$*A?-!-2.J-3R-<J.,
4a Both brothers are clever. %/-.J-$*A?-!-]R-<A$-2N-0R-:.$
4b She can both sing and dance. 3R?-\-.L%?-=J/-0-.%-VR-:O2-0-$*A?-!-/?,
138
4c They're both herdsmen. #R-$*A?-!-:VR$-0-<J.,
5 Everyone is going into the classroom. We'd better go, too. 5%-3-aR2-#%-.-:PR-28A/-:.$
%J.-&$-;%-?R%-/-29%-,
5a It's too late, we'd better go home now. @-&%-:KA-:.$-0?-.-%J.-&$-;=-=-?R%-/-29%-,
5b It's too dark, you'd better not read. ($-/$-0?-HR.-GA?-.0J-(<-3-2v?-/-29%-,
6 Not one is away. 3-;R%-2-$&A$-G%-3J.,

6a Everyone is here. 5%-3-:.A-/-;R.,
7 Here are some beautiful flowers for you, with our best wishes. :.A-/-%-5S:C-(J?-29%-0R:C-
(R/-:./-.%-2&?-HJ.-=-36K?-0:A-3J-+R$-:$:-;R.,
8 What beautiful flowers ! )A-:S:A-3J-+R$-;$-0R-:$:,

8a What a good idea! )AA-:S:A-,2?-2!R.-29%-2R-8A$
8b How beautiful the grassland is! )A-:S:A-36K?-#$-w/-0:A-C-,%-8A$-<J.-A%-,
9 The students speak English when they have English lessons. .LA/-;A$-$A-aR2-,/-/%-.-aR2-

3-i3?-GA?-.LA/-{.-2>.-0-<J.,
9a We have a Tibetan lesson today. .J-<A%-%-5S<-2R.-;A$-$A-aR2-,/-8A$-;R.,
10 Tomorrow I want you to give us a talk, Jim. )J3, ?%- *A/- HR.- GA?-%- 5S<- $?%- 2>.- &A$- $/R%?-
<R$?,
10a Tomorrow Mr Danba will give a talk in the meeting room. {-82?-2!/-0?-?%-*A/-
5S$?-:.-#%-/?-$?%-2>.-&A$-$/%-o-<J.,
11 There is nothing difficult about it. .J<-.!:-=?-&A-;%-3A-:.$

11a A: Why don't you ride your horse? HR.-&A:A-KA<-HR.-GA-g-=-3A-8R/-0-;A/,
B: There is something wrong with it. .J-=-*R/-8A$-:.$
12 What subject should I talk about? %?-&A-8A$-$A-{R<-2>.-.$R?,

12a You should help her with the housework. HR.-GA?-3R<-HA3-=?-=?-<R$?-LJ.-.$R?,
139
12b The students are talking about the film. aR2-3-i3?-GA?-\R$-2f/-.J:A-{R<-\J%-28A/-:.$
13 Maybe I could talk about English names. %?-.LA/-)A:A-3A%-$A-{R<-\J%-(R$

13a A: I don't know how to read this word. %?-3A%-5B$-:.A-)A-v<-[R$-.$R?-0-3A->J?,
B: You could go and ask the teacher. HR.-?R%-/?-.$J-c/-=$?-=-SA?-(R$
13b Maybe I could talk about Tibetan food. %?-2R.-GA-9-3:A-{R<-\J%-(R$
14 …do please… =?-<R$?-8,
14a Do tell me. %-=->R.-<R$?,
14b Do study hard. aR2-.R%-=-:2.-0-LR?,
15 family name. <?,

15a English name .LA/-;A$-$A-3A%-,
15b full name 3A%-ZA=-2R,
15c James (first / given name ,R$-3:A-3A%-,)
15d Allen (middle / given name .GA=-3A%-,)
15e Green (family name/ last name / surname <?-3A%-, 3,:-3A:A-3A%-,)
16 What subject did Jim choose? )J3-IA?-2a2-L-$%-2.3?-;R.,

16a Lhomotso is choosing books in the library. z-35S?-.0J-36S.-#%-.-.0J-(-:.3-28A/-;R.,
17 The people in the rooms below are very noisy. :R$-$A-#%-2:A-/%-.-;R.-0:A-3A-:.A-.$-=-&-&R-

3%-,
18 A: What do you call this? HR.-5S?-:.A-=-&A-9J<,

B: We call it "book." %-5S?-.J<-"book"9J<,
18a He often makes telephone calls to me. #R?-o/-+-%-=-#-0<-$+R%-,
19 I'm going to give her a book. Maybe I will give her some flowers. %?-3R-=-.0J-(-:$:-
!J<-lA?-;R., 1=-(J<-3J-+R$-:$:-!J<-G%-YA.,
140
Unit 2 The sports meeting
#J-5/-$*A?-0, =?-l=-:P/-5S$?,
1 Come on! <J3?-.%-,
2 Well done! 212?-0-29%-,
3 Congratulations! gJ/-:VJ=-8,
4 Bad luck. =?-%/,
5 Hold a meeting. 5S$?-:.-8A$-:5S$?-0,
6 Right now. .-?R-3<,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Comparison of adverbs 2h-3R.-=?-2$/-5B$-$A-$>A2-2#<,
L-.%R?-$*A?-2#<-.?-1-$.%?-,%-2:A-5B$-=-"-er".R<-2-.%-, .J:A-eJ?-?-.-.%-"than";%-.R<, L-.%R?-
$*A?-=?-3%-2-8A$-2#<-.?-1-$.%?-,%-2:A-3A%-5B$-=-"-est".R<-2-.%-, .J:A-}R/-=-"the".R<,
1 -er, -est.
tall taller tallest
hard harder hardest
1a He runs faster than you. #R-2-HR.-=?-M<-2<-o$,
1b It's much colder today than yesterday. .J-<A%-/A-#-?%-=?-z$-0<-:H$?,
1c This book is much more interesting than that one. .0J-(-:.A-/A-.0J-(-.J-=?-z$-0<-.R/-~A%-
w/,
1d It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing. 0J-&A/-=?-Z%-@J-=-.?-o/-(<-:22-0-<J.,
2 3A%-5B$-$A-3)$-3,:A-;A-$J-e;A/-/-,.-!<-"-r".%-"-st".R<,-
late later latest
nice nicer nicest
2a He is the best student in our class. #R-/A-%-5S:A-:6A/-9:A-aR2-3-(J?-29%-2R-;A/,
141
3 "Big".%-"hot"?R$?-GA-eJ?-?-"-er".%-"-est".R<,
big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
4 3)$-3,:A-;A-$J-.L%?-;A$"-y";A/-.?-"-y".J-"-I"<-2+<-eJ?-"+er".%-"+est".R<-.$R?,
"consonants(.L%?-;A$) + y" Æ"i + er, est. "
early earlier earliest
busy busier busiest
5 1-$.%?-<A%-2:A-;A-$J:A-}R/-=-"more".%-"most".R<,
quickly more quickly most quickly
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
good / well better best
many / much more most
far farther / further farthest / furthest

1 Last week No. 14 Middle School held a sports meeting on the playground. $9:-:#R<-
}R/-3<-aR2-:VA%-2&-28A?-=?-l=-G-2-/?-=?-l=-:P/-5S$?->A$-2#?,
1a He's holding a book in his hand. #R?-=$-+-.0J-(-8A$-29%-;R.,
1b Cairang runs fastest of all. 5K-<A%-o$-/-(J?-3IR$?-0R-;A/,
1c Last week the Tibetan middle school held a sports meeting. $9:-:#R<-}R/-3<-2R.-;A$-
aR2-:VA%-$A?-=?-l=-:P/-5S$?->A$-2#?,
2 The building near our school is the tallest in our city. aR2-9:A-*J-:P3-IA-,R$-#%-.J-/A-%-5S:C-
PR%-HJ<-IA-(J?-3,R-2:A-,R$-#%-;A/,
2a The boy is climbing the tallest tree. 2-(%-.J-(J?-3,R-2:A-#R%-2R-.J-=-:6K$-28A/-:.$
3 Huifang jumped quite far, but Ann jumped further. KJ-n%-3(R%?-2-.%R?-/?-<A%-;%-A/-/A-

3(R%?-2-.J-=?-G%-<A%-,
3a Dorji jumped quite far, but Norbu jumped farther than him. hR-eJ-3(R%?-2-.%R?-$/?-
<A%-;%-/R<-2-3(R%?-2-#R-=?-G%-<A%-,
4 Bad / Good luck. =?-%/, / =?-29%-,

142
4a A: Did you go to the park last Sunday? }R/-3:A-$9:-*A-3<-HR.-\A%-$<-?R%-%3,
B: No, I was ill and had to stay at home. 3-?R%-, %-=-/-5-L%-2?-HA3-.-#R.-.$R?-L%-,
A: Bad luck. =?-%/,
4b A: Did you win? HR.-5S?-o=-#-]%?-?R%-%3,
B: Yes, we are the first. o=-#-]%?-?R%-, %-5S-A%-.%-0R-<J.,
A: Good luck. =?-&/-0R,
5 All the runners got ready to run. o$?-3#/-5%-3?-o$?-P2?-L?-:.$

write--writer :VA-:VA-3#/, drive--driver #-=R-LJ.-0-#-=R-2,
work--worker =?-!-=?-!-0, win--winner o=-2-o=-3#/,
clean--cleaner $4%-4-LJ.-0-$4%-4-LJ.-3#/, dance--dancer VR-:O2-VR-3#/,

read--reader [R$-0-[R$-3#/,
teach--teacher OA.-0-OA.-3#/,
play--player :O2-0-:O2-3#/, sing--singer $8?-$+R%--$8?-0,
speak--speaker 2>.-0-2>.-3#/,
6 Everyone began to shout very loudly. 5%-3?-{.-$?J%-3,R/-0R?-:-&R-o$-:$R-2l3?,

6a Don't forget to close the door when you leave the room. HR.-KA<-:PR-.?-|R-$+/-o-3-
2eJ.,
6b It started to rain that night. 35/-3R<-.J<-(<-:22-:$R-2l3?,
6c My brother wants to learn English. %:A-/-2R?-.LA/-;A$-aR2-:.R.,
7 …but not fast enough. ...:R/-G%-.J-:S-3IR$?-0R-3J.,

7a Lhaben is strong enough to catch that wild yak. z-:23-=-:VR%-cR.-.J-:6A/-0:A-!R2?-w/-
/R,
7b I don't have enough time to finish the work. %-=-=?-!-.J-5<-2<-L-2:A-.?-5S.-3A-:.$
8 Well done, everyone! 5%-3?-2IA?-0-@-&%-29%-,

8a Congratulations, Lhaben! z-:23, gJ/-:VJ=-8,
9 Yu Yang and Jim were neck and neck. 2R-;%-.%-)J3-$*A?-3*3-$>A2-GA?-o$-28A/-;R.,
143
10 Lucy didn't do very well. She did rather badly. =R-?J?-2IA?-0-.J-:S-3A-29%-+J, #R-3R?-2IA?-0-
@-&%-,2?-h$?-<J.,
10a Danba rides very well. 2!/-0-8R/-0<-@-&%-3#?,
10b Qiechung's mother was badly ill. (R?-1R/-IA-A-3<-/.-uA.-3R-8A$-:1R$?-:.$
10c The train moves rather slowly. 3J-:#R<-:.A-*R.-0-@-&%-.=,
11 It was difficult to see. .J-8A2-.-3,R%-.!:,

11a It is easy to say, but it is difficult to do. .J-2>.-/-a-;%-212-o<-.!:,
11b It is important to think clearly before speaking. 3-2>.-0:A-}R/-.-;%-.$-0<-2?3-]R-
$+R%-o-/A-$=-(J/-8A$-<J.,
144
Unit 3 A good teacher
#J-5/-$?3-0, .$J-c/-29%-0R-8A$,
1 It's quite a nice horse! .J-/A-%R-3:A-g-29%-2R-8A$-<J.,
2 I'm sorry to trouble you. %?-HR.-=-:R-2o=-$+.-0?-.$R%?-0-3-5S3,
3 hands up =$-0-;<-HR$?,
4 agree with PR?-:(3-L%-2,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Comparison of the adjectives (R?-2eR.-5B$-$A-$>A2-2#<,
(R?-2eR.-5B$-$A-$>A2-2#<-2:A-<A3-0-.%-2$/-5B$-$A-2#<-2:A-<A3-0-$*A?-$&A$-:S-;A/,
big bigger (the) biggest
strong stronger (the) strongest
dangerous more dangerous (the) most dangerous
important more important (the) most important

1 Do you like learning a foreign language? HR.-=-KA-;A$-&A$-.%-:.R.-;R.-.3,
1a The children like swimming in summer. .L<-.?-?-LA?-0-5S-(<-n=-o<-.$:,
1b Gangcu liked to drink milk this morning. $%?-35S?-.-/%?-:R-3-:,%-2<-:.R.,
2 In English "qu" makes a /kw/ sound. .LA/-;A$-$A-/%-/?-"qu"=-/kw/8J?-[R$-0-;A/,

2a The fridge makes a strange sound. :H$-|3-.J?-1-;-35/-8A$-1R$
3 It's another way of saying "fast." .J-/A-"fast";A-2eR.-5=-$8/-0-8A$-<J.,

3a Another way of saying "bicycle" is "bike." "Bicycle";A-2>.-5=-$8/-0-8A$-/A-
"bike";A/,
4 Will you please say it again more slowly? HR.-GA?-.J-;%-2*<-.=-3R:A-%%-2>.-o-AJ-;A/,
145
5 Hands up, please! =$-0-;<-HR$?,

6 What do you mean by...? ...8J?-0:A-/%-.R/-&A-8A$-;A/-/3,
7 I see. Thanks. %?-@-$R-,=, 2!:-SA/-(J,
8 Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school. Y?-3R-NR:R-/A-aR2-9:A-/%- (J?-
29%-2:A-.$J-c/-IA-P?->A$-<J.,
8a This is one of the most important books about science. :.A-/A-5/-<A$-{R<-IA-(J?-$=-
:$%?-(J-2:A-.0J-(:A-P?->A$-<J.,
8b The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. :VA-(-/A-:63-\A%-,R$-(J?-
<A%-2:A-(-2R:A-P?->A$-<J.,
9 Yesterday morning she came into class as usual. #-?%-}-3R<-#R-3R-.?-o/-.%-:S-2<-aR2-OA.-

=-;R%-,
9a Today the classroom is as clean as usual. .J-<A%-aR2-#%-/3-o/-.%-:S-2<-@-&%-$4%-3-<J.,
10 There was a big smile on her face. 3R:A-$.R%-/-:63-3.%?-$?<-2-8A$-o?-:.$

10a Doma smiled after she knew she was the first. 1R=-3?-3R-<%-A%-.%-0R-;A/-0->J?-eJ?-
$.R%-=-:63-8A$-o?,
11 I'm afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. %?- 3A- <J- :$?- 0%- $&=- $.- 2.<- LJ.- o- 2eJ.-
?R%-~3,
12 There was no excuse. .J-=-#-$;R<-?-3J.,

12a If you don't finish your homework, you can't find any excuse. $=-+J-HR.-GA?-HR.-<%-
$A-=?-L-VA?-3-5<-/-&A-=-;%-#-$;<-3A-(R$
13 Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. .J-<A%-=A/-,R:R-3-$+R$?-5%-3-aR2-9-<-:.$

13a We all eat mutton except Lhamo. z-3R-3-$+R$?-%-5S-5%-3?-=$->-9-2-;A/,
146
14 Luckily the weather last week was not as wet as it is today. !2?-=J$?-0-8A$-=-$9:-}R/-
3<-.J-<A%-.%-:S-2<-28:-5/-3A-(J,
15 It's time for us to start the lesson now. %-5S?-aR2-OA.-GA-3$R-2l3?-</-:.$
16 I think foreign languages are more interesting than science. %?-KA-;A$-/A-<%-L%-5/-<A$-

=?-z$-0<-3R-$%-w/-0-8A$-<J.-~3,

17 I really can't agree with you. %-<%-%R-3-HR.-GA-v-2<-3A-:,.,
18 I prefer science. ()A-v<-2#<-;%-)%-<%-<%-L%-5/-<A$-=-.$:-2R-;R.,

18a A: Which do you prefer, apples or pears? !->-.%->A%-+R$-=A-$*A?-=?-$%-8A$-=-HR.-<%-
z$-0<-.$:-2R-;R.,
B: I prefer apples to pears. %-<%->A%-+R$-=A-=?-!->-=-z$-0<-.$:-2R-;R.,
19 I think Chinese is less difficult than English. %?-2v?-/-o-;A$-/A-.LA/-;A$-=?-&%-a,
20 I would like to drop maths. I find it very difficult. %?-lA?-<A$-.R%-353?-:)R$-:.R., %?-.J-

/A-=?-@-&%-.!:-3R-8A$-;A/-0->J?,
20a I would like to stop herding. I find it very difficult. %?-K$?-9R$-:5S-353?-:)R$-:.R.-
.J-%?-.J-/A-=?-@-&%-.!:-3R-8A$-;A/-0->J?,
147
Unit 4 What were they doing?
#J-5/-28A-2, #R-5S?-&A-LJ.-28A/-;R.,
1 I'm sorry to trouble you. HJ.-=-.N$-nJ/-29R?-0<-.$R%?-0-3-5S3,
2 It's quite a nice …. .J-/A-@-&%-36K?-0:A-...<J.,
3 Be angry with. #R%-OR-=%?-2,
4 Get back. KA<-:LR<-2,
5 Fall asleep. $*A.-#$-0,
6 Help… with. ...KR$?-/?-<R$?-L?-0,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Past Continuous LJ.-28A/-:.?-0,
1 I / He / She was studying. %?- / #R?- / 3R?- / aR2-.R%-LJ.-28A/-:.$ (:.?-.?)
2 We / You / They were studying. %-5S? / HR.-5S? / #R-5S?-aR2-.R%-LJ.-28A/-:.$ (:.?-.?)
2a A: What were you doing this time yesterday? #-?%-$A-.?-:.A<-HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-28A/-;R.,
B: I was milking the goats. %?-<-3-28R-28A/-;R.,
2b Cairang was doing homework when his mother came home. 5K-<A%-$A-A-3-;=-.-=R$-
.?-#R?-=?-L-:VA-28A/-:.$
2c The students were playing football at four o'clock yesterday afternoon. #-?%-KA-SR:A-
.?-5S.-28A:A-!J%-.-aR2-3-i3?-GA?-b%-lJ.-%R-=R-lJ.-28A/-;R.,

1 I am trying to draw a horse. %?-g-8A$-:VA-lA?-;R.,
1a I'm trying to milk the goat. %?-<-3-8A$-28R-lA?-;R.,
2 It's quite a nice horse! / What a nice horse it is! )A-:S:A-g-;$-0-8A$ .J-/A-g-;$-0R-8A$-<J.,
3 Don't play with fire. It's very dangerous. 3J-lJ.-3-LJ.-&A$ .J-/A-@-&%-*J/-#-(J,
4 What was Lily drawing when the teacher came in? .$J-c/-/%-=-;R%-.?-=J-=J?-&A-8A$-:VA-
28A/-;R.,
5 He lived in a tall building in the city of Moscow. #R-PR%-HJ<-3:R-?A-#R:A-#%-2lJ$?-3,R/-0R-8A$-
$A-/%-/?-2#.,
148
6 Every night the man upstairs came home late. .$R%-o/-.-#%-!J%-$A-*J?-0-.J-HA3-.-=R$-0-@-&%-
:KA,
7 He always took off his shoes and threw them on the floor. #R?-.?-o/-.-#R:C-z3-1.-/?-0%-
$&=-!J%-$;$?,
7a It's warm in the room, you'd better take off your coat. #%- 2: A- /% - SR- 2?- HR.- GA?- !R.- H- 1.-
/-=J$?,
7b The plane will take off at ten in the morning. $/3-P-.J-}-3R:C-.?-5S.-2&:A-!J%-:1<-o-<J.,
8 He found it very difficult to get to sleep. #R<-35S/-/-$*A.-#$-o-.J-@-&%-.!:-3R-8A$-<J.,

8a They got to the park at nine yesterday morning. #-?%-}-3R:A-.?-5S.-.$:A-!J%-#R-5S-\A%-!-
.J<-:LR<,
9 The noise wakes me up! 1-.J?-%-<%-$*A.-=?-2a%?,

9a Don't make a lot of noise. 1-.J-:S-3%-0R-3-1R$?->A$
10 Would you please not do this? HR.-GA?-:.A-v<-3-2IA?-/-(R$-$3,

10a I am sorry. I won't do it again. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, eJ?-?R<-%?-:.A-v<-3A-2IA-=$?,
11 He had his supper, listened to the radio, read a newspaper and then went to bed.
#R?-.$R%-9?-9R?-0-.%-1-#.-:#R<-=R<-*/-0, 5$?-0<-=-2v?-eJ?-*=-IA/-;R.,
11a I am looking at the blackboard, but I can't see anything. %?-|R-?3-!J%-=-2v-28A/-;R.-
3R.-G%-&A-;%-3,R%-3-L%-,
11b In class, the students must listen to the teacher carefully. aR2-OA.-GA-{2?-?-aR2-3-
i3?-GA?-%J?-0<-.-.$J-c/-IA-$?%-=-//-+/-IA?-*/-.$R?,
11c Last night Dorji went to bed at nine, but he went to sleep at ten. 3.%-.$R%-hR-eJ-.?-
5S.-.$:A-!J%-*=-=-.?-5S.-2&:A-!J%-$*A.-0-<J.,
149
Unit 5 The accident
#J-5/-s-2, ($-|R-8A$

1 You'd better not talk. <2-;A/-/-HR.-GA?-{.-(-3-2>.,
2 Go as quickly as you can. HR.-<%-$%-M<-&A-,2-GA?-?R%-,
3 Don't crowd round him. #R:A-3,:-<-:.?-=R%-3-LJ.,
4 It's nice of you. HR.-<%-%R-3-29%-,
5 Hurry up. <J3?,

1 Were you washing clothes last night? 3.%-.$R%-HR.-GA?-H-2-2N-28A/-;R.-.3,
1a Was Mom making a dress last night? 3.%-.$R%-A-3?-H-2-8A$-29R-28A/-;R.-.3,
2 Get up and dress quickly. ;<-=R%?-/?-H-2-IR/-<R$?,

2a He put on his coat and went out. #R?-!R.-H-IR/-+J-|R<-2.-,=,
3 Today he wears a blue coat. .J-<A%-#R?-!R.-H-}R/-0R-8A$-IR/-;R.,

3a Who's the man in the brown jacket? !R.-H-o-($-8A$-$R/-;R.-0:A-*J?-0-.J-?-<J.,
4 You look tired today. HR.-.J-<A%-,%-(.-;R.-0-:S,

4a He doesn't look happy.#R-*A.-0R-8A$-;R%-$A-3J.-0-:S,
4b Can you tell me why? HR.-GA?-%-=-.J-&A:A-KA<-;A/-0-2>.-,2-23,
4c Mr Zhaxi looks very young. {-82?-2N->A?-{-/-@-&%-$8R/-0-:S,
5 I had a little accident last Sunday. }R/-3:A-$9:-*A-3<-%-=-($-|R-(%-(%-8A$-L%-,

5a There have been many traffic accidents this year. =R-:.A<-:P3-:P=-IA-($-|R- 3%-0R-L%-
9A/,
6 What happened? &A-8A$-L%-?R%-,
150
7 The children were leaving school on Tuesday when they saw a truck. $9:-3A$-.3<-*A/-
LA?-0-5S-aR2-9<-#-:V=-{2?-#R-5S?-_%?-:#R<-(J/-3R-8A$-3,R%-,
8 It's nothing, don't worry. You'll be OK. *R/-&A-;%-3A-:.$ ?J3?-#<-LJ.-3A-.$R?, HR.-<%-)J-

.$<-:PR-o-<J.,
9 I'm watching him draw the picture. %?-#R?-<A-3R-.J-:VA-2<-2v-28A/-;R.,
10 As quickly as she could, Miss Zhao got a medicine box. Y?-3R-NR?-$%-3IR$?-GA?-(/-|3-

HJ<-;R%-,
10a As quickly as she could, Doma got a cup of butter tea. 1R=-3?-$%-3IR$?-GA?-.N$?-
)-.!<-;R=-$%-HJ<-;R%-,
11 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.
Y?-3R-NR?-(/-|3-HJ<-;R%-/?-M<-.-3A-.J-=-2.$-*R%-LJ.-0<-?R%-,
11a With the butter tea in her hand, Doma hurried off to look after the old man. 1R=-
3?-.N$?-)-.!<-;R=-$%-2R-.J-HJ<-/?-M<-.-c.-0R-.J-=-2.$-*R%-LJ.-0<-?R%-,
11b That young man went out with no hat on. $8R/-/-.J?-E-$R/-3J.-0<-|R:A-KA<-?R%-,
11c Don't hurry, we're not late. VJ=-3A-.$R?, %-5S-.-<%-eJ?-?-=?-3A-:.$
11d Hurry home before it gets dark. ?-3-<2-0:A-}R/-.-M<-2<-;=-.-?R%-,
12 It's really nice of you. / It's very kind of you. HR.-<%-%R-3-29%-0R-:.$
13 While they were sweeping the floor, the bell rang. #R-5S?-0%-$&=-=-$.-2.<-LJ.-0:A-.?-?-
&R%-2h-P$?,
13a The students were reading when the teacher came in. .$J-c/-/%-.-;R%-.?-aR2-3-5S?-
.0J-(-[R$-28A/-;R.,
151
Unit 6 In the library
#J-5/-S$-0, .0J-36S.-#%-$A-/%-.,
1 I have got a book. %-=-.0J-(-8A$-;R.,
2 I'm so glad. %-/A-)A-:S:A-3R-2-=,
3 What a pity. )A-:S:A-~A%-eJ-2,
4 reading room .0J-[R$-#%-,
5 on time .?-,R$ -+,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Present Prefect L?-9A/-.-v-2,
L?-9A/-.-v-2?-L-2-$%-8A$-:.?-0:A-.?-%J?-3J.-8A$-/?-3$R-2l3?-+J-{.-(-2eR.-3-,$-0:A-$/?-{2?-.J<-
;R%?-?-3)$-mR$?-0-$?=-2>.-LJ.-0-;A/, .J:A-5B$-$A-P2-!%?-/A-"LJ.-0-0R+Have / Has + :.?-0:A-3A%-
n%-"v<-;A/,
1a I have seen the film. %?-\R$-2f/-.J<-2v?-MR%-,
1b The teacher has gone to the office. .$J-c/-.J-$8%-=?-#%-.-2.-?R%-,
1c I haven't seen her these days. *A/-:.A-.$-=-%?-#R-3R-3-3,R%-,
1d Have you returned the book today? .J-<A%-HR.-GA?-.0J-(-.J-KA<-AJ-3.,
1e I have never seen him before. %?-}R/-(.-#R-<%-<A$-3-MR%-,
1f We have lived in Lhasa since 1975. 1975=R-/?-29%-!J-%-5S-z-?-/?-2#.,
1g He came here two hours ago. #R-(-5S.-$*A?-GA-}R/-=-:.A<-,R/,
1h He has been here for two hours. #R-:.A<-,R/-/?-(-5S.-$*A?-:$R<-9A/,

1 I've lost my science book. Have you seen it anywhere? %:A-<%-L%-5/-<A$-$A-.0J-(-2R<-9A/-
0?, HR.-GA?-.J-3,R%-%3,
2 Have you found your ruler yet? HR.-GA?-<%-$A-OJ-4K-fJ.-.3,
152
3 In the library she has got books on many different subjects. .0J-36S.-#%-/-#R-3R<-2a2-L-
<A$?-3%-0R:A-.0J-(-;R.,
4 She works very hard and is very helpful. #R-3R?-L-2-12-/-2lR/-:P?-(J-=-:V?-2-w/,
5 She likes the children to read books in the reading room. #R-3R-LA?-0-5S<-.0J-[R$-#%-.-.0J-(-
[R$-+-:)$-o<-3R,
6 But she is very strict. :R/-G%-#R-3R-@-&%-//-3R-<J.,
7 Our teacher is strict in her work. %-5S:C-.$J-c/-IA?-L-2-12-/-@-&%-//-+/-;A/,
8 You must always return your library book on time. HR.-5S?-%J?-0<-.-.?-v<-.0J-36S.-#%-$A-

.0J-(-KA<-3R.-.$R?,
9 He asks very politely. #R?-@-&%-$?-0:A-%%-SA-2-:SA,

10 Tom is a polite boy. OR3-/A-$?-w/-&/-IA-2-(%-8A$-<J.,
11 It's polite to say "Thank you" when someone helps you. 3A-8A$-$A?-HR.-=-<R$?-<3-L?-5K-
"2!:-SA/-(J-"9J<-2<-$?-=$?-w/,
12 They're on that shelf over there. .J-5S-.0J-1R3-$/-$A-!J%-/-;R.,

shelf--shelves .0J-1R3-8A$ .0J-1R3-:$:, child--children LA?-0-8A$ LA?-0-:$:,
leaf--leaves =R-3-8A$ =R-3-:$:, woman--women 2.-3J.-&A$ 2.-3J.-:$:,
man--men *J?-0-8A$ *J?-0-:$:, sheep--sheep =$-&A$ =$-:$:,
foot--feet b%-2-8A$ b%-2-:$:, tooth--teeth ?R-8A$ ?R-:$:,
knife--knives PA-(%-8A$ PA-(%-:$:, half--halves KJ.-!-8A$ KJ.-!-:$:,
wife--wives ,%-!A-8A$ ,%-!A-:$:, fish--fish *-8A$ *-:$:,
13 I borrowed a book from the library two weeks ago. $9:-:#R<-$*A?-GA-}R/-., %?-.0J-36S.-

#%-/?-.0J-(-8A$-$;<,
153
14 I've looked for it everywhere. %?-.J-$%-;A/-?<-24=-MR%-,
15 What a pity! &A-:S:A-;A.-1%?-0-=,
16 What a pity! He couldn't go with us. &A-:S:A-;A.-1%?-0-=, #R-%-5S-.%-3*3-.-:PR-3-,2,
17 I'm afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. $=-+J-HR.-GA?-.J-2R<-?R%-/, %J?-0<-.-*A/-
52-3R.-.$R?,
18 It's the library's. Please be more careful from now on. .J-.0J-36S.-#%-$A-;A/-0?, .-/?-
29%-?J3?-(%-LR?,
19 You must study hard from now on. .-/?-29%-HR.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-aR2-=-:2.-.$R?,
20 Have you ever travelled on a train? HR.-<%-3J-:#R<-=-2#.-.J-2v-2{R<-<-?R%-MR%-%3,
154
#J-5/-2./-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,
1 What is the most popular subject in your class? HR.-5S:A-:6B/-9:A-/%-.-o$?-(J-2:A-2a2-L-$%-
;A/,
1a Who is the youngest person in your class? HR.-5S:A-:6B/-9:A-/%-.-=R-/-(J?-(%-2:A-3A-?-;A/,
1b Who is the best guitar player at the moment? .-{2?-0A-7%-h%-/-(J?-29%-2-?-<J.,
2 Miss Forgetful. 2eJ.-3#/,

2a I always forget dates. %?-o/-.-5K?-P%?-2eJ.-:PR,
2b He has forgotten all his French. #R?-n-</-?:A-{.-(-,3?-&.-2eJ.-?R%-,
2c Old people are sometimes forgetful. 3A-c/-0-5S?-{2?-<J<-;A.-:)R$-3A-LJ.,
3 Here is a shopping list so you won't forget anything. :.A<-*R-:5S%-<J:-3A$-&A$-;R.-0?-HR.-GA?-

2eJ.-3A-:PR,
4 Have you finished already? HJ.-GA?-}-3R-/?-:P2-?R%-%3,

4a When she reached home, her mother asked, "Have you got everything?" 3R-<%-;=-
=-,R/-3-,$ 3R:C-A-3?-:SA-o<-"HR.-=-5%-3-;R.-.3,"
5 That wasn't very clever! .J-.J-:S:A-P%-2R-8A$-3-<J.,

5a Uncle Lhaben arrived in Lhasa yesterday morning. A-#-z-:23-#-?%-}-SR-z-?<-,R/,
5b The students got to school at eight o'clock. aR2-3-i3?-(-5S.-2o.-GA-!J%-aR2-9<-,R/,
6 She was taking the things out of the basket when she dropped a bag of candy. 3R?-aJ-
2R-/%-$A-.%R?-0R-i3?-KA<-=J/-.?-!-<-#$-3-$%-,%-=-z%-,
6a We were having supper when the phone rang. #-0<-P$?-.?-%-5S?-.$R%-9?-9-28A/-3(A?,
7 He was good at swimming when he was a child. #R-<%-LA?-0-;A/-.?-(<-n=-o<-3#?,
8 They both started to pick the apples again. #R-$*A?-GA?-;%-2*<-!->-2+R$-:$R-2l3?,
155
Unit 8 On the farm
#J-5/-2o.-0, 8A%-G:A-/%-.,
1 With pleasure .$:-3R-.%-2&?, 4 as soon as. ...L?-3-,$...,
2 No hurry. VJ=-2-*J?-3A-.$R?, 5 hear of $R-,R?,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Present Perfect with "already, just, yet, ever, never."
L?-9A/-.-v-2-"already, just, yet, ever, never"?R$?-.%-3*3-.-.R<-5=,
1 Have you finished your work yet? .-v-HJ.-GA?-L-2-212?-5<-?R%-%3,
Yes, I have. I've just finished it. / I've already finished it. ;A/-;, %?-212?-5<, %?-:.A:A-
}R/-+$-+$-=-.J-212?-5<-2-;A/, / %?-.J-212?-9A/,
No, I haven't finished it yet. 3A/, %?-.-.%-.J-12-3-5<,
2 Have you ever been to a chicken farm? HR.-<%-L-$?R-G-2<-?R%-MR%-%3,

No, I've never been to a chicken farm. 3A/, %-<%-L-$?R-G-2<-$+/-/?-?R%-3-MR%-,

1 There are several kinds of animals on the farm. 8A%-G-:.A:A-/%-.-YR$-($?-<A$?-:$:-;R.,
2 Have you ever been to West Hill Farm? HR.-/2-<A:A-8A%-G<-?R%-AJ-MR%-,

2a Have you ever been to Qinghai Lake? HR.-35S-}R/-0R<-?R%-AJ-MR%-,
3 I'll return it as soon as I can. %?-HR.-=-.J-M<-.-KA<-3R.-%J?-;A/,
4 He told me about this as soon he saw me. #R?-%-3,R%-3-,$-:.A:A-{R<-2>.,
??5 Thank you very much for lending it to me. HR.-GA?-%-=-.J-$;<-2<-2!:-SA/->A/-+-(J,
6 Could I borrow a pen, please? %?-=-t$?-/$-&A$-$;<-/-(R$-$3,

6a A: May I borrow your bike? %?-HR.-GA-t$?-g-$;<-/-AJ-(R$
156
B: Sorry. I lent it to Hangmu yesterday. ,$?-2o=-3-28J%?, %?-.J-#-?%-.2%-3R-=-$;<-
9A/,
6b A: Could you lend me your pen? HR.-GA?-%-=-HR.-GA-t$?-/$-$;<-/-AJ-(R$
B: Certainly. Here you are. =R?-(R$ :.A-/-;R.,
7 It's just had a baby. .J?-.-?R-3<-U-$-8A$-24?-L%-,
8 I've never heard of that before. %?-}R/-(.-.J-:S-8A$-$+/-/?-$R-3-MR%-,
9 I've just heard about his illness. %?-:.A:A-}R/-+$-+$-=-#R:C-/-5:A-$/?-5=-$R-2-;A/,
10 Is there anyone at home? HA3-/-3A-;R.-.3,
11 I hope everything goes well. %:A-<J-2-;A/-/-;R.-5.-2.J-=J$?-?-:P2-0<-(R/,
12 What can I do for you? %?-HR.-=-&A-8A$-212-,2,
13 It's dead. .J-2J3-0R-<J.,
14 The hunter fired and the tiger fell dead. dR/-0?-3J-3.:-2o2-0-/-!$-.J-=R$-/?->A,
15 The old man died two years ago. c/-0R-.J-=R-$*A?-GA-}R/-=-:.?-?R%-,
16 Have you forgotten already? HR.-GA?-}-3R-/?-2eJ.-?R%-2-;A/-/3,
17 Lily has just finished her homework. =J-=J-;A?-3R:C- HA3-.R%-=?-L-VA?-5<-3-,$-<J.,
18 What do you get from yaks? /R<-$/$-$A?-HR.-5S<-&A-8A$-20/-,2,
19 Have you ever milked a yak? HR.-GA?-:VA-8A$-28R?-MR%-%3,
20 Have you got a moment? HR.-=-#R3-0-&%-43-8A$-AJ-;R.,
157
Unit 9 A visit to a factory
#J-5/-.$--2, 29R-9-8A$-$A-/%-=-v-{R<-.-?R%-2,
1 Don't rush. @R=-o$-3-LJ.,
2 Take a look. vR?-.%-,
3 All one's life. 3A-5K-ZA=-0R,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Present Perfect with "for, since." L?-9A/-.-v-2-"for, since"$*A?-.%-3*3-.-.R<-5=,
1 I've known Mr. Norbu for three years. %?-{-82?-/R<-2-%R->J?-/?-=R-$?3-:$R<-?R%-,
2 I've lived here since 1998. %-<%-$&A$-.$-$R-2o.-/?-29%-!J-:.A-/?-2#.-0-;A/,
Present Perfect compared with Past Simple. L?-9A/-.-v-2-.%-,A<-2+%-:.?-0-$*A?-2#<-2,

3 He has gone to America. #R-A-3J-<-#<-2.-?R%-, (#R-KA<-;R%-3J.-0-2!/-;R.,)
4 He went to America last month. #R-^-}R/-3<-A-3J-<-#<-2.-?R%-, (#R-KA<-;R%-;R.-3J.-.-.%-,$-$A?-
3A-(R.-0,)
5 They saw the film last night. 3.%-.$R%-#R-5S?-\R$-2f/-.J<-2v?,
6 He has lost his book. #R?-<%-$A-.0J-(-2R<-?R%-,

1 How long have you been at school? HR.-<%-aR2-9-/?-.?-;/-&A-43-8A$-=-2#.-.3,
1a A: How long have you been like this? HR.-<%-:.A-v<-.?-;/-$-5S.-:$R<-2-;A/,
B: Ever since last night. #-?%-.$R%-3R-/?-29%-,
2 The factory has been there for several years. 29R-9-.J-.J<-($?-/?-=R-:$:-:$R<-?R%-,
3 Tomorrow it's our turn to clean the school. ?%-*A/, %-5S:A-aR2-9:A-#R<-;$-=-$4%-4-LJ.-<J?-;A/,
4 They arrived early on a Tuesday morning. #R-5S-$9:-3A$-.3<-*A/-8A$-$A-8R$?-0-}-3R-8A$-=-,R/,

4a On a cold winter night. .$/-.?-GA-P%-2:A-35/-3R-8A$-=,
158
5 The students walked through the gates with Uncle Wang. aR2-3-i3?-A-#-7%-.%-3*3-.-o-
|R-/?-?R%-,
5a The thief came in through the window. b/-3-.J-|J:-#%-=?-/%-=-;R%-,
5b The Yellow River runs through Jiantsa. k-(-$&/-5-2o.-/?-28<,
6 There is a bridge across the river. (-(J/-.J:A-!J%-.-93-0-8A$-;R.,
7 Please come up these steps with me and be careful. %-.%-3*3-.-,J3-{?-:.A-.$-%R?-/?->R$

?J3?-(%-LR?,
8 We don't want any of you to get lost. %-5S?-HR.-5S-=?-$&A$-G%-2R<-3A-:.R.,
9 The workers all wear thick clothes and glasses. 29R-2-5%-3?-H-2-3,$-0R-.%-3A$->J=-$R/-;R.,

9a Tibetan girls like wearing red flowers in their hair. 2R.-GA-2-3R-5S?-3J-+R$-.3<-0R-0-=R:A-/%-
.-:.R$-o<-.$:,
10 The glasses keep their eyes safe. 3A$->J=-IA?-#R-5S:A-3A$-=-Y%-*R2-LJ.,

10a Please keep the door open, for it is very hot in the room. #%-0:A-/%-@-&%-SR-nJ/-|R-KJ?-
/?-8R$
11 My house is about twenty minutes by bike. %:A-#%-2-;R.-?<-t$?-g-2{R<-/?-?R%-/-{<-3-*A->-

43-.$R?,
11a It is about half an hour's walk (from here) to the factory. :.A-/?-29R-9<-?R%-/-1=-(J<-
(-5S.-KJ.-!-.$R?,
11b My home is about three hours by bus from here. :.A-/?-%:A-1-;=-=-_%?-:#R<-2#.-.J-
?R%-/-(-5S.-$?3-.$R?,
12 I've lived there all my life. %-<%-5K-$%-0R<-:.A-/?-2#.-0-;A/,

12a He has taught in this school all his life. #R?-5K-$%-0R<-aR2-9-:.A:A-/%-.-aR2-OA.-L?,

159
Unit 10 Mr. Green's problem
#J-5/-2&-2, {-82?-$-<J/-=$?-GA-$/.-.R/,
1 Hold on for a moment, please. &%-43-|$-<R$?,(#-0<-$+R%-.?-:.A-v<-2eR.,)
2 I'm afraid he isn't here right now. #R-.-v-:.A-/-3A-:.$
3 I'm sure he won't mind. #R?-$%-.R$?-3A-LJ.-0-%?-#$-,J$-LJ.-,2,
4 He may fail… #R?-o$?-:UR.-3A-YA.,
5 Leave a message. {.-:)R$-0,
6 in trouble $/.-.R/-;R.-0,
7 do one's best /?-0-$%-;R.-GA?,
8 learn by oneself <%-.R%-,
9 go back KA<-=R$-0,
10 be able to ,2, /?,
11 do well in L-2-$%-8A$-29%-2R<-12-0,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Object Clause
1 She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. #R-3R?-#R:A-&R$-4K-!J%-.-;A-$J-8A$-:)R$-9J<,
2 We know (that) Danba will work hard. %-5S?-2!/-0?-L-2<-@<-2lR/-LJ.-0->J?,

1 Could I speak to the headmaster, please? %?-aR2-$4S-=-{.-(-8A$-2>.-/-AJ-(R$-=$?,
2 He wants to talk to your uncle. #R?-HR.-GA-A-#-=-#-2h-8A$-LJ.-/-:.R.,

2a Hold on a moment, please. &%-43-|$-<R$?,
2b Hold on a moment, I'll come soon. &%-43-|$-<R$?, %-M<-.-KA<-;R%-,
3 That's very kind of you. HR.-/A-L3?-?J3?-&/-8A$-<J.,
160
3a It's very kind of you to come and see me. 2.$-=-2v-<-;R%-0?, HR.-/A-%R-3-3A-L3?-?J3?-
&/-8A$-<J.,
3b Thanks very much. It's very kind of you. 2!:-SA/->A/-+-(J, HR.-/A-%R-3-3A-L3?-?J3?-&/-8A$-
<J.,
4 I would like to see him as soon as possible. %?-#R-<%-M<-2-M<-.-<A$-/-:.R.,

4a Would you come and get it as quickly as possible? HR.-;R%-/?-.J-M<-2-M<-.-]%?-:.R.-
.3,
4b Tell them the news as early as possible. #R-5S<-$%-M<-&A-,2-GA?-$?<-:I<-.J-2>.-<R$?,
4c Please give me a call as soon as you're back. HR.-KA<-,R/-eJ?, M<-.-%-=-#-0<-8A$-$+R%-
<R$?,
5 Sorry, I'm free every day except today. .$R%?-0-3-5S3, .J-<A%-3-$+R$?-%-=-*A/-o/-.-#R3-0-;R.,

5a The children go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. LA?-0-i3?-$9:-
%J/-0-.%-$9:-*A-3-3-$+R$?-*A/-o/-.-aR2-9<-:PR-.$R?,
6 The boy can speak some everyday English. 2-(%-:.A?-o/-2!R=-.LA/-{.-:$:-2>.->J?,

6a Are you able to come tomorrow? HR.-?%-*A/-;R%-,2-23,
6b I was able to catch what he said. #R?-&A-8A$-2>.-0-%?-gR$?-,2-?R%-,
7 Between eight and nine. (-5S.-2o.-/?-.$:A-2<,

7a What's the difference between them? #R-5S:A-3A-:S-?-$%-<J.,
8 He says that he won't be free until tomorrow. #R?-#R-?%-*A/-2<-.-3A-#R3-9J<,

8a They say (that) they've studied at this school for two years. #R-5S?-2>.-0-v<-/-#R-5S?-
aR2-9-:.A-/?-=R-$*A?-=-aR2-.R%-L?-9A/-9J<,
9 I'm afraid that Jim will miss a lot of lessons. %?-)J3-1=-(J<-aR2-,/-3%-0R-=-:($-o-<J.-~3,

9a You don't know how I miss you. HR.-GA?-%?-HR.-<%-)A-:S-8A$-S/-28A/-;R.-0-3A->J?,
9b I'm sorry I missed you at the station. %?-HR.-<%-?-5$?-/?-3-fJ.-0?-,$?-2o=-3-28J%?,
9c He never missed a day's work. #R-*A/-$&A$-$A-=?-!-=:%-$+/-/?-(.-3-MR%-,
161
10 He may even fail his Chinese exam. #R?-o-;A$-$A- o$?-G%-3A-:UR.-0-YA.,
10a They failed to reach there on time. #R-5S-.J-<-.?-5S.-v<-,R/-3-,2,
10b He failed to keep his word. #R-<%-5B$-,R$-/?-3-2#.,
10c It's true that he may fall behind the other students. #R-<%-aR2-3-i3?-GA-eJ?-?-=?-:PR-
YA.-0-.R/-.%R?-;A/,
11 It's true that we'll go and work on a farm. %-5S-8A%-G-8A$-$A-/%-=-?R%-!J-=?-!-=?-o-/A-.R/-.%R?-

;A/,
11a I'm sure that he won't mind. #R-2R?-.J-?J3?-=-3A-:6B/-0-%?-#$-,J$-LJ.-,2,
12 Of course, we can learn by ourselves. =R?-(R$ %-5S?-<%-%R?-/?- 2a2-(R$
13 They went swimming every day during the summer holidays. .L<-$/%-$A-{2?-?, #R-5S-
*A/-o/-.-(<-2n=-2<-?R%-,

162
Unit 11 A great inventor
#J-5/-2&-$&A$ $?<-$+R.-0-P$?-(J/-8A$
1 It's a bad line. #-0<-$+R%-3A-,2-0:3-#-0<-$+R%-{2?-{.-3A-$?=-2,
2 send away KA<-:PR-<-2&$-0,
3 try out 5S.-v,
4 send for 3A-3%$-!J-:2R.-0,
5 turn down \R$-|R-)J-(%-.-$+R%-2,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Infinitive verbs. $9$?-:I<-L-5B$
1 The doctor wanted to operate. (/-0?-$>$?-2&R?-LJ.-:.R.-;R.,
1a She wanted to borrow my radio. #R-3R?-%:A-1-#.-:#R<-=R-$;<-/-:.R.,
1b They wanted to get home before it got dark. #R-5S-?-3-<2-0:A-}R/-.-;=-=-,R/-/-:.R.,
1c My father wants me to be a doctor. %:A-A-1?-%-(/-0-8A$-LJ.-/-:.R.,
2 Tell her to turn it down. #R-3R<-\R$-|R-)J-(%-.-,R%?->J?-&J?->R.-.%-,

2a Ask him to come quickly. #R-=-M<-.->R$-&J?->R.-.%-,
2b She asked me to help her with the housework. #R-3R?-%-=-3R<-HA3-=?-=?-<R$?-LR?-9J<,
3 When did you begin to study French? HR.-GA?-.?-/3-8A$-/?-29%-!J-n-</-?A:A-{.-.%?-2-;A/,
4 I see him pass here every day. %?-#R-<%-*A/-o/-.-:.A-2o.-/?-:PR-2-3,R%-,

1 What do you call them in English? HR.-GA?-.J-.$-=-.LA/-{.-GA-&A-9J<,
1a Can you call all the students' names? HR.-GA?-aR2-3-5%-3:A-3A%-:2R.-,2-23,

163
2 Some of these inventions have changed the world more than others. $?<-$+R.-L?-0:A-
.%R?-0R-:.A-.$-$A?-.%R?-0R-$8/-=?-:63-\A%-=-2 + <-2!R.-(J/-0R-29R?-;R.,
3 Which of these do you think is the most useful invention? HR.-GA?-$?<-$+R.-L?-0:A-.%R?-

0R-:.A-.$-=?-.$R?-3#R-(J?-w/-0-$%-8A$-<J.-~3,
3a Which of these would you most like to own? :.A-.$-=?-$%-8A$-HR.-GA?-(J?-2.$-:6B/-
LJ.-:.R.-.3,
3b Lhamo's uncle owns this land. He's a good farmer. z-3R:A-A-#?-?-:.A-2.$-:6B/-L?-;R.,
#R-/A-8A%-0-29%-2R-8A$-<J.,
4 The boy had so many strange questions. 2-(%-.J-=-SA-2-;-35/-&/-3%-0R-;R.,
5 The teacher could not answer all of them. .$J-c/-IA?-.J-.$-5%-3<-=/-:.J2?-3-,2,

5a I don't know all of them. %?-.J-.$-5%-3-3A->J?,
5a I know none of them. %?-.J-.$-=?->J?-2-$&A$-G%-3J.,
6 Not everyone can work out the problem. ??-G%-$/.-.R/-:.A-?J=-3A-,2,
7 She found him that he was a very good pupil. #R-3R?-#R-<%-aR2-3-29%-0R-8A$-;A/-0->J?,

7a We've had five lessons. I find them easy. %-5S<-aR2-,/-s-;R.-0-.%-, %-=-35S/-/-.J-.$-a-3R-
<J.,
7b I think it easy to do it by myself. %?-2v?-/, .J-%-<%-$A?-%R?-/?-12-/-a-~3,
7c I feel it hard to finish the work in two days. *A/-$*A?-GA-<A%-, L-2-.J-12-5<-.$R?-/-%-=-
#$-0R-29R-o-<J.-:.R.,
8 You'll have to build it yourself. .J-HR.-<%-*A.-GA?-29R-0/-LJ.-.$R?,

8a We must study hard for our country's development. %-5S?-3J?-o=-:1J=-o?-GA-(J.-.-%J?-
0<-.-aR2-.R%-=-:2.-2lR/-LJ.-.$R?,
9 With the money he bought things for his lab. #R?-|R<-.J-.$-$A?-<%-$A-5S.-v-#%-=-3#R-2:A-.%R?-

0R-*R?,
164
9a She sent for a doctor. #R-3R?-(/-0-8A$-2R?,
10 I can't see clearly enough. %?-.J-:S-$?=-2R-8A$-3,R%-3A-,2,

10a I have enough time to read the book. %-=-.0J-(-:.A-[R$-0:A-.?-5S.-:.%-%J?->A$-;R.,
10b He operated on her at once, and Zhaxi's mother was saved. #R?-2N->A?-GA-A-3<-M<-
.-$>$?-2&R?-L?-0?-#R-3R-2*2?,
11 Come to my home tomorrow if possible. $=-+J-;R%-,2-/-?%-*A/-%:A-HA3-.->R$

11a A: When will you use my bike? HR.-GA?-.?-/3-8A$-=-%:A-t$?-g-2!R=-o,
B: Now if possible. $=-+J-(R$-/-.-v-M<-.,
12 She said (that) hers has broken. #R-3R?-2>.-o<, 3R:A-(1-#.-:#R<-=R).J-($-?R%-9J<,

12a Her radio has stopped working. #R-3R:C-1-#.-:#R<-=R?-1-#.-353?-28$-?R%-,
13 I went into the workshop and saw them breaking down the machine. %-<%-:#R<-#%-
8A$-$A-/%-.-?R%-/?-#R-5S?-:U=-:#R<-.J-$+R<-28A/-0-3,R%-,
165
Unit 12 Have a good time, Jim
#J-5/-2&-$*A?-0, )J3, HR.-<%-lJ.-:)R-=-*A.-0R-<R=-2<-(R/,
1 Have you changed your mind? HR.-GA?-<%-$A-2v-2-2 + <-;R.-.3,
2 I don't mind. %?-.J-=-.R-$%-3A-LJ.,
3 Could you do something for me, please? HJ.-GA?-%-=-L-2-8A$-212-,2-23,
4 write down 9A/-,R-<-2!R.-.%-,
5 make sure ;A/-0-,$-$&R.-0,
6 by air $/3-P<-2#.-.J,
7 come round .?-2+2?-3J.-0:A-\R-2<-2:A-:53?-:SA,
8 in a minute &%-3-:$R<-2<, M<-.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Object Clause (what, when, where, who, how).
1 Do you know what time the ship leaves? HR.-GA?-P-.J-(-5S.-.:A-!J%-.-2*R.-0->J?-?3,
1a We don't know when we arrive. %-5S?-%-5S-/3-,R/-:.$-3A->J?,
1b Tell me what time you get up every day. HR.-<%-*A/-o/-.-.?-/3-8A$-=-3=-=?-=%?-0-%-
=->R.,
1c I know who he wants to see. %?-#R-?-8A$-=-,$-:.R.-0->J?,
1d Please ask him when he arrived here yesterday. HR.-GA?-#R-#-?%-.?-/3-8A$-=-:.A<-,R/-0-
:SA-<R$?,
1e Go and see who she is taking care of. ?R%-/?-3R?-?-=-2.$-*R%-LJ.-28A/-;R.-0-vR?,
2 Can you tell me where he lives? HJ.-GA?-%-=-#R-<%-$%-.-2#.-;R.-0-2>.-/-(R$-$3,

2a Could you tell me where the nearest post office is? HJ.-GA?-%-=-:.A-.%-,$-(J?-*J-?:A-4$-
#%-.J-$%-/-;R.-0-2>.-/-AJ-(R$
2b Can you tell me who we have to see? HJ.-GA?-2.$-=-%-5S-3A-?-8A$-=-%J?-0<-.-,$-.$R?-0-
2>.-/-AJ-(R$
2c Could you tell me how we get to the place? HJ.-GA?-2.$-=-%-5S-?-.J<-&A-v<-:PR-.$R?-0-
2>.-/-AJ-(R$
166
1 A: Could you do something for me, please? HR.-GA?-%:A-(J.-.-L-2-8A$-212-/-AJ-(R$
B: What would you like me to do? HR.-GA?-%-=-&A-8A$-212-+-:)$-:.R.,
A: I'd like you to put the meat in the dish. HR.-GA?->-.J-#J<-3-.J:A-/%-.-8R$
1a Could you help me with English? HR.-GA?-%-=-.LA/-;A$-$A-!J%-/?-<R$?-<3-8A$-LJ.-,2-23,
2 Could you look after her while we're away? %-5S-KA-=-?R%-eJ?, HJ.-GA?-3R-=-2.$-*R%-LJ.-,2-

23,
2a Dorji's family has been away for two weeks. hR-eJ-5%-$A-29:-3A-$%-0R-KA<-?R%-/?-$9:-
:#R<-$*A?-:$R<-?R%-,
3 With pleasure! .$:-3R-.%-2&?,
3a A: Are you sure you don't mind? HR.-GA?-.R-$%-3A-LJ.-#R-,$-;A/-/3,
B: Glad to help! <R$?-<3-LJ.-0<-.$:-2R-:.$
4 I'll take good care of her. %?-3R<-2.$-*R%-29%-0R-LJ.-o-;A/,

4a We must take care of everything in school. %-5S?-%J?-0<-.-aR2-9:A-/%-$A-.%R?-0R-5%-3<-
$&J?-3?-LJ.-.$R?,
5 Make sure she has clean water every day. 3R<-(-$4%-3-*A/-o/-.-:,%-o-;R.-0-#$-,J$-LR?,
6 Please speak to her in English as much as possible every day. #R-3R<-*A/-<J-28A/-$%-,2-

|R?-.LA/-{.-2>.-<R$?,
7 He'll be here in a minute. #R-<%-&%-3A-:$R<-2<-:.A<-,R/-%J?,

7a Don't leave your seat. The film will begin in no time. HR.-5S:C-:.$-!J$?-.%-#-3-V=,
\R$-2f/-M<-.-:$R-lR3-o-<J.,
8 They are waiting, aren't they? #R-5S?-|$-/?-2#.-;R.-0-3-;AA/-/3,

8a You like fish, don't you? HR.-<%-*-><-.$:-2-3A/-/3,
8b You don't like fish, do you? HR.-*-><-3A-.$:-2-3A/-/3,
167
8c You haven't changed your mind, have you? HR.-GA?-<%-$A-2?3-]R-2&R?-2 + <-L?-3J.-0-;A/-
/3,
9 Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing? HR.-GA?-#R-5R:C-$/3-P-.J-.?-/3-8A$-=-0J-

&A/-.%-#-V=-o-;A/-0->J?-?3,
9a Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? HJ.- GA?- 2.$- =- %- 5S- |R- $%- =?- : PR- .$R?- 2-
2>.-/-(R$-$3,
9b Could you tell me what work we have to do? HJ.-GA?-2.$-=-%-5S?-L-2-&A-8A$-12-.$R?-0-
2>.-/-(R$-$3,

168
Unit 13 Happy New Year
#J-5/-2&-$?3-0, =R-$?<-29%-,
1 No news is good news. $/?-5=-$?<-2-3J.-/-/A-$+3-29%-<J.,
2 How time flies! .?-5S.-/A-)A-:S:A-3IR$?-0-=,
3 sitting room %=-$?R-#%-, 28$?-#%-,
4 hear from ;A-$J-:LR<-2-:3-$/?-5=-$R-2,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:--$/.,
Infinitive verbs. $9$?-:I<-L-5B$
1 They climbed up the hill to see the whole city clearly. #R-5S-<A-|%-=-:$R?-+J-PR%-HJ<-IA-HR/-
;R%?-=-$?=-2R-8A$-2v?,
1a Who will come to visit our school. ?-8A$-%-5S:C-aR2-9<-:53?-:SA-<-;R%-o-<J.,
1b To catch the early bus, he got up at five o'clock. _%?-:#R<-}R/-3:A-eJ?-(R.-KA<, #R-(-5S.-
s:A-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-2-;A/,
2 "Have been to" and "have been in" can be used with "once,'' "twice," "never,"
"ever," "several times," and "many times" to express time. || "Have been to" .%-
"have been in"$*A?-"once,'' "twice," "never," "ever," "several times," "many
times"?R$?-.%-3*3-.-.<-5K-.?-5S.-!R/-0-;A/,
2a A: Have you ever been to Xi'an? HR.-<%-8A-A/-=-?R%-AJ-MR%-,
B: I have been there twice. %-.J<-,J%?-$*A?-=-?R%-MR%-,
"Have been in"

2b He has been in Beijing. #R-0J-&A/-.-?R%-MR%-,
2c His brother has been in the army since he finished middle school. #R:C-1-2R-aR2-:VA%-
=?-3,<-KA/-0-/?-29%-.3$-$A-/%-/-;R.,
2d He has been in Sichuan for two years. #R-?A-OR/-/?-=R-$*A?-=-2#.,
3 Object Clause.
3a He said (that) it was very cold in Yushu. #R?-2>.-/-;=->=-IA-/3-^-@-&%-:H$?-9J<,
169
3b She said that there were hundreds of people at the horse racing. #R-3R?-2>.-/-g-o$?-
:P/-5S$?-!J%-.-3A-P%?-2o-U$-:$:-:.$-9J<,
4 Comparison of "have been to" and "have gone to." || "Have been to.%-have gone
to"$*A?-2#<-2,
4a She's gone to Rebgong. (She hasn't returned yet.) #R-<J2-$R%-=-2.-?R%-, (#R-.-.%-KA<-,R/-
3J.,)
4b She's been to Rebgong. (She went there once.) #R-<J2-$R%-=-?R%-MR%-, (#R-<J2-$R%-=-,J%?-
$&A$-?R%-MR%-,)

1 He's gone to England with his family. #R-<%-$A-HA3-3A-.%-:PR$?-/?-.LA/-)A<-2.-?R%-,
1a They've gone to the Great Wall. Have you ever been there? #R-5S-t$?-<A-<A%-2R<-2.-
?R%-, HR.-.J<-?R%-MR%-%3,
1b Have you received a letter from Dawa yet? HJ.-=-^-2:A-:UA/-;A$-&A$-AJ-:LR<,
2 How time flies. .?-5S.-/A-)A-:S:A-3IR$?-0-=,

2a How happy you look! HR.-=-)A-:S:A-3R-2-w/,
2b How fast a spaceship flies! :)A$-gJ/-:1<-P:A-:1<-5.-)A-:S:A-M<-2-=,
2c What a beautiful flower it is! )A-:S:A-3J-+R$-;$-0R-8A$-<J.-A%-,
3 Please give them all my best wishes. %?-#R-5S-=-(R/-:./-8-28A/-;R.-0->R.-.%-,

3a Best wishes to you! HR.-=-(J?-29%-2:A-(R/-:./-8,
4 Is she very unhappy without me? %-3J.-/-#R-3R-@-&%-3A-.$:-2-;A/-/3,

4a I can't finish the work without your help. HJ.-GA?-<R$?-3-L?-/-%?-L-2-.J-:P2-3A-,2,
5 Don't forget to give her some food and change her water, will you? 3R<-9-3-!J<-o-.%-(-
2eJ?-o-3-2eJ., HJ.-GA?-.J-v<-12-23,
5a Remember to tell him about this. #R-=-:.A:A-{R<-2>.-o-3-2eJ.,
170
5b You won't forget to post the letter, will you? HJ.-GA?-:UA/-;A$-:.A-2{<-o-2eJ.-3A-YA.-0-AJ-
2.J/,
6 He will work on a new book during his holiday. $/%-2:A-{2?-?-#R?-.0J-(-$?<-2-8A$-:VA-

:$R-2l3-o-<J.,
6a I believe that they will work hard on herding. #R-5S?-@<-,$-$A?-K$?-:5S-2<-%-=-;A.-(J?-
;R.,
6b I will have to choose presents for all the family soon, but I haven't chosen any yet.
%?-M<-.-HA3-3A-;R%?-=-=$-*J?-<J-2.3-o-;A/, :R/-G%-%?-.-.%-$&A$-G%-:.J3?-3J.,
7 Mum slept almost the whole way. A-3-1=-(J<-=3-,$-ZA=-2R<-$*A.-0-<J.,

7a It is almost as tall as the room. .J-/A-1=-(J<-#%-0:A-3,R-5.-.%-3*3,
7b The good news made almost everyone feel pleasant. :UA/-29%-:.A?-1=-(J<-3A-5%-3<-3R-
2-*J?-?-2&$
8 We've seen several members of the family since we arrived. %-5S-,R/-0-/?-29%-, HA3-5%-

:.A:A-HA3-3A-:$:-3,R%-,
8a You'll have to finish the exercises before class is over. aR2-OA.-3-PR=-2:A-}R/-=-HR.-GA?-
.%?-$8A-.J-.$-:VA-5<-.$R?,
9 It is now standing in the corner of our sitting room. .-v-.J-%-5S:C-:P=-#%-$A-P-9<-8A$-/-;R.,

9a The shop is just at the corner of the street. 5S%-#%-.J-Y%-=3-IA-P-9<-8A$-/-;R.,
10 He said that he was working hard on his Chinese. #R?-2>.-o<, #R?-o-;A$-=-:2.-2lR/-LJ.-

28A/-;R.-9J<,
10a A: What did Nima say in his letter? *A-3?-;A-$J-/%-.-&A-8A$-2>.-:.$
B: He said that he was going to return in two weeks. #R?-2>.-o<, #R-$9:-:#R<-$*A?-
GA-/%-.-KA<-,R/-,2-9J<,
10b He said that he hadn't bought any yet. #R?-2>.-o<, #R?-.-.%-&A-;%-3-*R?-9J<,
171
#J-5/-2&-28A-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,
1 kind-hearted ?J3?-29%-2:A, 3 look-up 8A2-2>J<, 5B$-36S.-[R$-0,
2 dress-up H-2-IR/-0, o/-3?-0, 4 on top of ---.J:A-!J%-/,

1 My grandparents are very kind-hearted. %:A-+ $-0R-.%-+ $-3R-$*A?-/A-@-&%-L3?-?J3?-w/,
1a You are sad-hearted. Why? HR.-<%-?J3?-#$-$A?-#J%?-;R.-0:A-o-35/-&A-;A/,
2 The plane landed safely. $/3-P-.J-2.J-:)$?-%%-,%-=-22?,

2a The bird landed on top of the house. L-.J-#%-0:A-[.-=-22?,
2b He fills each of the bowls with beef. #R?-.!<-;R=-<J-<J:A-/%-.-{3->?-2!%-2<-L?,
3 When they were young, Mr Green sometimes dressed up in a red coat. #R-5S-=R-/-(%-%:A-
.?-?, {-82?-$-<J/-IA?-{2?-=-=<-H-2-.3<-0R-8A$-IR/,
3a All the girls dressed up for the party. .$R%-5S$?-.J-=-8$?-(J.-2.-3J.-i3?-GA?-|$-(?-3?,
3b When we were young, we dressed up in new robes during Tibetan New Year. %-
5S-=R-/-(%-%:A-.?-?, $/3-=R-$?<-5K?-GA-*A/-3R<-2R.-H-$?<-2-IR/-0-;A/,
4 Now look up the words in a dictionary. .-v-5B$-36S.-=?-,-~.-:.A-.$-:5S=-.$R?,

5 They met at the school gate and said hello to each other. #R-5S-aR2-9:A-o-|R-/?-,$-!J-1/-5/-
=-:53?-:SA-L?,
5a The children told each other to try not to sleep on Losar Eve. =R-$?<-IA-{2?-?, LA?-
0-i3?-GA-8$-$%-0R<-3-$*A.-8J?-1/-5/-=-2>.,
6 You're never too old to enjoy Christmas. HR.-<%-!R/-0-;A->:A-:O%?-{<-IA-.$:-!R/-=-<R=-2<-

/3-;%-c?-3A-YA.,
6a You are too young to understand such things. HR.-<%-=R-/-@-&%-$8R/-S$?-0?-.R/-:.A:A-
<A$?-gR$?-.!:,
172
6b He couldn't wait to tell them the good news. #R?-#R-5S<-$+3-29%-.J-2>.-o<-|$-3A-,2,
7 Let's help each other, shall we? %-5S?-1/-5/-=-<R$?-<3-LR?-/-&A-:S-<J.,

7a It's from England, isn't it? .J-/A-.LA/-)A-/?-;R%-2-3-<J.-.3,
7b You are new, aren't you? HR.-/A-aR2-3-$?<-2-8A$-3A/-/3,
7c Uncle Jantso will be free next week, won't he? $9:-:#R<-eJ?-3<, A-#-o-35S-=-#R3-0-
;R.-0-3-;A/-/3,
7d The children can't ride horse, can they? LA?-0-5S-g<-8R/-3A-,2-0-3-;A/-/3,

173
Unit 15 At home with the twins
#J-5/-2&R-s-2, 35K-3-.%-3*3-.-HA3-.-;R.-0,
1 What can I do for you? %?-HJ.-=-&A-8A$-212-,2,
2 I would like to make friends with her. %?-#R-3R-.%-PR$?-21A$-/-:.R.,
3 I won't make a mistake if you teach me well. $=-+J-HR.-GA?-%-=-aR2-!R/-=J$?-0<-$/%-/-%?-
/R<-:O=-3A-29R,
4 I can't decide which one to buy. %?-$%-8A$-*R-.$R?-0-,$-$A?-3A-(R.,
5 Would you like to try it on before you buy it? HR.-GA?-3-*R?-0:A-}R/-.-IR/-+J-5S.-2v-&A$-L-:.R.-
.3,
6 Those trousers are not large enough for him. b%-$3-.J-#R-=-</-0-3A/,
7 That new leather coat is not cheap. !R-2:A-!R.-H-.J:A-<A/-$R%-a-3R-3-<J.,
8 Please take your time! HR.-<%-.=-3R<-LR?-(R$
9 I get on well with all my classmates. %-.%-aR2-PR$?-5R:C-2<-IA-:VJ=-2-29%-,
10 I'll visit you right away. %-HR.-=-:U=-.-3)=-2<-:R%-,
11 No hurry! VJ=-:52-3-*J?,

1 Father: Do we need some more tea? %-5S<-)-&%-3%-2R-.$R?-?3,
Mother: Yes. I think we do. <J.-;, %?-2?3-/-%-5S<-.$R?-o-<J.,
1a A: Do you need one more cup of milk tea? HR.-=-.-.%-:R-)-.!<-;R=-$%-.$R?-?3,
B: Yes. I think I do. Ask Cairang to get some more. <J.-;, %?-2v?-/-.$R?, 5K-<A%-=-
2>.-.J-:HJ<-;R%-$A-8R$
1b A: Would you like some cheese? HR.-=-(<-2-.$R?-?3,
B: Yes. I would like some, please. .$R?-=$?, %-=-&%-43-.$R?-=$?,
2 Lucy: Mom, can't Lily do it? It's her turn!A-3, =J-=J?-.J-12-3A-,2-23, .-/A-#R:C-<J?-<J.,

Mother: So it is! Lily did you hear what I said? AR-.J-<J., HR.-GA?-%?-&A-2>.-0-AJ-$R-,=, =J-=J,
174
2a Lhamo: Can’t Cairang herd the livestock alone? It’s his turn. 5K-<A%-$&A$-0?-K$?-:5S-
3A-,2-23, .J-#R:C-<J?-<J.,
Dad: So it is! Cairang, did you hear what I said? AR-.J-<J., 5K-<A%-, HR.-GA?-%?-&A-8A$-2>.-
0-AJ-$R-,=,
2b Lhamo: Didn’t you hear me, Zhaxi? It’s your turn to fetch the water! 2N->A?, HR.-
GA?-%?-2>.-0-3-$R:3, .-/A-HR.-<%-(-=J/-<J?-<J.,
Zhaxi: So it is. I’ll do it at once. :R-.J-<J., %?-.J-M<-.-212-o-;A/,
3 He asked whether they needed some more tea. #R?-#R-5S<-)-&%-3%-2R-.$R?-3A/-SA?,
3a The headmaster asked whether the new students came from Lhasa. aR2-$4S?-aR2-3-
$?<-2-5S-z-?-/?-;R%-3A/-SA?,
3b Uncle Danba asked whether they liked his new robe. A-#-2!/-0?-#R-5S-#R:C-2R.-H-$?<-
2<-.$:-3A/-SA?,
3c People often ask whether I like being a twin. 3A-i3?-GA?-o/-.-%-<%-35K-3-8A$-;A/-0<-.$:-
3A/-SA?,
4 Usually we get on very well with each other. %-5S:C-:VJ=-2-.?-o/-.-@-&%-29%-,
4a It is very important to get on well with each other. 1/-5/-2<-:PA$-3,/-;R%-o-/A-@-&%-$=-
(J/-0R-;R.,
4b How are you getting on with your English study? HR.-GA-.LA/-;A$-$A-aR2-.R%-$-:S-<J.,
:R/-G%-3A-i3?-GA?-.-.%-%J.-$*A?-1/-5/-/R<-:PR
5 But people still mistake us for each other.
5a I am very sorry that I mistook your meaning. %?-HJ.-GA-.R/-$R-=R$-+-?R%-2<-.$R%?-.$-8,
5b You must tell him that he has made a great mistake. HR.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-#R-=-#R?-/R<-:O=-
(J/-0R-8A$-29R?-?R%-8J?-9J<-.$R?,
6 Can’t we be different from each other sometimes? %J.-$*A?-1/-5/-2<-{2?-:$<-H.-0<-;R.-

/-3A-(R$-$3,
6a These two sheep look the same, but they are different from each other in many
ways. =$-:.A-$*A?-2v?-/-:S-3R.-:R/-G%-:.A-$*A?-2<-3A-:S-?-3%-0R-;R.,
6b Do you know the new singer? His way of singing is different from Debi's. HR.-GA?-
\-2-$?<-2-.J-AJ->J?, #R?-\-=J/-!%?-2..-SJ-.%-3A-:S,
175
7 Sometimes, my grandma decides to buy a big birthday present for both of us. {2?-
:$<, %:A-kR-2R?-%J.-$*A?-=-*J?-{<-IA-=J$?-*J?-(J/-0R-8A$-*R-o:A-,$-2&.,
7a Lhamo decided to travel to Lhasa with her father during this summer holiday. z-
3R?-,J%?-:.A:A-.L<-$/%-{2?-?-3R:C-A-1-.%-:PR$?-/?-z-?<-:PR-o:A-,$-2&.,
7b Both brothers decided to put up a tent in the mountains. %/-$*A?-0R?-<A-/?-4-12-o:A-
,$-2&.,
8 We can't decide who should open it first. %-5S?-??-}R/-=-#-KJ?-.$R?-0-,$-$A?-$&R.-3A-,2,

8a Please tell me who should ferment the yoghurt. HR.-GA?-??-8R-2~=-.$R?-0-%-=->R.,
8b She decided that she should drive the sheep home earlier than usual. 3R?-=$-/3-o/-
=?-}-3R<-HA3-=-.J.-;R%-o:A-,$-2&.,
9 Shall I ask the shopkeeper if I can try it on? %?-5R%-2.$-=-H-2-.J-IR/-/?-5S.-2v-L?-(R$-3A/-

SA-/-&A-:S-<J.,
9a You should try on the boots before you decide to buy them. HR.-GA?-*R-lA?-3-L?-$R%-:
)<-g-IR/-/?-5S.-2v-LJ.-.$R?,
9b May I try on that red hat before I decide if I want to buy it? E-3R-.3<-0R-.J-*R-3A/-,$-3-
2&.-$R%-%?-IR/-/?-5S.-2v-L-(R$-$3,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
The Object Clause (4)
1 How to use whether and if. || Whether.%if$*A?-GA-2!R=-!%?,
"Whether.%-if"$*A?-/A-;A/-3A/-.%-;R.-3J.-?R$?-GA-.R/-.%-1=-(J<-35%?, .0J<-/,
1a She asked if / whether I wanted more mutton. #R-3R?-%-=-=$->-.$R?-3A/-SA?,
1b She asks if / whether I have a new Tibetan robe. #R-3R?-%-=-2R.-H-$?<-2-8A$-;R.-3J.-SA?,
1c The village leaders discussed if / whether we should fight for the grassland. #J-
.0R/-5S?-%-5S?-C-?-lR.-.$R?-3A/-PR?-2#<-L?,
1d The lama isn't sure whether / if there will be a religious gathering. :5S$?-;R.-3J.-]-
3-5%-=-$?=-(-3J.,
176
2 How to use too and either. || Too.%either$*A?-GA-2!R=-!%?,
Either&J?-0:A-3A%-:.A-=-3-3,:-;%-.R/-IA-i3?-P%?-$?3-;R.-.J,
.%-2R-/A-.%R?-2R-$*A?-GA-/%-$A-$%-<%-8A$-&J?-0:A-.R/-;A/-+J-.0J<-/,
2a Here are two horses, you can choose either (one or the other). HR.-GA?-g-:.A-$*A?-=?-
$%-<%-8A$-$.3-(R$
2b Either of you can come to my house. HR.-$*A?-GA-?-;A/-<%-%:A-HA3-=-;R%-(R$
$*A?-0-/A-$*A?-0R-8J?-0:A-.R/-=-:)$-!J-.0J<-/,
2c Trees are budding on either side of the street. =3-:P3-GA-#R%-2R-:2?-28A/-:.$
2d His hands rested on either side of her shoulders. #R:A-=$-0-3R:C-U$-3$R-$*A?-=-28$-/?-
%=-$?R?,
$?3-0-/A-#.-0:A-5B$-;A/-+J-G%-;%-:%-$?3-.%-.R/-:S-2-;A/, .0J<-/,
2e Cairang hasn't finished his homework. Doma hasn't, either. 5K-<A%-$A?-=?-L-VA?-3-5<-
=-1R=-3?-G%-VA?-5<-3J.,
2f Nima didn't agree to fetch water. Yangzom didn't agree, either. *A-3-(-=J/-.-:PR-o<-3-
:,.-=-.L%?-:6S3?-G%-:,.-0-3-L%-,
"Too";%-G%-:%-;%-$?3-IA-.R/-.%-1=-(J<-:S-!J-.0J<-2eR.-$>3-$?=-v<,
2g Uncle Danba has bought a red horse. Uncle Danzen has bought one, too. A-#-2!/-
0?-g-n%-.3<-8A$-*R?-9A/-=-A-#-2!/-:6B/-IA?-G%-$&A$-*R?,
2h Doma likes butter tea. Cairang likes it, too. 1R=-3-.N$-)<-.$:-=-5K-<A%-;%-.J-=-.$:,
177
Unit 16 What's it made of?
#J-5/-2&-S$-0, .J-&A-8A$-$A?-29R?,
1 My sword is made of metal and it was made in Nepal. %: A-<=- PA-/A-t$?-GA?-P2- 0-;A/-=-.J-/A-
2=-2R-/?-2h%?-2-<J.,
2 A corral is used for keeping the animals. K$?-G-/A-K$?-:$R$-LJ.-.-29R?-0-;A/,
3 English is used by many people in the world as their mother tongue. :63-\A%-!J%-3A-3%-
2R-8A$-$A?-.LA/-;A$-/A-#R-5S:C-3-{.-.%-:S-2<-,R.-28A/-;R.,
4 Tibetan art is popular around the world. 2R.-GA- + -l=-/A-:63-\A%-,R$-.<-H2-(J,
1 What's it made of? .J-/A-o-&A-8A$-$A?-P2-0-<J.,
1a What are the prayer beads made of? UJ%-2-/A-o-&A-=?-29R?-0-<J.,
1b Prayer beads are usually made of sandalwood. UJ%-2-/A-o/-w/-IA?->A%-4/-./-IA?-29R?-0-
<J.,
2 Find the names of the five countries where English is spoken as the first language.
.LA/-;A$-3-{.-28A/-.-,R.-0:A-o=-#2-s:A-3A%-:5S=,
2a The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is well known as the roof of the world. 35S-2R.-3,R-|%-/A-
:63-\A%-$A-;%-lJ-8J?-~/-0-(J,
2b The yak is known as the boat of the plateau. $;$-/A-3,R-|%-$A-P-$9A%?-+-:.R.,
3 Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world? :63-\A%-!J%-

3A-:2R<-3%->R?-GA?-,R.-28A/-0:A-{.-<A$?-/A-$%-;A/-/3,
3a What kind of religious entertainment is performed in your village during the New-
Year? =R-$?<-{2?-?-HR.-5S:C-#J-2:A-/%-(R?-=$?-GA-LJ.-|R-$-:S-8A$-%J=-28A/-;R.,
3b What Tibetan dialects are spoken in Tibetan areas? 2R.-#=-/-;=-{.-&A-8A$-:(.-GA/-;R.,
4 English is the first language in none of these countries. o=-#2-:.A-.$-=?-$&A$-$A?-G%-

.LA/-;A$-1-{.-.-,R.-GA/-3J.,
178
4a Seafood and chicken are popular in none of the villages of my home county. 35S-
9?-.%-L->-/A-%:A-1-;=-IA-#J-2-$&A$-=:%-.<-3A-(J,
4b Skyscrapers are present in none of the grassland areas I’ve visited. %-?R%-MR%-0:A-
:VR$-#=-$&A$-=:%-#%-2lJ$?-3,R/-0R-3J.,
5 It's one of the world's most important languages, because it is so widely used. (.LA/-
;A$).J-/A-:63-\A%-!J%-(J?-$=-(J-2:A-{.-<A$?->A$-;A/-0-/A-.J:A-,R.-o-(J-2:A-KA<-<R,
5a Tsamba is one of the Tibetan people's popular foods, because it is so nutritious
and convenient. l3-0-/A-2R.-3A-=-.<-H2-(J-2:A-9?-<A$?->A$-<J., o-35/-/A-.J-@-&%-:5S-2&.-29%-
=-!2?-2.J-2:A-KA<-<R,
5b Lhabrang is one of the famous monasteries in Amdo, because of its long history.
]-V%-/A-A-3.R:C-3A%-P$?-(J-2:A-.$R/-0-8A$-;A/-0-/A-.J<-=R-o?-<A%-3R-;R.-0:A-KA<,
6 English is spoken as the first language by most people in the USA... A-<A:A-3A-3%-2R-8A$-
$A?-.LA/-;A$-1-{.-28A/-.-,R.-GA/-;R.,
6a Mani is recited as a mantra essence by most Tibetan people in China. N%-$R-<-2R.-3A-
3%->R?-GA?-3-EA-.J-$9%?-}$?-GA-~A%-2R-v<-.-:.R/-28A/-;R.,
6b My engagement was decided by my father just before he died. %:A-$*J/-g$?-/A-%:A-A-
1-3-:.?-2:A-}R/-.-#R?-,$-$A?-2&.-0-;A/,
7 Most business letters around the world are written in English. :63-\A%-!J%-$A-5S%-=?-GA-
;A$-<A$?-3%->R?-/A-.LA/-;A$-$A?-VA?-;R.,
7a Most Tibetan authors’ works are related to Buddhism. 2R.-GA-lR3-0-0R-3%->R?-GA-2l3?-
(R?-/A-/%-2!/-.%-:VJ=-2-;R.,
8 If you learn even a little English, you’ll find it useful after you leave school. $=-+J-HR.-
GA?-.LA/-;A$-&%-43-8A$-.%?-/:%-, HR.-<%-aR2-3,<-KA/-eJ?-HR.-GA?-.J-<%-=-1/-,R$?-;R.-0->J?-,2,
8a If you speak even a little Tibetan, you’ll find it easy when you travel in Tibetan
places. $=-+J-HR.-GA?-2R.-{.-&%-43-8A$-2>.->J?-5K-HR.-<%-2R.-;=-.-2v-{R<-=-:PR-.?-!2?-2.J-3R-
8A$-;A/-0->J?-,2,
8b If you had even a little money, you’d find it easy to persuade her. $=-+J-HR.-=-|R<-3R-
*%-%-43-8A$-;R.-5K-HR.-GA?-#R-3R-:$$?-a-2->J?-,2,
179
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
The Passive Voice and the Active Voice. $8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-.%-<%-.2%-&/-IA-5B$
<%-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-.%-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5A$-$*A?-GA-/%-.R/-:S-35%?-;A/-<%-<%-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-$A-LJ.-0-0R-
$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-$A-"-by";A-;=-5B$-;A/, .J-/-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5A$-$A-i3-0-/A "be + :.?-0:A-3A%-n%-
";A/-=-"be"/A-"am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, will be"?R$?-GA-52-;A/-0-.%-,
L-LJ.-,-..-0:A-=?-5B$-n%-2-#R-/-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-$A-/%-.-2!R=-(R$-0-=?-L-LJ.-,-3A-..-0:A-=?-5B$-$+/-
/?-2!R=-3A-(R$ :.A<-2>.-0:A-L-LJ.-,-..-0:A-=?-5B$-/A-=?-5B$-$A-eJ?-?-;=-5B$-2!R=-3A-(R$-0:A-=?-5B$-i3?-
=-9J<-<R, $8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-=-i3-0-28A-43-;R.-0-.J-.$-<J-<J-/A, ,A<-2+%-.-v-2, ,A<-2+%-:.?-0, 3-:R%?-
0, L?-9A/-.-v-2-2&?-28A:R, .J-.$-<J-<J<-.0J<-2!R.-/-$>3-v<,
1 Past Simple. ,A<-2+%-:.?-0,
1a The government repaired the old bridge last year. YA.-$8%-$A?-93-fA%-.J-/-/A%-8A$-$?R-
L?,
1b The old bridge was repaired by the government last year. 93-fA%-.J-YA.-$8%-$A?-/-/A%-
8A$-$?R-L?,
2 Simple Future. 3-:R%?-0,
2a Many pine trees will be planted around the monastery by the end of next year.
$?R3-#R%-3%-2R-8A$-?%-=R:A-=R-3)$-2<-.-.$R/-0:A-3,:-{R<-.-:6$?-o-<J.,
3 Present simple. ,A<-2+%-.-v-2,

=2-4K:A-$/?-;=-/A-]-3?-:.J3?-0-<J.,
3a Mountain god altar sites are chosen by lamas.
3b Mountain god altar sites are chosen by whom? =2-4K:A-$/?-;=-??-:.J3?-0-<J.,
4 Present Perfect tense. L?-9A/-.-v-2,

4a I have made many sacrificial fires. 2.$-$A?-2?%-3%-2R-1.-MR%-,
4b Many sacrificial fires have been made by me. 2.$-$A?-2?%-3%-2R-8A$-1.-MR%-,
.J-/-%-5S?-i3-0-&A-v-2-8A$-$A-:R$-+-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-$A-i3-0-:.A-2!R=-.$R?-8J?-/, ,A<-2+%-.-L-2-LJ.-
3#/-0-!J-LJ.-0-0R-.J-$4S-2R-3A/-0:3->J?-3A-.$R?-0:A-{2?-?-:3, ;%-/-L-2-.J-$?=-2R<-!R/-.$R?-0:A-{2?-?-
2!R=-.$R?-0-;A/, :R-/-%-5S?-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-=-;A/-$&A$-3A/-$*A?-=-"-by"2!R=-.$R?-2-;A/-/3-8J-/,
.J-/A-3-;A/-+J, ,A<-2+%-.-$8/-5B$-=-"-by"3J.-3R.-:R/-G%-{2?-.J:A-LJ.-0-0R->J?-.$R?-/-.-$9R.-%-5S?-2!R=-
.$R?-2-;A/,
180
Unit 17 What was it used for?
#J-5/-2&-2./-0, .J-&A-8A$-=-2!R=-2-<J.,
1 Can you tell me the way to the Nationalities Press? HR.-GA?-%-=-3A-<A$?-.0J-0/-#%-=-:PR-?:A-
=3-2>.-(R$-$3,
2 You can't miss it. HR.-/R<-3A-YA.,
3 Please turn left / right at the (third) crossing. HR.-28A-3.R-($?3-0)/?-$;R/- / $;?-KR$?-?-

:#R<,
4 Have you seen those military weapons on show in the museum? HR.-GA?-:PJ3?-!R/-#%-/-
2N3-;R.-0:A-.3$-3:A-35S/-(-.J-.$-3,R%-L%-%3,
5 PULL / PUSH :,J/ / $+R.,
6 BUSINESS HOURS 5S%-$*J<-.?-5S.,
7 ENTRANCE :6=-|R
8 EXIT ,R/-|R
9 NO PHOTOS 0<-]%?-3A-(R$
10 NO SMOKING .-2-:,J/-3A-(R$

1 What was it used for? .J-&A-8A$-=-2!R=-2-<J.,
1a What is a wooden bucket used for? >A%-9R:-/A-&A-LJ.-0<-3#R,
1b It is used for milking female yaks. .J-/A-:VA-3R:A-:R-3-28R-2<-3#R,
2 Can you tell me the way to the museum, please? HR.-GA?-%-=-:PJ3?-!R/-#%-=-:PR-?:A-=3-

2>.-/-AJ-(R$-$3,
2a Can you tell me the way to Kumbum Monastery, please? HR.-GA?-%-=-{-:23-=-:PR-?:A-
=3-2>.-/-AJ-(R$-$3,
2b Go along Number One Road until you reach the big intersection, cross the
intersection, turn left, and then you will find a bus station where you can find
many buses to Kumbum. You can't miss it! =3-(J/-.%-2R-2o.-.J-?R%-/-28A-3.R-(J/-0R<-,$-
181
0-.%-.J-:UJ.-GA?-2&.-.J-$;R/-.-:#R<-/-HR.-GA?-{-:23-=-:PR-2:A-_%?-:#R<-3%-0R-8A$-fJ.-,2-0?-HR.-<%-
/R<-3A-YA.,
3 It says here, on the card, that it was used in plays. >R$-L%-:.A:A-!J%-/-:.A-/A-^R?-$<-GA-/%-.-

2!R=-2-;A/-8J?-VA?-:.$
3a It says here, in the book, that the Potala Palace was established during King
Songzangambo's reign. .0J-(-:.A:A-/%-.-1R-V%-0R-+-=-/A-o=-2R-YR%-24/-IA-.2%- + <-{2?-?-
28J%?-0-;A/-8J?-VA?-:.$
3b The tour guide explained to us that Shakyamuni's life was depicted on the
monastery walls. $J->/-0-.J?-!R/-0:A-:O%?-<2?-.$R/-0:A-t$?-<A:A-!J%-2!R.-;R.-8J?-%-5S<-$?=-
2>.-L?,
4 These days we use a thermos. *A/-:.A-.$-=-%-5S?-5-.J3-2!R=-2-;A/,

4a These days we use vehicles instead of yaks in many Amdo areas. .J%-?%-A-3.R:C-?-(-
3%->R?-?-$/$-K$?-GA-52-.-:U=-:#R<-2!R=-GA/-;R.,
4b In the old days we used to use prayer flags as victory flags, but now we use them
in religious activities. }R/-(.-%-5S?-.<-tR$?-.J-o=-#:A-35S/-g$?-8A$-$A-5=-.-2!R=-3R., :R/-G%-
.-v-(R?-=$?-GA-(R-$-8A$-+-2lA-28A/-;R.,
5 Some of the things were hundreds of years old. .%R?-0R-=-=-8A$-=R-%R-2o-U$-.-3-:$R<-;R.,

5a Most of the nomad girls are married at the age of seventeen. :VR$-3R-3%-(J->R?-=R-2&-
2./-!J%-$*J/-1A$-LJ.,
5b Some of the Tibetan teachers are specialized in the Gesar epic. 2R.-<A$?-.$J-c/-:$?-
$J-?<-~/-lR3-=-(J.-.-8A2-:)$-LJ.-28A/-3(A?,
6 The group of girls all moved on and had a good drink of tea together. 2-3R:A-{R<-.J-3*3-
.-?R%-/?-)-;A.-5B3-0-8A$-:,%-,
6a The flock of wild geese flew down to the lake and rested for the night. <A-*J?-%%-2-
H-$&A$-(.-GA-35S-#<-:1<-+J-35/-3R<-%=-$?R?,
6b The herd of wild yaks left their winter pasture in the mountains and moved down
to the valley. :VR%-H-.J-<A-:$R:C-.$/-?-.%-#-V=-/?-(.-GA-=%-2<-;R%-,
182
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
The Passive Voice(2) $8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$
,A<-2+%-:.?-0,
$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-=?-,A<-2+%-:.?-0:A-i3-0-.J?-:.?-9A/-0:A-.?-{2?-%J?-&/-8A$-$A-/%-.-.R/-.$-$%-
8A$-212?-0-!R/-0-;A/, .J:A-i3-0-/A-"be (:.?-0) + :.?-0:A-3A%-n%";A/,
1 Statement $?=-2>.-GA-i3-0,
1a Tibetan writing was invented by Sambhota in the seventh century. 2R.-;A$-/A-.?-<2?-
2./-0:A-/%-,R/-3A?-$?<-29R-L?-0-<J.,
1b Tibetan was spoken in my hometown when I was a child. %-<%-LA?-0-;A/-.?-%:A-1-;=
-/-2R.-{.-2>.-GA/-;R.,
2 Questions :SA-5B$-$A-i3-0,
2a What was invented by Sambhota? ,R/-3A?-&A-8A$-$?<-2+R.-L?-0-;A/-/3,
2b What language was spoken in your hometown when you were a little child? HR.-
<%-LA?-0-;A/-.?-HR.-GA-1-;=-/-{.-<A$?-&A-8A$-:(.-GA/-;R.-.3,

183
Unit 18 Planting trees
#J-5/-2&R-2o.-0, #R%-2R-:6$?-0,
1 This tea’s salt content is just right. )-:.A:A-/%-$A-D:A-5.-+$-+$-</-0R-:.$
2 The more you study, the better you will become. aR2-.R%-=-)A-v<-:2.-/-HR.-<%-.J-v<-)J-29%-
.-:I<-:PR,
3 He can more or less communicate in English. #R?-.LA/-;A$-$A-=3-/?-1=-(J<-$R-2h-3R.-,2,
4 Lhasa is far away from my village. z-?-/A-%:A-;=-#J-.%-#-,$-@-&%-<A%-,
5 Some old people in our village say we must stop the animals from coming to the crop
fields. %-5S:A-#J-2:A-c/-0-<J-:$?-%-5S?-%J?-0<-.-K$?-9R$-8A%-/%-.-;R%-2<-2!$-:$R$-LJ.-.$R?-9J<,

1 Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow. ?%-*A/-HR.-GA-$R/-0-fA%-2-.$-IR/-/?-aR2-9<->R$
1a Some muscular young Tibetan men came to dance gracefully in their unique
robes. =?-!R2?-o?-2:A-2R.-<A$?-1R-$8R/-:$?-:P/-^-V=-2:A-H-2-IR/-8A%-2eA.-*3?-w/-0:A-%%-
82?-VR-:O2-0<-;R%-,
1b Come to the meeting tomorrow in your best robe. ?%-*A/-HR.-GA-H-2-(J?-29%-2R-.J-IR/-/?-
5S$?-:.<->R$
2 The ground must be just right neither too wet nor too dry. ?-$8A-.J-:S:A-3A-_R/-8A%-3A-{3-0<-
5.-.%-</-0-8A$-;A/-.$R?,
2a The boots must be just right neither too large nor too small. :)<-g-.J-%J?-0<-.-5.-.%-
</-0-8A$-.$R?-+J-(J-3A-*/=-(%-;%-3A-*/,
2b Neither of us speaks Tibetan. %J.-$*A?-GA?-2R.-{.-3A-:(.,
3 Knock a long stick into the earth next to the hole. Make sure that it is straight. .L$-0-
<A%-2R-8A$-#%-2:A-:P3-IA-?-/%-.-2h2-/?-.J-S%-3R-;A/-3A/-=-2v-.$R?,
3a Pound a nail into the wall next to the doorframe. Make sure that it is strong
enough to hang the picture from. :6K<-3-8A$-|R-:P3-=-2h2-/?, .J-=-:S-0<-2!=-5K-Y-3R-;A/-
3A/-=-$?=-2R<-2v-.$R?,
3b Push this cart to the field near the road. Make sure that the cart is full of manure.
>A%-g-.J-=3-#:A-8A%-/%-=-:.J.-.$R?, .J-=.-GA?-2!%-;R.-3J.-=-$?=-2R<-vR?,
4 Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. #R%-2R-#%-2:A-/%-.-28$-/-.-$9R.-S%-3R-;A/,
184
4a Put more clothes on so that you will not feel cold. IR/-0-3%-0R-$R/-/-.-$9R.-HR.-=-(3-/.-
3A-1R$
4b Fence the grassland so that the animals won't starve in the winter. C-?<-<-2{R<-5K-
.$/-#<-K$?-9R$-3$-$A?-3A-:(A,
5 A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand. $>A/-?-3%-2R-.J-5S-.%-4$?-/?-
9.-?R%-0?->=-.-=?-0-/A-LJ-3-#R-/-<J.,
5a Many young men leave our village every spring, leaving only the women and girls.
.JA.-!<-1R-$8R/-3%-0R-#J-2-.%-#-V=-/?-2.-:PR-2?->=-.-=?-0-/A-2.-3J.-5S-.%-$8R/-/-3-.$-<J.,
5b All the old people left the party, leaving only the young people to sing love songs.
c/-0-i3?-!R/-5S$?-/?-2.-?R%-0?->=-.-;R.-0:A-/-$8R/-5S<-=-$8?-=J/-+-2&$
6 Today, too many trees are still being cut down in the USA. A-3J-<A-!-<-.-v-.-.%-#R%-2R-3%-
0R-$&R.-28A/-;R.,
6a Nowadays, Tibetan studies is being taught all over the world. 3A$-}<-2R.-GA-<A$-$/?-
/A-:63-\A%-?-KR$?-!/-.-%J=-28A/-;R.,
6b Today, many children are still being kept by their parents from attending schools.
LA?-0-3%-0R-8A$-.J%-?%-.-.%-aR2-9<-:PR-2<-1-3?-2!$-:$R$-,J2?-GA/-;R.,
7 They must be built all over the world. (#R%-2R).J-5S-%J?-2<-.-:63-\A%-?-HR/-!/-+-:6$?-.$R?,
7a Our temple should be finished by the end of this year. %-5R:C-z-#%-.-=R:C-=R-3)$-2<-.-
=J$?-:P2-L%-%J?,
7b Pine trees must be planted along the bank of this river. (-2R:A-:P3-o.-.-%J?-2<-.-$?R3-
#R%-:6$?-.$R?,
8 But we're growing a lot more now, thanks to the Green Wall. :R/-G%-%-5S?-.-v-3%-2R-
:6$?-28A/-;R.-0?, }R-u%-/$?-=-,$?-eJ-(J-8,
8a Animal husbandry in my hometown has been very successful, thanks to animal
scientists. %-5S:C-1-;=-GA-K$?-=?-=-P2-:V?-(J/-0R-,R2-0?-K$?-=?-(J.-3#?-=-2!:-SA/-(J-8?-2-
;A/,
8b My brother won the prize in the horse racing, thanks to our steed. %:A-1-2R-=-g-o$?-:
P/-2#<-=?-o=-#-,R2-0?-%-5S:C-g-3(R$-/A-2!:-SA/-(J:R,
185
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1. The Passive Voice. $8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-=?-;A.-:I<-!R/-0:A-L-5B$-.%-.<-2,
;A.-:I<-!R/0:A-L-5B$-!Jwill, would, can, could, shall, should, ought to, must, have to,
may, might2&?-;A/-=, .J-/A-.LA/-;A$-$A-L-5B$-$8/-.$-.%-$+/-/?-3A-:S-2-!J, .%-2R, ;A.-:I<-L-5B$-$%-
9$-$?3-0-.%-3*3-.-.R<-;%-eJ?-?"-s".R<-3A-.$R?, .0J<-/,
1a He can speak Chinese. #R?-o-{.-:(.-,2,
1b She should be here by nine. #R-3R-.?-5S.-.$:A-,R$-:.A<-,R/-.$R?,
$*A?-0, "not" 2!R=-/?-*3?-:I<-!R/-0:A-L-5B$-.J-,A<-2+%-.-v-2-.%-,A<-2+%-:.?-0-<:%-.$$-5B$-+-
2 + <-(R$-0-!J-.0J<-/,
1c He shouldn’t be late. #R-<%-:KA-3A-*/,
1d They might not come to the party. #R-5S-.$R%-5S$?-!J%-3A-1J2?-/-,%-,
$?3-0, *3?-:I<-!R/-0:A-L-5B$-3%-2R-:.?-0:3-3-:R%?-2<-2!R=-3A-(R$-0-!J, .0J<-/,
1e He will can go with us. /R<-2,
1f She must would study very hard. /R<-2,
:.A<-%-5S?-$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-.%-.R<-o-;A/-=-.J:A-.R<-!%?-/A-$>3-$?=-v<,
1g Many trees should be planted. #R%-2R-3%-2R-8A$-%J?-2<-.-:6$?-.$R?,
1h The ritual may be completed tomorrow. (R?-=$?-GA-(R-$-.J-?%-*A/-;R%?-?-3)$-mR$?-%J?,
1i The old bridge must be repaired by Tibetan New Year. 93-fA%-.J-%J?-2<-.-2R.-GA-=R-$?<-
2<-.-*3?-$?R-LJ.-.$R?,
2. Measurement 3)=-LJ.-5.-$8A,
2a My swimming pool is only two meters deep. %:A-(-n=-mA%-2-.J:A-$+A%-5.-=-kA.-$*A?-;R.,
2b This history book is just five centimetres thick. =R-o?-.0J-.J2-:.A:A-3,$-5.-=-=A?-kA.-s-
+$-+$-;R.,
2c Our village's threshing ground is about two kilometres wide. %-5S:A-#J-2:A-$;=-#:A-8J%-
=-,A-=J-$*A?-43-;R.,
2d My grandpa is seventy nine years old. %:A-A-MJ?-/A-=R-2./-&-.R/-.$-;A/,
2e That stupa is sixty meters tall. 3(R.-gJ/-.J:A-3,R-5.-=-kA.-S$-&-;R.,
2f The surrounding wall of this temple is three meters high. z-#%-:.A:A-t$?-<A:A-3,R-5.-=-
kA.-$?3-;R.,
186
#J-5/-2&-.$-2, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,

1 How long does it take to go to Lhasa by train / bus / horse / airplane / foot? z-?<-3J-
:#R<-=-2#.-.J- \ ,A-,R.-_%?-:#R<-2#.-.J- \ g-=-28R/-/?- \ $/3-P<-2#.-.J- \ b%-,%-=- \ ?R%-/-.?-
5S.-$-5S.-.$R?,
2 How far away is Kumbum from Ziling? 9A-=A%-/?-{-:23-2<-=-&A-43-;R.,
3 Don’t drink all the time. .?-o/-.-(%-3-:,%-,
4 Many eagles began hovering in space after the wolf killed the sheep. ,%-!A?-=$-2?.-
eJ?-L-cR.-3%-0R-3#:-/?-wA%-{R<-o$-:$R-2l3?,
5 So far as I know no Tibetans can speak Russian. %?->J?-0-v<-/-A-<-?:A-{.-5->J?-0:A-2R.-3A-
$&A$-G%-3A-:.$
6 There is something wrong with the milking machine, it doesn’t work any more. :R-
.N$?-:U=-(?-3A-:#R<-2?, .J-=-*R/-8A$-L%-:.$

1 Many of the stars can’t be seen because they are too far away. {<-3-3%-2R-8A$-3,R%-3A-,2-
0:A-o-35/-/A-.J-.$-/A-@-&%-o%-,$-<A%-2?-?R,
1a Many Tibetan ancient books can’t be read because they are too incomprehensible.
2R.-GA-$/:-.0J-3%-2R-8A$-@-&%-$R-.!:, o-35/-/A-.J-i3?-GA-.R/-@-&%-92-0:A-KA<-<R,
1b Some of the mountains can’t be climbed because they are too high to climb. <A-2R-=-
=-8A$-@-&%-3,R-S$?-0?-:6K$-.!:,
2 So far no man has travelled further than the moon. .-2<-.-3A-$&A$-G%-^-2:A-1-<R=-.-:P=-

28.-L?-MR%-3J.,
2a So far Tibetan students didn’t take any interest in computers. .-2<-.-2R.-GA-aR2-3-5S-
lA?-:#R<-=-3R-2-*J?-MR%-3J.,
2a So far no human beings have ever visited Mars. .-2<-.-3A:A-<A$?-GA?-{<-3-3A$-.3<-=-:
P=-*R.-L?-MR%-3J.,
187
3 Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by several countries. o=-#2-:$?-
3A?-29R?-Y%-{<-3#:-.LA%?-?-2+%-;R.,
3a Lots of wind-horses have been thrown up into the air during the ritual. (R?-=$?-(R-
$:A-{2?-?-_%-g-3%-2R-8A$-3#:-.LA%?-?-%<,
3b Many schools in Tibetan areas have been repaired. 2R.-#=-IA-aR2-9-3%-2R-8A$-2*<-$?R-
L?,
4 Older people must be spoken to politely. 3A-c/-0<-%J?-0<-.-2lA-2!<-;R.-0:A-|R-/?-2>.-.$R?,
4a Beginning language learners must be talked to slowly and clearly. {.-<A$?-,R$-3<-
aR2-3#/-5R<-%J?-0<-.-.$-&A%-.=-2:A-|R-/?-2>.-.$R?,
4b Tibetan people's living standard should be improved by Tibetans. 2R.-3A:A-:5S-2:A-(-
5.-%J?-0<-.-2R.-3A-<%-$A?-3,R<-:.J$?-?-$+R%-.$R?,
5 Which channel is it on? It's usually found on channel four. .J-1-2f/-2o.-=3-$%-/-$+R%-
$A/-:.$ .J-o/-w/-.-1-2f/-2o.-=3-28A-2:A-!J%-/?-fJ.-,2,
5a Which shop sells good wool cloth? The shop on the corner usually does. 5S%-#%-
$%-$A?-2=-$R?-29%-2R-24S%-28A/-;R.-.3, P-9<-IA-5R%-#%-.J?-o/-.-:5S%-GA/-:.$
5b Which household makes the best Tibetan boots? The household near the village
entrance usually makes the best boots. HA3-5%-$%-$A?-2R.-GA-!R-z3-29%-2R-:.J2?-GA/-:.$-
$3, #J-2:A-3#<-|R:A-*J-:.2?-?-;R.-0:A-HA3-5%-.J?-.?-o/-.-!R-z3-29%-2R-:.J2?-GA/-:.$
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
Passive Voice. $8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-=?-,A<-2+%-$A-.-v-2:A-i3-0-/A,
$8/-.2%-&/-IA-5B$-=?-,A<-2+%-$A-.-v-2:A-i3-0-/A- "Subject+Be(present)+past
participate"!J-"LJ.-0-0R-+BE(;A-.-v-2-)+:.?-0:A-3A%-n%-,";A/,
1a Most of the subjects are taught in Chinese in many schools. aR2-9-3%->R?-?-OA.-$8A-
3%-(J-2-8A$-o-{.-GA?-:OA.-0-<J.,
1b Most of the temple dances are performed by monks. .$R/0:A-:(3-3%->R?-/A-9-2?-:O2-
!R/-LJ.,
1c Barley is grown on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. /?-/A-35S-2R.-3,R-|%-/?-*J?,
188
Unit 20 The world's population
#J-5/-*A->-2, :63-\A%-$A-3A-P%?,
Useful expressions o/-2!R=-5B$-.R<,
1 It goes on, hour after hour. .?-5S.-/?-.?-5S.-2<-o/-3,.-0,
2 The population grows faster and faster. 3A-P%?-:1J=-5.-)J-3IR$?-/?-)J-3IR$?-?-KA/,
3 Standing room only! ?-=$-3,A=-43-8A$
4 At the beginning of this term, I was planning to study very hard, but I couldn't. aR2-
{2?-:.A:A-3$R<-%?-aR2-.R%-=-@<-2lR/-LJ.-lA?-;R.-3R.-:R/-G%-%?-LJ.-3-,2,
5 Hundreds of languages are spoken on the earth nowadays. :63-\A%-!J%-.-v-{.-<A$?-2o-
U$-z$-:(.-GA/-;R.,
6 Education is very important in less / more developed countries. aR2-$?R-/A-.<-o?-:PR-2:A-
/ .<-o?-(J-2:A-o=-#2-.$-=-@-&%-$=-(J,
7 UN (the United Nations) Headquarters is in New York. 3*3-:VJ=-o=-5S$?-GA-,A-H2-2!R.-
:.R3?-0:-/A-*A$-;R<-/-;R.,
8 What's the population of Tibet? 2R.-uR%?-GA-3A-P%?-/A-$-5S.-<J.,
1 The world's population. :63-\A%-$A-3A-P%?,
1a What's the population of Qinghai Province? 35S-}R/-8A%-(J/-IA-3A-P%?-$-5S.-<J.-.3,
1b Chengdu has a large population among the Chinese cities. N%-$R:C-PR%-HJ<-.$-=?-OA/-+-
/-3A-:2R<-3%-0R-;R.,
2 By what year will the world's population reach 6 billion? /3-8A$-$A-=R-=-:63-\A%-$A-3A-

P%?-.%-K<-S$-=-aJ2?-?3,
2a By what year will you be able to speak English fluently? /3-8A$-$A-=R-=-HR.-GA?-.LA/-
{.-,R$?-3J.-.-5-,2-23,
2b By what year will you be married? /3-8A$-$A-=R-=-HR.-<%-$*J/-1A$-o-;A/-/3,
3 Standing room only. ?-=$-3,A=-43-8A$
189
3a The temple’s central hall is full of monks, there is no room for villagers. .$R/-0:A-
:.-#%-/%-9-2?-#J%?-+J-#J-3A-5S<-:.$-?-3A-:.$
3b The big bus was so crowded that there was hardly any standing room for me. ,A-
,R.-_%?-:#R<-(J/-0R-.J:A-/%-:5%-#-2o2-:.$-0?-%-=%?-/?-:.$-?:%-;R.-.!:,
4 So it goes on, hour after hour. .J:A-nJ/-IA?-.J-.?-5S.-/?-.?-5S.-2<-o/-3,.-.$R?-0-L%-,

4a The rite goes on, hour after hour. (R?-5S$?-.J-.?-5S.-:$:-=-o/-2YA%?,
4b The argument between those two families goes on, generation after generation.
HA3-5%-:.A-$*A?-2<-IA-IR.-.R/-3A-<2?-/?-3A-<2?-2<-353?-3-(.,
5 Just think how many more there will be in one year. =R-$&A$-$A-/%-=-(3A-P%?-)$-5S.-:1J=-
2<-2?3-]R-8A$-,R%?-.%-,
5a Would you like to guess how many Tibetans there will be at my Christmas party
this year? HR.-GA?-.-=R:C-%:A-;J->:A-:O%?-{<-IA-!R/-5S$?-!J%-2R.-3A-$-5S.-.-aJ2?-%J?-0<-5S.-.0$-&A$-
L-:.R.-.3,
5b Just think how many more times you could talk to me in a year if you had a
telephone. $=-+J-HR.-=-#-0<-&A$-;R.-5K-HR.-GA?-=R-$&A$-$A-/%-.-%-=-#-2h-,J%?-&A-43-LJ.-,2-0<-
:.%->A$-oR2?-.%-,
6 There will not be enough space for anybody else. 3A-$8/-0-$&A$-:.$-?:A-2<-!R%-G%-;R.-o-

3-<J.,
6a There is not enough space in the shed for the livestock when it rains. (<-:22-0:A-
.?-?-/R<-#%-.-K$?-9R$-(.-0:A-?-3A-:.$
6b There is enough space in this notebook for you to write the rest down. .%-.J2-:.A:A-
!J%-.-HR.-=-z$-3-.$-:VA-?:%-;R.,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1. The Future in the Past Tense. :.?-0:A-.?-3-:R%?-0,
:.?-.?-3-:R%?-0-/A-:.?-9A/-0:A-.?-$-$J-3R-8A$-$A-/%-.-3-:R%?-0:A-L-2-$%-8A$-:L%-2<-:I<-2:3-:L%-o-
;A/-0-!R/-0-8A$-;A/, ,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-0-.%-:S-2<-i3-0-$*A?-GA-|R-/?-35S/-,2-!J, "Would".%-"was
going to"$*A?-?R,
190
1a I didn’t know if / whether my horse would run away. %?-<%-$AA-g-1R-KR$?-$8/-.-:VR-o-
;A/-0->J?-3-L%-,
1b I was not sure whether / if the prayer flag was going to fall down. %?-.<-tR$-?-=-
:IJ=-:PR-3A/-,$-$A?-3-(R.,
1c Villagers never knew that the horse racing would become the festival’s focus. #J-
3A-5%-3?-g-o$?-:P/-#<-.J-.?-(J/-:.A:A-$4S-2R<-:I<-:PR-2-$+/-/?-2?3-3-MR%-,
1d My boyfriend never asked what was going to happen to us after we separated. %: A-
.$:-=R?-%-5S-#-V=-eJ?-&A-8A$-L%-o-;A/-0-$+/-/?-SA?-3-MR%-,
1e She didn’t tell me where she would go. #R-3R?-3R-$%-.-:PR-o-;A/-0-%-=-3-2>.,
1f He didn’t tell me when he was coming. #R?-#R-/3-8A$-=-;R%-o-;A/-0-%-=-3-2>., ,
1g I didn’t know where the tent was. %?-4-$<-.J-$%-.-;R.-0-3->J?,
2 Numbers P%?-!
100 one hundred 2o,
130 one hundred and thirty 2o-.%-?3-&,
1000 one thousand !R%-,
1340 one thousand three hundred and forty !R%-$&A$-?3-2o-28A-2&,
10 000 ten thousand OA-$&A$
20 053 twenty thousand and fifty three *A?-OA-!R%-3J.-2o-3J.-s-2&-%-$?3,
100 000 one hundred thousand (A$-:23,
120 340 one hundred and twenty thousand three hundred and forty (A$-:23-*A?-OA-!R%-
3J.-?3-2o-28A-2&,
1000 000 one million ?-;-$&A$
100 300 000 one hundred million and three hundred thousand .%-K<-$&A$-.%-?3-
:23,
1000 000 000 one billion .%-K<-2&,
10 400 006 000 ten billion four hundred million and six thousand .%-K<-2o-.%-28A-
.%-!R%-S$
100 000 000 000 one hundred billion .%-K<-!R%-,
191
Unit 21 Shopping
#J-5/-*J<-$&A$-0, 5S%-o$-0<-:PR-2,
Useful expressions o/-2!R=-5A$-.R<,
1 What can I do for you? %?-HJ.-=-&A-8A$-212-,2-23,
2 Can I help you? %?-HJ.-=-<R$?-<3-LJ.-(R$-$3,
3 How much do they cost? (How much is it?) .J-.$-$A-<A/-$R%-&A-:S-<J., .J:A-<A/-$R%-&A-:S-<J.,
4 Just a moment, please! &%-43-|$-<R$?,
5 My boots are worn out. %:A-:)<-g-fA%-Z=-.-I<-:.$
6 That Tibetan scholar is busy collecting some well known authors’ works. 2R.-GA-3#?-0-
.J-lR3-0-0R-P$?-&/-:$:A-K$-lR3-2#-0<-VJ=-8A%-3(A?,
7 I’d like a bit of sugar on my rice. %:A-:V?-GA-!J%-=-!-<-&%-43-8A$-;R.-/-:.R.,i
8 It’s important to think about your future. HR.-<%-$A-3-:R%?-0<-2?3-]R-$+R%-o-/A-$=-(J,
9 He looks at the painting in surprise. -#R?-;-35<-2:A-%%-<A-3R-.J<-2v?-:.$
10 My mule fell over a cliff and died last month. ^-}R/-3<-%:A-SJ=-$;%-=-z%-/?->A-?R%-,
11 That shop is selling out its nice robes quickly. 5S%-#%-.J?-2R.-H-29%-2-i3?-M<-2<-24S%?-
28A/-:.$
12 The students in our class are either too big or too small for these shirts. 5B-=J/-:.A-.$-
%-5S-:6B/-9:A-/%-$A-aR2-3-5S<-(J-S$?-0:3-;%-/-(%-S$?-:.$
13 What size do you want? HR.-=-(J-(%-)A-v-2-8A$-.$R?,

1 The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before. 5S%-#%-.J-$9:-:#R<-
:.A:A-}R/-+$-+$-=-0:A-nJ/-IA?-@-&%-$?<-2-<J.,
1a His written Tibetan is extremely good, for he has studied Tibetan at Tibet
University. #R?-2R.-uR%?-aR2-9-(J/-3R-/?-aR2-$*J<-L?-nJ/-#R:A-2R.-;A$-$A-lR3-:VA-l=->A/-+-29%-,
1b This sweater is quite good, for it is made from wool. 2=-H-:.A-@-&%-29%-+J, .J-2=-IA?-
29R?-0:A-KA<,
2 They were either too big or too small. #R-5S-;%-/-(J?-(J-S$?-0:3-;%-/-(%-S$?-:.$
192
2a The students in our class are either too big or too small. %-5R-:6B/-9:A-/%-$A-aR2-3-5S-;%-
/-(J-S$?-0:3-;%-/-(%-S$?-:.$
2b The robes in that shop are either too big or too small; not one is suitable. 1-$A:A-5S%-
#%-$/-/%-$A-H-2-i3?-(J-S$?-0-3A/-/-(%-S$?-:.$-+J-</-0-$&A$-G%-3J.,
3 The two friends were pleased to see each other again. PR$?-0R-$*A?-!-1/-5/-;%-2*<-:U.-
0?-.$:-3R-*J?,
3a The yaks are pleased to go to the spring on hot summer days. 5-2-(J-2:A-.L<-#:A-*A/-
3R<-/R<-$/$-i3?-(-#<-:PR-2<-.$:-3R?-2g?,
3b I was delighted to hear from you. HR.-GA-$+3-,R?-0?-2.$-=-3R-$%-*J?,
4 The suit was so expensive that he couldn’t buy it. $R/-0-(-5%-.J:A-$R%-.!:-S$?-0?-#R?-*R-3-

,2,
4a His works were so difficult that almost no one could understand them. #R:C-$?%-lR3-
i3?-@-&%-$R-.!:-2?-1=-(J<-3A-$&A$-$A?-G%-gR$?-3-L%,
4b The pork was so fat that he couldn’t eat it. 1$->-.J-5R-S$?-0?-#R?-9-3-,2,
5 We were so busy talking that I forgot to pay! %-5S-=2-\J%-=-VJ=-2?-%?-<A/-3R.-o:%-2eJ.-?R%-,

5a My girlfriend was so delighted in meeting me that she kissed me several times.
%:A-PR$?-3R-%-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-S$?-+JJ-3R?-%-=-3(-.R<-,J%?-:$<-L?,
5b I am so busy collecting these folktales that I hardly have any time to relax. %-
.3%?-1%-:.A-.$-:5S=-#.-LJ.-0<-VJ=-2?-zR.-$;J%-LJ.-#R3-43-;%-:R%-.!:,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 The Past Perfect Tense L?-9A/-:.?-2,
.J-;A?-:.?-9A/-0:A-.?-5S.-$%-<%-8A$-$A-/%-.-L-2-8A$-L%-2:A-.?-?-&A$->R?->A$-$8A-/?-L%-9A/-0-!R/-0-;A/,
.0J<-/, #-?%-HR.-;R%-.?-%?-$8A-/?-9-3-9R?-5<-?R%-8J?-0-v-2<-35S/-/-L-2-9?-9R?-0-.J-:.?-0:A-.?-#-?%-#R-
3-;R%-2:A-}R/-.-L?-9A/-0-!R/-0-;A/, :.A-/A-,A<-2+%-$A-%-5S?-L%-9A/-0:A-.R/-.$-$*A?-GA-}-KA-$?=-2<-:LJ.-
{2?-2!R=-.$R?-=, .J?-.R/-.$-.J-$*A?-=?-$%-8A$-,R$-3<-L%-2-.%-$%-8A$-eJ?-?-L%-2-$?=-2R<-!R/-,2,
193
.J:A-P2-!%?-/A "Subject+had+past participate"!J-"LJ.-0-0R+had(have;A-:.?-0-)+:.?-0:A-
3A%-n%-,"
1a I moved to Hong Kong after I had finished middle school. %-aR2-:VA%-/?-3,<-KA/-eJ?-
8%-!%-.-$/?-%<-2-;A/,
1b He remembered that he had chosen a new jacket, but he hadn’t paid for it. #R?-!R.-
H-$?<-2-8A$-2.3?-;R.-0-.%-.J<-<A/-LA/-3J.-0-;A.-=-><,
1c When I returned to my home my guests had already gone. %-KA<-;=-=-,R/-.?-3PR/-0R-
i3?-}<-/?-?R%-:.$
2 So. . . . that &J?-0-/A-o-:V?-!R/-0:A-5B$-;A/-+J, o-$%-8A$-=?-3,:-3:A-:V?-2-&A-v-2-8A$-:L%-2<-!R/-

0-;A/,
2a It was so cold in the mountains that many yaks were frozen / froze to death. m-3$R-
@-&%-:H$?-0?-/R<-$/$-3%-0R-:H$?->A-,J2?,
2b The horse was so fast that no one could recognize who the rider was. g-@-&%-3IR$?-
0?-3A-$&A$-$A?-G%-*-3A-.J-?-;A/-0-%R-3->J?,
2c They scolded her so badly that she nearly cried. #R-5S?-#R-3R<-$>J-$>J-2+%-S$?-0?-#R-3R<-
1=-(J<-%-{.->R<,

194
Unit 22 At the doctor's
#J-5/-*J<-$*A?-0, (/-0:A-$3-.,
Useful expressions o/-2!R=-5B$-.R<,
1 I don't feel very well. %:C-=?-1%-2.J-2R-3A-:.$
2 I have got a headache and a cough. %:A-3$R-/-8A%-(3-0-1R$-:.$
3 There's something wrong with the radio. 1-#.-:#R<-=R-.J<-*R/-L%-:.$
4 It's nothing serious. .J<-*R/-(J/-0R-&A-;%-3A-:.$

HR.-<%-&%-3A-:$R<-2<-?%?-S$?-?-:PR-%J?,
5 You'll be all right / well soon.
6 Take this medicine twice a day. (/-:.A-*A/-$&A$-=-,J%?-$*A?-2!J/,
1 You'd better stay in bed till tomorrow. <2-;A/-/-HR.-<%-?%-*A/-2<-.-*=-.$R?,
1a You'd better drive the animals to the spring in winter. <2-;A/-/-HR.-GA?-.$/-#<-K$?-
9R$-(-#<-1.,
1b You'd better shear the sheep twice a year. <2-;A/-/-HR.-GA?-=R-$&A$-=-=$-2=-,J%?-$*A?-=-
:VJ$-.$R?,
2 Perhaps she's caught a cold. #R-3R<-1=-(J<-(3-/.-L%-:.$

2a Perhaps I've got a serious fever. %-=-1=-(J<-5-2-(J/-0R-8A$-o$-$A/-:.$
2b Perhaps this machine has got a problem. :U=-(?-:.A-=-1=-(J<-*R/-L%-:.$
3 You'd better not go to school. <2-;A/-/-HR.-aR2-9<-3-:PR

3a You'd better not leave the yaks alone in the mountains in the winter. <2-;A/-/-.$/-
#<-/R<-/$-$&A$-0-<A-/?-3-2*<,
3b You'd better not miss the rite. <2-;A/-/-HR.-<%-(R?-5S$?-:.A<-(.-.-3-:)$
4 Have you taken his temperature? HR.-GA?-#R:C-=?-SR.-AJ-:)=,

4a Taking one's temperature is something that the nurses usually do. $8/-IA-=?-SR.-
:)=-o-/A-/.-$;R$-$A?-/3-o/-.-=?-.$R?-0:A-L-2-&A$-<J.,
195
4b I would like to take my temperature when I have a cold. %-<%-SR?-:H$?-L%-2:A-.?-?-
5-P%-:)=-2<-.$:,
5 His temperature seems to be all right. #R:A-=?-SR.-=-*R/-&A-;%-3J.-0-:S,
5a He seems to be satisfied with his success in his studies. #R-2R-<%-$A-aR2-.R%-$A-o=-#:A-
:V?-2<-;A.-5B3?-:.$-0-:S,
5b The old woman in the picture seems to be my grandmother. :S-0<-:.A:A-/%-$A-c/-3R-
:.A-%:A-kR-2R-.%-:S-2R-:.$
6 How long has he been like this? #R-:.A-v<-*A/-&A-43-:$R<-?R%-,
6a He has been in poor health like this for two weeks. #R:C-=?-1%-:.A-v<-<A.-0R:C-%%-$9:-
:#R<-$*A?-:$R<-?R%-,
6b I have been to America several times. %-<%-A-<A<-,J%?-:$<-?R%-MR%-,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1 The Present Perfect Tense. L?-9A/-.-v-2,
The students have finished my L?-9A/-.-v-0?-L-2-$%-8A$-.-v:A-.?-5S.-2<-.-L%-2:3-
homework.
aR2-3-5S?-%:A-=?-L-VA?-5<-?R%-, $/?-0-!R/-0-;A/,
She hasn't eaten lunch.
#R-3R?-$%-9?-3-9R?,
She has been to Tibet several times. .-v-2-:.?-9A/-0?-}R/-/?-.-2<-.-L-2-8A$-2*<-^R?-L?-
#R-3R-2R.-uR%?-?-,J%?-:$<-?R%-MR%-,
0:3-,J%?-:$<-L%-2-35S/,
I have eaten at that restaurant only
one time.
%?-9-#%-$/-/?-,J%?-$&A$-=-9?-9R?-MR%-,
I have lived in this city since 1989. .-v-2-:.?-9A/-0:A-{2?-?-"for since"$*A?-2!R=-{2?-
,A-=R-1989=R-/?-29%-%-<%-PR%-HJ<-:.A-/?-
.J-/A-L-2-.J-:.?-0:A-.?-5S.-$-$J-3R-8A$-/?-.-2<-.-o/-
:5S-#R.-L?,
2YA%?-;R.-0-!R/,
I have studied music for one year.
%?-<R=-3R-=R-$&A$-=-.%?-2-;A/,
196
2 How to use since and for. "Since".%"for"-$*A?-GA-2!R=-!%?, "Since"/A-L-2-$%-8A$-:.?-
9A/-0:A-LJ-V$-$A-.?->A$-/?-(=R-$%-8A$-/?-.%-^-2-$%-8A$ *A/-$%-8A$-.%-.?-5S.-$%-8A$-/?-)3$R-2l3?-+J-.-
v:A-2<-o/-2YA%?-LJ.-0-35S/-0-;A/, .J-.-v-2-LJ.-9A/-0-.%-3*3-.-.R<-2-=?-LJ.-28A/-0:A-.-v-2-.%-,A<-2+%-
$A-.-v-2, ,A<-2+%-$A-:.?-0-.%-3*3-.-.R<-3A-<%-, .0J<-/-$>3-$?=-v<,
2a I have lived in America since 1983. 1983=R-/?-29%-%-A-<A-/?-:5S-#R.-L?-0-;A/,
2b He has learned music since June. #R?-^-S$-0-/?-29%-<R=-3R-.%?,
"For"/A-L-2-$%-8A$-212?-0:A-.?-5S.-GA-<A%-,%-!R/-0-;A/-+J, .J:A-eJ?-?-/3-;A/-<%-({<-3-$*A?-.%-(-5S.-
$?3, ^-28A, =R-$*A?)L-2-$%-8A$-o/-3,.-L?-0:A-.?-5S.-.R<-.$R?-0-;A/, .0J<-2eR.,
2c I have been here for ten minutes. %-:.A<-,R/-/?-{<-2&-:$R<-?R%-,
2d I have lived here for two years. %-:.A-/?-=R-$*A?-GA-<A%-=-2#.,
3 Using the Simple Past versus the Present Perfect. ,A<-2+%-.-v-2-.%-L?-9A/-.-v-2-$*A?-GA-

$>A2-2#<,
3a I was in Japan ten years ago / in 1990 / when I was a child. %-<%-=R-2&:A-;<-}R/ /
1990=R< / %-<%-LA?-0-;A/-.?-?-:)<-0/-/-;R.,
3b I have been in Japan several times / one time. %-<%-:)<-0/-=-,J%?-:$<- / ,J%?-$&A$-=-?R%-MR%-,
,A<-2+%-:.?-0?-}R/-IA-.?-5S.-%J?-&/-8A$-$A-!J%-L%-2:A-L-2-.J-!R/-0-;A/-=, L?-9A/-.-v-2?-}R/-IA-.?-5S.-
$%-<%-8A$-$A-/%-L%-2:A-L-2-!R/-0-=?-.?-5S.-=-%J?-$+/-3J.,
4 The Infinitive. %J?-3J.-L-5B$-i3-0-%J?-3J.-GA-L-5B$-/A-/3-;%-L-5B$-8A$-$A-l-2:A-i3-0-.J-"-to".%-3*3-

.-.<-;R.-0-8A$-=-9J<-+J, .J:A-i3-0-/A"to + L-5B$-$A-l-2:A-i3-0-"v<-;A/, .J:A-eJ?-?-"-es".%-"-ed, -
ing"?R$?-.R<-3A-<%-,
4a He didn’t know whom to ask / what to do. #R?-?-=-:SA-.$R?-0 / &A-8A$-LJ.-.$R?-0-3->J?,
4b She doesn’t know where to go / how to get to your tent. 3R?-$%-=-:PR-.$R?-0 / HR.-GA-4-
$<-;R.-?<-)A-v<-;R%-.$R?-0-3->J?,
4c I have something to give you. %-HR.-=-!J<-o-8A$-;R.,
4d A: Do you want anything to drink? HR.-=-:,%-o-:S-AJ-.$R?,
B: Yes, some tea, please! .$R?-=$?, )-*%-%-$/%-2<-8,
197
Unit 23 The football match
#J-5/-*J<-$?3-0, b%-lJ.-%R-=R:A-:P/-2#<,

1 Did you have a good journey? HR.-=-;=-{R<-*A.-0R-8A$-AJ-L%-,
2 Play as well as you can. HR.-<%-$-43-lJ.-,2-/-.J-43-lJ.,
3 Keep on chanting. 3-3,.-.-$?R=-2-,R2?,
4 I feel afraid of forests and mountains when the nights are dark and stormy. ($-/$-=-
_%-:52-(J-2:A-35/-3R<-%-/$?-5=-.%-<A-2R<-0$-$%-*J?,
5 Please come to class on time. aR2-OA.-=-.?-v<->R$
6 Who is on the team? <-#$-/%-.-?-;R.,

1 It’s a long time since we met last! %-5S-,J%?-}R/-3<-:U.-0-/?-29%-;/-<A%-:$R<,
1a It has been a long time since they built this temple. #R-5S?-z-#%-:.A-28J%?-/?-=R-3%-2R-
:.?,
1b A long time has passed since their divorce. #R-5S:A-$*J/-,R</?-;/-<A%-:$R<,
2 You are just in time for the football match. HR.-<%-b%-lJ.-%R-=R-:P/-#<-=-+$-+$-.?-,R$-.-

aJ2?,
2a Being on time is something that the students should do. .?-,R$-+-:LR<-o-/A-aR2-3-5R?-
12-.$R?-0-8A$-<J.,
2b You are just in time to have some hot mutton! HR.-<%-.?-,R$-+-=$->-SR/-3R-9-2<-,R/,
3 The team has already been chosen. <-#$-.J-}<-/?-2.3?-9A/,

3a Roads have already been made into remote areas. <A-PR%-.-}<-/?-=3-=?-9A/,
3b A Tibetan style house has been built in this city. PR%-HJ<-:.A-/?-2R.-=$?-GA-#%-2-8A$-
:6$?-0/-L?,
198
4 Either Weihua or Ann may be on the team. 2J?-.0:-:3-;%-/-A/-/A-<-#$-/%-.-;R.,
4a We have to get there either tonight or tomorrow. %-5S-.J<-.R-.$R%-%3-;%-/-?%-*A/-%J?-
0<-.-:LR<-.$R?,
4b It’s necessary to study one foreign language or computer science. KA-o=-IA-;A$-
<A$?-$&A$-$3-;%-/-lA?-:#R<-<A$-0-.%-o-/A-.$R?-%J?-<J.,
5 We were playing against No. 64 Middle School. %-5S-aR2-:VA%-A%-S$-&-<J-28A-2-.%-:P/-

2#<-LJ.-28A/-;R.,
5a Doing something against your patients’ wishes is not good. HR.-GA-1-3:A-<J-:.R.-.%-3A-
3,/-0:A-L-2-12-0-/A-29%-0R-3-<J.,
5b The huge waves are beating violently against the shore. (-_2?-(J/-0R?-35R-:P3-=-S$-
+-hJ2?-28A/-:.$
6 It was a draw when we played last time. ,J%?-}R/-3<-%-5S-: P/- 2#<- LJ.- .?- /A-o=- 13- ,$- $A?- 3-
(R.,
6a The two archery teams competed all afternoon but at dusk it was still a draw. 3.: -
0-5S?-KA-SR:A-.?-5S.-ZA=-2R<-:P/-#<-L?-3R.-:R/-G%-?-YR.-GA-.?-?-}<-28A/-o=-13-,$-$A?-3-(R.,
6b They played two games of chess and both were draws. #R-5S-,J%?-$*A?-=-3A$-3%?-lJ.-
3R.-$*A?-!-:S-3*3-<J.,
7 By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals and we had kicked four. :P/-
2#<-IA-3)$-=-aJ2?-.?-#R-5S?-r%-=A-$*A?-/%-.-:1%?-;R.-=?-%-5S?-28A-:1%?-;R.,
7a By the end of last year, we had selected a new village head. /-/A%-=R-3)$-+-aJ2?-.?-%-
5S?-#J-.0R/-$?<-2-8A$-2.3?-9A/,
7b By the end of this term, we will make good progress in our English study. aR2-
{2?-:.A:A-3)$-+-%-5S:C-.LA/-;A$-$A-aR2-.R%-=-$R%-:1J=-29%-2R-8A$-,R2-%J?,
8 We did as he told us and won the first place in the league. %-5S?-#R?-2>.-0-28A/-2IA?-0?-
:P/-5S$?-=?-o=-#-A%-.%-2R-,R2,
8a We danced as she taught and got a gold medal in the competition. %-5S?-#R-3R?-OA.-0-
28A/-:O2-0?-:P/-2#<-=?-$?J<-IA-g$?-3-]%?,
199
8b If you do as old people say, you may succeed. c/-0R:C-#-=-*/-/-HR.-=-o=-#-,R2-%J?,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
The Past Perfect Tense. L?-9A/-0:A-:.?-0,
L?-9A/-:.?-0-$R%-.-2a2?-9A/-0?-:.A<-8A2-+-3?-0<-3A-L-+J, $>3-IA-.0J<-2eR.-.$-=?->J?-0<-L:R,
The foreigner said he had never seen such beautiful scenery. KA-o=-0-.J-;A?-#R?-36K?-
#$-w/0:A-;=-uR%?-.J-:S-$+/-/?-3,R%-3-MR%-9J<,
By the end of last year, they had sold more than three thousand yaks. /-/A%-=R-3)$-= -
#R-5S?-$;$-!R%-$?3-z$-24S%?-9A/,
200
$4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-,

1 My hometown is located at the foot of that snowy mountain. %:A-1-;=-/A-1-$A:A-$%?-<A:A-
:.2?-/-($?-;R.,
2 That tall mountain peak is always covered with mist. <A-3,R/-0R:C-lJ-3R-/3-o/-.-($-0?-29%-
;R.,
3 I am really interested in learning traditional music. %-<%-YR=-o/-<R=-3R-.%?-0<-@-&%-3R-2-
*J?,
4 He enjoys reading novels. #R-1%-$+3-[R$-0<-.$:,
5 Herdsmen spend most of the time on taking care of the livestock. :VR$-0?-.?-5S.-3%-
>R?-K$?-9R$-:5S-*R%-LJ.-0<-2!R=-GA/-;R.,
6 It takes a long time to draw a painting well. <A-3R-29%-2R-8A$-:VA-2<-.?-5S.-3%-0R-8A$-.$R?,
7 None of the villagers can speak Chinese. #J-3A-5S:A-/%-$A-$&A$-$A?-G%-o-{.-2>.-3A->J?,
8 There are hardly any Tibetans who can speak three languages. {.-<A$?-$?3-:(.->J?-
0:A-2R.-3A-@-&%-*%-,
1 How often do you write? HR.-GA?-.?-o/-.-;A-$J-:VA:3,
1a How often do you wear your Tibetan robe? HR.-GA?-.?-o/-.-2R.-H-IR/-/3,
1b How often do you go on dates with your girlfriend? HR.-GA?-.?-o/-.-HR.-GA-.$:-3-.%-
.?-2+2-0-;A/-/3,
2 Though I like writing to my pen friend, it takes a lot of time. %-<%-%:A-/$-PR$?-=-;A-$J-:VA-

o<-.$:-3R., :R/-G%-.J<-.?-5S.-3%-0R-8A$-.$R?,
2a Most Tibetans like eating fat meat, though it's not very healthy. =?-0R-2.J-,%-=-3A-1/-
/:%-2R.-3A-3%->R?->-5S/-0R-9-o<-.$:,
201
2b Though his horse was the best, he didn’t win the race. #R:A-g-(J?-3(R$-+-I<-2-;A/-/-;%-
:P/-2#<-=?-o=-#-3-,R2,
3 From Sydney we flew over a line of mountains in the southeast. $?J<-w/-$/?-/?-29%-

%-5S-><-zR:A-<A-o.-8A$-$A-1-<R=-=-:1<,
3a After you have passed over a huge line of mountains, you'll come to a lovely
lake. HR.-<%-<A-o.-(J/-0R-8A$-$A-1-<R=-2c=-eJ?-HR.-;A.-.-:R%-2:A-35J:-8A$-=-:U.-%J?,
3b That big statue is over three hundred years old. :)A3-2f/-(J/-0R-.J-=-=R-?3-2o-z$-$A-=R-
o?-w/,
4 But after we left the mountains behind us, there was hardly a cloud in the sky. %-5S?-<A-
2R-.J-o2-/?-2*<-eJ?-$/3-/-3A/-0-&%-43-;%-3J.,
4a He could hardly say anything when he heard the bad news. #R?-$+3-%/-.J-$R-eJ?-{.-(-
&A-;%-2>.-3-,2,
4b After the snowstorm there were hardly any sheep left behind. $%?-*R/-.J:A-eJ?-.J-$<-
=$-$&A$-G%-=?-3-?R%-,
5 Lower down, at the foot of the Ayers Rock, most of the ground is covered with forest
and grass. A.-;J<-?:A-V$-$A-:.2?-<R=-GA-?-3%->R?-/A-/$?-5=-.%-.%-C?-$;R$?-:.$
5a Lower down, at the foot of the snow mountain, the land is covered with white
sheep and black yaks. $%?-<A:A-:.2?-/A-$;%-.!<-=$-.%-/R<-$/$-$A?-?-$8A-2!%-:.$
5b His hands are covered with blood every time he butchers a sheep. #R?-=$-2>:-,J%?-
<J<-#R:C-=$-9%-O$-$A?-&$?-:.$
6 I must stop writing now, as I have rather a lot of work to do. 2.$-=-L-2-3%-2R-212-o-;R.-
0?-2.$-$A?-%J?-0<-.-:.A-/?-:VA-353?-:)R$-.$R?,
6a I must go home now, as my mother is waiting for me. %:A-A-3?-%-=-|$-2#.-;R.-0?-%-
%J?-0<-.-;=-=-=R$-.$R?,
6b You must stop talking now, as I’m bored listening to you. HR.-GA?-%J?-0<-.-2>.-
353?-:)R$-.$R?-+J-%-<%-*/-/?-?/-$%-*J?-:.$
202
7 You can see from my photograph that I have a big smile and long hair. HR.-GA?-%:A-:S-
0<-=?-3.%?-IA?-#J%?-0:A-%:A-:63-.%-0-<A%-2R-.J-3,R%-,2,
7a I can tell from this essay that this author's writing is rather good. lR3-;A$-:.A-*A.-=?-
%?-lR3-0-0R-:.A:A-lR3-l=-@-&%-29%-8J?-2>.-,2,
7b You can see from this goat’s long horns that it is quite old. HR.-GA?-<-3-:.A:A-G-&R-<A%-2R-
=?-<-3-:.A-@-&%-c?-0->J?-,2,
Grammar 2h-3R.-.!:-$/.,
1. Using "though." || Though;A-2!R=-!%?,
"Though"8J?-0-/A-3A-3,/-0:A-5B$-o/-G%-:%-;%-$?3-.%-.R/-1=-(J<-:S-!J-$>3-$?=-v<,
1a He failed the exam though he had studied very hard. #R?-aR2-.RR%-=-:2.-0-L?-G%-o$?-
3-:UR.,
1b Though my family is neither too rich nor too poor, it is a happy family. %:A-HA3-K$-
0R-;%-3A/-=-3J.-0R-;%-3A/-<%-.J-/A-HA3-5%-*A.-0R-8A$-<%-;A/,
2. Using "either. . . or. . ." || Either. . . or. . .GA-2!R=-!%?,

Either ….or8J?-0-/A-.J-(R$-=-:.A-;%-(R$-&J?-0:A-.R/-.%-1=-(J<-:S-!J-.J?-.R-3*3-0:A-.%R?-0R-$*A?-=?-
$%-<%-8A$-:.J3?-(R$-0<-35S/-0-;A/-0-$>3-IA-.0J<-2eR.-=?-$?=,
2a You can give either the yellow or the white scarf to the lama. HR.-GA?-]-3-:.A<-#-
2+$?-?J<-0R-:2=-(R$-=-.!<-2R-;%-:2=-(R$
2b You may use either your left hand or your right hand. HR.-GA?-=$-0-$;R/-0-2!R=-(R$-
=-$;?-0-;%-2!R=-(R$
3. Using "neither. . . nor. . ." || Neither. . . nor. . . ";A-2!R=-!%?,

Neither…nor&J?-0-/A-.$$-1-;A/-+J-.R/-/A-.J-3A/-=-:.A-;%-3A/-8J?-0-.%-35%?-0?-.J?-3*3-.-;R.-
0:A-.%R?-0R-$*A?-=?-$%-;%-3A-<%-2-!R/-0-;A/, .0J<-2eR.-/A-$>3-v<,
3a Neither smoking nor drinking is allowed in this school. aR2-9-:.A:A-/%-.-2-:,J/-0:3-
(%-:,%-2-$&A$-G%-LJ.-3A-(R$
3b They have neither warm clothes to put on nor enough food to eat. #R-5S<-H-SR/-3R-IR/-
o-3J.-=-9?-:.%-3R-9-o:%-3J.,
203

English For Tibetan

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English For Tibetan

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Key to Junior English

Names of Places ?-(:A-3A%-, <10>

Tibetan Translation of Grammar Terms 2h-3R.-<A$-0:A-,-~.->/-.<, <11>

Students' Book 1A .J2-.%-0:A-!R.-(, <12>

Unit 1 Hello! What’s your name? #J-5/-.%-0R, 6-;J, HJ.-GA-3A%-=-&A-9J<, <13>

Unit 2 Nice to meet you! #J-5/-$*A?-0, HR.-.%-:U.-0?-.$:-0R-L%-, <15>

Unit 4 Numbers in English #J-5/-28A-2, .LA/-;A$-$A-P%?-! <20>

Unit 5 What's this in English? #J-5/-s-2, :.A-=-.LA/-;A$-$A?-&A-9J<, <24>

Unit 6 How old is he? #J-5/-S$-0, #R-<%-=R-.-<J., <27>

Unit 8 Mainly revision #J-5/2o.-0, $4S-$/.-=-2*<-.R%-, <34>

Unit 10 Where is it? #J-5/-2&-2, .J-$%-.-;R., <40>

Unit 11 Come and meet the family! #J-5/-2&-$&A$-0, HA3-3A-5S-.%-3)=-2<-:R%-2, <42>

Unit 12 What can you see? #J-5/-2&-$*A?-2, HJ.-GA?-&A-8A$-3,R%-,2, <45>

Unit 13 What colour is it? #J-5/-2&-$?3-0, .J:A-#-.R$-&A-8A$-<J., <47>

Unit 14 That's mine #J-5/-2&-28A-2, .J-%:A-<J., <49>

Unit 16 Mainly revision #J-5/-2&-S$-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <52>

Unit 17 Could you help me, please? #J-5/-2./-0, HJ.-GA?-%-=-<R$?-LJ.-,2-23, <55>

Unit 18 Look after your things! #J-5/-2&R-2o.-0, <%-$A-.%R?-0R-=-2.$-$*J<-LR?, <57>

Unit 19 Food and drink #J-5/-2&-.$-2, 29:-2+%-, <59>

Unit 20 Playing games #J-5/-*A->-0, lJ.-3R-lJ.-0, <60>

Unit 21 What are you doing? #J-4/-*J<-$*A?-0, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-GA/-;R., <63>

Unit 22 Let's go to school today! #J-5/-*J<-$?3-0, .J-<A%-aR2-9<-:PR <65>

Unit 23 Where are you from? #J-5/-*J<-28A-0, HR.-$%-$A-;A/, <67>

Unit 24 What do you like? #J-5/-*J<-s-0, HR.-&A-8A$-=-.$:-2-;A/, <68>

Unit 25 People and work #J-5/-*J<-S$ 3A-.%-L-2, <71>

Unit 26 What time do you get up? #J-5/-*J<-2./-0, HR.-<%-(-5S.-.-;A-!J%-3=-=?-=%?-0-;A/,

Students' Book 2A .J2-$*A?-0:A-!R.-(, <77>

Unit 1 Welcome back! #J-5/-.%-0R, KA<-=-=R$-0<-.$:-2?-8, <78>

Unit 2 How you get to school #J-5/-$*A?-0, HR.-<%-aR2-9<-)A-v<-;R%-2-;A/, <81>

Unit 3 Mid-Autumn Day #J-5/-$?3-0, 2o.-0:A-2&R-s, <83>

Unit 4 We're going to work on a farm #J-5/-28A-2, %-5S-8A%-G<-=?-!-LJ.-.-:PR-o-;A/, <85>

Unit 5 Working hard on the farm #J-5/-s-2, 8A%-G<-=?-!-@<-,$-$A?-=?-0, <86>

Unit 6 Shall we go to the park? #J-5/-S$-0, %-5S-,A-\A%-.-:PR-o-;A/-/3, <88>

Unit 7 Mainly revision #J-5/-2./-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <90>

Unit 8 Where do you sit? #J-5/-2o.-0, HR.-$%-.-2#.-;R., <92>

Unit 9 Find the right place #J-5/-.$-2, #R.-$/?-%R-3-24=-2, <94>

Unit 10 Home and Work #J-5/-2&-2, HA3-.%-L-2, <96>

Unit 11 Keep healthy #J-5/-2&-$&A$-0, =?-1%-2.J-,%-=-o/-:HR%?-LJ.-0, <98>

Unit 13 Where were you born? #J-5/-2&-$?3-0, HR.-$%-/?-*J?-0-;A/, <100>

Unit 14 Mainly revision #J-5/-2&-28A-2, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <102>

Unit 15 Thanks for the message #J-5/-.%-0R, #-=/-LA/-0<-2!:-SA/-(J, <104>

Unit 19 A weather report #J-5/-2&-.$-0, $/3-$>A?-}R/-2h, <115>

Unit 20 What do English people eat? #J-5/-*A->-0, .LA/-)A-2?-&A-8A$-29:-2-<J., <118>

Unit 21 Mainly revision #J-5/-*J<-$&A$-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <120>

Unit 22 What a good, kind girl #J-5/-*J<-$*A?-0, &A-:S:A-2-3R-L3?-=-29%-2-8A$ <122>

Unit 23 You mustn't play on the road #J-5/-*J<-$?3-0, HR.-<%-=3-/%-.-lJ.-3A-<%-, <124>

Unit 24 What do you have to do? #J-5/-*J<-28A-0, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-.$R?, <126>

Unit 25 The visit to Monkey Island #J-5/-*J<-s, 3J:-\A%-U/-=-2v-{R<-.-KA/-0, <128>

Unit 26 A good doctor #J-5/-*J<-S$ (/-0-29%-0R-8A$ <130>

Unit 27 Ling Feng's diary #J-5/-*J<-2.-0, =J/-nA/-IA- *A/-,R, <132>

Unit 28 Mainly revision #J-5/-*J<-2o., $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <134>

Students' Book 3 .J2-$?3-0, <136>

Unit 1 Teacher's Day #J-5/-.%-0R, .$J-c/-IA-.?-(J/, <137>

Unit 2 The sports meeting #J-5/-$*A?-0, =?-l=-:P/-5S$?, <141>

Unit 3 A good teacher #J-5/-$?3-0, .$J-c/-29%-0R-8A$, <145>

Unit 4 What were they doing? #J-5/-28A-2, #R-5S?-&A-LJ.-28A/-;R., <148>

Unit 6 In the library #J-5/-S$-0, .0J-36S.-#%-$A-/%-., <152>

Unit 7 Mainly revision #J-5/-2./-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <155>

Unit 8 On the farm #J-5/-2o.-0, 8A%-G:A-/%-., <156>

Unit 9 A visit to a factory #J-5/-.$-2, 29R-9-8A$-$A-/%-=-v-{R<-.-?R%-2, <158>

Unit 10 Mr. Green's problem #J-5/-2&-2, {-82?-$-<J/-=$?-GA-$/.-.R/, <160>

Unit 11 A great inventor #J-5/-2&-$&A$ $?<-$+R.-0-P$?-(J/-8A$ <163>

Unit 14 Mainly revision #J-5/-2&-28A-0, $4S-$/.-2*<-.R%-, <172>

Unit 21 What are you doing? #J-4/-J<-$A?-0, HR.-GA?-&A-8A$-LJ.-GA/-;R., <63>

Unit 21 Mainly revision #J-5/-J<-$&A$-0, $4S-$/.-2<-.R%-, <120>

Unit 22 What a good, kind girl #J-5/-J<-$A?-0, &A-:S:A-2-3R-L3?-=-29%-2-8A$ <122>

Unit 27 Ling Feng's diary #J-5/-J<-2.-0, =J/-nA/-IA- A/-,R, <132>

Unit 28 Mainly revision #J-5/-J<-2o., $4S-$/.-2<-.R%-, <134>

Unit 22 At the doctor's #J-5/-J<-$A?-0, (/-0:A-$3-., <195>