DIVISION OF PASIG CITY

BUTING SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A. Santos St., Barangay Buting, Pasig City
NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT
Academic Year 2018-2019

C.I.C.A.D (COMPANION IN CASE OF ANY DISASTER) A PROPOSED

MODIFIED FIRE ALARM SYSTEM WITH THE PROXIMITY SENSOR

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of Natural Sciences Department and

the Academic Council of Buting Senior High School in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for Practical Research 1 (Qualitative Research)

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

ESPIRITU, IVERSON
LLANES, NIEL FRANCO
SARBODA, MARKGEROME
GAERLAN, ELIZA JOY
PARACALE, ASHLEY NICOLE
12 STEM-D
August 2019
 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Most of the commercial establishment and private institution nowadays

have fire alarm system. But some of it are being misused. Like in some schools,

some of the students are making fun of it. So that it triggers us to make our

research that is entitled "CICAD (companion In Any Case of Any Disaster) A

Proposed Modified Fire Alarm Warning System with the Proximity Fire Sensor".

We propose this research to find a unique way to modify the commercial fire alarm

to avoid most often problems encountered. The reason why we choose this

research is to promote a better and more durable type of fire alarm system that

can help every people with less worries than the other defective fire alarm system.

The research design of our study is experimental research because we are going

to make a modified fire alarm system.

The fire alarms that are installed in many homes and businesses today are

very complex. They incorporate a series of sensors and the latest technology to

detect fires quickly, and in many cases, they are designed to alert the authorities

right away about the presence of a fire. They can save lives, reduce property

damage, and give you the peace of mind that comes along with knowing that you

have a fire alarm installed in your home or business. However, it wasn’t always

this way, as fire alarms have evolved greatly since they were first introduced to the
public. The first fire alarm system ever was invented way back in 1852 by Dr.

William F. Channing and Moses Farmer. The system consisted of two fire alarm

boxes that each had a telegraphic key and a handle. If a fire was detected in a

home or business, someone would have to reach inside one of the boxes and

crank the handle in order to send an alert about the fire to a nearby alarm station.

An operator at the station would then take the message and alert a fire department

about it so that they could send help. As you can see, it was quite a process and

required several steps.

According to Craig Schroll (2007) fire alarm systems are designed to

discover fires early in their development when time will still be available for the safe

evacuation of occupants. Early detection also plays a significant role in protecting

the safety of emergency response personnel. Property loss can be reduced and

downtime for the operation minimized through early detection because control

efforts are started while the fire is still small. Most alarm systems provide

information to emergency responders on the location of the fire, speeding the

process of fire control. The first electric fire alarm system was invented almost four

decades later in 1890 by Francis Robbins Upton. He recognized that, in most

cases, people wouldn’t have time to stand around and crank a handle inside of a

box when a fire started. Therefore, his electric system eliminated the need for this

step. Surprisingly, the design for his system wasn’t all that popular when it was first

introduced, but over time, people started to realize the need for a more advanced

fire alarm system like this one.

There are two types of initiating devices:

 Manual initiating devices – break glass station, buttons, pull stations

and the like are all considered manual initiating devices. They should

be located near the exits of your building and should be easily

accessible, identified and operated.

 Automatic initiating devices – there is a pretty wide variety of

automatic initiating devices out there, including heat detectors,

smoke detectors, flame detectors, CO detectors, water flow

detectors, etc. These will all sense changes in the environment and

react automatically in the event of an emergency. New innovations

in automatic initiating devices use cameras and computer algorithms

to analyze visible effects of fire and movement in ways that other

detection devices can’t.

Another example of how fire alarm system was modified and become

dynamic in terms of its design and characteristics was the FIERA system. It is a

computer model for evaluating fire protection systems in industrial buildings. The

model has been developed as a tool to assist fire protection engineers, building

officials, fire service personnel and researchers in performing fire safety

engineering calculations, and can be used to conduct hazard and risk analyses,

as well as to evaluate whether a selected design satisfies established fire safety

objectives. While the model is primarily designed for use in warehouses and

aircraft hangars, it can be modified for application to other industrial buildings. This
paper describes the framework for FIERA system, along with its capabilities and

flexibility. Individual models used to perform calculations are discussed,

particularly those that calculate fire development and life hazard. A hazard analysis

of an aircraft hangar is then described in detail, as an example of the types of

calculations this model can perform. Methods used by the model to conduct risk

assessments are also briefly described. (Hadjisophocleous, Kashef, Benichou,

2002)

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

Theories that would be presented in this research will help to elaborate and

emphasize the different literatures such as articles, past research, and studies that

will serve as supporting evidences for the certain terms that will show it our

research. These theories will help the researchers to improve their studies upon

modifying commercial fire alarm system:

According to the improving construction requirements of emergency refuge

system in underground coal mine, key issues to be solved in construction of

emergency refuge system were listed as follows, safety investment deficiency, lack

of legislative guarantee, imperfect evaluation system, unreasonable system

structure design, education and training lag. Emergency refuge theory and practice

of underground coal mine in mining developed countries were studied by

comparison and Induction methods and the results show that good safety refuge

system can effectively reduce casualty caused by mine disasters. Methods of

building emergency refuge system in underground coal mine were proposed, that

were, establish coal enterprises and government and banks trinity of financing
model, improve and regulate the cost of accident, sound disaster evaluation index,

build emergency rescue system based on refuge facilities, design on the whole

system structure. Based on accident causal chain theory, emergency

management theory and ideas of modern occupational safety and health

management system, financing model of safety investment, emergency rescue

model based on refuge facilities and structure of emergency refuge system in

underground coal mine were designed, which would provide theoretical basis and

mode guidance for improving construction of emergency refuge system in

underground coal mine (Zhong, Li, Wu 2011).

The professional service technician, who selects, installs, maintains,

recharges and otherwise performs service work on portable fire extinguishers, pre-

engineered and engineered fire suppression systems should have a basic

knowledge of fire chemistry, theory of extinguishment, classification of fires and

properties of different fuels. This base knowledge will allow the professional

technician to better understand the fire hazards that they may encounter, how

various fire extinguishing agents, in theory, suppress fire and therefore have a

better understanding of the equipment that they are entrusted to install and

maintain (Voelkert, (2015).

A disaster is “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a

society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses

and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope

using its own resources”. Although the categories and causes of disasters may
differ, their impacts are common; therefore, a disaster plan should address disaster

impacts. Disaster preparedness is defined as actions that ensure resources

necessary to carry out an effective response are available before a disaster, or

they can be obtained promptly when needed. Disaster preparedness are

preparations and adjustments such as storing food and water, preparing a

household emergency plan, preparing an emergency kit, and other activities that

reduce risk or injury and damage. Actually, disaster preparedness is a health

protective behavior, so the behavioral approaches have taken center stage as a

means of it. Even though hundreds of thousands of lives were affected without

warning by disasters yearly, most people do not concern themselves by preparing

until disaster strikes. Therefore, it has become obvious that a more broad-based

effort of behavioral change is required. Effective interventions to promote disaster

preparedness require a thorough understanding of the factors that influence

performance or nonperformance of disaster preparedness behaviors (DPB)

(Najafi, Akbari, Ardalan, Noorbala 2017)

SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS

The use of modified fire alarm system and its importance specifically in

public places will first answer the question "What" with regards to the topic of our

research study. The reason of this topic is the curiosity coming from the

researchers, we all know that the basic use of a fire alarm is to notify the occupants

for them to take an action. We wanted to explore and enhance the use of modified

fire alarm system. Our research will focus on places where our modified system

will be useful such as schools, markets, malls and factories but as of now the
location provided for this research which will answer the question "Where" was in

Buting Senior High School located in Pasig City. The subject are those persons to

be involved in our study which will answer the question "Who" and these are the

students, teachers, school administrators and people who are in blue collar jobs.

The timeline of the research which will answer the question "When" was July to

October year 2019.

SCOPES AND DELIMITATIONS

The researchers set a guideline in terms of the gathering of data, analysis,

testing and treatments, and the way they are approaching respondents when it

comes in interviewing. The researchers should avoid being lousy and clumsy when

they are in field of testing and treatments. This will the research data more accurate

to be solved because of being preventive on such accidents that may occur when

their actions are not limited. The researchers should also be responsible in terms

of the gathering of data and cite the work of the owner when the researchers used

it as a basis. In this manner, the researchers can now give the author/owner of

such article or study a respect and gratitude for what he made and being a basis

for current and future research. Lastly, the researchers should be always polite

and respectful in terms of having a survey and interview to other people. In this

way, the researchers can be more approachable and can also have more

information about such variable ask to a certain person, because he/she enjoyed

the discussion together with the researchers.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 Private institutions – Private institutions such as electrical management

companies, hospitals, and schools was the main recipient of this product for

such reason that these infrastructures are meant to have a lot of people

inside that are visiting and may lead to have their life into danger when

sudden disaster came.

 Blue collar jobs – The researchers are not pertaining into the jobs itself but

the people who are involve and have jobs in some establishments such as

teachers, licensed engineers, and etc. They will benefit this project for some

reason that these people tend to make themselves busy on their jobs that

at some point they are not noticing such disaster that can ruin not only their

work/job but also their lives.

 Ordinary people – Even the people inside the house can be a victim when

such disaster came. This project will also help them to be guided in terms

of giving alerts and warnings for an coming disaster.

 Future researchers – They will be benefited with this research with regards

on having a some sort of finding a different case of study that is focusing on

invention that can ease the worries of an individual for them to not only be

worry free person but also to be productive for having less stress in dealing

with the disasters specially fire.

LIST OF REFERENCES

Zhong, Li, Wu (2011) Theory and Construction of Emergency Refuge System in

Underground Coal Mine retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187770581105288X/pdf
?md5=103c3fa3b8609c19395731258737fd80&pid=1-s2.0-
S187770581105288X-main.pdf&_valck=1

Najafi, Akbari, Ardalan, Noorbala (2017) The Theory of Planned Behavior and
Disaster Preparedness retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5614802/#__ffn_sectitle

Schroll (2007) Fire detection and alarm systems: a brief guide retrieved from
https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2007/12/Fire-Detection-and-Alarm-Systems-
A-Brief-Guide.aspx?m=1

Voelkert, (2015) A Brief Guide To Fire Chemistry And Extinguishment Theory For
Fire Equipment Service Technicians retrieved from www.amerex-fire.com

Hadjisophocleous, Kashef, Benichou, (2002) FIERAsystem: A Fire Risk

Assessment Model for Light Industrial Building Fire Safety Evaluation,
retrieved from :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44072209_FIERAsystem_A_Fire
_Risk_Assessment_Model_for_Light_Industrial_Building_Fire_Safety_Eva
luation