2.

Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler

Safe KPC & Saving Rp 1,-
3 x 18 MW

Contents
BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW:
• Coal Fuelled Electricity Generating Unit
• Steam System with Regenerative Feed Water Heating
• Rankine Cycle with Regenerative Feed Water Heating
• Mass Flow and Heat Flow of The Steam System
• The Energy Transferred of The Steam System
• BFBC Boiler Specification
• Coal, Bed Material & Limestone Specification
• Principle of Fluidization
• Fluidized Bed Combustion
• Boiler Lines & Links

Boiler Turbine Generator (BTG) - Area

23.03.2016
Sharing Session
Rikardo B.S #18894
BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Coal Fuelled Electricity Generating Unit

Main Steam Line Turbines Generator

Gear
Box Circulating
Water System Makeup
Crusher/Screen
Building Condenser
Deaerator
BFBC
Bunker fill Boiler Cooling Cooling
Tripper Conveyor Water Pumps Tower
Reclaim
Hopper HPH BFP LPH CEP
Bed Material
Coal

Limestone
Electrostatic Precipitator

Flue Gas
(ESP)
Coal
Dump Bunker
Chain
Hopper
Feeder
Air+Coal Induced Chimney
Limestone Fly Ash Draft (ID) Fans
Bed Material
& Limestone Air
Air Comp.
Comp. Bed Ash
Air External
Compressor Combustor Hot Air
(Burner) Silencer Fly Ash
Hot Air Silo
Bed Ash
Silo
Hot Air

Light Diesel Primary Cold Air

Oil (LDO) Air (PA) Fans
Booster
Fans
Cold
Air

LDO Forced
Unloading Draft (FD) Fans
Pumps

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Steam System with Regenerative Feed Water Heating

1

Steam
c b Turbine b c Generator

a
G
BFBC
Boiler
18 MW
2 5

b
a Condenser
3
12
4 g

g Deaerator d e f
6
(Feed Water) Drain Gland Steam
CEP
Cooler Condenser
10 9 7

Steam Jet
BFP
HPH LPH Air Ejector
11 8
f e d
Note:
Daerator berfungsi untuk menghilangkan gas-gas ‘corrosive’ (O2 dan CO2) yang terlarut pada air dan akan diteruskan ke Boiler. Hal ini untuk mencegah
terjadi nya ‘internal corrosion’ pada pipa-pipa Boiler.
Steam Jet Air Ejector berfungsi untuk memisahkan gas-gas yang tidak terkondensasi dari Condenser/System.
Gland Steam berfungsi untuk mengkondensasi uap (steam) dari turbin dan juga memanaskan air kondensasi dari Condenser.

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Rankine Cycle with Regenerative Feed Water Heating

p1 = 87 kg/cm2
1
T
QBoiler QSH

QEva m o = 19,91 kg/s

12

p2 = 20,5 kg/cm2

2 WTurbine
QEco
18,153 kg/s p3 = 7 kg/cm2
m o1= 1,757 kg/s HPH
10 11
WBFP m o 2= 1,416 kg/s Dearator 3
16,737 kg/s p4 = 1,85 kg/cm2
9
m o3= 1,77 kg/s LPH 4
8 14,967 kg/s
7 m o4= 14,967 kg/s Condenser p5 = 0,11 kg/cm2
WCEP
6 5

QCondenser

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Mass Flow and Heat Flow of The Steam System

Mass Flow Pressure Temp. Enthalpy

State Description
T/hr kg/s (kg/cm2) (oC) Symbol kcal/kg kJ/kg
1 Boiler Output 71.67 19.91 87 510 h1 816.1 3416.847
2 Turbine Output 1 to HPH (High Pressure Heater) 6.326 1.757 20.5 322.7 h2 735 3077.298
3 Turbine Output 2 to Deaerator (Feed Water Tank) 5.096 1.416 7 290.6 h3 726.2 3040.454
4 Turbine Output 3 to LPH (Low Pressure Heater) 6.371 1.77 1.85 117 h4 630.2 2638.521
5 Turbine Output 4 to Condenser 53.809 14.967 0.11 47.3 h5 556.2 2328.698
6 Condenser Output 60.749 16.875 0.11 47.3 h6 47.3 198.0356
CEP (Condenser Extraction Pump) Output to
7 60.749 16.875 7 47.5 h7 47.9 200.5477
Steam Jet Air Ejector
8 LPH Output to Drain Cooler 60.749 16.875 0.11 112.6 h8 113 473.1084
9 Deaerator to BFP (Boiler Feed Pump) 72.171 20.048 6.29 159.9 h9 161.3 675.3308
10 BFP Output to Boiler 72.124 20.034 87 162.8 h10 166.2 695.8462
11 HPH Output to Deaerator (Feed Water Tank) 6.326 1.757 7 168.8 h11 170.7 714.6868
12 Boiler Input 72.124 20.034 87 210.1 h12 215.7 903.0928

Note:
Entalpi adalah istilah dalam termodinamika yang menyatakan jumlah energi dari suatu sistem termodinamika. Entalpi terdiri dari energi dalam sistem,
termasuk satu dari lima potensial termodinamika dan fungsi keadaan, juga volume dan tekanannya.

Enthalpy is a measure of energy in a thermodynamic system. It includes the internal energy, which is the energy required to create a system, and the a
mount of energy required to make room for it by displacing its environment and establishing its volume and pressure.

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW
No Description
1 Power Output from Turbine
2 Input Energy to Boiler
3 Output Energy to Condenser
4 Power Input to CEP
5 Power Input to BFP
6 The Cycle Efficiency
Siklus Rankine modern, digunakan pada pembangkit listrik dengan bahan bakar batubara, memiliki efisiensi yang bervariasi dari 32% s.d 42%.
Hal ini terutama tergantung pada parameter uap.
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The Energy Transferred of The Steam System
Symbol Calculation
= 19.91 kg/s*(h1-h2) kJ/kg+18.153 kg/s*(h2-h3) kJ/kg+16.737 kg/s*(h3-h4) kJ/kg
+14.967 kg/s*(h4-h5) kJ/kg
= 19.91*(3416.847-3077.298) kJ/s+18.153*(3077.298-3040.454) kJ/s+16.737*(3040.454-2638.521) kJ/s
WTurbine +14.967*(2638.521-2328.698) kJ/s
= 6760.421 kW+ 668.829 kW+6727.153 kW+4637.121 kW
= 18793.524 kW
= 18.794 MW
= 20.34 kg/s*(h1-h10) kJ/kg
= 20.34*(3416.847-695.8462) kJ/s
QBoiler = 55345.156 kW
= 55.345 MW
= 14.967 kg/s*(h5-h6) kJ/kg
= 14.967*(2328.698-198.0356) kJ/s
QCondenser = 31889.624 kW
= 31.89 MW
= 16.875 kg/s*(h7-h6) kJ/kg
WCEP = 16.875*(200.5477-198.0356) kJ/s
= 42.392 kW (Selected : 75 kW)
= 20.0345 kg/s*(h10-h9) kJ/kg
WBFP = 20.0345*(695.8462-675.3308) kJ/s
= 411.016 kW (Selected : 575 kW)
= 1-(QCondenser / QBoiler )
ηcycle = 1- (31.89 MW / 55.345 MW)
= 42%
BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

BFBC Boiler Specification

No Description Calculation

= 55.345 MW
1 Input Energy to Boiler (QBoiler)
= 55345.2 kJ/s

= 5350 kcal/kg
2 Higher Heating Values (HHV)
= 22399.4 kJ/kg

= QBoiler / HHV
= 55345.2 kJ/s / (22399.4 kJ/kg)
3 Capacity Fuel (Coal) = 2.47 kg/s
= 2.47*3.6 T/h
= 8.89 T/h

= 1.8 T/h (minimum)

Chain Feeder Capacity for Coal
4 = 11.1 T/h (Normal)
Supply to Boiler
= 18 T/h (maximum)

Batubara dengan kapasitas 8.89 TPH menghasilkan energi pembakaran boiler

55,35 MW dan kerja turbin 18 MW.

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Coal, Bed Material & Limestone Specification

Coal Bed Material Limestone

(% by weight)

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Principles of Fluidization

Saat gas dilewatkan melalui hamparan partikel padat, gas akan mengalami penurunan tekanan. Pada kecepatan rendah, penurunan tekanan ini relatif
kecil dan hamparan partikel padat akan tetap diam. Dengan bertambahnya kecepatan gas, penurunan tekanan juga akan bertambah sampai pada titik
di mana penurunan tekanan sama dengan berat hamparan partikel padat per satuan luas. Pada tahap ini partikel padat dalam keadaan saat bergerak
dan hal ini disebut “minimally fluidized bed”. Kecepatan gas pada keadaan ini disebut kecepatan minimum fluidisasi. Saat kecepatan gas terus meningkat,
partikel padat menjadi sangat bergolak/turbulensi dan cepat terjadi proses percampuran.

Fixed Bed Minimum Fluidization Bubbling Bed

Incoming Incoming Incoming

Bed Material Bed Material Bed Material

Bubbling
Minimum Fluidization
Fluidization Height
Distribution Packed Distribution Distribution
Bed Height Plate Height Plate
Plate

Incoming Incoming Incoming

Hot Air Hot Air Incoming Hot Air
Incoming Incoming
Coal+Limestone+Air Coal+Limestone+Air Coal+Limestone+Air

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Fluidized Bed Combustion

Hamparan partikel padat dipanaskan mencapai temperatur pengapian bahan bakar, bahan bakar yang diumpankan akan terbakar dan meneruskan
panas ke seluruh ruang bakar. Pada keadaan stabil, ruang bakar mengandung sekitar 0.5 - 1% karbon dan sisanya material lembam.
Untuk menjaga temperatur pembakaran yang lebih rendah dari temperatur lebur abu (mencegah terjadinya penggumpalan), sejumlah besar panas
diteruskan pada pipa. Laju panas yang diteruskan pada pipa sangat tinggi disebabkan cepatnya proses percampuran partikel.

Economiser Stage-I & Stage-II

Bed
Superheater

Bed
Evaporator

Side Elevation Rear Elevation Bed Evaporator & Bed Superheater

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Boiler Lines & Links

f
c c
b
b

d e

g g g
Right Side Elevation

Rear Side Elevation

Down
Comers

To Water
Wall a
a h h

Main Steam Line

k (Boiler Output to Turbine)
Boiler Feed Line
k
(From BFP Output) Main Steam
Line (Boiler
j Output to j
Turbine)
Bed
Superheater i i

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Boiler Lines & Links

d d d d

Down
Down Comers
Comers
Right Side Water Wall

Front Side Water Wall

To
Water
Wall

To Water
Wall

Refractory

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Boiler Lines & Links

Riser Pipe

Steam Drum
Riser Pipe
f

e
Bottom Cross Section Water Wall

Top View Riser & Baffle Wall

Baffle Wall Header Pipe
Left Side Water Wall Header Pipe
d
Front Side Water Wall

Rear Side Water Wall

d
Header Pipe

Header Pipe
d

f
d

Front Side Water Wall Header Pipe

Rear Side Water Wall Header Pipe

Right Side Water Wall Header Pipe
d
Baffle Wall Header Pipe

Steam Drum
d e

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

Boiler Lines & Links

f
a b

c j
g e
g g i
g
Front Side Elevation

Bed
Superheater

Top Plan View

k
Boiler Feed Line
(From BFP Output) Main Steam
a
Line (Boiler
Output to
h Turbine)

Boiler Feed Line

(From BFP Output)

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BFBC Boiler – 3 x 18 MW

TERIMA KASIH

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