Weft Insertion Cycle of Projectile Loom

Introduction:
Projectile concept was introduced by sulzer brothers,Winterthur,Switzerland.and
by using this concept of roshman we can see the visible commercial weaving
machine.the projectile machine is introduced in market in 1953.it is worked on
the principle of projectile for weft insertion.a bullet like shuttle named as
gripper projectile draws the weft thread into the warp shed from a large
stationary cross wound package , always from the same side.a metal torsion rod
propets the projectile, accelerating it through the shed at the moment if
pickingby means of picking mechanism.

Since many of the projectile weaving machine are manufactured by

M/s sulzer brothers all the description are made with reference to this machine
nevertheless recently a few other manufacturers started manufacturing
projectile weaving machines.at present sulzer projectile weaving machine \s are
marketed as Sulzer Ruti Projectile Weaving Machines.

SulzerProjectile Weaving machine differs from a conventional automatic loom

mainly in two respects:

1.the method of insertion of weft into the warp shed.

2.the method of moving the reed and the projectile track.

Construction:
The projectile unit contain a projectile ,a projectile unit with projectile lifter,
projectile opner, projectile feeder opner, picking mechanism, weft tensioner,
weft brake, weft detector, scissors, tucking unit. On the slay projectile guide are
provided .also receiving unit with projectile brake, projectile detector and a
projectile returner. projectile opner, expeller, tucking unit, conveyor for
projectile are also provided.

It uses the projectile equipped with gripper i.e.30 mm long and weiging about
40 grms .
To insert the filling of yarn across the shed
Working:
The different phases of weft insertion cycle are as follows:
1. Projectile moves into the picking position while the projectile feeder is
holding the end of weft. Weft tensioner is applying tension to the weft.
Weft brake is holding the weft thread.
2. Projectile feeder opens after the weft end has been gripped by the
projectile; weft brake is releasing the force.
3. Projectile has been picked across the warp shed. Weft tensioner releases
the tension. Weft brake is applied.
4. Projectile is stopped by the brake at the receiving side and pushed back to
the opening position by the returner, adjacent to the receiving side
selvedge. Weft tensioner moves up carrying the slack weft. Projectile
feeder moves close to the edge of the cloth to grip the weft and brings
back for the transfer to the next projectile.
5. Projectile feeder grips the extended weft thread while the two selvedge
grippers hold the weft at both sides of the cloth.
6. Projectile is detached from the weft by a projectile opener on the
receiving side and pushed down on the conveyor chain by an expeller.
The conveyor carries the expelled projectile to the picking side. At the
same time the weft thread is cut on the picking side by scissors.
7. The weft is now beaten up by the reed. The two selvedge grippers holding
the weft ends move ahead of the reed.
8. Weft tensioner moves up carrying the slack weft while the projectile
feeder returns to its original position gripping the weft end for repeating
the operation.
9. Meanwhile the two tuck-in needles tuck the two severed weft ends on
either side of the cloth, into the shed for weaving in the next pick.
10.The feeder, projectile, opener, brake and tensioner come to its main
position and again the whole cycle will be repeated.
note:
The unique principle of projectile weft insertion cycle allow the insertion of any
yarn i.e. cotton, wool, mono and multi filament yarn, polypropylene ribbon, and
even hard fibre jute and linen. And due to which all fine and coarse yarn can be
securely gripped and inserted by projectile.