Iterview Questions Umts

UMTS: High Speed Packet
Access (HSPA) Technology
Syed Saifullah Hussain Shah

Oriental Institute of Technology
Kharian
1
Outline
• Introduction
• Basics of CDMA
• UMTS: WDMA Release 99
• UMTS: HSDPA Release 5
• UMTS: HSUPA Release 6
2
Introduction
3
IMT-2000 (3G)
• The International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
defined the key requirements for International
Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000) services.
• These requirements were that the system should support
data rates of:
• 2 Mbps in fixed or in-building environments
• 384 kbps in pedestrian or urban environments
•144 kbps in wide area mobile environments
• IMT-2000 is more commonly known as… 3G.
4
Migration Path
2000 2001 2002 2003
Japan PDC W-CDMA
Europe GSM GPRS EDGE
HSCSD
America AMPS/D-AMPS D-AMPS
IS-95A IS-95B CDMA2000
2G System Easy upgrade

Upgrade requiring new modulation
3G System Upgrade requiring entire new radio system
5
Timeline: For UMTS and CDMA2000
6
Number of 3G subscribers: 550 Million
7
Source: www.3gtoday.com: (Retired), Above slide: July 31, 2007
What is UMTS/WCDMA?
• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Wide-
band CDMA is a 3G, Direct Sequence CDMA-based
Radio Access Network (RAN), with chip rate of 3.84 Mcps.
• Designed to be deployed under GSM/GPRS network.
• “WCDMA” refers to the FDD Physical Layer and
the protocols that support it.
• “UTRAN” refers to the WCDMA Radio Access
network.
• “UMTS” refers to the entire network.
8
Reference: WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
UMTS Releases
• Release 99: WCDMA
• Release 4: TD-SCDMA
• Release 5: HSDPA
• Release 6: HSUPA
• Combined HSDPA and HSUPA is called HSPA.
9
The UMTS Network
10
UMTS/WCDMA Bandwidth
The carrier frequency is designated by the UTRA Absolute

Radio Frequency Channel Number (UARFCN), where
Fcenter = UARFCN * 200 KHz 11
UMTS Terminology
12
UMTS Network Topology
13
Basics of CDMA
14
Universal Frequency Reuse
Frequency CDMA Universal

Reuse Factor = 7 for Frequency Reuse
AMPS
CC A
C BB DD A A A
B D AA A A A
A GG EE A A
A
G E FF A A AA
A
F C A A
B D A A
A A
G E A A
F A
Frequency Reuse Factor = 4
15
for TDMA systems
Universal Frequency Reuse
16
Codes in UMTS/WCDMA
• OVSF Codes: Orthogonal Codes

• Gold Codes: Spreading Codes
• DL PSC: 512, SSC: 7680
• UL Scrambling Codes: 16.8 million
17
Orthogonal Codes
Orthogonal functions have zero correlation.
Two binary sequences are orthogonal if the
process of “XORing” them results in an equal
number of 1s and -1s:
Example: -1 -1 1 1
-1 1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1
Orthogonal Sequences
Orthogonal codes in WCDMA are termed orthogonal variable
spreading factor (OVSF) codes.
18
User Separation using Orthogonal Codes
19
Recovering the user data
20
OVSF Codes
21
OVSF Code Usage
22
OVSF Tree
23
Gold Codes
• Gold codes (produced using M-sequences)
• M-sequences (maximum length pseudorandom
binary sequences) or PN codes
24
25
Generation of Gold Codes (25-1)
• Using two preferred M-sequence generators of degree r,

with a fixed non-zero seed in the first generator.
• The Downlink Gold code sequences are of length 218-1.
They begin at phase 0, go up to phase 38399, and are
repeated.
• The Uplink Gold code sequences are of length 225-1.
26
Cross-
Correlation
of Gold
Codes
Example: N=18, t(n)=1+210=1025

ACF=218=262,144, Normalized=1.
Normalized Cross corr.=0.0039
27
UMTS: WCDMA Release 5
28
Generic Physical Layer Procedures
29
Spreading and Scrambling (DL)
30
Spreading and Scrambling (UL)
31
Scrambling Codes
32
UMTS Channels
33
Soft Handover
34
High Speed Packet Access
(HSDPA): Release 5
35
Evolution of 3G
36
Evolution of 3G: Data Rates
37
Packet Data in Release 99
38
39
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSDPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
HSDPA Basic Concepts
How does HSDPA address the limitations of Release 99?
• Adaptive modulation and coding
– Fast feedback of channel condition
– QPSK and 16-QAM
– Coding from R=1/3 to R=1
• Multi-Code operation
– Multiple codes allocated per user
– Fixed spreading factor
• Node B scheduling
– Physical Layer HARQ
40
The New Data Channel
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
41
HS-PDSCH
42
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
43
Link Adaptation Versus Power Control
44
Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)
• Scheme combining ARQ and Forward Error Correction
• FEC decoding based on all unsuccessful transmissions
• Stop-and-Wait (SAW) protocol
• Two basic schemes:
– Chase Combining
-Same data block is sent at each retransmission
– Incremental Redundancy (IR)
- Additional Redundant Information sent at each
retransmission
45
HARQ Example
46
Comparison Summary
47
Network Architecture with HSDPA
48
HSDPA Channels
Transport Channel
• High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH)
– Downlink Transport Channel
Physical Channels
• High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
– Downlink Control Channel
• High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
– Downlink Data Channel
• High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH)
– Uplink Control Channel
49
HSDPA Channels
50
HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH
Spreading and Modulation
51
HSDPA Operation
52
HSDPA Operation: Timeline
53
HS-PDSCH
54
HS-PDCCH
55
HS-SCCH
56
HSDPA Data Rate
57
HSDPA Data Rate
58
Theoretical HSDPA Data Rate
59
Use of Multiple Codes
60
Consecutive Assignment
61
Code Puncturing and use of QAM
Going from QPSK to 16-QAM: 7.2Mbps X 2 = 14.4 Mbps

62
Review
63
OVSF Allocation
64
High Speed Uplink Packet
Access (HSUPA): Release 7
65
Release 99 Uplink Packet Data
66
Reference: WCDMA (UMTS) HSUPA Protocols and Physical Layer, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
Release 99 Uplink Limitations
67
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSPA)
Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH) 68

HSUPA vs. HSDPA
69
Rise-Over-Thermal Noise
70
Node B Scheduler for HSUPA
71
Rise-Over-Thermal Loading
72
HSUPA Channel Operation
73
HSUPA Channel Operation Contd.
74
GRANT: E-AGCH (Absolute Grant CH) 75

Data: E-DPDCH, Control: DPCCH

76
ACK/NAK: E-HICH (Enhanced Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)

77
HSUPA Uplink Channels
78
HSUPA Uplink Channels Contd.
79
Uplink Channels
80
Downlink Channels
81
HSUPA Channel Timing
82
HSUPA Channel Mapping
83
UMTS Network Architecture with HSUPA
84
Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate
85
E-DPDCH with SF4 and Puncturing
86
Lower Spreading Factor SF2
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 2, TTI of 2 ms

and coding rate of 1 is 3840 bits (for 1920 kpbs).
87
Multi-code Transmission
88
Timeline: For UMTS and CDMA2000
89
Other Standards
• Worlwide Interoperability Microwave Access
(WiMax)
– Operate in the 2.5, 3.5, or 5.8 GHz bands.
– Data Rates now close to 73 Mbps (in 20 MHz of
spectrum)
– Versions: IEEE 802.16d and e with amendments
like: 802.16f, g, h, i, j and k
– Uses OFDM
• IEEE 802.20: Mobile Broadband Wireless Access
(MBWA) (Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless
Handoff ) FLASH-OFDM. (suspended but being
developed under the name of EVDO Rev C: UMB)
90
Amendments to the IEEE 802.16 standard
An amendment to the standard, IEEE 802.16e addressing mobility, was
concluded in 2005. This is sometimes called “Mobile WiMAX”, after the
WiMAX forum for interoperability.
Active amendments:
•802.16f – Management Information Base
Amendments in development:
•802.16g - Management Plane Procedures and Services
Amendments at pre-draft stage:
•802.16h - Improved Coexistence Mechanisms for License-Exempt
Operation
•802.16i - Mobile Management Information Base
•802.16j - Mobile Multihop Relay
•802.16k - Bridging
Ref: http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/IEEE_802.16
91
Cellular Technology Roadmap
92
Issues
Why are new services/mobile content required?
Tough competition
Low ARPU
No differentiation in Service Offerings
Problem:
What services will differentiate one operator from the other?
How would these services be delivered?
93
Technologies
2G: Mainly Voice & SMS
2.5G: Limited Data Capability
3G and Beyond: High Speed Data coupled with data

centric applications and services
94
Services Continue to Evolve With
Enriched User Experiences
Mobile TV
3D Gaming
Mobile
Location Based Commerce
2D Gaming Services
Voice Wallpaper
Services Evolution
Text
Messaging Ringtones
MMS Music & Video Blogging
Paul,
on Demand RSS Feeds
How Social Networking
did the & Tagging
meetin
g go?
Send
Options
95
References
1) WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.
2) WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile
Communications, H. Holma and A. Toskla, Second Edition,
John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
3) Scrambling Techniques for CDMA Communications, B. G. Lee
and B. Kim, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
4) HSDPA: Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS
University.
5) HSUPA:Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS
University.
6) HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS, Ed. Holma and A. Toskla, Second
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2006.
96
THANK YOU
E-mail:
saifshahjee@yahoo.com
97

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UMTS: High Speed Packet

Access (HSPA) Technology

Syed Saifullah Hussain Shah

Japan PDC W-CDMA

Europe GSM GPRS EDGE

America AMPS/D-AMPS D-AMPS

IS-95A IS-95B CDMA2000

2G System Easy upgrade

• Combined HSDPA and HSUPA is called HSPA.

The carrier frequency is designated by the UTRA Absolute

Frequency CDMA Universal

• OVSF Codes: Orthogonal Codes

• Using two preferred M-sequence generators of degree r,

Example: N=18, t(n)=1+210=1025

High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)

Going from QPSK to 16-QAM: 7.2Mbps X 2 = 14.4 Mbps

Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH) 68

GRANT: E-AGCH (Absolute Grant CH) 75

Data: E-DPDCH, Control: DPCCH

ACK/NAK: E-HICH (Enhanced Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)

Maximum payload for spreading factor of 2, TTI of 2 ms

 2.5G: Limited Data Capability

 3G and Beyond: High Speed Data coupled with data

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2.5G: Limited Data Capability

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