MODUL PERKULIAHAN

ENGLISH FOR COMPUTER 1

 COMPUTER IN DIGITAL AGE

 TYPES OF SENTENCES
(SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX, AND
COMPOUND COMPLEX SENTENCES )

Fakultas Program Studi Tatap Muka Kode MK Disusun Oleh

ILMU KOMPUTER INFORMATIKA 10 F06170001 Eko Putra Boediman, MM., M.I.Kom

Abstract Competence
There are kinds of sentences which Students could make simple,
students should understand when compound, complex, and compound
they want to write something. complex sentences correctly.
Simple, Complex, Complex and
Compound Complex sentences are
part of these and it will be discussed
in this section.
Pembahasan
COMPUTER USER
READING
Computers make the World Smaller and Smarter
The ability of tiny computing devices to control complex operations has transformed the way
many tasks are performed, ranging from scientific research to producing consumer products.
Tiny computers on a chip are used in medical equipment, home appliances, cars and toys.
Workers use handled computing devices to collect data at a customer site, to generate
forms, to control inventory, and to serve as desktop organizers.
Not only in computing equipment getting smaller, it is getting more sophisticated. Computers
are part of many machines and devices that’s one required continual human supervision and
control. Today, computers in security system result in safer environment, computers in cars
improve energy efficiency and
computers in phones provide
feature such as call forwarding, call
monitoring, and call answering.
These smart machines are
designed to take over some of the
basic task previously performed by people;
by so doing, they make life little easier
and a little more pleasant. Smart cards
store vital information such as
health records, drivers’ licenses, bank balances, and so on. Smart phones, cars, and
appliances with built in computers can be programmed to better meet individual needs. A
smart house has a built in monitoring system that can turn lights on and off, open and close
window, operate the oven, and more.
With small computing device available for performing smart tasks like cooking dinner,
programming the DVD recorder, and controlling the flow of information in an organization,
people are able to spend more time doing what they often do the best – being creative.
Computers can help people work more creatively.
Multimedia systems are known for their educational and entertainment value, which we call
‘edutainment’. Multimedia combines text with sound, video, animation, and graphics, which
greatly enhances the interaction between user and machines and can make information

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more interesting and appealing to people. Expert systems software enables computers to
‘think’ like experts.
Medical diagnosis expert systems, for example can help doctors pinpoint a patient’s illness,
suggest further tests, and prescribe appropriate drugs.
Connectively enables computers and software that might otherwise be incompatible to
communicate and to share resources. Now that computers are proliferating in many areas
and networks are available for people to access data and communicate with others, personal
computers are becoming interpersonal PCs. They have the potential to significantly improve
the way we relate to each other. Many people today telecommute- that is, use their
computers to stay in touch with the office while they are working at home. With the proper
tools, hospital staff can get a diagnosis from a medical expert hundreds or thousands of
miles away. Similarly, the disabled can communicate more effectively with others using
computers.
Distance learning and video conferencing are concepts made possible with the use of an
electronic classroom or boardroom accessible to people in remote locations. Vast databases
of information superhighway are designed to significantly expand this interactive connectivity
so that people all over the world will have free access to all these resources.
People power is critical to ensuring that hardware, software, and connectivity are effectively
integrated in a socially responsible way, people – computer users and computer
professionals – are the ones who will decide which hardware, software, and networks
endure and how great an impact they will have on our lives. Ultimately people power must
be exercised to ensure that computers are used not only efficiently but in a socially
responsible way.

A. Answer these questions based on the text above!

1. Name some types of devices that use ‘computers on a chip’.
2. What uses of handled computers are mentioned in the text?
3. What are the benefits of using computers with the following items?
a. Security system
b. Cars
c. Phones
4. What smart devices are mentioned in the text?
5. What are smart cards used for?
6. What are disadvantages of multimedia?
7. What can medical expert systems do?
8. How can computers help the disabled?

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 9. What types of computing systems are made available to people in remote locations
using electronic classrooms or boardrooms?
10. What aspects of computing can people power determine?

B. Re- read the text to find the answers to these questions:

1. Match the terms in Table A with the statements in Table B

Table A
a. Edutainment
b. Multimedia
c. Expert system
d. Telecommute
e. Information superhighway

Table B
i. Software that enables computers to ‘think’ like experts
ii. Use computers to stay in touch with the office while working at home
iii. Internet system designed to provide free, interactive access to vast resources for
people all over the world
iv. Multimedia materials with combination of educational and entertainment content
v. A combination of text with sound, video, animation, and graphics

2. Mark the following statements as True or False

a. Desktop organizers are programs that require desktop computers
b. Computers are sometimes used to monitor system that previously needed
human supervision.
c. Networking is a way of allowing otherwise incompatible system to
communicate and share resources
d. The use of computers prevents people from being creative
e. Computer users do not have much influence over the way that computing
develops.

Problem Solving
How do you think these professions might use computers?
Compare answers with others in your group
 Architect  Farmers
 Interior design  Landscape gardener

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  Musicians  Sales people
 Rally drivers

WRITING SKILL
TYPES OF SENTENCES
(SIMPLE, COMPOUND, COMPLEX,
AND COMPOUND COMPLEX SENTENCES)

This section reviews briefly about Simple, Compound, and Complex sentences
because you already got it in previous semester.

Clause
A clause is the main building blocks of sentences. A clause is a group of words that
contain at least a subject and a verb. There two clauses, that are Independent clauses and
dependent clauses.
An independent clause contains a subject and a verb that express a complete
thought. It can stand alone as a sentence by itself. Meanwhile, a dependent clause does not
express a complete meaning and cannot stand alone as a sentence by itself.

Clause Connectors
Table 11
Clause Connector
SUBORDINATORS (SUBORDINATING CONJUNTIONS)

After before that when

which
Although even though though whenever
while
As how unless where
who
As if if until whenever
whom
As soon as so that what whether
whose
Because since

COORDINATORS (COORDINATOR CONJUNTION)

You can remember the seven coordinators by the phrase FAN BOYS
For and nor but or yet so

1
Alice Oshima, Ann Hogue. Writing Academic English Third Edition. New York: Longman, p. 154

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 CONJUNTIVE ADVERBS

Accordingly furthermore in contrast meanwhile on the other

hand
Beside hence indeed moreover otherwise
Consequently however instead nevertheless therefore
For example in addition likewise nonetheless thus

Sentence
Actually, what is a sentence? It is hard enough to answer correctly about it. There are
more than two hundred terms or definition of a sentence. Some of definitions are:
 A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete though
 A sentence is a grammatically constructed unit of speech that expresses a
meaning
 A sentence is a construction that, in the given utterance, is not part of any larger
construction
 A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop
 A sentence is a collection of words consisting of one or more clauses that
grammatically linked

Further, sentences can be categorized into three types: Simple sentences, Complex
sentences, and Compound sentences

A. SIMPLE SENTENCES
A simple sentence is a group of words which has a single independent clause.
e.g. :
 I enjoy playing tennis with my friends every weekend
First example, it is clear simple sentence

 I enjoy playing tennis and look forward to it every weekend

This is simple sentences with two verbs, enjoy and look forward to and it called
a compound verb but it still consist of one clause.
I enjoy playing tennis
I look forward to it every weekend

 My friends and I play tennis and go bowling everyday

The third sentence has a compound subject as well as a compound verb, but it
is still a simple sentence because it has only one clause.

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 My friend and I play tennis
My friend and I go bowling everyday

B. A Compound Sentences

A compound sentence is two or more independent clauses joined together.

There are three ways to join the clauses.

1. With a coordinator
2. With conjunctive adverb
3. With a semicolon

a. Compound Sentences With Coordinators

Compound sentence can be formed as follows:

Independent clause, + coordinator + independent

clause

Note : There is a comma after first independent clause.

There are seven coordinators which are used in compound sentence. We can
remember it with FANBOYS. Let’s we see the description below

 For
Women live longer than men, for they take better care of their health.
For is used to give the reason for the first clause.
 And
Women follow more healthful diets, and they go to gym twice a week.
The two clauses express equal, similar ideas.
 Nor
Women don't smoke as much as men do, nor do they drink as much alcohol.
Nor is ‘and not’. It is used for joining two negative independent clauses and
the question word order is used after nor. The underline word is question
word form.
 But
Men may exercise harder, but they may not exercise as regularly as women
do.

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 The two clauses express equal, contrasting ideas.
 Or
Both men and women should limit the amount of fat in their diets, or they risk
getting heart dieses.
Two clauses are to express alternative possibilities.
 Yet
Women used to be known as the "weaker sex" yet in some ways, they were
stronger than men.
The second clause is a surprising or unexpected contrast to the first clause.
 So
Men are less cautious, so more men die in accidents.
The clause is the result of the first clause.

b. Compound Sentences with Conjunctive Adverb

A compound sentence can also be formed as follows:

Independent clause; + conjunctive adverb, + independent

clause

Notice : a semicolon (;) follows the first independent clause, and a comma follows
the conjunctive verb. As FANBOYS coordinators, conjunctive adverbs
express relationship between the clauses.

The following chart shows the coordinators and conjunctive adverbs that express
similar meaning with and, but or yet, or, and so

Table2
Conjunctive Adverb
COORDINATOR CONJUNCTIVE SENTENCE
ADVERB
And Beside Community college offer preparation
Furthermore for many occupations; moreover,
Moreover they prepare students to transfer to a
Also four-year college or university.

But However Many community colleges do not

Yet Nevertheless have dormitories; however, they
Nonetheless provide housing referral service.

2
op.cit p. 154

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 Or Otherwise Students must take final exam;
otherwise, they will receive a grade
incomplete.

So Accordingly Native and nonnative English

Consequently speakers have different needs;
Hence therefore, most schools provide
Therefore separate English classes for each
Thus group.

c. Compound Sentences With Semicolons

A compound sentence can be also being formed with a semicolon alone;

Independent clause; independent clause

e.g. :

 My older brother studies law; my younger brother studies medicine.

 Poland was the first Eastern European country to turn away from communism;
others soon followed.

C. Complex Sentences
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one (more)
dependent clause(s). In complex sentence, one idea is generally more important than
the other one. The more important idea is placed in the independent clause, and the
less important idea is placed in the dependent clause.

There are three kinds of dependent clauses:

1. Adverb clauses
2. Adjective clauses
3. Noun clauses

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 a. Adverbial clauses
Adverbial clauses, like adverb, provide information about the action. They can
provide information on where, when, how far, how long, because, and with what.
Other an adverbial subordinator such as because, although, if, so, that, etc.
e.g. :

 Although women in the United States could own property, they could vote
not vote until 1920.
 We are going to the movies after we have had lunch.

b. Adjective Clauses
Adjectival Clauses, like adjectives, provide information on the person, place, or
thing that they are associated with. They usually begin with a relative pronoun
(who, whom, whose, which, that).
e.g. :
 The house, which was made of bricks, was not destroyed.
The clause which was made of bricks describes the house.
 The runner, who was injured, did not finish the race
The clause who was injured describes the runner
 Men who are not married are called bachelor
 Last year we vacationed on the Red Sea, which features excellent scuba
diving.

c. Noun Clauses
Noun can be the subject or object of a sentence. A noun clause can be identified
when the clause acts as, or can be replaced by, a noun. Usually, noun clauses
begins with a wh- question word, that, whether, or sometimes if. Look at this
example:

 I will warn you of what can happen here

 That you are my friend is known to everyone
 That there is a hole in the ozone layer of the earth’s atmosphere is well
known
 Scientists believe that excess chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere are
responsible for creating it.

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 D. Compound Complex Sentence
A compound complex is a combination of two or more independent clauses
and one or more dependent clauses. Many combinations are possible, and their
punctuation requires careful attention.

Look at this example:

1. I wanted to travel after I graduated from college; however, I had to go to work

immediately
2. After I graduated from college, I wanted to travel, but I had to work immediately
3. I wanted to travel after I graduated from college, but I had to go to work
immediately because I had to support my family.
4. I couldn’t decide where I should work or what I should do, so I did nothing.

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Daftar Pustaka

Anderson M & Anderson K. 1997. Text Types in English 123. South Yarra. MacMillan
Oshima A & Hogue A. Writing Academic English Third Edition. New York: Longman
. . 1997. Writing Academic English Second Edition. New York:
Longman

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