ADMINISTRATION

MEANING of Administration:

The word “ Administer derived from the Latin word – “ad + ministraire” means care for’
or look after people to manage affairs.

DEFINITION:

“Administration is the organization & direction of human & material resources to achieve
desired ends.” -Pfiffner & Presthus.
Or

“Administration is the direction, coordination or control of many persons to achieve some

purposes or objectives.” - L.D. White
Or

“Administration is a determined action taken in pursuit of a conscious purpose. It is the

systematic ordering of affairs and the calculated use of resources aimed at making those things
happen which one wants to happen and foretelling everything to the contrary.” - F.M. Marx

MANAGEMENT

DEFINITION:
“It is the process in which directs and guides the operation of an 0rganization on the
establishing aims” -Ordway Tead
Or

“Management is getting things done through other people” –James L Hayes

Difference between the Administration & Management

Administration
Make the policies of an organization
It is a determinative function
It is a top-level activity.
It consists of owners who invest capital in and
receive profits from an enterprise
Its decisions are influenced by public opinion,
government policies, social, and religious
factors.
Planning and organizing functions are involved Motivating and controlling functions are
in it.
Management
Implement the policies of an organization
It is an executive function
It is a middle level activity
It is a group of managerial personnel who use
their specialized knowledge to fulfil the
objectives of an enterprise
Its decisions are influenced by the values,
opinions, and beliefs of the managers.
involved in it.
It needs administrative rather than technical It requires technical activities
abilities.

NATURE OF ADMINISTRATION:
• It is universal.
• It is holistic.
• It is continuous & ongoing process.
• It is goal oriented.
• It is social & human nature.
• It is dynamic.
• It is creative or innovative.

Functions of Administration:

1. Planning:
Planning is the most basic or primary function of management. In this step organisation
select their goals and the ways to attain them. It is basically deciding in advance, what is
to be done; when is to be done and by whom it is to be done.

2. Organizing:
After planning, next step is organizing. In this responsibility for tasks are assigned. The
process of organizing consists of following steps:
a. Determining and defining activities to achieve goal.
b. Grouping of activities into convenient and logical group.
c. Assigning duties to people at various levels.
d. Delegating authority to people at different level
e. Defining and fixing responsibility for performance

3. Staffing:
Staffing function of management pertains:
 Manpower Planning
 Recruitment for attracting suitable personnel
 Selection of the most suitable personnel
 Placement & orientation of employees
 Transfer, promotion etc of employees
 Training & development of employees

4. Directing:
It Used influence to motivate. It consists of:
a. Issuing orders and instructions
b. Supervision of Work
c. Motivation i.e. creating willingness to work
d. Communication with employees
e. Leadership or influencing the behavior of employees.
 5. Controlling:
It includes monitoring activities & making correction in it whenever required. It consists
of:
a. Establishing standards for measurement of performance
b. Measuring performance and comparing with standard
c. Finding reasons for variation among different employee’s performance
d. Taking corrective action for attainment of goal

PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATION

1. Division of work.
2. Authority, responsibility & accountability.
3. Discipline.
4. Unity of command.
5. Unity of direction.
6. Subordination of individual interest to organizational interest.
7. Remuneration of personnel.
8. Centralization.
9. Scalar chain of command.
10. Order.
11. Equity.
12. Stability of tenure of personnel.
13. Initiative.
14. Esprit de corps.

ELEMENTS OF ADMINISTRATION: “POSDCORB”

1. Planning. 2. Organizing. 3. Staffing. 4. Directing. 5. Co-ordinating. 6. Reporting. 7.

Budgeting.