RISK FACTOR OF coronary heart disease

1. Arvida Oktarivana (10317011)

2. Gata Anansyah (10317035)
3. Isna Lailatun N. (10317038)
4. Isna Nuralita Sari (10317048)
5. Richa Chintya (10317058)
6. Rizkia Ayunin FA (10317060)
7. Widyawati (10317068)

PROGRAM STUDI S1 KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

INSTITUT ILMU KESEHATAN BHAKTI WIYATA KEDIRI

TAHUN 2019
 ABSTRACT
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PRELIMINARY
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a Various studies have identified risk
disease caused by plaque that builds up factors for coronary heart disease include
inside the coronary arteries that supply heredity, age, gender, socio-economic,
oxygen to the heart muscle (Lannywati geographical, foods high in fat and
Ghani, et al., 2016). Coronary Heart calories, eat less vegetables fruit, smoking,
Disease (CHD) describes a severe disease, alcohol, physical activity less,
with high mortality and a state of hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus,
emergency cardiac clinical manifestations atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease,
in the form of complaints uneasy feeling or stroke and dyslipidemia (Lannywati
chest pain accompanied by other Ghani, et al., 2016).
symptoms as a result of myocardial METHOD
ischemia (Ministry of Health, 2007).
In writing this article the author
CHD is a degenerative disease
uses the method of literature study by
associated with lifestyle, and
examining 10 journals related to coronary
socioeconomic masyarakat.Penyakit is a
heart disease. Results from various
major health problem in developed
literature review will be used to identify
countries. The World Health Organization
risk factors for coronary heart disease.
(WHO) recorded more than 7 million
people die from CHD in the world in 2002.
This figure is expected to rise to 11 million
people by 2020 (Alexander, et al., 2017).
DISCUSSION
Age And Gender
The cause of coronary heart disease
include age and gender, with the incidence
in men much more than women but the
incidence in women increases after
menopause around the age of 50 years.
This is because the hormone estrogen has a
protective effect on the occurrence of
atherosclerosis, whereas in persons aged>
65 years found 20% of CHD in men and
12% in women. (Cipto Susilo. 2015).
obese
The existence of a significant result
between obesity and coronary heart
disease is because obesity can increase
blood pressure, high levels of triglycerides,
cholesterol, glucose resistance, as well as
blood clots. Increased blood pressure
makes blood vessels prone to having
thickening and constriction. That if it
occurs in a coronary artery will cause
coronary heart disease. Similarly, if an
increase in levels of triglycerides and
cholesterol, it will trigger the emergence of
thrombosis of plaque in blood vessels. It
also can lead to coronary heart disease.
(Lannywati Ghani, et al., 2016)
Smoke
According to the World Heart
Federation of tobacco contained in
cigarettes can lead to decreased levels of
oxygen delivered by the blood and causes
blood tend to clot. Blood clots formed in
the arteries that can lead to coronary heart
disease and stroke and sudden death. Other
literature of the Heart Foundation states
that tobacco has pathophysiological effects
on the heart, blood clotting system, and
lipoprotein metabolism. Smoking
increases coronary plaque formation and
promote coronary thrombosis. Smoking
can also increase the oxygen demand of
the heart muscle and decreases the ability
of blood to carry oxygen. (Lannywati
Ghani, et al., 2016)
Hypertension
Hypertension is one of the factors
riThe main siko for developing CHD.
Complications that occur in essential
hypertension is usually due to changes in
arterial and systemic arterial structure,
especially so in cases that are not treated.
At first there will be hypertrophy of the
tunica media, followed by local hialinisasi
fibrosis and thickening of the intima and
eventually narrowing blood pernbuluh.
The most dangerous is when the
myocardium, systemic arterial arteridan
coronary and cerebral arteries and blood
vessels of the kidney. Complications to the
heart due to hypertension is the most
frequent left ventricular failure, coronary
heart disease such as angina pectoris and
myocardial infarction.
Changes in particular hypertension on the
heart caused by:
1. Increased blood pressure. Increased
blood pressure is a heavy burden on the
heart, causing left ventricular hypertrophy
(myocardial factor). This situation depends
on the weight and length of hypertension.
2. Accelerate the onset of atherosclerosis.
High blood pressure and sedentary will
cause direct trauma to the coronary artery
blood vessel walls, thus facilitating the
occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis
(coronary factors). It causes angina
pectoris, coronary insufficiency and
myocardial infarction is more common in
people with hypertension than normal
people
3. The systolic blood pressure is thought to
have a greater influence. Incidence of
CHD in hypertension is common and is
directly associated with high systolic blood
pressure. (T. Bahri Anwar. 2004)