Citing and Referencing

• Annual reports
• Blogs
• TV and radio broadcast
• Images, videos film or sound
recording
• Databases (non-bibliographic)
 Annual reports - Print
Key points
To cite and reference an annual report you will generally have to use
the organisation’s name as an author name is usually not present.

Example citation
(eBay 2013) OR, if using a ‘direct quote’, (eBay 2013:8)

Reference elements
Name of company. (Year of publication) Title of annual report (in
italics). Place of publication: Publisher.

Example reference
eBay. (2011) Annual Report 2011. San Jose: eBay Inc.
 Annual reports - Online
Key points
If the online copy has page numbers, use the page number as this can
provide extra information to navigate the source.

Example citation
(Prada 2014) OR, if using a ‘direct quote’, (Prada 2013:online) IF the
online report has page numbers (Prada 2013:45)

Reference elements
Name of company. (Year of publication) Title of annual report (in italics).
[online] available from <URL> [Date accessed]

Example reference
Prada. (2014) Annual Report 2013. [online] available from
<http://www.pradagroup.com/system/pdf_ens/1523.pdf>
[5 December 2014]
 Blogs
Key points
You may need to make an appropriate title for the blog post if there isn’t
an obvious title

Example citation
(Gevinson 2014) OR, if using a ‘direct quote’, (Gevinson 2013:online)

Reference elements
Author name (Year of publication) Title of blog post (in italics). [exact
date of the blog] available from <URL> [Date accessed]

Example reference
Pfeiffer, A. (2014) How to dress like a French woman this winter. [4
December 2014] available from <http://www.theguardian.com/fashion-
blog/2014/dec> [5 December 2014]
 TV and radio broadcast
If you consume a radio or TV broadcast live, reference the broadcast in
the usual way

Example citation
(Daisy Lowe On Trends 2014)

Reference elements
title of the broadcast (in italics). (the year) the broadcasting station or
channel. [Give the exact date, followed by a comma and the time of the
broadcast] (in square brackets)

Example reference
Daisy Lowe On Trends. (2014) BBC3 [18 September 2014, 21:10]
In Our Time. (2014) Radio 4 [5 December September 2014, 21:30]
 TV and radio broadcast - online
If you consume a radio or TV broadcast online through a streaming
service, reference the broadcast in the usual way but add additional
information to enable your reader to access the material online

Example citation
(Daisy Lowe On Trends 2014)

Reference elements
title of the broadcast (in italics). (the year) the broadcasting station or
channel. [Give the exact date, followed by a comma and the time of the
broadcast] <full web address starting with> then the [date of access].

Example reference
Daisy Lowe On Trends (2014) BBC3 [18 September 2014, 21:10]
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b04tv0q0/Daisy-Lowe-On-
Trends-15> [21 November 2014]
 Images, videos film or sound recording
Key points
Reference the source as normal and give the format in square brackets [DVD] or
[CD] or [online]. If it is a DVD or a CD, after the format, give the place of release
followed by a colon (if there are many places just give the first) then the
production company.

Example citations
(The Strokes 2010) (Scott 1982) (Picasso 1907)

Reference elements
Name of artist, director or producers name (Year of release) Title of
image, film or recording (in italics). [format]

If available electronically add:

available from <URL> [Date accessed]
 Images, videos film or sound recording
Example reference
Williams, P. (2014) Happy [Download] available from
<https://itunes.apple.com/gb/artist/pharrell-williams/id14934728> [4
December 2014]

Scott, R. (1982) Blade Runner [DVD] United Kingdom: Warner Home

Video

Livingston, J. (1991) Paris Is Burning [online] available from

<https://www.netflix.com/gb/?nmrs=1417796096276> [4 December
2014]

Picasso, P. (1907) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon [online] available from

<http://www.newyork/art/slideshow-top-20-paintings-at-moma> [4
December 2014]
 Market research databases
• There is no definitive way in the CU Harvard guide on
how to set out a reference from databases such as
Passport, Fame or Mintel.

• The main thing to remember is to be consistent in how

you present the information, clear and professional
and try and follow the principles that other references
use.

• What follows is an example of how you might want to

set them out. Remember, the CU guide does NOT
have a set way, so this incorporates the spirit and
principles of the style.
 Citation example - Passport
The number of holidays taken by overseas
residents to the UK increased every year
between 2003 and 2011, before contracting
0.4% in 2012 (Euromonitor 2014:online).

Euromonitor reports that the number of holidays

taken by overseas residents to the UK
increased every year between 2003 and 2011,
before contracting 0.4% in 2012 (2014:online).
 Citation example - Mintel
The number of holidays taken by overseas residents to the UK increased
every year between 2003 and 2011, before contracting 0.4% in 2012
(Faughnan 2014:online).*

Faughnan reports that the number of holidays taken by overseas residents

to the UK increased every year between 2003 and 2011, before contracting
0.4% in 2012 (2014:online).*

*Mintel tends to have named analysts. If the analyst is named use their
name in the citation and reference and give Mintel as the source. e.g.

Faughnan, D. (2014) ‘Coffee - UK - August 2014’, Mintel [online] available from

<http://academic.mintel.com/display/679744/> [30 October 2014]

If no named person is given the use Mintel as both author and source e.g.

Mintel (2014) ‘Coffee - UK - August 2014’, Mintel [online] available from

<http://academic.mintel.com/display/679744/> [30 October 2014]
 Referencing example
Euromonitor (2014) ‘Hot Drinks: Market Sizes for
Australia and New Zealand’, Passport [online] available
from
<http://www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statistics/tab>
[30 October 2014]

Euromonitor is given as the Corporate author as

the data is from the company Euromonitor.
Passport is listed in italics it is the source.
 Referencing example
Euromonitor (2014) ‘Outerwear: Market Sizes for
Canada and USA’, Passport [online] available from
<http://www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/statistics/tab>
[30 October 2014]
 Referencing example
Euromonitor (2014) ‘Business Environment: Canada -
Country Briefing’, Passport [online] available from
<http://www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/analysis/ta>
[30 October 2014]
 Referencing example

Sender, T. (2014) ‘Beating the queues’, Mintel [online]

available from <http://academic.mintel.com/720973/>
[30 October 2014]
 Referencing example

Faughnan, D. (2014) ‘Coffee - UK - August 2014’, Mintel

[online] available from
<http://academic.mintel.com/display/679744/> [30
October 2014]
 Referencing example

Segal, H. (2014) ‘Inbound Tourism - UK - November

2014’, Mintel [online] available from
<http://academic.mintel.com/display/679684/>
[30 October 2014]