DOI Number: 10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02296.

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Children

Yunita Fauziah1, Ferry Efendi1, Ika Nur Pratiwi1, Gading Ekapuja Aurizki1
1
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
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of Preschool Behaviour Problem were used to assess the study variables. The data was analysed using
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Keywords:7HPSHU7DQWUXP6HOI(৽FDF\&KLOGUHQ+HDOWK

Introduction as uncontrolled emotions and aggressiveness. In

Temper tantrums are the most common behavioural
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the form of explosive anger indicated by behavioural
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parent or guardian. Temper tantrums are common in
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day.3 Abnormal temper tantrums are manifested by
tantrums that occur daily or not daily but with prolonged
duration of more than 5 minutes with aggressive
behaviour.4 Abnormal temper tantrums contribute many
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Corresponding Author:
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reported that their child had experienced temper
tantrums. The average tantrum begins between the
ages of 2 and 3 and stops before the age of 5 years. The
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5 to 10 minutes. Temper tantrums are experienced once
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of children.3 A study conducted in Indonesia shows that
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UHDFKHGRIUHVSRQGHQWV9 A study of Syam added
that 34.2% of the 38 parents reported could not control
the tantrums of their children.10
Parents are often unaware that they can allow the
occurrence of the tantrum in their children.11 Parents
6XUDED\D,QGRQHVLD ZLWKORZSDUHQWDOVHOIH൶FDF\36(DUHXVXDOO\XQVXUH
(PDLOIHUU\H#INSXQDLUDFLG of their own abilities as parents so that when the child
 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2019, Vol.10, No. 8 2799

WKURZVDWDQWUXPWKH\FDQQRWVKRZDSURSHUUHVSRQVH12 the PSE level and the Multidimensional Assessment of

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persistence in parenting.1 Parents who always follow
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RIWDQWUXPEHKDYLRXUZKHQWKHUHTXHVWLVUHMHFWHG7KH
children with strict protection and domination by their
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acting out a tantrum behaviour.10
Parents with high levels of PSE will display positive
parenting behaviours by building a healthy and fun
nurturing environment.13 7KH KLJK VHOIH൶FDF\ OHYHO
PDNHV WKH PRWKHU IXOO\ LQYROYHG LQ SHUIRUPLQJ KHU
role as a parent.14 Parents with a high PSE level also
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facing challenges during the parenting activities.15 This
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overcome the behaviour.
Parental behaviour in nurturing and educating
children is one of the main predictors of a temper
tantrum in children besides environmental factors
and characteristics of the children. PSE is the main
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score 0 meant never and 5 meant many times each day.20
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Results
Table 1 shows the demographic data of the
respondents. All respondents were female and the
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SDUHQWVLQIDFLQJDWHPSHUWDQWUXPZKLFKWKHQLQÀXHQFHV respondents were mostly high school graduates (55.2%).
the behaviour of the tantrum.18 Parents with high PSE 7KH PDMRULW\ ZHUH KRXVHZLYHV  )RUW\WZR
will be more responsive to all the needs of children during
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chosen by parents. Parents with a democratic parenting
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style tend to have children with normal temper tantrums
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and parents who apply an authoritarian parenting style
tend to have children with abnormal tantrums.10 Table 3 shows cross-tabulation between two
variables. The parents with high PSE level were 14
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with low category temper tantrums and 2 respondents
the purpose of this study was to identify the correlation
having children with temper tantrums in moderate
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children aged 2-5 years.
PSE level where 44 of those had children with low
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Method with moderate tantrums.

This study used a cross-sectional approach. The 6SHDUPDQ¶V UKR WHVW UHVXOW RQ 36( ZLWK WHPSHU
VWXG\LQYROYHGSDUHQWVRIVWXGHQWVRIWKUHHSUHVFKRRO tantrums in children aged 2-5 years obtained degree
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 2800 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2019, Vol.10, No. 8

fairly strong level of relationship between two variables. Conted…

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Occupation
there is an inverse correlation between the two variables.
So it can be inferred that the higher the parental self- 7UDGHU(QWUHSUHQHXU 10 10.4%
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children will be lower. &LYLOVHUYDQW 1 1%
Housewife  
Table 1: Demographic distribution of the Table 2: Children characteristics of the respondents
respondents (n = 96) (n = 96)
Characteristics n % Characteristics n %
Sex Sex
)HPDOH  100% Male  
Age )HPDOH  
20-25 years 18 18.8% Age
\HDUV 39  2 years old 11 11.5%
31-35 years 21 21.9% 3 years old 48 50.0%
\HDUV 18 18.8% 4 years old  38.5%
Education Order in family
Elementary School 10 10.4% 1st child  49%
Junior High School 30 31.3% 2nd child 29 30.2%
Senior High School 53 55.2% 3rd child  
&ROOHJH 3 3.1% 4th child 3 3.1%

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Temper Tantrums Frequency

Moderate Low Total
n % n % n %
High 2 2.1% 12 12.5% 14 
Parental Self-
Moderate 38  44 45.8% 82 85.4%
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Total 40   58.3%  100%
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Discussion
All respondents were mothers of the children. A
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fathers.21 ,Q DGGLWLRQ PRVW RI WKH UHVSRQGHQWV UHDFKHG
senior high school education. The level of education is
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The parents with lower health literacy will also have
lower PSE.227KHPRWKHUVVHOIH൶FDF\DOVRFDQEHUDLVHG
by providing proper education for the mothers.23 Most
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tend to have limited time to interact with their children
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will lead to the better the status of development and
behaviours shown by the child.$OVRPDWHUQDOVHOI
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and social support.±
The subscale of discipline in children is closely
related to the parenting pattern that parents follow in
 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2019, Vol.10, No. 8 2801

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authoritarian attitudes and disciplines. In authoritarian 6DPSOH3V\FKRO5HS±
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cause tension and discomfort that allows the occurrence Developmental Parameters of Temper Loss in
of chaos in the house. It is supported by a study which (DUO\&KLOGKRRG,PSOLFDWLRQVIRUGHYHORSPHQWDO
mentions that parenting patterns are related to the incidence SV\FKRSDWKRORJ\ - &KLOG 3V\FKRO 3V\FKLDWU\
of temper tantrums.10 Parents with authoritarian parenting
have children with uncontrolled temper tantrums more
than parents with democratic parenting.
Conclusion
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Tantrums in Preschoolers with Disruptive
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The study concludes that the PSE level for most
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temper tantrums of most children is in a low category.
There is a strong correlation between the PSE and
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means the inverse correlation between the two variables.
Preschool programs are expected to establish and
run a parenting class program to increase parenting
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building programs that shape the characteristics of
children to prevent temper tantrums.
Ethical Clearance: This study has passed ethical
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Source of Funding: Self-funded.
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dan Bagaimana Mengatasinya. Informasi. <RUN5RVHWWD%RRNV
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developmental parameters of temper loss in infant development. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2004
early childhood: implications for developmental -XO±
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