University of Languages and International Studies, VNU Hanoi

FACULTY OF LINGUISTICS AND CULTURES OF ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES

Division of Country Studies

INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH & AMERICAN STUDIES

GUIDELINES FOR REVIEWING THE COURSE

STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL EXAM

The final exam would last 70 minutes. It consists of two compulsory parts and one experimental
element.
The first compulsory part (Part 1/ 5 points) estimates your ability to understand common
references and conversations about the UK and the US. It includes short questions about the
course’s key concepts and facts.
The second compulsory part (Part 2/ 5 points) mobilizes your in-depth understanding of a
socio-political and cultural phenomenon in the UK or the US as well as your capacity to produce
clear and effective written English. It asks you to write a short essay of 300 words to address one
or some of the issues discussed in the seminars.
You can choose whether to respond to the experimental element, which elicits your
interpretation of figurative expressions related to the course contents. If your response is of good
quality as judged by the examiners, you will receive a bonus point.

SAMPLE TEST

PART 1
Section 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each of the following questions (1.5 points)

1. Which definition BEST describes nation-building?

A. The process of drawing new borders for countries
B. The effort to build a sense of national identity among citizens
C. Conquering a neighboring nation
D. Giving sovereign power to a different group of people

2. What does Victorian Era mean to British history?

A. The shortest and poorest era
B. The era of flourishing development in many fields
C. The era in which new modern lifestyle is popular
D. The era of the only queen so far

3. Britain is described as having a ‘two-party’ system because _______________ .

A. there are only two parties in the Parliament
 B. the government only accepts votes from members of the two main parties
C. the two main parties occupy almost all the seats in the House of Commons
D. under the current electoral system, only two parties can have MPs

4. What was the name of the secessionist faction of the Civil War?
A. The Union
B. The Confederate States of America
C. The United States of America
D. The Free Southern Territories

5. Which of the following notions shows Americans’ belief in competition?

A. Acquiring a large number of material possessions is of great importance.
B. Receiving financial support from charity, family, or the government is never admired.
C. Moving about from place to place is a common and accepted practice.
D. Much of life is seen as a race for success, and everyone is entitled to enter and win.
Section 2: Decide whether these statements are TRUE or FALSE (1 point)

6. The initial response of the U.S. government to the outbreak of both World Wars was maintaining a
neutral policy. (T)

7. Britain has an unwritten constitution.(T)

8. From 1945 until 1980, the general trend in the UK was for the state to have less and less control over
economic planning.(F)

9. Currently, manufacturing is a key driver of British GDP growth.(F)

Section 3: Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE words (1.5 points)

10. ________The Parliament____________ is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom which
includes the Crown, House of Lords and House of Commons.

11. ______Seperation of powers______________ refers to the idea that the major institutions of state
should be functionally independent and that no individual should have powers that span these offices.

12. The intention of the 1944 Education Act in England and Wales was to provide _________universal
and free___________ state primary and secondary education.

13. An election for President of the United States occurs ____every 4 years________________ on
Election Day, held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

14. The Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision struck down the principle of
____________seperate-but-equal________ education facilities for the races in 1954.
Section 4: Briefly answer the following questions in ONE or TWO sentences (1 point)

15. What is educationalization? Educationalization can be used as the focal point for addressing or
solving larger human problems
16. Why is it said that the Americans vote for their national leader indirectly?

PART 2

Section 5: Write an essay of about 300 words on ONE of the following issues (5 points)
Issue 1: Democracy is a Western concept, generally understood as the power or the rule of the people.
Elaborate on how different aspects of democracy work in the UK or the US. Your essay should include
examples of real-life democratic practices in the country.
Issue 2: Discuss the extent to which advocacy for Brexit or Trump’s presidency has featured economic
reasoning as well as implicated identity politics and nationalism. Provide illustrations to strengthen your
answer.

PART 3 (OPTIONAL)

Section 6: Write ONE or TWO sentences to interpret the following figurative expression (1 point)

Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/16114511143796834/
Scotland wants to leave the UK because of Brexit

----------------------------------- END OF THE TEST--------------------------------------

REVIEW QUESTIONS
PART 1
Instead of providing ready-made short questions to appear in the real exam, this review
guidelines only offer suggestions that will be used to develop the questions in Part 1. Some of the
suggestions might seem about trivialities; however, from the course designers’ perspective, these
details are among those defining the events, periods, or processes at hand. See the sample test to
have a sense of the kinds of question you will encounter in the real exam.
Organizing Concepts
● What is a nation?
- Consists of a distinct population of people that are bound together by a common culture,
history, and tradition who are typically concentrated within a specific geographic region.

● What is national identity? Is a way of unifying cultural diversity so that, rather than
thinking of nations and national cultures as a “whole”, we should understand unity or
identity to be the consequence of discursive power that covers over difference. National
identity involves identification with representations of shared experiences and history as
told through stories, literatures, popular culture and the media.
● What is a state? A state is a political unit that has sovereignty over an area of territory and
the people within it.

● What is a nation-state? Distinguish nation-state from other forms of social organization

such as tribe, city-state, empire, theocracy, etc.

A nation- state is a specific form of sovereign state ( a political entity on a

territory that is guided by a nation, and which derives its legitimacy from
successfully serving all its citizens. The nation state implies that a nation and a
state coincide.
History of the UK & the US
General understanding
● What is historiography? It is the study of how historians develop history, and by
extension any body of historical work on a particular subject
● What are some possible ways to mark the beginning of the history of the UK?
The history of the UK starts with the first Homo sapiens who arrived in the region during the Ice
Age
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
● Why is it possible to say that the most popular version of the history of the US is
Eurocentric? The history of the US starts with the first Europeans who reached North
America around the year 1000.
Formation of the UK
● What did the Treaty of Union in 1707 do? In 1707, the Treaty of Union joined the
Scottish and the English Parliaments creating the single Kingdom of Great Britain and
centralizing political power in London
● What did the Acts of Union 1800 do? In 1800, the Acts of Union merged the Kingdoms
of Great Britain and Ireland.
American Revolution
● What was the American Revolution about?
The American Revolution (1775-83) is also known as the American Revolutionary
War and the U.S. War of Independence. The conflict arose from growing tensions
between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial
government, which represented the British crown. Skirmishes between British troops
and colonial militiamen in Lexington and Concord in April 1775 kicked off the armed
conflict, and by the following summer, the rebels were waging a full-scale war for
their independence. France entered the American Revolution on the side of the
colonists in 1778, turning what had essentially been a civil war into an international
conflict. After French assistance helped the Continental Army force the British
surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had effectively won their
independence, though fighting would not formally end until 1783.
● The Boston Tea Party (1773) was a significant event in the growth of the American
Revolution and later became an iconic event of American history. What prompted the
event? How did it happen? -That England imposed new taxes and expected Americans to
lodge British soldiers in their homes prompted the event. - The process of this event: in
1773 a group of patriots responded by staging the Boston Tea Party. Disguised as
Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and dumped 342 crates of tea into Boston
harbor. -> a crackdown by the British Parliament, including the closing of Boston harbor
to shipping. Colonial leaders convened the First Continental Congress in 1774 to discuss
the colonies opposition to British rule War broke out on April 19, 1775, when British
soldiers confronted colonial rebels in Lexington, Massachusetts. On July 4, 1776, the
Continental Congress adopted a Declaration of Independence.

● During what years was the American Revolutionary War fought? 1775-1783
● What are some of the major contents of the Declaration of Independence? Who was its
main author? In what year was it adopted? the Declaration of Independence was adopted
on July 4, 1776 and its principal author was Thomas Jefferson
● What did the Peace of Paris in 1783 do? England recognized American independence
The Victorian Era
● When did the Victorian era start and end? 1837- 1901
● Name three key features of the era.
- Britain becomes the most powerful and the richest
- witnessed the progress of science by leaps and bounds.
- Culture, as well as architecture, flourished during this period.
American Civil War
● Name the major debate that motivated the American Civil War.
- The question of whether slavery would be legal in the western territories
● During what years was the Civil War fought? 1861-1865
● What were the two opposing forces in the American Civil War?
- The Union and the Confederate States Of America
● What was the name of the secessionist faction of the Civil War?the Confederate States
● Who was the President of the US at that time?
- Abraham Lincoln
● The Civil War resolved two matters that vexed Americans since 1776. What are they?
- They are: + put an end to slavery
+ Decide that the country was not a collection of semi-independent states but an indivisible
whole
World War I
World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the
War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe. It was one of the deadliest
conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many
of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries still extant at the end of the conflict contributed to
the start of the World War II only twenty-one years later.
● During what years was the war fought? 1914-1918
● How did the UK enter World War I? Victoria's numerous children married into many
different European Royal families, The alliances between these related monarchs
escalated into the Great War wwI from 1914-1918. It began when Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo, and Austria declared war on Serbia,
which in turn was allied to France, Russia and the UK.

● How did the US enter World War I? When World War I erupted in Europe in 1914,
President Woodrow Wilson urged a policy of strict American neutrality.
Germany's declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare against all ships bound
for Allied ports undermined that position. When Congress declared on Germany in
1917, the American army was a force of only 200,000 soldiers.
● Who was the US president during the war?President Woodrow Wilson
● Did the US join the League of Nations? No
American First Red Scare
 ● What prompted the 1919–1920 Red Scare in the US? (Causes of the Red Scare: many
in the United States feared recent immigrants and dissidents, particularly those who
embraced communist, socialist, or anarchist ideology.)
Causes of the Red Scare
During the Red Scare of 1919 - 1920, many in the United States feared recent immigrants and dissidents,
particularly those who embraced communist, socialist, or anarchist ideology. The causes of the Red
Scare included:

● World War I, which led many to embrace strong nationalistic and anti-immigrant sympathies;
● The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, which led many to fear that immigrants, particularly from
Russia, southern Europe, and eastern Europe, intended to overthrow the United States
government;
● The end of World War I, which caused production needs to decline and unemployment to rise.
Many workers joined labor unions. Labor strikes, including the Boston Police Strike in September
1919, contributed to fears that radicals intended to spark a revolution;
● Self-proclaimed anarchists' mailing bombs to prominent Americans, including United States
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and United States Supreme Court Associate Justice (and
former Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice) Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
First-wave Feminism,

First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought, that occurred within the time
period of the 19th and early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on legal issues,
primarily on gaining women's suffrage (the right to vote).

● When did women in the UK and the US first have the right to vote?1920
Roaring Twenties
The Roaring Twenties was a period of sustained economic prosperity with a distinctive
cultural edge in the US and Western Europe, particularly in major cities such as Berlin, Chicago,
London, Los Angeles, New York City, Paris, and Sydney.
● What war ended right before the start of the Roaring Twenties? World War I
● What is often said about the spirit of the Roaring Twenties?The spirit of the Roaring
Twenties was marked by a general feeling of novelty associated with modernity and a break with
traditions.
● In the US, what style of music became popular during the Roaring Twenties? jazz
● What event brought the Roaring Twenties to a grinding halt? Stock market crash
The Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place
mostly during the 1930s, originating in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression
varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until 1941. It was the
longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century.
● What were some of the major causes of the Great Depression?
The effects of the Great Depression were huge across the world. Not only did it lead to the New Deal
in America but more significantly, it was a direct cause of the rise of extremism in Germany leading
to World War II.

1. Stock Market Crash of 1929

Many believe erroneously that the stock market crash that occurred on Black Tuesday, October 29,
1929 is one and the same with the Great Depression. In fact, it was one of the major causes that led
to the Great Depression. Two months after the original crash in October, stockholders had lost more
than $40 billion dollars. Even though the stock market began to regain some of its losses, by the end
of 1930, it just was not enough and America truly entered what is called the Great Depression.

2. Bank Failures

Throughout the 1930s over 9,000 banks failed. Bank deposits were uninsured and thus as banks
failed people simply lost their savings. Surviving banks, unsure of the economic situation and
concerned for their own survival, stopped being as willing to create new loans. This exacerbated the
situation leading to less and less expenditures.

3. Reduction in Purchasing Across the Board

With the stock market crash and the fears of further economic woes, individuals from all classes
stopped purchasing items. This then led to a reduction in the number of items produced and thus a
reduction in the workforce. As people lost their jobs, they were unable to keep up with paying for
items they had bought through installment plans and their items were repossessed. More and more
inventory began to accumulate. The unemployment rate rose above 25% which meant, of course,
even less spending to help alleviate the economic situation.

4. American Economic Policy with Europe

As businesses began failing, the government created the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930 to help protect
American companies. This charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between
America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation.

5. Drought Conditions
While not a direct cause of the Great Depression, the drought that occurred in the Mississippi Valley
in 1930 was of such proportions that many could not even pay their taxes or other debts and had to
sell their farms for no profit to themselves. The area was nicknamed “The Dust Bowl.” This was the
topic of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath.

● What was the New Deal in the US? What were the key contents of the New Deal?
In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt became President. Roosevelt thought the federal government
should help end the Depression. He promised to give the people a “new deal” by creating
programs to help them.

The New Deal President Roosevelt soon started government programs to give food and shelter to
the needy. These programs were known as the New Deal. The Civilian Conservation Corps, or
CCC, gave people jobs that conserved, or protected, the natural environment. CCC workers
planted trees and cleared hiking trails.
The Tennessee Valley Authority, or TVA, gave people jobs building dams on the Tennessee
River. These dams created hydroelectricity for rural areas. The dams also prevented floods. The
Works Progress Administration, or WPA, gave people jobs building streets, parks, libraries, and
schools.
These New Deal programs helped all Americans and gave jobs to millions of people. Many New
Deal programs continue today. The Social Security Act provides money to people who are over
65 years old or who have disabilities.
The New Deal made regulations to try to prevent another depression. Federal bank regulations
protect people’s savings accounts. Another regulation protects workers by setting a national
minimum wage.
By 1939, many Americans still did not have jobs, but the economy was improving. Since
Roosevelt’s presidency, the federal government has been a bigger part of Americans’ lives.
World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World
War, was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million
people from over 30 countries. The war led to the formation of two opposing military alliances,
the Allies and the Axis, and a new world order.
● In what years was the war fought? 1939-1945
● How did the UK enter World War II? Uk were forced to declare war on Germany after
the invasion of Poland in September 1939
● Who was the British Prime Minister during the war? Winston Churchill
 ● How did the US enter World War II? The bombing of Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii
by the Japaneses in December 1941 brought US into the war
● What happened to the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9,
1945, respectively? President Harry Truman ordered the use of atomic bombs against the
cities
● Name the conference where the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were established. Bretton Woods
Conference
● Name the conference where the United Nations was formulated and negotiated among
international leaders. The Dumbarton Oaks Conference
UK Decolonization
● Describe the UK’s policy towards its colonies after World War II.
- Imposed new taxes
-
Cold War
● What does Cold War refer to? refers to the uneasy peace between the U.S and the
soviet Union starting after WWII; the two nations did not actually fight each other,
but exchanged harsh words and ideologies
● When did the Cold War start and end? 1947 – 1991
American Second Red Scare
● What does the American Second Red Scare refer to?
The Second Red Scare (1947-1957) was a fear-driven phenomenon brought on by the growing
power of communist countries in the wake of the Second World War, particularly the Soviet Union.
Many in the U.S. feared that the Soviet Union and its allies were planning to forcefully spread
communism around the globe, overthrowing both democratic and capitalist institutions as it went.
With the Soviet Union occupying much of Eastern and Central Europe, many in the U.S. perceived
their fears of communist expansionism as confirmed. The U.S. also feared that communist agents
had infiltrated the federal government. A massive witch hunt to root out communist sympathizers
ensued.
The Red Scare phenomenon has occurred twice in U.S history. The First Red Scare (1919-1921)
was fueled by Americans’ fears that the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia would spread to the United
States. The Second Red Scare was perpetuated by a number of high-profile domestic and
international events, including the Rosenburg trial, the victory of communist forces in the Chinese
Civil War, the creation of the “Iron Curtain,” the advent of Soviet nuclear weapons capabilities, and
the Korean War.

Vietnam/American War
● By 1969 the US forces in Vietnam totaled almost 550,000 individuals. Who was the US
president during the escalation of the War from 1963 to 1969? Lyndon B. Johnson
 ● Who was the US president that pursued a policy of Vietnamization, which gradually
replaced American soldiers with Vietnamese? Richard Nixon
Jim Crow Era
● What were Jim Crow laws?Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial
segregation in the Southern United States.
American Civil Rights Movement
● What were the goals and achievements of the Civil Rights Movement that happened
between 1954 and 1968 in the US?The goal was to gain equal rights for African-American
people
Second-wave Feminism
● As a period of feminist activity, when is the wave thought to have first begun in the US?
How did it differ from the first-wave feminism?

War on Terror
● According to US President George W. Bush and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, what
was the mission of the 2003 invasion of Iraq?
● The Iraq Inquiry (also referred to as the Chilcot Inquiry) was a British public inquiry into
the nation's role in the Iraq War in 2003. What are some of the key conclusions of the
inquiry?
National Beliefs and Values
● What does the phrase “a city upon the hill” refer to?The phrase "a city upon a hill"
refers to those who are forging a new path and are examples to others in the way
they live and function.
● What is the American Dream?The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States,
the set of ideals (democracy, rights, liberty, opportunity and equality) in which freedom
includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, as well as an upward social mobility for
the family and children, achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers.
● What is American exceptionalism?-a belief that the US is superior to all other countries
● What are some examples of American exceptionalism?
Political Systems
● Describe the political systems of the UK & the US in terms of constitution, form of
government, branches of government, political parties, and election.

UK US

Constitution There is no single written document It was first written about 200 years
which can be appealed to as the highest ago
 law of land and the final arbiter in any
matter of dispute

Form of Constitutional Monarchy Representative democracy

government

Branches of The executive, the legislature and the Legislative, executive and judicial
government judiciary branch

Political Having a “two-party system”: the ruling -the Democratic and Republican
parties party and the opposite party Parties
(labor and conservative)

election Every part of the Uk choose MPS An election for the President occurs
through general election every 5 years. every 4 years on Election Day
The party that wins the most seats in the
House of Commons at GE forms the new
government and its leader becomes PM.

● What is a constitution? a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according

to which a state or other organization is governed
● What is a constitutional monarchy? It is a country governed by a king or a queen who
accepts the advice of parliament.
● What is a parliamentary democracy? It is a country whose government is controlled by
Parliament which has been elected by the people
● What is a representative democracy? is a variety of democracy founded on the principle of elected
officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy.
● How are powers divided in American federalism?
● What does ‘separation of powers’ refer to? Refers to the idea that the major institutions of
state should be functionally independent and that no individual should have powers that
span these offices.
● What is a bill? -a bill is a proposal for a new law or a change to an existing one
Economic Systems
● What is a free enterprise system? Is a system which allows private business the freedom
to operate for profit with minimum government interference and regulation
● Name four or five economic activity sectors that are usually present in descriptions of a
nation’s economy. Manufacturing, services, heavy industry and agriculture
● What can be said about the shift in the growth pattern of economic sectors during the end
of the 20th century in the UK and the US?
● In the context of the UK, the decline of which sector is a major concern? Manufacturing
 ● Describe the shifts of how the government in the UK has intervened in economic life.
Although British governments have historically tended to be somewhat laissez
faire in economic matters, they became much involved in economic planning from
the 1940s, and the performance of the economy has been increasingly tied to their
fiscal, monetary and political policies.
● When did the state become much more involved in economic planning and nationalize
industries? 1940s
-When did the trend start going in the other direction?1980
● Describe the current pattern of mixed economy of public and private sectors in the UK.
● Describe the situation of budget deficit in the UK and the US.
● What does the devaluation of a country’s currency mean?reducing the currency’s
exchange value
● When did the global financial crisis happen?2007 What have been some of the
symptoms/ consequences of the global financial crisis?-enormous budget deficit and
devaluation
Education Systems
● What is educationalization?
- Educationalization can be used as the general concept to identify the overall orientation
or trend toward thinking about education as the focal point for addressing or solving
larger human problems.
● According to David Labaree (1997), what are the three goals of the American education
system?
- Democratic equality
- Social efficiency
- Social mobility
Illustrate each goal with examples of educational practices in the US.
● How did the 1944 Education Act Change the education system in England and Wales? It
reorganized state primary and secondary schools in England and Wales
● Progressive education is a pedagogical movement that began in the late nineteenth
century and has persisted in various forms to the present. What was/were characteristic of
progressive education?
- 1). Respect for diversity( abilities, interests, ideas, needs, and cultural identity)
- 2, the development of critical, socially engaged intelligence,
● What is the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education case? Struck down the
principle of separate-but-equal education facilities for races
 ● In the US, what is affirmative action in education? To improve women’s and minority
groups’ access to education
● What are the features of No Child Left Behind?
CLB legislation is based on five core principles: (1) strong accountability for results; (2)
expanded flexibility and local control of schools; (3) an emphasis on teaching methods
based on scientific research; (4) expanded options for parents, particularly those whose
children attend low-performing schools; and (5) highly qualified teachers.

PART 2
Essay Question 1
Democracy is a Western concept, generally understood as the power or the rule of the people. It
has found its way into modern systems of government that are formed by the whole population
or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. To prevent
dictatorship, the separation of powers is another principle built in the constitution of
democracies. Democracies function on the rule of law, the legal principle that law should govern
a nation, as opposed to being governed by decisions of individual government officials.
However, it is also important acknowledge that democracy is not only about how a political
system is organized but also about how the people can make visible their collective power
whether they are allowed by the state. Write an essay of 300 words to elaborate on how different
aspects of democracy work in the UK or the US. Your essay should include examples of real-life
democratic practices in the country.
OUTLINE:
-DEMOCRACY OF THE UK:
-Parliamentary democracy
-the people of the UK choose MPs through general election. The political that wins the most
seats in the House of Commons forms the new government and its leader becomes Prime
Minister
-DEMOCRACY OF THE US:
-Representative democracy:all government power rests ultimately with the people who direct
policies by voting for representatives
-President is elected by the people nominate the ministers
-EXAMPLES: DEMOCRACY IN THE COUNTRY

Essay Question 2
As many (not all) supporters of Brexit or Trump care about how their nation and they themselves
are performing economically, they think strict national borders should be maintained so as to
protect their group’s economic interests. This prompt invites you to write an essay of 300 words
on the extent to which advocacy for Brexit or Trump’s presidency has featured economic
reasoning as well as implicated identity politics and nationalism.
OUTLINE: IN FAVOR OF BREXIT OR TRUMP’S PRESIDENCY
-ECONOMY REASONING:
+ limit business competition
-POLITICS:
+Prevent terrorism
+limit state budget for supporting refugees
-NATIONALISM:
+avoid racial discrimination
+prevent religious conflicts
Essay Question 3
The education system is seen as both the result of and solution to social problems. Use examples
from the course to elaborate your understanding of the statement.
● The result
- Students who drop out of school tend to end up in the jail ( the cost for taking care if the
prisoners is the same as the cost for educating a child through his/ her schooling)
- Students graduate from student without the diploma, artificial, and skills =>
unemployment, poverty
- Violent student behaviour (For example, schools conduct monthly examinations to assess
the student's progress and due to this they are subjected to undue stress that leads to acts
of violence being committed at school.)
● The solution:
-more and more people become educated, common society issues will soon be decreasing .
-Do more training courses for people who do not have conditions to go to school

PART 3

Below are just some figurative expressions that invite your interpretation.
“America is not a place. It’s a dream.” ~ Clotaire Rapaille
 The UK leaves EU
Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/78883430948269518/
 The imbalanced budget deficit of the uk
Source:

In 2014, while manufacture declined, financial services of the UK strongly developed

Source: https://bambooinnovator.com/2013/12/29/britain-must-look-beyond-london-and-put-
faith-in-manufacturing/

Canada welcomes refugees from the US

Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/330662797626657894/

President Trump enacts the travel ban order for people from Muslims countries
Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/548383692112734469/

it is ironic how the man says welcome to the land of the free when in the
process of immigration the man told them they would be monitored all the time
when supposedly it is the land of "the free".
Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/575897871079733739/

Source: http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs168/1109485758145/archive/1110703396417.html
In 1960, US students had to take responsible for their own academic results, but until 2010
teachers are blamed for students’ bad school results
 The segregation back to haunt US kids
Source: http://otherwords.org/segregation_ghost/