DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (DC)

Subject Code: 14EC502 Credits : 04

Hrs/Week: 4 +(1-Tuto) Total Hours: 52
Task 1- Assignment (2) + Surprise Test (3)
Task 2- Quiz(5)
TEXT BOOKS:

***T1. Simon Haykin, “Digital Communication”, Wiley, Second Edition,

2014.
T2. Proakis and Salehi, “Fundamentals of Communication
Engineering”, Pearson Education, First Edition, 2007.

REFERENCE BOOK:
R1. Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communications”, Pearson, Second Edition,
2005.
 Course Outcomes
• After studying this subject, the student should be able to understand:
– The basic sampling theorem, Reconstruction of the signal from samples.
– Types of signal distortion in sampling and Generation of natural and flat top
samples.
– Pulse amplitude modulation and Time division multiplexing.
– Geometric interpretation of signals, Correlation receiver and Matched filter
receiver
– Maximum likelihood estimation.
– Different types of Waveform Coding Techniques- PCM, DPCM, DM.
– Base-band shaping for data transmission.
– ISI and its solutions, Nyquist’s criterion, Correlative coding.
– Coherent and Non-coherent digital modulation techniques, Coherent
Quadrature modulation techniques.
– Need for Spread Spectrum, Pseudo Noise sequences, Direct Sequence spread
spectrum, Frequency Hop spread spectrum.
 Communication-Basics
• The purpose of a Communication System is to transport an information bearing
signal from a source to a user -destination via a communication channel.

The three basic elements of every communication systems are Transmitter, Receiver
and Channel.
The Overall purpose of this system is to transfer information from one point (called
Source) to another point, the user destination.
 Difference between Analog and Digital Signals
Signal Analog signal is a continuous signal which represents Digital signals are discrete time signals generated by digital
physical measurements. modulation.

Waves Denoted by sine waves Denoted by square waves

Representation Uses continuous range of values to represent information Uses discrete or discontinuous values to represent information
(Binary 0and 1)
Example Human voice in air, analog electronic devices. Computers, CDs, DVDs, and other digital electronic devices.

Technology Analog technology records waveforms as they are. Samples analog waveforms into a limited set of numbers and
records them.

Data Subjected to deterioration by noise during transmission and Can be noise-immune without deterioration during transmission
transmissions write/read cycle. and write/read cycle.

Response to More likely to get affected reducing accuracy Less affected since noise response are analog in nature
Noise
Flexibility Analog hardware is not flexible. Digital hardware is flexible in implementation.

Uses Can be used in analog devices only. Best suited for audio Best suited for Computing and digital electronics.
and video transmission.
Applications Thermometer PCs, PDAs
Bandwidth Analog signal processing can be done in real time and There is no guarantee that digital signal processing can be done in
consumes less bandwidth. real time and consumes more bandwidth to carry out the same
information.

Memory Stored in the form of wave signal Stored in the form of binary bit
Power Analog instrument draws large power Digital instrument draws only negligible power

Cost Low cost and portable Cost is high and not easily portable
 Types of Communication
• Communication Systems are divided into 2
categories:
1. Analog Communication Systems are designed
to transmit analog information using analog
modulation methods.
2. Digital Communication Systems are designed
for transmitting digital information using
digital modulation schemes
Advantages of Digital Communication (1)
Advantages of Digital Communication (2)
Demerits of Digital Communication
 ADC
• PCM is one of the most commonly used method to convert analog data into digital form. It
involves three steps:
• Sampling V
• Quantization
• Encoding.
t
According to Nyquist
Theorem, the
sampling rate must be
fs= 2*fmax

Quantization is approximation of the

instantaneous analog value.
In encoding, each approximated value is then
converted into binary format.
Elements in Digital Communication System
(1)
Discrete
TRANSMITTER Channel

Digital

NOISE

Digital

RECEIVER
Elements in Digital Communication System
(2)
Source of Information:
1. Analog Information Sources → Microphone
actuated by a speech, TV Camera scanning a
scene, continuous amplitude signals.
2. Digital Information Sources → These are teletype
or the numerical output of computer which
consists of a sequence of discrete symbols or
letters.
• An Analog information is transformed into a
discrete information through the process of
sampling and quantizing and encoding .
Elements in Digital Communication System
(3)
Elements in Digital Communication System
(4)
Elements in Digital Communication System
(5)

Coherent or Non-Coherent Detectors

 Channel (Wired or Wireless)
• Wired: Co-axial cable- Electrical Signals, Optical Fiber Cable-Light
Signals
• Wireless : Air is the medium, signals-EM waves
Types of channel
Telephone channel
Co-axial Cable

274 Mbps
Optical Fiber Cable(1)
Optical Fiber Cable(2)
Microwave Radio Channel
Satellite Channel(1)
Satellite Channel(2)