CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Rationale

This study addresses the various perceptions of security measures of

selected barangay in Davao City as it relates to the police visibility, crime
prevention and public safety. Objectively, to determine variation in terms of
age, gender and educational attainment of the respondents.

Security is one of the things that every individual expects in its

immediate community. Security is a feeling, according to Shehayeb, 2013.
She stated that “The importance of providing a sense of security among
people in public spaces cannot be underestimated.” Hence, there is a need
for the maintenance of peace and order in the community to provide a secure
feeling as well as safety for the residents. In an intensified drive against
criminality, police security measures certainly play a big role in maintaining
peace and order. The mere presence of a policeman in a busy area could
always deter a criminal from pulling off his trade. That is why police security
measures, even in remotest areas, has become an essentially part of police
routine to prevent lawlessness.

In a study held in Philadelphia, foot patrol may be considered a good

way to decrease crime related concerns if it is intelligence-lead. In other
words, foot patrol effectiveness in handling security will be more guarantied if
the selection of target areas in foot patrol is thoroughly studied. The findings
show that there is a decrease of violent crimes; however, the decrease does
not suggest that it completely deter crimes (Ratcliffe 2014 p. 795-831). So,
even though it is not the best solution in preventing crime related violence,
foot patrols can still decrease crime.

The Philippines, being a developing country, is not exempted from

occurrences of crimes. Newspapers and television news updates are loaded
with all sorts of “misbehavior”: murder, rape, theft, robbery and others.
1
Sanidad Leones (2014) stated that crime rates are higher in poorer
neighborhoods and in areas with higher population density, deteriorated living
conditions and many unemployed members of the labor force. Following the
pattern of other countries, rapid urbanization, industrialization and migration to
the cities are major factors that contribute to higher crime rates in Philippine
urban centers.

In a column written by Bermudez (2013) of the Mindanao Tribune, he

stated that despite the much-ballyhooed iron-fist and iron-hearted approach to
criminality in Davao City, there is no denying that criminals continue to do their
thing like there is no tomorrow. Illegal drugs remain to be a problem, and
street crimes happen like they happen in other cities of the country. PNP
Crime Statistics (2013) show that there was a steady drop in crime rates from
108 per 100,000 people in 2002 to 69 in 2007. It slightly increased the
following year to 75 but took a large jump to 552 in 2009, due to changes in
the crime reporting system of the PNP. In 2010, the average monthly crime
rate was 28.2. This means that for every 100,000 people, there were around
28 incidents of crime every month. This declined in 2011 to 20.9 and was
further reduced to 18.9 in 2012.

The barangay being the basic units of the local government plays an
important role in the development of the nation. The status of peace and order
in a barangay illuminate that of the country, and a peaceful barangay is a
peaceful country. In which, this study will provide an avenue to discuss the
community perception of selected Barangay towards their community security
and safety.

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to determine the perception on security

measure of selected barangay in Davao City. Specifically, it sought to answer
the following questions:

1. What are the perception on security measure of selected

barangay in Davao City terms of:

2
 1.1 Police Visibility,
1.2 Crime Prevention, and
1.3 Public Safety

2. Is there a significant difference on perception on security

measure of selected barangays in Davao City when analyzed
according to:
2.1 Age,
2.2 Sex, and
2.3 Educational attainment

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the perception on security measure

of selected barangay in Davao City when analyzed by its profile.

Review of Related Literature

This review of selected literature presents information related to the

different concepts and ideas of different authors and government institutions
that are relevant to the research problem and worth served as the theoretical
foundation of this study.

Police Visibility

The police are the first line of defense against crime. It has been
concluded that crime will be reduced if the number of police will be increased.
The PNP has targeted a 1:700 police-to- population ratio in 2010; 1:600 in
2020; and 1:500 in 2030. The actual police-to-population ratio for 2010 was
registered at 1:662, better than the target. With the hiring of additional police
officers, the ratio has further improved to 1:620 as of March 2013. However,
the Philippines still fares poorly compared to its Asian neighbors. Given this,
police presence across the archipelago is being intensified through
community support, tourism, and other interventions to fight and prevent
crime.

3
 Police can improve public opinion by increasing their informal contacts
with citizens. According to a survey of Los Angeles residents’ opinions of
police job performance and officers’ demeanor, police can increase residents’
approval of their job performance by participating in community meetings,
increasing officers’ visibility in neighborhoods, and talking with citizens.
(Kaplan et al, 2010).

There has not been much work done on the relationship between
police visibility, perceptions of crime and attitudes toward the police. While
Zamble and Annesley (2011) failed to find a significant relationship between
perceptions of crime and individuals' assessments of police performance,
other researchers have linked perception of low levels of crime with reduced
levels of fear. Similarly, Trojanowicz (2016) and Bennett (2012) drew the same
conclusion in their studies of police and levels of fear. These findings suggest
that perceptions of crime and police visibility may indirectly affect attitudes
toward the police by reducing or increasing levels of fear through immediate
apprehension of suspected criminals.

Zamble and Annesley (2011) said that failure to find a significant

relationship between perceptions of crime and individuals' assessments of
police performance, other researchers have linked perception of low levels of
crime with reduced levels of fear. Correlational studies in the US have also
found that police presence on the streets is associated with feelings of safety.
In a quasi-experimental study of foot patrol in Newark, New Jersey; Pate et al.
(2012) found that an increase in the number of foot patrols resulted in
residents feeling less fearful. Bennett (2012) drew the same conclusion in
their studies of police and levels of fear. These findings suggest that
perceptions of crime and police visibility may indirectly affect attitudes toward
the police by reducing or increasing levels of fear.

Reviews of the best evidence of ‘what works’ in policing to reduce

crime have highlighted that visible police patrol can reduce crime, but only if it
is specifically targeted to crime hotspots (high crime locations). One trial 1,
carried out in the Minneapolis Police Department, tested the impact of
directed police patrols in crime hotspots at ‘hot times’. Over a ten-month
4
period, 55 experimental hotspots received twice as much police patrol as a
similar number of control hotspots. The study found that crime and disorder
reduced significantly in the experimental hotspots compared with the control
areas (Sherman &Weisburd, 2010).

Importantly, police visibility through foot patrol was used by the police
to initiate positive, informal contact with members of the public and in
response to local priorities. The visible presence of an officer patrolling on foot
may also act as a ‘control signal’ – a sign that the authorities are taking the
problems of local people seriously. Evidence from a follow-up evaluation has
highlighted that, while targeted foot patrol may be a necessary ingredient to
improve public confidence, it may not be enough on its own – without
community engagement and problem-solving, to have an effect (Quinton &
Morris, 2012).

Crime Prevention

As a Member State of the United Nations, the Philippines has fairly

aligned its system of criminal justice and social defense with UN criminal
policies. UN Member States have been encouraged to develop and pursue
crime prevention and criminal justice programmes and strategies within the
broad context of economic development, political systems, social and cultural
values, and social changes, as well as in accordance with the Millennium
Development Goals.

As important as it often is for the police to apprehend offenders so that

they can hold them legally accountable for their crimes, and as important as it
is for police to comfort and assist crime victims, it is equally important that
police and others work to prevent crime and disorder in the community. While
local government shares in the responsibility to remediate some of the social
factors that contribute to crime and disorder, such as poverty, joblessness,
homelessness, racism, education, these factors do not necessarily directly
cause crime and disorder.

In a study conducted by Diggs (2013), he revealed some of the factors

Influencing the crime rate such as high population/population density
5
According to the FBI's report, "Crime in the United States," areas with high
populations as well as those with dense populations often have a higher rate
of crime. These crimes tend to be residential in nature: burglaries, car theft,
larceny, and domestic assaults. Crimes are also committed in
commercial/business districts. He stated that areas with high commercial
populations (business districts) usually have more crime. Offenses in these
areas tend to be "business" crimes including commercial burglaries, forgery,
larceny, and shoplifting. In addition, there are more crimes committed against
people in these areas, such as muggings, theft of bikes, cars and personal
objects in cars.

In a 2012 study conducted by Weinburg (2016) at Ohio State

University, a poor economy has an immense impact on crime rates.
Weingburg and colleagues studied national crimes rates between 1979 and
1997 and found that the increase of crime during that period was most likely
attributable to falling wages and increased unemployment among low-
educated men. Weinburg believes that crime increases with declining wages
because the payoff for criminal activity is greater. The study was published in
the review of economics and statistics.

Understanding the human sociological and behavioral condition

facilitates the explanation of the reasons behind criminality. Pepa (2013)
argues that, in the context of Philippine society, poverty and abuse of power
are some of the causes of crimes. Very often, crimes are committed in areas
where the urban poor live. Poverty may not strictly be identified as a direct
cause of crimes, but certain circumstances that result from a situation of
poverty can cause crimes. Another Lucagbo et al. 98 The Philippine
Statistician Vol. 64, No. 2 (2015) major cause of crime in the country is the
abuse of power by the people who hold position in the society (Pepa, 2013).

Public Safety

The safety of one’s person and security of one’s property are widely
viewed as basic human rights and are essential to the community’s overall
quality of life (Plant and Scott, 20013). People envision a society in which they

6
play an active role in peace and development, engaging in the promotion of
social integration as they seek unity in diversity with social justice. However, it
has been a global phenomenon that crime is on the rise. Crime has had great
impact on individuals and communities and has high and diverse costs.

One of the benefits of a safe and secure environment is that it

encourages investment and economic growth. There is accumulating
evidence that many prevention programmes are not only effective in reducing
offending and victimization but are also cost-beneficial, resulting in
considerable long-term savings, and bringing social and economic benefits
well beyond reductions in crime (Shaw and Travers, 2007). Identifying which
interventions significantly contribute to the reduction of crime in the NCR
police districts will help policymakers decide on which policies to focus on.
These attempts have been made to improve community security throughout
the NCR, and eventually throughout the country.

Public Safety is essential in a certain community, Police officers are

one of various careers that are significant to the growth of national economic
and social development. Maintaining public security and safety and preserving
common property for citizens in the community and society which are basic,
physical needs in human society (Chokprachakchat, 2011).

Theoretical Framework

The General System’s theory and Social contract theory are influential
in this study. System’s theory was proposed by Bertalanffy, an interdisciplinary
theory about the nature of complex systems in nature, society and science
and is a framework by which one can investigate and /or describe any group
of objects that work together to produce some results. (Bertalanffy, 1968)
In view of this theory, security measurement of the Police and
Barangay Officials must work together with the community residents to
maintain its peace and order as they function as one system. Mostly, the
theory allows to include relevant factors in achieving the specified end and
includes an evaluation that process in determining the goals. (Hammond,

7
2003 pg 103). Believing that the police visibility, crime prevention and public
safety are interrelated to one another and that one affects the other.

Another theory that relates to this study is the Social Contract Theory,
this theory becomes a great influence in this research as it believes that
community residents live together in accordance with the agreement that
establishes the behavior of the certain community. Thus, Social Contract
theory enables to examine the participants interactive perception and
evaluation in public safety and social justice outcomes. (Donal, 2015).

8
Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Variation of Profiling in Perception on Security

terms of: Measure in terms of:
 Age  Police Visibility
 Gender  Crime Prevention
 Educational Attainment  Public Safety

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Significance of the Study

The valuable output of the study is beneficial to the following:

Community Residents, this study will provide awareness to the

community residents with the importance of security measures and the
importance of community cooperation in implementing crime prevention
program. Specifically, the result will be discussed to the selected barangay in
determining the perception of the community residents with regards to their
community security level.

9
 Philippine National Police Personnel, this study can serve as their
reference in evaluating the performance of PNP personnel and how important
security measures in the community against crime prevention is and
maintaining peace and order. With this, they can intensify further their security
level, particularly in crime-prone areas of the country, with the cooperation of
the community residents.

Future Researchers, the results from this study is valuable and can be
used by future researchers as their data baseline and reference for further
study about the said topic.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focused geographically to the community residents of

selected barangays in the Davao City; Barangay 21-C, Brgy. 74-A Matina
Crossing and Barangay 5-A Pag-asa Bankerohan where its population is
greater than other neighboring barangays and the current residency of the
researchers. It aimed to evaluate the security measure of the place in terms of
police visibility, crime prevention and public safety and if there is a significant
difference between their age, gender and educational attainment.

The result of the study is purely based on the data gathered in the
three Barangays and that no other inputs gathered from other perspective
barangays. An in-depth interpretation was also conducted by the researcher
through creating dialogues and conversation with the participants perception
and opinions from the research topic.

Definition of Terms

The following are terms which are operationally definer to support the
study:

Police Visibility

Aims to reduce crime proactively and sustainably by focusing on the

most important problems identified by local communities, using careful

10
analysis to define problems and inform multi-agency solutions. (Tankebe,
2013).

Crime Prevention

Crime Prevention as defined by the 2012 United Nations Guidelines for

the Prevention of Crime, comprises strategies and measures that seek to
reduce the risk of crimes occurring, and their potential harmful effects on
individuals and society, including fear of crime, by intervening to influence
their multiple causes.

Public Safety

Refers to the collaboration between the police and the community that
identifies and solves community problems. With the police no longer the sole
guardians of law and order, all members of the community become active
allies in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods.

CHAPTER 2
METHOD

This chapter contains the methods and procedures the researchers

used in the study including the research design, research participants,
research instrument, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment of data
and data collection method.

Research Design

The researchers utilized the quantitative descriptive survey method.

Quantitative Method is a research method that relies less on interviews,
11
observations, and small numbers of questionnaires, focus group, subjective
reports and case studies but is much more focused on the collection and
analysis of numerical data and statistics (Easton, 2013). To in-depth the
research study, the researchers also uses descriptive method to deepen the
interpretation of the data as this focus on proper analyses and identification of
trends and relationships. Aggarwal (2012).

The study uses a two-page scaled questionnaire to collect data from

the respondents. It has three key areas in measuring the perception of the
selected barangays on security measure: first is the Police Visibility, followed
by Crime Prevention and lastly, the Public Safety. Each area contains five
questions. In answering the questionnaire, respondents will use the
measuring scale of a five point Likert (Strongly Agree, Agree, Moderately
Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree).

Research Participants

The respondents of the study were one hundred twenty (120) randomly
selected residents in Barangay 24-C, selected barangays in Davao City. The
researchers used simple random sampling. According to Fredrich’s (2014)
simple random sampling refers to the subjects in the population that are
sampled by a random process, using either a random number generator or a
random number table, so that each person remaining in the population has
the same probability of being selected for the sample.

Table 1 shows the demographic profile of the respondents. In terms of

age, majority are between 36-45 years old with 40 (33%), which was followed
by 26-35 years old with 34 (28%), 56 years old and above with 18 (15%), 45-
55 years old with 15 (13%), and 18-25 years old with 13 (11%). Finding
means that majority of Davao City residents are middle-aged adults with age
ranges between 36-45 years old. In terms of sex, slight majority are male with
61 (51%), while female respondents has 59 (49%). Finding means that slight
majority of the residents of Davao City are male. In terms of educational
attainment, majority are college level / graduate with 54 (45%), followed by

12
high school level / graduate with 49 (41%), elementary level / graduate with
15 (13%), and no formal education with 2 (2%). Finding means that majority of
Davao City residents have very high literacy rate considering that most are
either college level / graduates.

Table 1

Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Frequency Percentage
Category (N) (%)
Age
18-25 years old 13 11%
26-35 years old 34 28%
36-45 years old 40 33%
46-55 years old 15 13%
56 years old and above 18 15%
Total 120 100%

Sex

13
 Male 61 51%
Female 59 49%
Total 120 100%

Educational Attainment
No Formal Education 2 2%
Elementary level / graduate 15 13%
High School level / graduate 49 41%
College level / graduate 54 45%
Total 120 100%

Research Instruments

The researchers formulated a researcher-made questionnaire that was

distributed to the randomly selected respondents during the conduct of this
study. The self-made survey questionnaire was made and translated into
Cebuano / Visayan dialect for easy comprehension and understanding of the
respondents. Prior to the distribution of the survey questionnaire, it underwent
content validation from experts from the College of Criminal Justice Education
of Rizal Memorial Colleges, to ensure that the items in the questionnaire can
answer the problem of the study.

The scale used in the study was categorized into five levels and
converted as follows:

Basis of Interpretation
SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTIVE VERBAL
LIMITS EQUIVALENT DESCRIPTION
Excellent 4.50+ Strongly Agree This level indicates that
the security measure

14
 performed in the
selected barangay are
at the excellent level.

Satisfactory 3.50-4.49 Agree This level indicates that

the security measure
performed in the
selected barangay are
at the satisfactory level.

Moderate 2.50-3.49 Moderately Agree This level indicates that

the security measure
performed in the
selected barangay are
at the moderate level.

Fair 150-2.49 Disagree This level indicates that

the security measure
performed in the
selected barangay are
at the fair level.

Poor 0.50-1.49 Strongly This level indicates that

Disagree the security measure
performed in the
selected barangay are
at the poor level.

Data Gathering Procedure

During the conduct of this study, the researchers undertook the

following steps:
1. Courtesy Call. The researchers submitted a letter seeking permission
from the Barangay Chairman of the Selected Barangay to conduct the
study.

15
 2. Instrumental Writing. The researchers formulated a research
quantitative questionnaire to serve as research instrument. This
questionnaire was validated by the research adviser for effectiveness.

3. Distribution of questionnaire and analysis of results. The one

hundred twenty (120) community residents from selected barangays
were the respondents of the study. The researchers-oriented
respondents on the purpose of the study and the importance of the
questionnaire. Researchers instructed respondents on the process of
answering the questionnaire. The respondents shared responses to
follow up questions. After completion, researchers tallied the data and
submitted results to the statistician for computation and analysis.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical tool used in the study is the Average Weighted Mean
(AMW). This was used in measuring the perception on security measure of
selected Barangay in Davao City.

Data Analysis

The researchers used the following statistical tools in the analysis of

the data.
Frequency was used to determine the actual numbers of the
respondents based on their profile.
Percentage was used to determine the ratio of the respondents based
on their profile and in percentage form.
Mean was used to determine the level of security as deemed by its
residents in Davao City.
Anova Test were used to determine the significant difference in the
level of security as deemed by its residents in Davao City when analyzed by
profile.

16
 CHAPTER 3
Results and Discussion

Presented in this chapter are the data presentation, interpretation and

discussion of findings. It shows the results of the study on Perception on
Security Measure of Selected Barangay in Davao City and if there is a
significant difference of the level of perception towards the security measure
with regards to the variation of respondent’s profile.

Perception on Security Measure of Selected Barangay in Davao City in

terms of Police Visibility

Table 2 presents the result of the perception on security measure of the

selected barangay in Davao City in terms of Police Visibility. In general,
respondents strongly agree that the level of security in Davao City is very
high, specifically because of its police visibility, which was reflected in the total
mean score of 4.58, described as strongly agree. This means that the security
measures being implemented by law enforcement agencies in Davao City,
specifically by the Davao City Police Office is very strict, by intensifying its
police visibility. Because of this, Davao City residents feel safe and secure
while doing their ordinary daily activities or work.
17
 The importance of police visibility was emphasized bySkogan (2013)
that police visibility helps deter crime. Although some densely populated
urban municipalities have foot-patrols. Foot patrol in less densely areas is not
practical. Thus, in those areas, police cars are likely the first, and possibly the
only, indication of a police presence in communities. Some agencies even
allow the personal use of police vehicles to enhance the sense of police
presence.

Rated from highest to lowest, the respondents strongly agree that the
very high level of security measures through police visibility, it deters the
activities of criminals to be executed as planned (4.64), imposes alarm that
would prevent the culprit from committing a crime (4.62), easily responds to
complaints and crime incidents in the area (4.57), it makes the criminal think
twice before acting on their plan (4.54), and makes the place safe and secure
from criminal elements (4.51).

Thus, while conducting the research questionnaire one of the

respondents share her thoughts of feeling secured and safe whenever patrol
cars or police officers are in station or roaming within their Barangay. Stating
that going home alone and late is not worrisome knowing that police officers
are just within the vicinity.

18
 Table 2

Perception on Security Measure of Selected Barangay in Davao City in

terms of Police Visibility

Descriptive
Mean
Police Visibility Interpretation
1. Makes the place safe and secure from 4.51 Strongly Agree
criminal elements.
2. Easily responds to complaints and crime 4.57 Strongly Agree
incidents in the area.
3. Imposes alarm that would prevent the culprit 4.62 Strongly Agree
from committing a crime.
4. Deters the activities of criminals to be 4.64 Strongly Agree
executed as planned.
5. It makes the criminal think twice before acting 4.54 Strongly Agree
on their plan.
Total Mean 4.58 Strongly Agree

19
Perception on Security Measure of Selected Barangay in Davao City in
terms of Crime Prevention

Table 3 presents the perception on security measure of selected

Barangay in Davao City in terms of crime prevention. In general, respondents
strongly agree that the level of security in Davao City is very high, specifically
because of its crime prevention program, which was reflected in the total
mean score of 4.54, described as strongly agree. This means that the security
measures being implemented by law enforcement agencies in Davao City,
specifically by the Davao City Police Office is very successful particularly in
preventing criminal activities and other crime incidents.

The importance of crime prevention was emphasized by Myhill (2015)

that public expectations of policing has previously highlighted a strong
preference for a highly visible police crime prevention programs. However,
when these views were explored in more detail, it was discovered that
people’s seemingly instinctive reaction to call for ‘more bobbies on the beat’
was motivated by a desire to see crime reduced. The study also suggested
that the police can help ensure the public accept and support the targeting of
resources in high priority areas by engaging them in a dialogue.

Rated from highest to lowest, the respondents strongly agree that the
very high level of security measures through crime prevention restores the
confidence of business operators to conduct their business without fear of
being victimized by criminals (4.61), creates fear for criminals to execute their
plans (4.54), helps the police in apprehending a suspected criminal and act as
peacemaker in the community whenever violence erupts (4.53), helps inform

20
the community of their role in maintaining peace and order (4.52), and
compels the criminals to abandon their plan and transfer to the other place
where there is poor police visibility (4.51).

Table 3

Perception on Security Measure of Selected Barangay in Davao City in

terms of Crime Prevention

Descriptive
Mean
Crime Prevention Interpretation
Compel the criminals to abandon their plan and 4.50 Strongly Agree
transfer to the other place where there is poor
police visibility.
Helps inform the community of their role in 4.52 Strongly Agree
maintaining peace and order.
Helps the police in apprehending a suspected 4.53 Strongly Agree
criminal and act as peacemaker in the
community whenever violence erupts.
Restore the confidence of business operators to 4.61 Strongly Agree
conduct their business without fear of being
victimized by criminals.
Creates fear for criminals to execute their plans. 4.54 Strongly Agree
Total Mean 4.54 Strongly Agree

21
Perception on Security Measure of Selected Barangay in Davao City in
terms of Public Safety

Table 4 presents the level of security in Davao City as deemed by its

residents in terms of public safety. In general, respondents strongly agree that
the level of security in Davao City is very high, specifically because of its
public safety, which was reflected in the total mean score of 4.60, described
as strongly agree. This means that the security measures being implemented
by law enforcement agencies in Davao City, specifically by the Davao City
Police Office makes the public safe and secure amid the threats of terrorism,
and other criminal activities.

The importance of public safety was confirmed on Rosenbaum’s (2013)

theory of Police Visibility in which he stated that police visibility promises that
closer alliances between the police and the community will help reduce citizen
fear of crime, improve police-community relations, and facilitate more effective
responses to community problems. Police visibility is composed of three
elements such as: crime deterrence and prevention, crime detection and
surveillance and crime apprehension.

Rated from highest to lowest, the respondents strongly agree that the
very high level of security measures through public safety strengthens and
promote the role of the community residents in maintaining peace and order
(4.63), promotes trust and cooperation between community residents and law
enforcers (4.62), strengthens the police-community relation through
cooperation of the residents in making the area peaceful and orderly (4.61),
spreads awareness on the importance of community policing among residents
(4.58), and restores the trust of the community in the capability of the police
(4.57).

22
23
 Table 4
Perception on Security Measure of Selected Barangay in Davao City in
terms of Public Safety

Descriptive
Mean
Public Safety Interpretation
Restore the trust of the community in the 4.57 Strongly Agree
capability of the police.
Strengthens and promote the role of the 4.63 Strongly Agree
community residents in maintaining peace and
order.
Strengthens the police-community relation 4.61 Strongly Agree
through cooperation of the residents in making
the area peaceful and orderly.
Promotes trust and cooperation between 4.62 Strongly Agree
community residents and law enforcers.
Spreads awareness on the importance of 4.58 Strongly Agree
community policing among residents.
Total Mean 4.60 Strongly Agree

24
Significant Difference in the Perception on Security Measure of Selected
Barangay in Davao City when analyzed by Demographic Profile of the
Respondents

Table 5 shows the significant difference in the level of security in Davao

City as deemed by its residents when analyzed by demographic profile.
Findings revealed that when analyzed by age, with p-value of .780 which is
greater than .05 level of significance set in this study, the null hypothesis was
accepted, thus there is no significant difference in the level of security in
Davao City as deemed by its residents when analyzed by age. This means
that young and old respondents have the same perceptions on the level of
security measures being implemented in Davao City.

However, findings revealed that when analyzed by sex and educational

attainment, with p-values of .009 and .042 respectively, which is lesser
than .05 level of significance set in this study, the null hypothesis was
rejected, thus there is significant differences in the level of security in Davao
City as deemed by its residents when analyzed by sex and educational
attainment. This means that male and female respondents have the different
perceptions on the level of security measures being implemented in Davao
City. This was also reflected when analyzed by educational attainment where
significant differences were manifested between no formal education,
elementary, high school and college level / graduate respondents. This can be
attributed to the fact that educational level of people tends to affect their
perception and point of views.

Table 5

25
Significant Difference in the Perception on Security Measure of Selected
Barangay in Davao City when analyzed by Demographic Profile of the
Respondents

Profile Category f-value p-value Decision on Ho

18-25 years old
26-35 years old
36-45 years old
Age 46-55 years old 4.627 0.780 Not Significant
56 years old and
above
Profile Category t-value p-value Decision on Ho
Male
Sex Female 1.137 .009
Significant
Profile Category f-value p-value Decision on Ho
No Formal Education
Elementary level /
Educational graduate
1.668 0.042 Significant
Attainment High School level /
graduate
College level / graduate

CHAPTER 4
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

This contains the summary of findings, conclusion and

recommendation of the study entitled “The Perception on Security Measure of
Selected Barangay in Davao City”.

The study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the perception on security measure of selected

barangay in Davao City terms of:
1.1 Police Visibility,
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 1.2 Crime Prevention, and
1.3 Public Safety

2. Is there a significant difference on perception on security

measure of selected barangays in Davao City when analyzed
according to :
2.1 Age,
2.2 Sex, and
2.3 Educational attainment

Summary of Findings

The following are the summary of findings based on the data gathered
by the researchers:

1. In terms of the demographic profile of the respondents, in age

category majority of the respondents are between 36-45 years old,
slight majority are male and mostly the educational attainment of the
respondents are in college level / graduate.

2. In terms of the Perception on Security Measure of Selected

Barangay in Davao City, the Police Visibility has an overall mean of
4.58 which indicates that the security measure performed in the
selected barangay are at the excellent level and that respondents are
strongly agree of the very high level of security measures conducted.
Thus, the Crime Prevention has an overall mean of 4.54 which
indicates that the security measure performed in the selected barangay
are at the excellent level and that respondents also strongly agree of
the very high level of security measure conducted. Lastly, the Public
Safety has an overall mean of 4.60 which indicates that the security
measure performed in the selected barangay are at the excellent level
and that respondents are strongly agree of the very high level of
security measures conducted.

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 3. Based on the result, there is no significant difference on the
perception on security measure of selected Barangay in Davao City in
terms of age. However, when results were analyzed by the
respondent’s profile on Sex and Educational Attainment, there is
significant difference of the respondent’s perception on security
measure of selected Barangay in Davao City.

Conclusions

Based on the findings presented, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. Majority of residents in some barangays in Davao City are middle-

aged, Male and are College level / graduate.

2. There is a very high level of security in Davao City being

implemented by law enforcement agencies. However, to maintain
peace and order the police enforcers must also maintain its excellent
performance in securing and reducing the crime rate of the selected
Barangays Davao City and the Philippines, as a whole.

3. Age is a non-factor while sex and educational attainment are factors

in providing different level of perception on security measure of
Selected Barangay in Davao City.

Recommendations

The researchers state the following recommendations:

1. To the Philippine National Police Personnel, Intensification of security

level, particularly in crime-prone areas of the country, with the
cooperation of the community residents should be pursued.

2. To Community Residents, this study will provide community residents

in the importance of security measures and that they can also

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 understand that police crime prevention programs needs community
cooperation. With this, this will encourage them to cooperate and assist
PNP personnel in maintaining peace and order in their communities.

3. To Future Researchers, the results from this study is valuable and can
be used by future researchers as their data baseline and reference for
further study about the said topic.

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