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1. SIMULATE NRZ, RZ, HALF SINUSOID AND GENERATE EYE DIAGRAM FOR
BINARY POLAR SIGNALING.
a) THIS PROGRAM GENERATE SINGLE RZ NRZ AND HALF SINE SINGLE PULSE FOR A BIT
PERIOD OF T=64.
PROGRAM:
T=64
%To generate Return to zero square pulse
prz=[zeros(1,T/4) ones(1,T/2) zeros(1,T/4)]
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(prz)
title('plot of return to zero pulse of bit period T=64')
%To generate Non Return to zero square pulse
pnrz=[ones(1,T) zeros(1,T)];
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(pnrz)
title('plot of Non return to zero pulseof bit period T=64')
psine=sin(pi*(0:T-1)/T);
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(psine)
title('plot of half sinusoid of bit period T=64')
OUTPUT:
plot of return to zero pulse of bit period T=64
1
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0.5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
b) THIS PROGRAM USES THE POLAR RETURN TO ZERO AND POLAR NON RETURN TO
ZERO PULSES TO GENERATE EYE DIAGRAMS.
PROGRAM:
clc
data=sign(randn(1,400)); % generate 400 random bits
Tau=64; % define the symbol period
%for i=1:length(data)
%dataup((i-1)*64+1:i*64)=[data(i),zeros(1,63)];% Generate impluse train
%end
dataup=upsample(data,Tau);% Generate impluse train
prz=[zeros(1,Tau/4) ones(1,Tau/2) zeros(1,Tau)];
yrz=conv(dataup,prz);% Return to zero polar signal
yrz=yrz(1:end-Tau+1);
eye1=eyediagram(yrz,2*Tau,Tau,Tau/2);title('RZ eye diagram')
pnrz=ones(1,Tau);
ynrz=conv(dataup,pnrz(Tau));% Non-return to zero polar
ynrz=ynrz(1:end-Tau+1);
eye2=eyediagram(ynrz,2*Tau,Tau,Tau/2);title('NRZ eye-diagram');
OUTPUT:
NRZ eye-diagram
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Amplitude
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Time
RZ eye diagram
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Amplitude
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Time
PROGRAM:
%PCM Modulator
%generating analog signal (sinusoidal)
f=input('enter the freq'); %maximum frequency of the input signal
fs=40*f; %Nyquist sampling rate
t=0:1/fs:1; %time
a=input(' enter thepeak amplitude val') %Amplitude
x=a*sin(2*pi*f*t); %sinusoidal signal
%level shifting
x1=x+a;
%quantization
q_op=round(x1);
%decimal to binary conversion
enco=de2bi(q_op,'left-msb');
%PCM Demodulator
deco=bi2de(enco,'left-msb');
%shifting the amplitude level to the original value
xr=deco-a; %x reconstructed
%plotting
plot(t,x,'r-',t,xr,'b-');
xlabel('time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
legend('Original signal','Reconstructed signal');
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM:
% QPSK Modulation
clc;
clear all;
close all;
%GENERATE QUADRATURE CARRIER SIGNAL
Tb=1;t=0:(Tb/100):Tb;fc=1;
c1=sqrt(2/Tb)*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
c2=sqrt(2/Tb)*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
%generate message signal
N=8;m=rand(1,N);
t1=0;t2=Tb
for i=1:2:(N-1)
t=[t1:(Tb/100):t2]
if m(i)>0.5
m(i)=1;
m_s=ones(1,length(t));
else
m(i)=0;
m_s=-1*ones(1,length(t));
end
%odd bits modulated signal
odd_sig(i,:)=c1.*m_s;
if m(i+1)>0.5
m(i+1)=1;
m_s=ones(1,length(t));
else
m(i+1)=0;
m_s=-1*ones(1,length(t));
end
elseif (x1<0&&x2<0)
demod(i)=0;
demod(i+1)=0;
elseif (x1<0&&x2>0)
demod(i)=0;
demod(i+1)=1;
end
t1=t1+(Tb+.01); t2=t2+(Tb+.01);
end
subplot(3,2,5);stem(demod);
title('qpsk demodulated bits');xlabel('n---->');ylabel('b(n)');grid on;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM:
OUTPUT: