ROME TOURISM

ARTICLE

This article is submitted to fulfill the english task subjects

Lecturer:

Drs. Nurhasanah, M.Ed

By:

Nadi Naufal Makarim 1701656

Tito Arif Karimulloh 1604543

Torizha Sudrajat 1705602

HISTORY EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION

INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

BANDUNG

2019
The Outline of Article

Title : Rome Tourism

Introduction :

Rome is the capital city of Italy. Rome locates on the western shoreline of Italy and
Italy is a part of Europe. Rome has been an innovative political and artistic hub since
the founding of the Roman Empire in 753 BC. The Roman Empire officially
remaineduntil the 8th century AD, despite stagnation in the late empire and early
medieval periods. Rome, however, resurfaced as an important political and cultural
center. The wealth and political significance built during the height of the Empire
continuously generated work opportunities, drawing artists from all over the Italian
peninsula. (available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome)

Paragraf 1 : Rome, The Capital City of Italy

Paragraf 2 : The History of Rome

Paragraf 3 : The Buildings in Rome

Paragraf 4 : The Unique of Rome Culture

Conclusion:

Rome is a city that symbolizes the glory of the classical period marked by the
establishment of the Roman Empire in 763 BC. Cultural relics of the Roman Empire
in terms of architecture, art, culture, technology, science, can survive until now and
become an icon of the advancement of ancient civilizations, especially on the
European continent. (available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome)
 Rome is the capital city and special comune of Italy. Rome also serves as the
capital of the Lazio region. With a population of 1,285 2.8728 million km2, also
comune populous in the country. It is the fourth most populous city in the European
Union by population within city limits. It is the centerpiece of the Metropolitan City
of Rome, which has a population of 4,355,725 inhabitants, making it the most
populated metropolitan city in Italy. Roma is located in the center-west of the Italian
peninsula, in Lazio (Latium), along the banks of the Tiber. Vatican City (the smallest
country in the world) is an independent country within the boundaries of the city of
Rome, the only existing example of a state within the city: for this reason Rome has
often defined as the capital of two states. (available at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome.)

Founding (c. 625 BC)

Rome was founded around 625 BC in ancient Italy was known as Etruria and
Latium. It is estimated that the city-state of Rome was originally formed by villagers
Latium joined by settlers from the surrounding hills in response to the invasion of
Etruscan. It is not clear whether they come together in defense or as a result of being
brought under the power of Etruscan. Archaeological evidence suggests that many
changes and unification occurred around 600 BC that may lead to the formation of
Rome as a city. (available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome)

Period of Kings (625-510 BC)

The first period in Roman history known as the period of the Kings, and it lasted
from the founding of Rome until 510 BC. During this brief Rome, led by no less than
six kings, advancing both militaristically and economical with increased physical
boundaries, military power, and the production and trade of goods including oil lamp.
Politically, this period saw the beginning of the formation of the Roman constitution.
Period End Kings come with a reduction in Etruscan power, thereby ushering period
of the Roman Republic. (available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome)
Republican Rome (510-31 BC)

Roma entered the period of the Republic in 510 BC. No longer ruled by kings, the
Romans established a new form of government in which the upper class to rule, that
the senators and equestrians or knights. However, a dictator can be nominated at the
time of crisis. In 451 BC, the Romans founded the "Twelve Tables," a standard code
of laws intended to matters of public, private, and politics. (available at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome)

Roma continued to evolve through the period of the Republic and gain control over
the whole of the Italian peninsula by 338 BC. It was the Punic Wars 264-146 BC,
along with some conflict with Greece, which allowed Roma to take control of
Carthage and Corinth and thus become the dominant maritime power in the
Mediterranean. (available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome).

Soon after, the political atmosphere of Rome pushed Republicans in a period of

turmoil and civil war. This led to the election of a dictator, L. Cornelius Sulla, who
served 82-80 BC. Following the resignation of Sulla in 79 BC, the Republic returned
to a state of unrest. While Roma continue to be regulated as a Republican for 50
years, a shift to imperialism began to materialize in 60 BC when Julius Caesar's rise
to power.

By 51 BC, Julius Caesar has conquered Celtic Gaul and, for the first time, the
borders of Rome has spread beyond the Mediterranean region. Although the Senate
still body of Rome, its power weakened. Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC and
was replaced by his heir, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Octavian) who ruled with
Mark Antony. In 31 BC Rome overtake Egypt that resulted in the death of Mark
Antony and Octavian left as unrivaled ruler of Rome. Octavian Augustus assumed
the title and thus became the first emperor of Rome. (available at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome).
Imperial Rome (31 BC – AD 476)
The period of the Roman Empire has meet the end, starting with the advent of the
first emperor of Rome in 31 BC and lasted until the fall of Rome in 476. During this
period, Rome saw a few decades of peace, prosperity, and expansion. By AD 117,
the Roman Empire has reached the maximum extant, spanning three continents
including Asia, northern Africa, and most of Europe.
In AD 286 the Roman Empire split into eastern and western kingdoms, each ruled
by the emperor himself. Western Empire suffered some Gothic invasion and, in AD
455, was sacked by vandals. Roma continued to decline thereafter until 476 AD
when the Western Roman Empire ended. Eastern Roman Empire, known as the
Byzantine Empire, survived until the 15th century. It fell when the Turkish control of
the capital, Constantinople (modern Istanbul in Turkey) in 1453. (available at
https://www.mpm.edu/research-collections/anthropology/anthropology-collections-
research/mediterranean-oil-lamps/roman-empire-brief-history).

The Roman Empire with the advancement of science and technology bequeathed
historic buildings with distinctive architecture. these buildings have now become
cultural heritage buildings and are places for tourists from various countries to visit.
Actually there are so many iconic buildings at the Rome City, but we pick 3 most
iconic buildings. Those buildings are:
1. Colosseum

The Colosseum is the symbol of Rome. its original name was "Anfiteatro Flavio".
The Colosseum is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. This is one of the most
visited monuments in the world. The Colosseum is very ancient. It was built in
AD 80. AD means after the birth of Jesus. BC means before the birth of Jesus. 80
AD means that 80 years after the birth of Jesus, nearly 2000 (two thousand) years
ago. The Colosseum is a stadium where Romans used to go and watch gladiator-
fights, hunting show, a fight between man and beast malignant and even naval
 battles.Close there are two places to the Colosseum of ancient Rome. These places
are very beautiful to look at.

2. Saint Peter’s Square

Saint Peter's Square is the most famous square in Rome. When you enter the
square you are no longer in Italy.You is in another country, or countries, the so-
called "Vatican City". Vatican City is the smallest country in the world. Vatican
City is in another city (Rome) and in other countries (Italy). Vatican Pope's
government leaders. Guards Pope is the famous Swiss Guard. The guard wore
colorful uniforms.

3. Saint Peter’s Basilica

St. Peter's Basilica is the largest and most famous churches in the world. It is very
famous because the Pope. This is called what it's called because it was built next
to the tomb of St. Peter. Saint Peter was the first Pope in history. It took a long
time to build this church, nearly 200 (two hundred) years. Above the main
entrance you can see the Loggia of Blessings. The loggia of the Pope to bless
people. Even higher up there is the dome. dome designed by Michelangelo
Buonarroti. Michelangelo was a great artist and architect. Romans called it
"Cupolone". Cupolone means "large dome". This is more than 130 meters. You
can step 357 and the steps to achieve it. If you arrive at the top you can see all of
Rome. Inside the Basilica there are 11 chapels, 25 altars and many works of art.

(available at http://smartourismguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/smart-
tourism-Rome-guide-en.pdf)
Eclectic Culture

Past and present in harmony that exist within steps of each other's best defines the
culture of Rome. For example, the structure of the 17th-century architect Bernini
mingle with modern architecture. Art created by the master during the Renaissance
and Baroque period side by side with modern pieces in museums and art galleries
throughout the city. building modern workplace is a step of historic monuments such
as the Colosseum and the Roman Forum. In short, Rome is an eclectic culture of a
busy and cosmopolitan city that respects the past.

Many Roman culture reflects the diverse people who pass through the city at
various points in history. Gladiator, the pagan god, master artists and educated
people leave a trail of influence of the Eternal City. Travelers flock to the Vatican,
the Colosseum, the Palatine and the Forum Museum, Galleria Borghese, Palazzo
Altemps, Piazza di Spagna and the Domus Aurea to gain an appreciation of the
stepping stone Roman culture today. (available at
https://traveltips.usatoday.com/culture-traditions-rome-italy-11465.html).

Food and Festivals

Food is an integral part of the culture in Rome, with dishes full of flavor and
reflective of the ancient Roman tradition. Fresh vegetables, cheap cuts of meat, pasta
and cheese is a typical ingredient in Roman dishes. growing food establishments in
Rome, with pizza, family-run trattorias and trendy restaurants full supply.

Further food festival celebrated with food. They are an important part of the
cultural scene in Rome and usually drove season, celebrating the Roman heritage, or
just forward the ancient tradition. The Sagra del Csarciofo, for example, celebrates
the artichoke, a staple in Roman cooking. The spring festival featuring many ways
can be cooked artichoke. (available at https://traveltips.usatoday.com/culture-
traditions-rome-italy-11465.html).
Holiday Traditions

During the Easter and Christmas holiday season, Roma traditions exhibit strong
Christian culture of the Eternal City. One of the Roman tradition is to go to St.
Peter's Square on Easter and Christmas to receive a blessing from the Pope. During
the Lenten season, Friday marked the annual Procession of the Cross Roman
Colosseum to the Palatine and the Forum. On Easter Sunday morning, outdoor mass
took place in St. Peter's.

During the Christmas season, churches in Rome featuring elaborate nativity scenes,
and live music enjoyed in the piazza. Traditional midnight mass at the Vatican
attracts thousands of locals and international visitor. (available at
https://traveltips.usatoday.com/culture-traditions-rome-italy-11465.html).
 REFERENCES

Cicione, Maryellen. 2018. Culture & Traditions in Rome, Italy. [online].

Available at https://traveltips.usatoday.com/culture-traditions-rome-italy-11465.html

Leonardi Alessandra, Moira Oliverio, Serena Lavezzari, Amber Benedetti, James

Cannucciari, Fabrizio Menichelli. 2013. Rome: Smart Tourism Guide. [online].
Available at http://smartourismguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/smart-
tourism-Rome-guide-en.pdf

No Name. 2015. Rome. [online]. Available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome.

No Name. 2019. The Roman Empire: A Brief History. [online]. Available at

https://www.mpm.edu/research-collections/anthropology/anthropology-collections-
research/mediterranean-oil-lamps/roman-empire-brief-history.