The Grand Redemption-A History of Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

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THE GRAND
REDEMPTION
Northwest Northeast Southwest Southeast
3200 B.C.- Old Kingdom Egypt
2800 B.C.- India
2400 B.C.- China
2000 B.C.- Mesopotamia
1600 B.C.- New Kingdom Egypt
1200 B.C.- Babylon
800 B.C.- Persia
400 B.C.- Macedonia
0 A.D.- Rome
400 A.D.- Byzantine Empire
800 A.D.- Mongol Empire
1200 A.D.- Ottoman
Empire
1600 A.D.- America
2000 A.D.- Southern Caliphate
2400 A.D.- Eurasian
Union
2800 A.D.- Northern Union
3200 A.D.- Global Union
A HISTORY OF YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND

TOMORROW: PART 1: THE SPIRIT
CHRISTOPHER WATSON
The Civilizational Wave

The fast-paced change of everyday events often blinds us to the ultimate nature of reality and
history. Though our living standards have improved dramatically from the beginning of
recorded civilization around 3200 B.C., human beings still have the same questions about life,
death, the universe, and the ultimate purpose of existence.
I approach history as a source of meaning and predictive power. Whoever understands that
history repeats itself understands the meaning of life and the value of studying its recurring
cycles. There are one-hundred-twenty-year cycles of commerce, eighty-year generational
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cycles, and even civilizational cycles.123 In this work, I am chiefly concerned with a cycle of
events that defines the entire scope of civilization itself and gives clear significance to the rise
and fall of all kingdoms and empires over a span of six-thousand four-hundred years from the
year 3200 B.C. to the year 3200 A.D.
The super-cycle of history can be subdivided into four sub-cycles of sixteen-hundred years
each, an Ancient Cycle from 3200 B.C. to 1600 B.C., a Classical Cycle from 1600 B.C. to 0 A.D.,
the Medieval Cycle from 0 A.D. to 1600 A.D., and the Globalization Cycle from 1600 A.D. to
3200 A.D. Sixteen-hundred-year sub-cycles can be further subdivided into civilizational cycles of
four-hundred years each. History comprises sixteen four-hundred-year civilizational cycles, as
illustrated in the timeline depicted on the cover. Four civilizational cycles comprise an Age in
history. We live at the conclusion of the American Cycle, only one-quarter of the way through
the Globalization Age, and at the dawn of the Southern Caliphate Cycle, a turbulent
postmodern world characterized by the abandonment of absolute truth and the shifting of
spiritual, political, scientific, and economic power away from the nations of the global North
and West toward the nations of the global East and South.
Seeing that life is short, I will not occupy these pages with irrelevant anecdotes, entertaining
as they may be. Rather, I will explain a pattern I see in the history of civilization and use it as a
guide to offer a prophecy of the next twelve-hundred years. If I am right, then may future
generations use these predictions for both inspiration and perspective in future times of crisis,
understanding that I wrote this entire abridged history in a few hours of dire despair against
oppressive adversaries who sought to thwart my every keystroke and defraud me of my good
name, if not erase it from these pages altogether, for even daring to write and commit these
words to paper for posterity. They attempted to capitalize and enrich themselves on the God
given vision of my own mind, reducing my thoughts to proverbial objects of sacrifice for their
own mortal gratification. My own antivirus software deleted two copies of the third part, likely
the clever work of some hacker. If I am incorrect, then may my words prove entertaining to
whoever reads and scrutinizes them. May my struggle prove fruitful, if not to myself, then at
least to the future of civilization.
I will not offer a prophecy of the end of history, though my views on those matters are well
known. This is an abridged history of the development of human civilization and a prophecy of
its future. I wish from the depths of my soul for those who read and hear these words, now and
1
Durden, Tyler. "If Economic Cycle Theorists Are Correct, 2015 To 2020 Will Be Devastating
For The US." Zero Hedge. May 13, 2014. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2014-05-13/if-economic-cycle-theorists-are-correct-2015-
2020-will-be-devastating-us
2
Strauss–Howe Generational Theory." Wikipedia. February 02, 2019. Accessed February 06,
2019.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strauss–Howe_generational_theory
3
"Social Cycle Theory." Wikipedia. November 28, 2018. Accessed February 06,
2019.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cycle_theory
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in times to come, to find meaning in their application to the course of events that has defined
and continues to define so much of our everyday lives.
Beginning from the year 3200 B.C. and concluding in the year 3200 A.D., human civilization
spans the course of some six-thousand four-hundred years and can be evenly divided into four
stages of development as follows:
Stage 1: Eastern Agrarianism
From the year 3200 B.C. to 1600 B.C., a timespan of sixteen-hundred years, agricultural
civilization, focused on the cultivation of land for agricultural surplus, developed in Africa and
Asia, inculcating the concepts of polytheism, collectivism, monarchy, and private property.
Stage 2: Western Pastoralism
From the year 1600 B.C. to 0 A.D., pastoral civilization, focused on the breeding or hunting of
livestock for sustenance, developed in Europe and the Americas, inculcating the concepts of
monotheism, individualism, democracy, and common property.
Stage 3: Agrarian Pastoralism
The repeated contact and conflict between Eastern Agrarian civilization and Western
Pastoral civilization between the years 0 A.D. and 1600 A.D. laid the foundations for religious
missions, colonialism, crusades, and trade.
Stage 4: Globalization
The nation state movements and colonial wars of independence from 1600 A.D. to 2000 A.D.
have shifted the axis of conflict from one of latitude to one of longitude, suggesting that the
conflict of the East against the West is becoming the conflict of the North against the South.4
This paradigm shift in geography and politics will give rise to the development of two global
cultures that will eventually clash to create a singular world culture by the year 3200 A.D.5 The
resulting global civilization will be characterized by a singular world religion, a singular world
government, world peace, and world trade through a singular world currency.
To fully understand why a geopolitical paradigm shift is taking place, we should trace the
development of civilization in relation to geography from the development of agrarian
4
Margem, Vislumbres Da Outra. "Solzhenitsyn, on Civilization, Self-Restraint and Right
Living." YouTube. February 24, 2015. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oio7qmSvgsw.
5
"Polarity (international Relations)." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations).
4
civilization in Egypt around the year 3200 B.C. I will consider the matter from four points of
view: the spiritual, the political, the scientific, and the economic.
Part One: Many gods
The Bible accounts the first couple as a man and a woman who lived in an eternal garden but
were expelled by God from paradise when they discovered the nature of good and evil.6 Since
that time, Man has toiled by the sweat of his brow for the fruit of his labor, and thus the first
civilizations were agrarian, relying upon the cultivation of large fields irrigated by flooding rivers
to produce surpluses of grain to feed their families and livestock.
The Old Kingdom Egyptians worshipped Osiris and feared the god of chaos, Set.7 Their rulers
commanded slaves captured in battle to construct burial mounds for their remains as a way of
communing with the gods in the afterlife. This is why they desired to literally be elevated above
the flooding river valley toward the sky in death.8
The Egyptians worshipped numerous other gods and constructed an entire pantheon of gods
for the numerous forces of nature upon which their harvests depended, including the wind, the
rain, and even the Nile itself.9 Their inability to predict or control these seemingly distinct forces
compelled them to worship each of them as a sovereign god, but Osiris became the most
revered deity in Egyptian theology.
The people of the Indus Valley in modern day Pakistan cultivated an agricultural civilization
in similar fashion to the Egyptians beginning around the year 2800 B.C., constructing gridded
streets after the patterns of their fields in cities such as Mohenjo-Daro.10 They developed a
pantheon of their own gods to worship and embraced a cyclical view of life from the seasonal
rains, as is epitomized by the Shaman belief in reincarnation.
Commensurate to this belief in a cycle of death and rebirth was a belief in karma as a system
of divine justice to reward and punish all souls according to their deeds. This gave rise to a
belief in divinely orchestrated castes assigned by the gods to each individual at birth. From
karmic caste theology arose a highly pronounced social hierarchy strikingly similar to that of Old
Kingdom Egypt, in which some people were relegated to obscurity at the bottom of society and
others were born to a lifetime of power and privilege. Eternal order followed from eternal
hierarchy according to Egyptian theology, and order was a value to be sought above all others.
Any challenge to the hierarchy could upset the delicate order so painstakingly wrought from
the crocodile-filled waters of the Nile.
6
Holy Bible, Genesis 3:8.
7
"Set (deity)." Wikipedia. January 23, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(deity).
8
The New Penguin History of the World. P. 73. Penguin Books. London. 2003. Print.
9
10
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Along the banks of the Yangtze River, in modern day China, farmers began to construct
canals around the year 2300 B.C. to control the flooding they relied upon for the irrigation of
their fields. The man alleged to have first harnessed the flow of the Yangtze, Yu the Engineer, is
a mythical figure in Chinese history and has defined the tradition of rule by a technocratic elite
in Eastern society.11 This Eastern reverence for technical skill stems from a cultural tradition of
worshipful reverence for the forces of nature, especially the rains and river, for according to
such a theology, man must control nature to obtain divine power and understanding.
Rather than outright worship the forces of nature as did the first Indians and Old Kingdom
Egyptians, however, the first Chinese worshipped their deceased ancestors as gods and prayed
to them for daily guidance.12 This explains the later emergence of filial piety as a tenet of
Chinese Confucianism.
Mesopotamian civilization flourished between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers in modern day
Iraq from the years 2000-1600 B.C. A series of city-states, including Ur, Uruk, and Akkad, vied
for control over the Levant, more colloquially called the “Cradle of Civilization” or the “Fertile
Crescent,” a region that stretches from the Nile Valley in Egypt to the shores of modern Kuwait.
1314
Perhaps this is because Mesopotamia sat at the crossroads of the known world in those
centuries, connecting the fields of the Yangtze and Indus Valleys in the East to the produce of
Egypt in the West. Whichever city-state controlled the most territory controlled the most trade
and would grow the richest among its neighbors.
Via trade with the nations, the Sumerian people of Mesopotamia encountered the peoples
and gods of all three River Valley Civilizations and developed a pantheon of competing city-
state gods to worship, to whom they built massive ziggurats in the pyramidal form of the
Egyptians. In and on these structures, they offered sacrifices, including living human beings, to
their gods, chief among whom was Marduk, god of the city of Babylon.1516
The polytheism of the first four civilizations ultimately originated from their reliance upon
natural forces for production and sustenance. Nature’s unreliability and unpredictability
rendered an Eastern conception of divine indifference to the affairs of mortal men, a pantheon
of gods demanding sacrifice and appeasement along with worship and adoration. All concepts
11
"Yu the Great." Wikipedia. January 25, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_the_Great.
12
The New Penguin History of the World. Pp. 139. Penguin Books. London. 2003. Print.
13
"Cradle of Civilization." Wikipedia. February 05, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization.
14
The New Penguin History of the World. Pp. 32-33. Penguin Books. London. 2003. Print.
15
"Ancient Mesopotamian Religion." Wikipedia. January 22, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion#Pantheon.
16
"Marduk." Wikipedia. December 13, 2018. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marduk.
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of the divine immediately connoted fear and reverence, as failure to honor the seasonal winds,
the rains, deceased ancestors, or the rivers could result in drought and famine.
Part Two: One God
The Bible states that God made a covenant with a man called Abram, commanding him to
travel west from the Euphrates to receive land in the western Levant, today called Israel and
Palestine.17 Abram obeyed God’s command and traveled west, where he is said to have had
two sons, his eldest by a maidservant named Hagar; his name was Ishmael, whom he would
later be forced to exile to the Arabian desert by his wife Sarah, who gave birth to Abraham’s
second son, Isaac.181920 Having received a new name and a promise from God that he would
father a great nation, Abraham reluctantly undertook the command of God to sacrifice Isaac on
Mount Zion, but God provided Abraham with a lamb just as he was preparing to carry out the
command.2122
Because Abraham obeyed God’s command unconditionally, God indeed made his
descendants numerous, and they came to occupy the land of Israel, a name decreed upon the
nation when God changed the name of Isaac’s son Jacob, who cheated his brother Esau out of
his inheritance with a bowl of soup given to his dying father.23 In Hebrew, the name Jacob
means “supplanter;” Israel means “Chosen of God.”2425
Israel’s descendants grew numerous, and Joseph was chosen by God to lead his people but
was sold into Egyptian slavery by his own brothers, who would themselves later enter the same
slavery.26 According to the book of Genesis, a great drought fell upon the Levant, causing a
famine.27 Joseph is said to have interpreted a dream for Pharaoh, the king of New Kingdom
Egypt.28 The Pharaoh was so impressed by Joseph’s interpretation that he placed Joseph in
charge of the entire Egyptian food supply.29
17
Holy Bible. Genesis 12:5.
18
19
20
21
22
Holy Bible. Genesis 22.
23
24
"Jacob." Wikipedia. January 23, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob.
25
"Israel ... The Chosen of God!" Israel, The Chosen of God ... A Voice In The Wilderness -
Canada. Accessed February 06, 2019.
http://www.avoiceinthewilderness.org/prophecy/sermon43.html.
26
27
28
29
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Unlike the civilizations around them, the Israelites had very little territory for cultivation and
thus had to rely upon pastoral animal husbandry, an individualistic enterprise assumed by a
single shepherd and perhaps his family, the breeding of livestock for wool, milk, and meat as a
primary means of sustenance. When rains failed to rejuvenate the grazed pastures of Palestine,
the Israelites looked to the agrarian River Valleys, most notably the Nile of Egypt, now some
sixteen-hundred years old and at the peak of its global preeminence. In poverty and tossed
between three regional empires, the Israelites eventually became enslaved to the Egyptians for
a period of approximately four-hundred years from the nineteenth century to the fifteenth
century B.C.30
During these years, the Israelites, along with other nations, were subjugated to Egyptian
rule, toil each day to construct ever more elaborate stone tombs for the pharaohs, whose
ancestors had previously commanded slave labor to construct burial mounds. The pyramid
came to be a symbol for eternal hierarchy, and its limestone blocks have proven more resistant
to centuries of Saharan sandstorms than have the burial mounds of the Old Kingdom rulers of
Egypt.
The tombs of the New Kingdom pharaohs contained their possessions and even the bodies
of their most cherished slaves.31 This ritual of burial with objects constitutes evidence of an
ancient Egyptian belief in the afterlife, where possessions and slaves might still be plausibly
needed. It suggests that the Egyptian gods were materialistic by nature, desirous of sacrifice
from the grain of the field and capable of transmigrating objects from one lifetime to the next,
as if accounts could be transferred from one body to the next.
The Bible then records that the Egyptians feared a slave uprising and had the infants of the
Israelites executed in mass.32 All but one perished. The single surviving child was lifted out of
the Nile in a basket by an Egyptian princess and given the name Moses.33 As a child, he was
treated well by the Egyptian royal family but came of age to discover that he had been adopted
from the Israelites toiling outside the royal palace.34 In his confusion and realization of the
grave injustices being perpetrated against his own people, Moses picked up a stone and
bludgeoned an Egyptian taskmaster over the head, killing him.35 He then fled south along the
Nile to the kingdom of Kush, modern day Sudan, where he remained for forty years until God
summoned him to liberate his people through a series of miracles in Egypt, culminating in the
death of every firstborn Egyptian child and the reluctant liberation of the Israelites by
30
"History in Light of the Biblical Worldview." Bible Timeline of Israelites Captivity in Egypt.
Accessed February 06, 2019. http://www.history-perspective.com/time_in_egypt.html.
31
32
Holy Bible. Exodus 1:20-21
33
Holy Bible. Exodus 2.
34
35
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Pharaoh.36
After leading his people to the shore of the Red Sea, facing the Sinai Peninsula, Moses used a
single staff of wood to part the waters of the Red Sea, leading his people to freedom and
drowning the Egyptian army in their pursuant tracks.3738 Moses then ascended to the summit of
Mount Sinai to receive the laws of God, written for him in stone.39 These laws are summarized
in the Ten Commandments and lay the ethical foundations for Judaism, the world’s first
monotheistic religion:
1- Have no other God before me.

2- Do not take the name of God in vain.
3- Do not make unto yourselves any graven images.
4- Do not steal.
5- Do not kill.
6- Do not commit adultery.
7- Remember to keep the sabbath day holy.
8- Honor your father and mother.
9- Do not bear false witness against a neighbor.
10- Do not covet.40
On the basis of these ten seemingly simple rules, the Israelites reconquered their land, since
occupied by polytheistic Canaanite tribes commonly called Phoenicians.41 The great Canaanite
cities of Jericho and Tyre facilitated trade between the East and Egypt. After reclaiming their
land, the Israelites anointed Saul to be their first king.42 He led Israelite efforts to defeat the
Philistines, the fiercest among the Canaanite tribes of the Levant, but only by the assistance of
David, a shepherd boy from the town of Bethlehem, who slayed the fiercest warrior of the
Philistines, Goliath, and captured Jerusalem as the new capital of Israel.4344 For these reasons,
Saul hunted and warred against David until dying in battle.4546 David then succeeded Saul as
king and was scion to the kings of Israel until the time of the Babylonian captivity in the sixth
century B.C.47
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Holy Bible. 1 Samuel 10:1.
43
Holy Bible. 1 Samuel 17.
44
45
46
47
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Prior to Babylon’s invasion of Israel and Judah, the prophet Jeremiah warned the people of
Israel to repent of their sins or suffer a foreign captivity.48 Rather than listening to the prophet’s
warning, the Israelites imprisoned and beat Jeremiah until the day of Jerusalem’s capture by
the Babylonian king, Nebuchadnezzar, who released Jeremiah from captivity and led his fellow
Israelites away into captivity.4950
In Babylon, the victorious Nebuchadnezzar reigned over the mightiest empire the world had
yet seen. His forces had just “laid waste the glory of Egypt” in a series of grueling campaigns
against the western Levant.51 In his splendor, the king fancied himself a god and melted down
gold seized in battle to erect a statue of himself in the capital center near modern Baghdad.52
There, he assembled the peoples under his rule and ordered them to fall on their knees and
worship the statue.53 All bowed down except for three Jewish teenagers who refused to
worship an idol of inanimate metal. Their names were Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.54 In
his rage, King Nebuchadnezzar threw the three young men into a fiery furnace, but when they
were miraculously delivered from the burning flames of the fire, King Nebuchadnezzar fell on
his own knees and worshipped the three men, who humbly thanked God for his deliverance.55
The book of Daniel, alleged to have been partly written by Nebuchadnezzar himself, records
that from that day forth, the Babylonians were ordered by royal decree to worship the God of
Israel.56 The miracles recorded in New Kingdom Egypt and Babylon give support to the notion
that the Israelites were God’s people, even and especially during hours of grave persecution
and injustice. It follows from that conclusion that the worship of a singular, loyal God is
preferable to the fearful appeasement of the many indifferent natural forces worshipped in
Egypt, Babylon, India, and China.
When Persia conquered Babylon in 512 B.C., the Israelites found themselves enslaved to a
new empire, one that worshipped a singular god, Zoroaster. Persia is unique in the spiritual
sense, because it was the first world superpower to embrace monotheism. God’s own people
were the fewest in number, with the smallest amount of land, and under the constant
competing influences of Egypt, Babylon, and Assyria to the north of Israel in modern day Turkey
and Syria. Persia, by contrast, commanded the allegiance of millions of people scattered across
a territory encompassing most of the modern Middle East from its capital at Persepolis in
modern day Iran.
48
Holy Bible. Jeremiah 40.
49
50
51
Holy Bible. Ezekiel 32:12.
52
Holy Bible. Daniel 2.
53
54
55
56
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The Persian god, Zoroaster, was said to be a god of tolerance and peace.57 From the spiritual
precept of tolerance, Persian rulers like Cyrus, who liberated the Israelites from Babylonian
captivity, and his son, Darius, learned to permit the peoples of the nations under their
dominion to keep their indigenous customs while paying taxes and supplying troops for Persia’s
conquering army.58
It was nonetheless under the reign of Darius, tempted by his own court officials, that the
Israelite prophet Daniel faced his greatest spiritual test when he refused to abstain from prayer
for a full month in subservience to the decree of King Darius.59 The punishment for violation of
the king’s decree was death by captivity in a den of hungry lions, but the lions refused to touch
Daniel.60 The king, beleaguered by a guilty conscience, rushed from his bed chamber late at
night to free Daniel from the lion’s den only to discover Daniel had tamed the lions.61
The miracle solidified the thoroughly tested faith of the Jewish people and converted Cyrus
to the worship of Yahweh, the Hebrew name for God.62 As a result of Persia’s conversion, the
emperor Artexerxes, a descendant of Cyrus, commissioned Nehemiah of the Israelites to
rebuild the Great Temple in Jerusalem and bring his people back to their native land, ravaged
by the invading Babylonian army years earlier.63
Persia’s ambitions proved uncontainable. Propelled forward by a philosophy of conquest as a

means of liberation and unification, Darius expanded the empire he inherited from his father
even further to encompass all of Egypt.64 Wherever the armies of Persia marched, they
emerged victorious and collected tribute from the peoples they bound together in political
union. With the taxes they collected, the Persians built a first-rate highway system to connect
all parts of their extensive empire and commissioned a courier service from the “administrative
center” of Persepolis.65
This infrastructure enabled the free exchange of both goods and ideas at a faster pace than
ever before in human history. The gods of the East came face to face with the pantheon of the
West, and the ruling Persian dynasty facilitating the entire exchange worshipped a single God,
whose name and people traveled across the Near East, spreading their monotheistic religion
wherever they went.
57
58
59
Holy Bible. Daniel 6:6.
60
61
62
63
Holy Bible. Nehemiah 2.
64
65
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Siddhartha Gautama was born a prince in Bodh Gaia, Northern India in the year 332 B.C. and
lived for eighty years.66 Though pampered and sheltered as a boy after his mother died from
childbirth, Gautama wandered away from his father’s palace in his late adolescence and
encountered suffering for the first time.67 From his experiences and meditation beneath the
Bodhi Tree, he surmised Four Noble Truths, his understanding of existence. They are as follows:
1-Suffering is real.
2-Desire leads to suffering.
3-The denial of desire cancels suffering.
4-Liberation, “moksha,” from the cycle of reincarnation, constitutes the cessation of suffering,
achieved by resistance to desire.
To assist his students in their quest for spiritual enlightenment, the Buddha, as he came to
be known, encouraged them to follow the Eightfold Path, a kind of Eastern Ten
Commandments. They are as follows:
1- Practice right views.

2- Practice right intention.
3- Practice right speech.
4- Practice right action.
5- Practice right livelihood.
6- Practice right concentration.
7- Practice mindfulness.
8- Practice meditation.68
When compared with the Ten Commandments, the Eightfold Path prescribes a series of
habits to be practiced rather than commandments to be obeyed by the conscious denial of our
desires. This delineation between Judaism and Buddhism marks a stark contrast between
Western and Eastern theology and establishes the philosophical basis for the differences in
governance and law that exist between the East and West to this day. Whereas Western
governments like the United States of America operate on the basis of exacting justice for
crimes committed, Eastern governments, such as the People’s Republic of China, use communal
surveillance as a tool for the inculcation of habits that encourage legalistic living by citizens, so
as to prevent both crime and punishment.
Orthodox Jews, who strictly adhere to the Ten Commandments, worship God on the last day
of the week, as prescribed by their law, whereas Buddhist monks practice daily meditation to
gain insight into the nature of their desires. From their worship of God, Jews claim to gain
enlightenment and revelations about the future. From their understanding of their own desires,
66
67
68
"Buddhism." Wikipedia. January 26, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism.
12
Buddhist monks believe they can achieve enlightenment without the assistance of anyone else,
including God. Jews believe in the blood sacrifice of lambs to atone for sins against their God
and to cancel the consequences of their own mistakes.69 Buddhists deny their fleshly desires to
achieve liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth. Judaism makes God the instrument of
Man’s redemption from his own inadequacies and sins. Buddhism makes Man the liberator of
himself from the consequences of his own desires.
Daniel predicted in his later years that a great king would one day emerge from the North, a
king who would “speak arrogantly against” God.70 This king was Alexander the Great, who lived
for just thirty-three years. Born in Macedonia as the son of King Phillip, conqueror of Thebes
and Athens, Alexander grew up in his father’s shadow but showed signs of political promise
from an early age, taming the wild horse Bucephalus and riding into battle against the Persians
shortly after the assassination of his father, a plot many historians believe Alexander himself to
have been involved in.71
If it is indeed true that Alexander conspired against his own father, then this would prove yet
another of Daniel’s prophecies true, that this king of the North would gain power by “deceit”
and “stealth.”72 However Alexander gained power, he wielded that power against his
adversaries with unprecedented skill in battle, enabling him to conquer the entire Persian
Empire from Greece in less than fifteen years.73 After declaring himself a god upon hacking his
way through the unbreakable Gordian knot with his sword, he declared himself master of Asia
and would eventually declare himself to be God before falling ill of a fever in the Indus Valley
and dying at the age of thirty-three, in fulfillment of yet another of Daniel’s prophecies of the
king of the North, that he would meet his end “with none to help him.” 7475
Alexander’s soldiers were indeed powerless to defeat the infection that ravaged his body in
his final days, proving him to be a mere mortal man and not a god, but the idea that Man could
be God infected the theology of Western Civilization emerging in Jerusalem, Athens, Sparta,
and later, Rome, so much so that monotheism became a subject of contention in much of the
69
"Buddhism." Wikipedia. January 26, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism.
70
71
Greek, Macedonian Always. "Alexander the Great History Channel Documentary." YouTube.
March 17, 2015. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORrtZbEMbwY.
72
73
74
75
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religious conversations of the Western World in the centuries just before the birth of Christ. In
Plato’s Apology, the famed philosopher Socrates suffered the sentence of poisoning by hemlock
when he refused to renounce his belief in a single god, a literary foreshadowing of the
martyrdom Jesus would face shortly after he said: “Father, if you are willing, take this cup from
my hand. Still, not my will, but your will be done.”7677
The Greeks officially worshipped a pantheon of gods adapted from the gods of Egypt and
Babylon. Just as in the Egyptian and Babylonian pantheons, a single god presided over the
Greek pantheon, Zeus, the god of lightning.78 Unlike the kings of other pantheons, however,
Zeus acquired his power through intrigue and betrayal, just like Alexander the Great. Legend
holds that Zeus and his siblings, the Titans, rose up against their father, Cronos. Since Zeus led
the successful revolt, he became king of the gods.79
Rebellion thus thoroughly engrained itself into the fiber of the very first Western religious
traditions, especially the Roman pantheon, adopted from Greece and Latinized to yield the
English names of the planets in our night sky.80 The Roman and Greek gods divided themselves
bilaterally, so to speak; the Apollonian camp, dominated by the messenger god Apollo,
commanded reason, harmony, and knowledge, whereas the Dionysian camp, dominated by the
god of wine, Dionysus, commanded pleasure, sensuousness, and chaos.81 This dualism in Greek
and Roman mythology had a profound impact on the later development of Christian concepts
of God and his adversary, Satan, who originally tempted the first couple in the Garden of Eden.
At the fall of Man, God promised to wage war against the seed of the serpent, the creature
Satan indwelt to lead Man astray, by making the heel of the woman’s offspring “bruise the
head” of the serpent’s seed.82 Even before this instigation of Man’s demise and the curse of
death that resulted from Man’s rebellion, Satan led a rebellion of one-third of the angels in
Heaven against God, the original reason for his expulsion to Hell along with one-third of the
angels of Heaven, who became demons.83 This story is eerily similar to the account of Zeus’s
rebellion against Cronos. Most notably, Zeus prevailed over Cronos by seizing control of Mount
Olympus. Satan and the demons of Hell have yet to prevail over God in seizing control of
Heaven. This disparity of outcome provided the theological tension underlying the clash
76
Plato. Apologia.
77
Holy Bible. Matthew 26:42.
78
"Zeus." Wikipedia. February 04, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeus#King_of_the_gods.
79
"Zeus." Wikipedia. February 04, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeus#King_of_the_gods.
80
"Religion in Ancient Rome." Wikipedia. February 01, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome.
81
"Apollonian and Dionysian." Wikipedia. January 11, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonian_and_Dionysian.
82
83
Holy Bible. Revelation 20.
14
between Jewish and Greek civilization when the forces of Alexander the Great conquered the
Levant. The denoted meaning of the Greek word “Lord” means “Baal.”84 Thus, when the
Pharisees and Jewish leaders wanted to insult a supposed heretic or false prophet, they came
to attribute his works to “the Lord,” or “Baal.”
The Book of Maccabees, excluded from Protestant Bibles, records a clash of the Jewish
people with their Greek, and later Roman, conquerors who worshipped the same pantheon; it
lionizes the life of Judas Maccabeus, a loyal follower of Yahweh, who led his people in vain to
violently revolt against foreign occupation, telling his soldiers that it “if the time had come,”
then they must face their enemies “with courage” and die for their faith.85 Judas’s violent
resistance to Roman occupation at first proved effective but later failed when the Romans
deployed reinforcements.86 His martyrdom on the battlefield intensified an already violent
struggle between monotheism and polytheism in the Levant.87
Though Judas died in battle, his defeat left a lasting impact in the minds of Jewish leaders in
the centuries that followed his death. Out of a natural desire to be free to worship as they saw
fit, the Israelites sought to forcibly break the shackles of their subjugation to the Hellenists and
Romans. They saw forceful revolution as their only means of liberation from the oppressive
decrees of polytheistic, pagan Europeans, including their forcible abolition of Judaism.88 Out of
fear for their God over fear for their imperial conquerors, the Jewish people desperately prayed
to Yahweh for a Mashiach who would deliver them from those who forbade his worship. Little
did they expect the savior he would send.
Over those centuries, the Romans, themselves established as a republic of Greek colonists
intermarried with Etruscan natives on the Italian peninsula, thoroughly taxed and pillaged the
possessions of the Jews, and the treasury of the Second Great Temple, later to be burnt by the
Romans in 70 A.D., provided no exception, as accounted in the story of Heliodorus’s futile
scheme to rob the Second Great Temple for taxes owed to Rome in Jerusalem.89 Upon his
arrival to loot the Temple treasury, Heliodorus dropped dead after an attack by angels, thus
demonstrating God’s fury against the polytheism of the Romans and Greeks.90
Into this atmosphere of oppression, scheming foreign officials, bribery, corruption, and the
clash of Titans against Yahweh, Jesus Christ, the man believed by Christians to be the promised
Jewish Messiah and by Muslims to be a prophet of God, was born in a manger to a Jewish virgin
84
"Baal." Wikipedia. February 17, 2019. Accessed February 24, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baal.
85
Holy Bible. 1 Maccabees 9.
86
87
88
89
90
15
and her carpenter husband in the year 0 A.D.91 He received baptism from John, a wilderness
preacher, and fasted for forty days before initiating a three-year preaching and miracle
working ministry.
Part Three: One God, Many Religions
The story of Jesus’s life is one of peasantry, fasting, prayer, and miracle working.92 I regard
the four ages of history as following the same series of theological stages. The Ancient Age of
Man’s theology featured the fearful trembling and reverence of farmers worshipping their
ancestors and the forces of nature, impoverished and relegated to subsistence farming from
one generation to the next. Classical theology necessitated a testing of the faiths by war, self-
denial, and persecution. Medieval theology witnessed Man’s retreat into prayer as a coping
mechanism and form of worship in a conflict-filled world of crusades and jihads. Globalist
theology should prioritize the elevation of the entire world above chaos and despair through
miracle working deeds of redemption.
Only in the dramatic conclusion of his earthly life does Christ’s ultimate purpose become
apparent. Jesus’s martyrdom on the cross at the age of 33 on charges of blasphemy and
reported resurrection three days later gave birth to the most transformative world religion the
world has ever seen.93 His teaching of “turning the other cheek” and “doing to your neighbor
what you would have them do to you” led to the logical conclusion of his martyrdom, as a man
grounded in the ethics of self-sacrifice had no other choice but to submit to persecution,
struggle, and even betrayal; Jesus was betrayed by one of his own disciples, Judas Iscariot, who
accepted a bribe to betray the Messiah.949596
The belief that self-sacrifice is a form of atonement for sins and misdeeds unites Christian
teaching with Buddhist and Hindu concepts of Karma. Out of the belief that Jesus made the
perfect sacrifice on the cross, himself being without sin, Christians repented to God of their
own sins in exchange for the Holy Spirit as a means of proclaiming to people around the world
that they too could be forgiven by God for their sins without starving or harming themselves or
others. This belief gave courage to the apostles and missionaries who followed in their
footsteps to proclaim the Gospel (Greek for “good news”) to the world.97
The Christian concept of a kind, forgiving, benevolent God is nothing short of revolutionary
in the history of Man’s understanding of God, to that point dominated by a struggle between
91
Holy Bible. Matthew 2.
92
Holy Bible. Matthew 4-25.
93
Holy Bible. Matthew 26-28.
94
95
96
Holy Bible. Matthew 26.
97
New American Bible. P. 1481. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Washington, D.C.
2010. Print.
16
the indifferent gods of the pantheon and the legalistic God of the Torah. Rather than being
arrogant and wrathful, the God of New Testament Christianity, the father of Jesus, is self-
abasing and merciful, assuming human form and sacrificing his only son for the world’s
salvation, a God of love and charity rather than hatred and retribution. The Apostle Paul,
himself a “notorious sinner” and persecutor of the early Christian Church, and men like him
spread the Gospel from Jerusalem to Greece, Rome, Ethiopia, Egypt, and India; many were
beheaded for their faith, but their work and martyrdom converted both Jews and Gentiles
across the Near East to the Christian faith.98
The Roman Empire’s worship of the gods and persecution of Christians continued for nearly
three centuries after Christ’s crucifixion; the Romans threw Christians to lions among other
forms of sadistic entertainment for bloodthirsty crowds. Emperor Nero’s persecutions so
brutally oppressed the Christian community that many of the faithful considered him to be the
Antichrist himself.
In 312 A.D., at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, Emperor Constantine claimed to have seen a
vision of a cross inscribed with the words: “In hoc signo, reges,” translated from Latin to mean
“In this sign, you will rule.”99 Constantine’s later victory in battle that day against seemingly
impossible odds converted him to Christianity and compelled the Roman Empire to adopt
Christianity as its official religion, thus uniting the old customs and calendar of polytheism with
the theology and ethics of monotheism.100
The collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D. would suggest that Christian ethics of
self-sacrifice compelled the Romans to open their borders and tax themselves to death as a
means of providing for the destitute, but in the words of the Church’s anointed founder, the
Apostle Peter, who first recognized Jesus as the Son of God, God is “no respecter of persons” or
their empires.101102103 He uses all people in all ages to fulfill his purposes. Just as the Apostle
Paul suffered prison and martyrdom at the hands of Rome to bring about its conversion, so too
did Rome sacrifice its resources and power to spread the Gospel to the Germanic and Celtic
tribes in Northwestern Europe. Rome became to Europe what Paul had been to Rome.
Rome’s collapse shifted the global center of political and economic power to Constantinople,
capital city of the then still flourishing Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines ruled over the land and
people Paul had evangelized to in his own lifetime, stretching from the eastern edge of the Alps
and around the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, then further south through the Nile
Valley, the eastern half of Alexander’s former Hellenistic empire.104 By merit of Byzantine
98
Holy Bible. Acts 28.
99
100
101
Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 1776.
102
Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 1776.
103
Holy Bible. Acts 10:34.
104
17
protection, Palestine and Jerusalem remained secure and relatively stable compared to the
overrun and overstretched Western Roman Empire for fully five centuries following the fall of
Rome as the political and economic center of the Western World.
The Byzantines maintained Roman Catholic faith in the God of the Bible and spread
Christianity throughout Europe, eventually contributing to the establishment of the Holy
Roman Empire under Charlemagne in 800 A.D. as a kind of revived Western Roman Empire; the
Byzantines facilitated the evangelization of East Africa as far south as Ethiopia.105106 Through
trade with the East, the Gospel reached India and China.107
In an age characterized by the shifting of economic power from the West to the East, the
trading centers of the Middle East once more provided fertile ground for the cultivation of new
religious traditions and beliefs from the exchange of competing world religions. A merciful God,
the father of Jesus Christ, worshipped in the West as a savior to all people, confronted the long-
held polytheistic traditions of animistic sun and fertility cults, obsessed with blood and sex,
preoccupied with position and rank, forever focused on sacrifice rather than forgiveness.
The clash between East and West took a spiritual context for the first time in the centuries
following the crucifixion of Christ, a war between two competing theologies for the souls of
people around the world. Jesus taught forgiveness and pacifism, but Hindus believed in karma
as a force for divine retribution, and Buddhists believed abstinence from the indulgence of
sensuous desire could rid the world of wrongdoing altogether.
Most of the peoples of the Middle East clung to tribal gods passed down from the dawn of
civilization in Mesopotamia, adapted over centuries of contact with Western and Eastern ideas
about God, reincarnation, Heaven, and Hell. Christian evangelization of the region during the
decades following the death of Jesus converted many Middle Eastern peoples to monotheism
for the first time in recorded history.
Though Judaism and Christianity gained traction in the region during the later Roman
Empire’s conversion and Byzantine missionary campaigns, the indigenous peoples of the Middle
East nonetheless desired to have a singular God of their own, a divine being who could fight on
their behalf against imperial invaders like the Romans, Greeks, and Moghuls. They needed a
God who could exact vengeance by smiting their conquerors with disaster while lifting the yoke
of colonial subservience from their own shoulders.
105
106
Aman, Aman &. "Ethiopian Ancient Architecture and The Ethiopian History - Documentary
(A Must Watch)." YouTube. July 07, 2012. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhdV6kiwZ1w.
107
18
Though it is true that contact with Greece and Rome made the Middle East richer and
exposed its people to new ideas about democracy and individualism, millennia of conquest and
totalitarian rule left the people of the Middle East with a longing for a conquering God.
The prophet Muhammad lived during the seventh century A.D. as a merchant who regularly
exchanged discourse on a variety of topics with traders from both the East and the West. His
reported vision of the Angel Gabriel in an Arabian cave gave rise to a monotheistic religion of
the Middle East, neither Eastern nor Western, Islam.108 The prophetic tradition of Islam and its
monotheistic theology makes it Abrahamic in origin, hearkening to Abraham’s elder son,
Ishmael, whom he banished along with his mother Hagar to the desert.109 This scripturally
strained relationship between a father and his son provided the theological underpinning for
the conflict between Jews and Arabs that has since engulfed the world.
The five pillars of Islam prescribed in the Quran are as follows:
1- Submission to Allah, Arabic for God. Islam means “submission” in Arabic.110

2- Alms for the poor.
3- Haji- a pilgrimage to Mecca
4- Prayer five times daily facing eastward toward Mecca (the direction of Ishmael’s
banishment).
5- Fasting.111
Seeing that the city of Jerusalem held such central importance to each of the three major
monotheistic religions, Muslims and Christians fought for control of the land formerly ruled
sovereignly by the descendants of King David. Moorish Muslim armies invaded Spain from
North Africa, and Crusaders poured into the Holy Land on orders from the Pope of Rome.112113
Though Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the West and Near East all worshipped one God, the
people of the East retained their polytheism or animism, adapted over millennia of civilizational
development. The Mongols of the upper steppes of East Asia, bordering China, embraced a
materialistic worldview of conquest, plunder, and subjugation reminiscent of the Egyptians and
Babylonians. They rode into battle in mass, showing no fear of God, led only by their leader, a
horseman, king, and warrior named Genghis Khan.114
108
109
"Muhammad." Wikipedia. February 3, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad.
110
"I. The Meaning of Islam." Darwish - Bitaqat Hawiyyah (ID Card). Accessed February 06,
2019. http://www.barghouti.com/islam/meaning.html.
111
"Five Pillars of Islam." Wikipedia. January 25, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam.
112
113
114
"Genghis Khan." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan.
19
Khan led an army mounted on horseback across East Asia during the twelfth century,
conquering all of China and extending his power into Central and Southern Asia before leaving
his throne to an heir, his son, Kublai Khan.115 The Khans conquered all of southern Asia and
Eastern Europe in just under a century, subjugating Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike, without
discrimination. Their imperious disregard for the God of Abraham, Jesus, and Muhammad
doesn’t mean that they did not believe in God, merely that they did not observe the commands
of the God worshipped by Jews, Christians, and Muslims. It could very well be possible that the
Khans fashioned themselves gods just as Alexander the Great had nearly sixteen-hundred years
earlier, but it is more likely that they adopted the Chinese tradition of ruling by the Mandate of
Heaven, given by the Chinese ancestors to their most favored descendants.116
The nomadic lifestyle characteristic of Mongolian civilization did much to further accelerate
the exchange of ideas among the world’s five major religions and enabled the development of a
Great Silk Road from Beijing to Venice, protected in the East by the Great Wall of China,
constructed to prevent the encroachment of China’s borders by Mongol invaders.117118
Turkey possessed in the Medieval Age what used to be called Anatolia and Asia Minor in the
days of Caesar and Alexander the Great, the known world’s most valuable commercial real
estate for its central location as the peninsula connecting Europe with Asia at the Bosporus
Strait. It later became the capital-province of the Byzantine Empire under Orthodox Christian
rule. The Church experienced a schism between the Eastern and Western Church over the
origin of the Holy Spirit at the beginning of the eleventh century. Roman Catholic Christians
believed it came from the sanction of the Pope. Eastern Orthodox Christians believed it came
from God’s blessing.119
This sudden split in Christendom enabled Muslim Turks living in Constantinople to intermarry
with Byzantine Christians, eventually gaining political power for Islamic clerics and renaming
the city Istanbul, the capital of a newly created Ottoman dynasty forged under Osman the
Great and his son, Orkhan, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.120 Ottoman warriors
adopted the missionary zeal of Christianity and the swiftness in battle of Mongol horsemen to
forcibly convert much of Eastern Europe to Islam.121 The military success of the Ottoman
115
"Kublai Khan." Wikipedia. February 05, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kublai_Khan.
116
"Mandate of Heaven." Wikipedia. January 08, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven.
117
118
119
"East–West Schism." Wikipedia. January 19, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East–West_Schism.
120
121
The New Penguin History of the World. P. 386-388. Penguin Books. London. 2003. Print.
20
Empire forged over four centuries from 1200 to 1600 A.D. made Islam a part of daily
conversation in most of Europe.
Centuries of contact and war between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity made the
independently minded peoples of the Holy Roman Empire and the emerging nation states of
France and England most inclined to revise their Roman Catholic theology in light of revelations
from other parts of the world since the fall of Rome a millennium earlier. The stifling legalism of
the Roman Catholic Church compelled one of its most loyal monks to publish ninety-five
criticisms of its corrupt practices, including the sale of indulgences for divine forgiveness.122 The
monk’s name was Martin Luther, and the movement he inspired compelled Christian dissidents
seeking freedom from Catholic oppression to flee, but they could go nowhere as long as the
Ottoman Empire ruled the Near East, and the Mongols reigned over the East. Their movement
came to be called Protestantism, in protest against the Catholic Church.123
Part Four: One God for One World
Columbus’s discovery of the Americas in 1492 opened the possibility of a trade route
between Western Europe and East Asia that excluded the Ottoman Empire and Constantinople
as middlemen. Magellan’s circumnavigation of the world in the following century made that
possibility a reality and opened the East to Christian conversion, free from Islamic interference,
in addition to two entirely unexplored continents inhabited by millions of their own indigenous
peoples worshipping pagan gods and engaging in human sacrifice at places like Tenochtitlan,
capital of the Aztec Empire, modern day Mexico City.124
The allure of going West in the tradition of Abraham has since driven the course of Christian
evangelization and the progression of modern civilization. Manifest Destiny, the term coined in
the 1840s, nearly seventy years after the American Revolution fought in part over the right of
westward expansion, to describe the phenomenon of America’s insatiable desire to go further
West, defines not just America’s imperial destiny, but the destiny of evangelizing efforts across
the world.125126 Wherever Christian civilization has laid its foundations, it has inevitably
converted the people it engages in trade with, wars against, and works alongside.
Many critics of America’s imperial past will argue and write that Christian Europeans
snatched and stole land from beneath the feet of the indigenous peoples of America, but they
neglect to mention the brutal human sacrifice routinely practiced in public ritual fashion by the
tribes of Mesoamerica, their sacrificial rituals in which hundreds, and sometimes even
122
123
Luther, Martin. Ninety-Five Theses. 1517.
124
Dunstan, J. Leslie. Protestantism. George Braziller, Inc. 1961. Print.
125
"Royal Proclamation of 1763." Wikipedia. February 04, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763.
126
Weinstein, Allen and Rubel, David. The Story of America. Pp. 229-230. DK Publishing. New
York. 2002. Print.
21
thousands, of socially undesirable, dispossessed, or otherwise indentured and enslaved people

were forced to spill their own innocent blood upon the stones of Maya, Aztec, Olmec, and
Toltec temples to the needless appeasement of a pantheon of natural forces. Pagan priests
would cut and rip the still-beating hearts from the bleeding chest cavities of their screaming
victims and offer them as living sacrifices to the wind, rains, and sun. In every respect, the
Native American tribes viewed the individual human life as a mere object of sacrifice, a thing to
be discarded at the earliest need and most urgent inconvenience of the tribe or greater good.
In the very act of writing this document, a hacker hijacked my keyboard, forcing my hand to add
an extra o to the word “people.”
It is sad to consider the sheer disregard for human life exhibited by so many people
throughout the world both now and throughout the recorded past, the attitude that supposes
all people can be purchased and disposed of for a price, that there is no inherent right of each
individual to determine his or her own destiny, and that life is an inherently exploitative
enterprise, a game won by those willing to sell the most. This is the attitude undertaken by a
people who see themselves as playthings of the gods, pawns in a divine game of chess played
from the dawn of time, without individual will and without personal sovereignty. It is the very
cultural corrosion that is currently dispossessing the Western World, as materialistic
Westerners have abandoned the God of Judaism and Christianity in favor of gods of their own
making: computers that can predict the future, plants that can generate oxygen, cure diseases,
and produce food, algae that can yield fuel, televisions that understand our desires, software
that twists our words by deleting the letter ‘a’ from ‘disease’ as we type it with our own hands.
Their inhuman rituals and traditions detrimentally and unduly defined and determined the
destinies of countless innocent people, whose descendants would have likely suffered for
generations and even centuries longer without European conquest of their oppressors and
liberation of themselves. These critics and detractors also neglect to mention the widespread
practice of slave trading among the warring tribes of the Pre-Columbian Americas, including the
slave labor economy of the Incas, so infamously subjugated and conquered by the conquistador
Pizarro.127
The United States of America, for all intents and purposes, fought against itself in two tribes
from 1861 to 1865 to establish the moral precedent of slavery’s abolition as the progressive
theme of modern history. In the most spiritual terms, this distinctly American sacrifice can
never be understated in the elevation it delivered to the human condition. Brazil became the
last country to abolish slavery in 1888.
Max Weber described the Protestant Ethic as a calling placed upon each Christian convert’s
life to spread the Gospel by undertaking a mission, be it a good work as prescribed by the
Catholic Church or the establishment of a church congregation.128 America’s fundamental
127
"Slavery among Native Americans in the United States." Wikipedia. February 05, 2019.
Accessed February 06, 2019.
128
Weber, Max. Protestant Ethic. 1930.
22
respect for religious liberty and free speech comes from a history stained with the blood of
religious dissidents and martyrs dying to spread their beliefs to as many converts as possible.
If America collapses and is conquered by a conglomerate of nations in the way godless Nazi
Germany and the Soviet Union were dismembered at the end of World War II and the Cold War
respectively, then its people will likely flee to other nations or be taken there captive. Just as
Rome collapsed for the sake of converting Europe, so America will fall for the sake of converting
East Asia, namely China, in perfect alignment with the westward tradition of Manifest Destiny
that has defined the directional spread of the Gospel across the earth from Jerusalem since the
time of Paul.
Though much of East Asia clings to communism and the atheism dictated by its philosophy,
fascination with all things mystical is natural to the human condition and cannot be stamped
out by any political force. The human spirit longs for the supernatural. It yearns to break the
bounds of nature, and this is pervasive in the philosophy of Eastern culture in stories like the
legend of Yu the Engineer, who conquered the unconquerable Yangtze River.
Even today’s Chinese Communist Party retains its legitimacy by a kind of appeal to the
Chinese belief in rule by divine right, using computers, surveillance, and artificial intelligence to
transform itself into a kind of collective god. Should its technological capabilities ever be
undermined, its legitimacy will soon collapse and the disillusioned people of the East will look
toward the mystical once again for answers to life’s most fundamental problems. The Church,
already thoroughly established in the East, will be there, in homes, in churches, or in jails,
spreading the Gospel throughout the region.
Already, a fundamental battle brews between Islamic civilization, dominant for centuries in
the Middle East, and Ecocommunist civilization in the East, a relatively recent innovation of the
past century. The East’s abandonment of Buddhism, Confucianism, Shinto, Taoism, Jainism, and
other indigenous spiritual traditions in favor of pure nature and technology worship in the
modern era will ultimately prove harmful to the spiritual cohesion of the people living in East
Asia, enabling Islamic civilization to gain even further territory along the ancient Silk Road,
currently in reconstruction under the leadership of China.
Though Islamic militaries have historically employed brutal tactics to subjugate their
enemies, the theology underlying their religion is the same monotheism underlying Judaism
and Christianity. For this most fundamental reason, the three are likely to find common ground
in such a geopolitical scenario. The existence of a prophet after Jesus does not preclude the
possibility of Jesus’s return, nor does the existence of a Messiah preclude the reality of a latter-
day prophet.
Therefore, Muslims will be much more receptive to Judeo-Christian principles and teachings
than those of Communist China. India and Indonesia, just to the south of China, are home to
hundreds of millions of the world’s two billion Muslims. When combined together, Christians
and Muslims constitute more than one half of the world’s population, marking the first time in
23
human history, at the dawn of the sixth millennium, that more than one half of the world’s
population believes in a singular God.
Many Muslims living in the emerging Southern Caliphate will grow disillusioned with its
unforgiving laws and oppressive decrees. They will convert to Christianity in their search for
relief from political oppression over the next four centuries. Eventually, a plurality of the people
living in the Southern Caliphate will begin to worship Jesus Christ as the Mashiach of the Jews,
likely around the year 2800 A.D.129
Monotheism will only grow stronger in the coming millennium. If Russia and Europe are
decimated in World War III, then their recovery and reconstruction could bring about a Roman
Catholic Revival in the nations of the North following on the heels of three centuries of nihilistic
materialism in the twenty-first century. The Americas are already home to much of the world’s
Catholic population and will also experience a similar revival over the next four-hundred years
as Islam envelopes all of Southern Asia. Christianity and Islam will continue to struggle for souls
and territory in Africa, with Christianity maintaining its sub-Saharan strongholds in the
mountain monasteries of Ethiopia, and Islam maintaining its militias, among them Boko Haram,
in Nigeria.
The clash of Islam and Christianity will compel the rebuilt nations of Eurasia to unite as a
singular political unit around the year 2400, and Roman Catholicism will be the religion
undergirding their social organization. This Eurasian Union will constitute a reincarnated Roman
Empire, nearly a dozen times larger than the first. As this empire grows in strength over four-
hundred years from 2400 to 2800 A.D., it will convert much of East and South Asia to
Catholicism, compelling the Islamic nations of the Southern Caliphate to unify with Protestant
Christians living in their midst.
By 2800 A.D., the Eurasian Union, having thoroughly Catholicized the Americas and
Southeast Asia, will extend political representation to those regions in a new government, the
Northern Union, a democratic republic of the nations against the besieged Southern Caliphate,
by that point eight centuries old.
Over the four-hundred years after 2800 A.D., the Northern Union will gradually conquer the
Southern Caliphate, establishing a global government ruled from Rome around the year 3200
A.D., marking the reunification of the nations scattered from Babylon nearly five millennia
earlier, formally united under the Cross of Calvary at the conclusion of the Globalization Age.
130131
129
"Messiah in Judaism." Wikipedia. January 17, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism.
130
www.walvoord.com. "10. The King Of The North." Bible.org. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://bible.org/seriespage/10-king-north.
131
Genesis 11
24
The spiritual power made available to humanity by the creation of a global church is
fathomable yet inconceivable to the twenty-first century mind, a mind shaped by the contours
of the clash between the Christian West, the Islamic Middle East, and the Ecocommunist East.
Such a world is nonetheless possible to those who dare to risk everything for its creation.
A globalist utopia comes to mind, a united world without misunderstanding and

consequently without war, a world without ignorance and consequently without poverty,
without factions and consequently without division, without concentrations of access and
consequently without disparities of information. For the first time in human history, universal
consciousness could become a tangible reality, a world of common spirit, common purpose,
common knowledge, and common value. All thoughts would be known to all. All perspectives
would be shared by all. All experience would be possible to all. Above all else, all would worship
the same God.
25
THE GRAND
REDEMPTION
2800 B.C.- India
2400 B.C.- China
1200 B.C.- Babylon
800 B.C.- Persia
400 B.C.- Macedonia
0 A.D.- Rome
1200 A.D.- Ottoman
Empire
1600 A.D.- America
2400 A.D.- Eurasian
Union

TOMORROW: PART 2: THE KINGDOM
CHRISTOPHER WATSON
The Wave of Power
Wherever there have existed people, there have existed tribes, and wherever there have
existed tribes, there have inevitably existed chiefs. The disparities wrought by religion,
geography, and economics naturally divide humanity into tribes of people scattered across the
earth. Wherever people live together in community with one another, they are obliged by a
common desire for peace and prosperity through cooperation to institute politically
determined laws, a set of standards governing the conduct and behavior of all people living in a
society.
26
Cities institute ordinances; states, nations, and empires institute laws; through the
instruments of war and peace, nations negotiate the terms of international law, a vision as yet
unperfected in any persistent and substantial way, nonetheless achievable in a world without
religious conflict, borders, disparities of knowledge, and poverty, the world of the year 3200
A.D., a long sought utopian vision pursued by philosophers, statesmen, and soldiers in all ages
and nations.
The tendency to regard those with whom we are unfamiliar as “barbarians,” “infidels,” or
“imperialists” is a survival instinct and persists in all epochs, but it has the paradoxically
miraculous effect of piquing human curiosity so as to eventually facilitate the exchange of
ideas, inventions, and goods between peoples, bringing them closer together over many
centuries and driving the development of civilization forward. Viewed in the light of this
perspective, the current culture clash between the Christian West, Islamic Middle East, and
Ecocommunist East is but the passing of this mutual mistrust that has historically characterized
inter-civilizational relationships, a mistrust that will only cease with the advent of a global
civilization.
Today, the international legalistic philosophy is called globalism, a belief that the
governments of the nations are accountable for their actions to a community of other nations
out of a shared interest in creating and maintaining world peace. In its most recent articulation,
globalism is a totalitarian technocracy ruled by the Northern Powers: the United States of
America, the European Union, the Russian Federation, and the People’s Republic of China. The
nations of the South, namely the Third World, are subject to the decrees of the supposedly
“developed and developing” superpowers of the North and East.
Guided by a secular philosophy of clear separation between religion and politics, these
nations have instituted a system of treaties over the past four-hundred years to encourage and
even impose the secularization of government in the Southern Hemisphere, formerly colonized
or ruled by proxy from Europe, Russia, and America for most of the past two centuries. Chinese
Maoism’s recent adoption of Western secularism in the last century made the philosophy
dominant in international law.
The coming revolt against secularism by the nations of the South will mark the beginning of a
new Middle Ages, characterized by crusading wars of Islamic jihadism and Christian
fundamentalism clashing against the war machine constructed since the Napoleonic Era.
Chairman Mao famously said that “Political power flows from the barrel of a gun,” but in the
five-thousand two-hundred years of civilization’s recorded history, the most celebrated leaders
were those who united the greatest numbers of people over the largest territories to fulfill
visions of futures as yet unconceived.132 The power of the conquerors Ramses II, Cyrus,
Alexander the Great, Caesar, Genghis Khan, Osman the Great, and Napoleon came from their
capacity to inspire men to fight and die for ideals and principles higher than themselves. They
132
"From the Barrel of a Gun, Etc." Warscapes. April 06, 2015. Accessed February 10, 2019.
http://www.warscapes.com/retrospectives/zimbabwe/barrel-gun-etc.
27
commanded in the hearts of disillusioned, violent, oppressed men, young and old alike, what
the great spiritual teachers of all ages brought forth in the souls of the despairing and the
hopeless.
Recall from Part One: The Spirit that the development of civilization can be divided into four
congruent time spans of sixteen-hundred years each, summarized as follows:
cultures, the Roman Catholic Northern Union and the Islamic Southern Caliphate, that will
eventually clash to create a singular world culture by the year 3200 A.D.134 The resulting global
civilization will be characterized by a singular world religion, a singular world government,
world peace, and world trade.
133
134
"Polarity (international Relations)." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 06,
2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations).
28
I have chosen this order because it reflects the dependency of political power upon matters
of the spirit and of economic prosperity upon the discoveries and inventions of science. Though
political power does indeed flow from the use of weaponry in battlefield combat against a
declared enemy, its legitimacy originates from shared values, religion, and economic interests.
Shared values make common respect for the law possible. Shared religion makes common
morals possible. Shared economic interests make cooperation the only logical course of action.
Economic interests arise from the implementation of new modes of production and the
obsolescence of old modes of production. The recent rise of automation and artificial
intelligence not only threatens to upend the existing economic order. The Internet promises to
revolutionize politics, making governments more accountable for abuses of political power to
their constituents than ever before in recorded human history. The best efforts of totalitarian
regimes to stifle free speech on the Internet will only encourage the invention of
communication technologies more efficient than the Internet, just as the best efforts of those
regimes to disarm their peoples will only result in the invention of new weaponry.
The friction of empowered elite struggling to suppress the will of the people only encourages
the people to find ways around the parameters and limitations imposed upon them by the elite.
This unceasing innovation by the people serves to stifle and limit the power of the elite by
naturally redistributing power, information, or resources from the empowered to the
disempowered. In America, it used to be called meritocracy. Today, it is called capitalism, an
oppressive economic regime to be overthrown by Molotov cocktail throwing protestors who
smash ATM machines and burn private property in the name of asserting their frustrated
potential and enflamed political will.
These disillusioned young people have good reason to be angry. They have come of age in a
society that promised them a life of convenience, luxury, and meritocracy. Instead they have
inherited a world ravaged by what Huntington called the Clash of Civilizations.135 The secular,
formerly Christian, West is confronting the reality of a shift in geopolitical power from the West
to the East for the first time in eight-hundred years. This will mean the loss of first Western
political and then financial sovereignty over the next four-hundred years.136 This is the
fundamental reason young people coming of age in the Western world are protesting. They
fully understand what their parents don’t yet grasp: the West is no longer best, at least not the
most powerful.
To a generation raised in the aftermath of the West’s supposed Cold War victory over the
East, a generation raised to believe they could “be anything they wanted to be,” this reality is
especially bitter. It means living lifetimes of unfulfilled childhood expectation with the nagging
135
Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations. 1991.
136
Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. 1987.
29
sense of being cheated out of something that was supposed to have been their birthright but
was never really theirs to begin with, the American Dream.
Combine a fifty percent divorce rate in the secular West with widespread distrust of
government institutions to add even further resentment to this social Molotov cocktail, and the
recipe for political unrest is nearly ready to blow.137 When it does, the world will tremble. The
frustrated ambitions of American youth will come face to face with the tyranny of a world that
is indifferent to its wishes and unconcerned with its needs. Some young Americans will engage
the world in mortal combat on behalf of the hollowed out American Dream, shedding their own
blood and laying down their own lives for the forgiveness of debts incurred by previous
generations of complacent congresses and war mongering industrialists.
In rage and resentment, others will take to the streets and break down the walls of banks,
smashing corporate capitalism, the instrument of Western civilization’s economic growth for
four centuries since the establishment of the Virginia Company and Jamestown in 1607. Should
the United States enter the Third World War without the military support of Western Europe,
Latin America, India, and Canada, it will eventually find itself outgunned and outmaneuvered,
surrounded on all four sides by hostile foreign armies and divided from within by warring
parties, all fueled by tribalism. This is a simple matter of geography and demographics, not will.
Not even technology could save the Nazi Third Reich from conquest on all four sides by
overwhelming force.
In the wreckage, the East will emerge victorious, and much of the Near East will remain in
ruins for decades. The reconstruction of Western Civilization will take four-hundred years, but
in its reconstructed form, it will cease to be Western and instead become Northern.
Part One: Eastern Collectivism
The farmers who first cultivated the Nile River Valley were practical people by necessity.
After all, not working meant not eating, but before they could securely enjoy the fruits of their
own labor, the first Egyptians first had to settle a territorial dispute between two competing
groups of farmers. One group cultivated the Nile Delta along the Mediterranean coastline of
North Egypt, home to the present-day metropolis and port city of Alexandria. The other group
cultivated land along the banks of the South Nile. Historians refer to the two groups as Lower
and Upper Egypt respectively.138
137
Jacoby, Sarah. "Here's What The Divorce Rate Actually Means For You." Marijuana
Legalization State Vs Federal Law, Scheduling. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2017/01/137440/divorce-rate-in-america-statistics
138
"Upper and Lower Egypt." Wikipedia. January 29, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Egypt.
30
The counterintuitive names originate from the northward flow of the Nile toward the
Mediterranean from Lake Victoria in East Africa. Land along the southern banks is “further up”
the river than delta land along the Mediterranean coast.139
As long as the two groups competed and occasionally warred with each other over control of
the uncultivated land between their two civilizations, they never achieved the greatest possible
surplus of grain for their peoples. Old Kingdom Egyptian civilization as we understand it today
originated under the leadership of one visionary man, Menes the Great, who united Upper and
Lower Egypt to establish the singular kingdom of Egypt around 3000 B.C.140
The dynasty Menes founded inaugurated the development of civilization by its manifestation
of the principle that unity is more beneficial and profitable to all people living in a civilization
than division. This is the most basic political axiom of all governments in all eras. Wherever a
kingdom or nation has been at war with itself, it has always fallen prey to the invading armies of
rival kingdoms or nations. As both a natural and social principle, this makes logical sense.
In nature, an organism at war with itself is said to be cancerous. In society, two groups of
people can never achieve their greatest collective potential when each is wasting its own
resources fighting against the other.
Describing the sociological mechanism responsible for this inevitable collision of societies,
H.G. Wells wrote that “when men began to move with set intention from place to place with
their animal and other possessions, then they would begin to develop the idea of other places
in which they were not, and to think of what might be in those other places. And in any valley
where they lingered for a time, they would, remembering how they got there, ask: ‘How did
this or that other thing get here? They would begin to wonder what was beyond the mountains,
and where the sun went when it set, and what was above the clouds?’”141
This insatiable desire to see and discover more inevitably pushes rival civilizations into
conflict with each other, forcing them to reconcile their differences through trade, dialogue, or
war.
The farming families of the Indus Valley united in likewise manner to the Egyptians in
establishing their own civilization, likely with a similar degree of territorial dispute and rivalry
throughout the entire process, but their capacity to construct gridded streets after the pattern
of their fields demonstrates a remarkable degree of administration that must have been
139
"Upper and Lower Egypt." Wikipedia. January 29, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Egypt.
140
"Menes." Wikipedia. December 20, 2018. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menes.
141
Wells, H.G. The Outline of History: Volume 1. P. 124. Garden City Books. Garden City. 1949.
Print.
31
commanded to bring order to the streets of the ancient Indus Valley, similarly demonstrated in
Egypt by the construction of stone burial mounds for kings and later, pharaohs.142143
Both civilizations united around the necessity of seeking military protection from outside
invaders and a shared interest in maximizing their own agricultural productivity. Necessity and
shared interest compelled them to adopt laws establishing private property allotted to the
most productive farmers who could produce the largest surpluses to pay taxes for the military
protection of the civilization.144 Thus the first private property’s purpose was to maximize
surplus so as to maximize security.
By enabling the most productive farmers to own the largest fields, Egypt’s new government
established the world’s first meritocracy and social hierarchy in order to secure a steady
revenue of grain to feed its soldiers. This was the economic engine that drove Egypt to lead the
world in political power by the year 1600 B.C., and it has since been emulated in the political
economies of Rome, Britain, and the United States of America.
The people of early India were no doubt guided in their politics by the hierarchical caste
system established by their Hindu religion as a means of facilitating agricultural production and
civic undertakings like the construction of streets. The divine institution of karma provided an
unspoken legitimacy to the hierarchy and encouraged the establishment of laws oppressive to
the lower castes and members of ancient Indian society while empowering to the upper castes
and patriarchal elites, laws preserved in Hindu tradition today. For example, the Laws of Manu,
Hindu ethical code, decree that: “In childhood, a female must be subject to her father, in youth
to her husband; when her lord is dead, to her sons; a woman must never be independent.”145
This unquestioning Hindu dismissal of a woman’s independence and capacity to think for
herself has systematized the oppression of women in Indian society for thousands of years
now. In recent years, Western media routinely documented the phenomenon of Hindu couples
abandoning baby girls out of the inability or lack of desire to pay dowries for marriage.146
The story of Yu the Great, who lived from 2123 to 2025 B.C., perfectly epitomizes the
Chinese political tradition in its infancy. Just as the peoples of the Nile and Indus River Valleys
united around the necessity of stability and the desire for prosperity, the peoples of the
142
143
144
Mark, Joshua J. "Ancient Egyptian Taxes & the Cattle Count." Ancient History Encyclopedia.
February 09, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/article/1012/ancient-
egyptian-taxes--the-cattle-count/.
145
Renou, Louis. Hinduism. George Braziller. P. 120. New York. 1961. Print.
146
Mohanty, Ranjani Iyer. "Trash Bin Babies: India's Female Infanticide Crisis." The Atlantic. May
25, 2012. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/05/trash-bin-babies-indias-female-
infanticide-crisis/257672/.
32
Yangtze River Valley united under the leadership of one man. Yu the Engineer first constructed
canals to divert the flow of the flooding river, saving nascent Chinese civilization from natural
disaster and enabling his people to feed ever more people.147
Chinese technocracy stands on the principle that the person who best understands
technology is the most qualified to lead society. This political tradition hearkens back to the
Eastern reverence for nature and its forces, both creative and destructive. Reverence for the
forces of nature would incline a people to choose the person most capable of harnessing its
forces to lead their civilization forward.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship later established the Mandate of Heaven, the
selection of emperors according to their favor with deceased ancestors, as a source of political
legitimacy for the Chinese emperors, but the story of Yu the Great (the Engineer), the founder
of the Wu Dynasty, is indelible in Chinese history and is the unshakable foundation of
technocracy in Chinese law and politics.148 The Chinese Communist Party’s efforts in recent
years to establish a communal surveillance state speak to its own recognition of this reality.149
Since agriculture requires collectivistic enterprise, commanding the labor of many dozens of
people in some cases, it’s role in the foundation of the River Valley Civilizations naturally lent
itself to the establishment of laws favoring the rights of the community over the rights of the
individual within the community. This is the economic origin of the totalitarian tradition in the
politics of the East, as a political system favoring the rights of the community over those of the
individual also favors leaders who embody the collective will of the community against the
individual rights of dissidents, rebels, and outsiders.
The first laws did not originate out of discussions over higher principles and philosophical
discourses; rather, they were born of necessity to unite ever larger groups of people in
agricultural production. The institutions created to administer those first laws attempted to
codify what is intuitively understood to be divine, universal consciousness. By uniting people
with common laws, however oppressive or misguided the laws might have been, these first
governments brought unprecedented numbers of people together in common action and
common knowledge of each other’s shared interests and desires.
Ancient Sumerians living in Mesopotamia during the reign of Hammurabi (605-562 B.C.)
elevated political law to its most formal codification yet when they agreed to abide by the
147
"Yu the Great." Wikipedia. January 25, 2019. Accessed February 06, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_the_Great.
148
"Mandate of Heaven." Wikipedia. January 08, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven.
149
Cimpanu, Catalin. "China's Cybersecurity Law Update Lets State Agencies 'pen-test' Local
Companies." ZDNet. February 09, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://www.zdnet.com/article/chinas-cybersecurity-law-update-lets-state-agencies-pen-test-
local-companies/.
33
Hammurabi Code, a set of statutes governing the conduct of all people living in the cities under
Hammurabi’s rule.150 Mesopotamia’s administration of government consisted of a priesthood
to maintain divine legitimacy, a bureaucracy to carry out the functions of taxation and
spending, and a military to protect territory and enforce laws.151 The first of its statutes reads:
“If a man commits murder, that man must be killed,” thus thoroughly establishing the sanctity
of human life as the concern of the law.152
Though reminiscent of Hindu karma, this statute took karma out of the hands of the gods
and placed it into the hands of the government, a key development in political philosophy.
Once governments gained the capacity to play God, their members began to fancy themselves
as serving a purpose higher than themselves, creating the credo of public service and the public
good we now call collectivism. In the name of the public good, people could be deprived of
their rights, taxed, pillaged, and even executed. The individual citizen ceased to have
significance outside of the institution of the law.
Part Two: Western Individualism
New Kingdom Egyptians enjoyed the benefits made possible by centuries of formalized law,
enforced through the taxation of agricultural surpluses for the outfitting of armies to protect
the land of Egypt. Over more than two millennia, the Egyptians enjoyed the most prosperous
civilization in the entire known world. In that time, the Egyptians enslaved the peoples they
conquered, including the Biblical Israelites of the Old Testament Torah.153 The peoples of Upper
and Lower Egypt used their political unity as the impetus to deprive other peoples of their
sovereignty. Pharaohs like Ramses II also declared themselves to be gods, creating history’s first
mass personality cults.154 For these reasons, they incurred the hatred of the nations. Their
wealth became legendary throughout the world, drawing forth the envy of other civilizations,
most notably the Babylonians, who occupied the land of Mesopotamia (Greek for “land
between the two rivers”).155
150
"Code of Ur-Nammu." Wikipedia. January 03, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Ur-Nammu.
151
Hallo, William W., Simpson, William Kelly. The Ancient Near East: Second Edition. Thornson
Learning Inc. Belmont. Print. P. 176. 1998.
152
"Code of Ur-Nammu." Wikipedia. January 03, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Ur-Nammu.
153
Holy Bible. Exodus.
154
Mark, Joshua J. "Pharaoh." Ancient History Encyclopedia. February 06, 2019. Accessed
February 10, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/pharaoh/.
155
"Mesopotamia." Wikipedia. February 03, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia.
34
Nebuchadnezzar II, king of Babylon, laid siege to Egypt in 601 B.C. and again in 568 B.C.156 His
war against the Egyptians was so legendary that it is recorded in the Biblical book of
Jeremiah.157 The Babylonian king surpassed the unprecedented arrogance of the Egyptian
pharaoh, who was a living man, by constructing a statue of inanimate gold to himself and
ordering all of the peoples under his dominion to worship it.158 The later conquest of Babylon
by Cyrus the Great of Persia following Nebuchadnezzar’s literal insanity and imprisonment
suggests divine recompense against the arrogance of the Babylonians, themselves previously
the instruments of God’s wrath against the land of Egypt.159160161
Monotheistic Persia proved more extensive and pervasive than both Babylon and Egypt
before it. Its domain extended across the entire Near East to the borders of India and China.162
Its thorough and efficient administrative center at Persepolis facilitated the quick exchange of
goods, wealth, and ideas along an ancient highway system connecting the East with the
West.163 Its tolerance for the indigenous customs of the peoples it subjugated enabled its
officials to efficiently raise taxes from the peoples of the Near East for the administration of the
world’s largest empire to that time.
Though emperors like Cyrus and his son Darius embraced a philosophy of tolerance and
humility, the later rulers of the Persian Empire like Darius II became intoxicated on their own
inherited power, preferring to wage war from afar rather than conquer in person on the
battlefield as their ancestors had done; Darius II demonstrated his cowardice on the battlefield
by fleeing from Alexander’s army when outflanked, escaping to fight another day.164
This late imperial complacency characterizes all great empires stretched beyond their natural
administrative capabilities. What is more interesting is the psychological tendency that compels
later generations of leaders to become complacent yet persist in clinging to imperial
preeminence. I postulate that the complacency originates from a belief in the exceptional
nature of the achievements of previous generations. Out of a belief that past victory in war
156
Ancient Egypt Timeline - Ancient Egypt Time Line." Displaced Dynasties. Accessed February
10, 2019. http://www.displaceddynasties.com/volume-1.html.
157
Holy Bible. Jeremiah.
158
Holy Bible. Daniel 2-3.
159
"Cyrus the Great." Wikipedia. February 09, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great.
160
"Nebuchadnezzar II." Wikipedia. February 10, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II.
161
Ancient Egypt Timeline - Ancient Egypt Time Line." Displaced Dynasties. Accessed February
10, 2019. http://www.displaceddynasties.com/volume-1.html.
162
"Persian Empire." Wikipedia. February 09, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Empire.
163
164
Arrian. The Campaigns of Alexander. P. 120. Penguin Books. London. 1971. Print.
35
guarantees future victory in war, the children and grandchildren of war heroes forget the
lessons of war and blunder into even bloodier conflict.
Though unbelievable to twenty-first century Westerners, the peoples of the Near East and
East maintain a millennia-old tradition of absolute subservience to the edicts of kings, whether
beneficent in the style of Cyrus or tyrannical in the manner of Nebuchadnezzar.165166 The
peoples of Europe, having developed pastoral animal husbandry as their primary economic
activity, embraced a more individualistic approach to both governance and conquest. The
minimalism in ancient Greek painting, portrayed in red and black against mosaic, suggests an
aesthetic taste in the West that brushed aside the decadence of Eastern monarchy in favor of
simplicity and what later could be called stoicism.167
Most historians claim that the Greek city-state of Athens was the place where democracy
originated as a system of governance. In its earliest articulation, democracy constituted the
right of every Athenian freeman to vote on matters of public leadership, laws, war and peace,
taxation, and public spending.168 Over many centuries, the Athenians came into conflict with
neighboring city-states Thebes, a great trading center, Delphi, a city of spiritual worship, and
Sparta, a society of warriors. The city-states of Greece contended against one another in a
series of bloody wars before coming face to face with the reality of an invasion from Persia.
During these crises, great statesmen like Pericles and tyrants like Draco emerged to lead
Athens as temporary dictators. From this Athenian tradition of crisis dictatorship emerged the
later Roman custom of appointing dictators including Cincinnatus, the Gracchi, Sulla, Marius,
Crassus, Pompey, and eventually Caesar. These men, much like the great kings of Asia and
Africa, attempted to embody the collective will of the citizens so as to lead in a spirit of
populism. In this sense, democracy made the West more collectivist than it had ever been
during its agricultural revolution.
Recognizing their common way of life falling under siege, the Greek city-states united against
the Eastern invasion of totalitarianism, defeating the Persian army at the battle of Marathon in
490 B.C.169 A runner, tasked with relaying the news back to the city-states, ran one-hundred
miles continuously to relay the message “Nike!” (Greek for “Victory!”). The runner then
dropped dead from exhaustion.170
165
166
167
Kershaw, Stephen. Classical Civilization. P. 200. Robinson. London. 2010. Print.
168
Aristotle. Constitution of the Athenians.
169
"Battle of Marathon." Wikipedia. February 07, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon.
170
"Battle of Marathon." Wikipedia. February 07, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon.
36
The Spartans sent their bravest warriors into battle, men like Leonidas, who led seven-
thousand warriors to certain sacrificial death against the invading Persian infantry at the Battle
of Thermopylae Pass in 480 B.C. Their sacrifice is a lasting legend to Western nationalism.
Bertrand Russell suggested that this Spartan mythos of battlefield valor domineered the
development of Western stoicism during the Medieval Age, in the aftermath of Rome’s
collapse, as Western Civilization was later forced to rediscover its roots and reinvent itself in
the face of Islamic conquest.171
Early Greek victories against the Persians on their own terrain strengthened the resolve of
the Greek city-states, but they remained divided over petty territorial and trade disputes until
brought beneath the collective yoke of King Phillip of Macedonia, to the north of the Greek city-
states. As a northern monarchy isolated from the coastal disputes of the city-states, the
Macedonians were looked down upon by the merchants of the learned city-states, but the
great philosopher Aristotle nonetheless traveled to the remote mountains at the order of King
Phillip to tutor his young son Alexander in Athenian philosophy.172
Armed with a warrior’s instinct for rugged individualism from his Macedonian heritage and
the shrewdness afforded by an Aristotelian education, Alexander the Great commanded an
army at the age of nineteen that went on to conquer the entire Persian Empire in less than
fifteen years before his death at the age of thirty-three.173
Though he died young, and his empire was quickly divided among his four leading generals,
King Alexander’s story became Western legend, and his conquest of the Near East impregnated
Asia with the seeds of European individualism and philosophy, including ideas of democracy
and self-determined destiny.174 The Ptolemaic Dynasty, established in Egypt, built a state-of-
the-art port at Alexandria, including a library of ancient literature since lost to history.175
Despite accidentally burning the city of Persepolis to the ground in a bout of drunken rage,
Alexander embraced the Persian spirit of tolerance, marrying a Persian princess and allowing
the peoples he conquered to retain their local customs while establishing Greek as the official
language of the Near East, marking a turning point in the geographical distribution of
171
Russell, Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. P. 100. Simon and Schuster. New York.
2007. Print.
172
173
174
175
Fox, Robin Lane. The Classical World. P. 250. Basic Books. New York. 2006. Print.
37
individualism and collectivism as competing political principles.176 His very biography is the
archetype of all great Western conquerors since the Classical Era.
The principles underlying empire building have remained consistent over those years.
Primary to the empire building process is the definition of a national mission, a vision of what is
wrong with the world and what can be done at the national level to command a solution. In
Alexander’s case, the mission was to protect Greece from its dreaded enemy, Persia, by
forcefully placing distance between the invading Persian army and Greek city-states. In
Alexander’s individual case, his mission became the quest to lead the world’s first Western
crusade against the invasion of Eastern absolutism, and he became a legend in the history of
Western civilization, enkindling and epitomizing the Western colonial zeal for centuries to
come.
Alexander’s legacy molded the formation and governance of the Roman Republic in the
centuries before the birth of Christ, beginning with its evolution from a series of colonial Greek
city-states and the Seven Hills of Rome, situated in the lower Tiber River Valley. The Seven Hills
were originally home to several competing families of Etruscan tribesmen, who warred over
control of the hills in a style reminiscent of today’s Italian Mafia.177
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded by two brothers, abandoned but nursed
by a she-wolf as infants, Romulus and Remus.178 In a dispute over the city’s name, Romulus
killed Remus and named the newly founded city after himself in 753 B.C.179 Seven kings of
Rome descended from King Romulus before the dynasty’s overthrow in 509 B.C.180
The outrage that is said to have catalyzed the revolt against Rome’s royal family was the
apparent rape of a nobleman’s wife by Rome’s last king, Tarquinius Superbus.181 In their rage,
the people revolted against Superbus and established their own republic ruled by the patriarchs
of Rome.182
176
177
Grant, Michael. History of Rome. Chapter 1. Scribner and Sons. USA. 1978.Print.
178
"Rome." Wikipedia. February 07, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome#Earliest_history.
179
180
181
182
38
After conquering and unifying their Italian neighbors, the Romans waged a series of Punic
Wars against the Carthaginian Empire from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. eventually gaining control of
North Africa and defeating great generals like Hannibal, who commanded an army of elephant
mounted warriors through the Alps in an unsuccessful bid to attack Rome from the North after
crossing the Strait of Gibraltar and traveling across Hispania, modern day Spain.183
The conquest of Carthage made the Roman Republic more powerful than ever before in its
short history, compelling its later leaders to seek out evermore territory for conquest,
enslavement, and taxation. The generals Pompey and Caesar explored and conquered new
frontiers in Gaul (modern-day France) and Scythia beyond the Caucuses (modern-day Ukraine
and Russia).184185 Like the Persians before them, the Romans constructed massive highways
with six-foot concrete foundations to connect their growing empire.186 This road network is the
basis of Europe’s modern highway system. Rome also constructed a system of aqueducts to
transport water across its growing empire, remnants of which still exist across much of modern
Europe.
Rome’s Senate, led by two consuls elected for one-year terms from their ranks, ruled the
Roman Republic with laws enforced by legions of soldiers. Though the Roman Senate consisted
of patriarchs from Rome’s elite families, the Roman government still enabled social mobility by
a series of promotions through government service from aedile, a local tax official, to praetor,
in charge of local law enforcement, to senator, tasked with making laws, to consul, executive
over the republic. The principle upholding this social mobility was service to the republic. Only
in the later centuries from 200 B.C. TO 0 A.D. did the Republic’s leaders betray the principles of
meritocracy that made Rome great in favor of personal aggrandizement and selfish political
ambition, albeit in the name of the “res public (Latin for “the public thing”),”understood today
as a public good.
In their growing arrogance, the Roman republican leaders instituted gladiatorial games of
captives taken in battle as amusement and entertainment for crowds of spectators assembled
in arenas, the most famous being the Coliseum in Rome itself. Rather than tolerating the
customs of the peoples they conquered, as the Persians had, the Romans instead chose to
dehumanize and degrade their enemies to a point of abject humiliation. Their inability to accept
the customs of tribes like the Gauls in modern France and the Thracians in the Balkans inspired
the unsuccessful Spartacan Slave Revolt of 73 B.C. and later “barbarian” raids from the
North.187
183
"Punic Wars." Wikipedia. December 11, 2018. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic_Wars.
184
Grant, Michael. History of Rome. P. 196. Scribner and Sons. USA. 1978.Print.
185
Caesar, Julius. Commentaries on The Gallic Wars.
186
"Roman Roads." Wikipedia. January 29, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_roads.
187
"Third Servile War." Wikipedia. January 17, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Servile_War.
39
Led by a Thracian gladiator named Spartacus and his comrade Crixus, a Gallic gladiator, the
Spartacan Slave Revolt shook Rome’s Republic to the core, leading many to question whether
the senate and consuls had enough power to maintain the order and hierarchy their ancestors
had fought and worked so hard to establish. Senators and generals like Crassus, Pompey, and
Caesar offered them an easy solution by outfitting their own soldiers to put down the revolt.188
In their victory, the men became heroes to the Republic and seized upon the opportunity to
take unprecedented power for themselves, establishing the First Triumvirate in 53 B.C.189
Through the First Triumvirate, the three great men agreed to rule over the Republic with
absolute authority, but the allure of absolute power soon proved too strong for each of the
three men, and they thus declared war on each other out of mutual mistrust and a desire to
monopolize power for themselves. Julius Caesar eventually emerged victorious to become sole
dictator of Rome in 48 B.C.190 Caesar’s redistributive land reforms made him popular among the
Roman people, and his extensive military career in Gaul along with his provision of land for
soldiers commanded him the respect of Rome’s military.
His popularity and respect among the people and military made Caesar the number one
threat to the generations-old power of the patriarchs in the Senate, just decades earlier
clamoring for a strong leader to assume control of administering law and order in their
cherished republic. Out of a fear that Caesar would become an emperor like Alexander, the
Senate conspired to assassinate Caesar on the Ides of March, 44 B.C., stabbing him to death on
the Senate floor. In his infamous last words, Caesar lamented over the betrayal of his best
friend and the chief co-conspirator of the plot to kill him, Brutus, exclaiming: “Et tu, Brute?”
translated as “And you, Brutus?”191
Despite their best laid plans to save the republic from returning to monarchy, the Senators
were dismayed to discover that Augustus Caesar, the nephew of the slain Caesar, commanded
the legions to maintain power over Rome indefinitely. By claiming to be descended from the
queen of the gods, Venus, the Caesars added to their legitimacy in the Roman mind.192 Once
established, the allure of imperial power proved both irresistible and unbreakable to the
Romans, who expanded their empire to the Atlantic coast of Western Europe and Britain, along
188
"Third Servile War." Wikipedia. January 17, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Servile_War.
189
"First Triumvirate." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Triumvirate.
190
"First Triumvirate." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Triumvirate.
191
Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar.
192
"Julius Caesar." Wikipedia. February 05, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar.
40
with the Levant of the Eastern Mediterranean, taking control of the province of Judea in 63
B.C.193
Part Three: One from Many
From Judea, the teachings of Christian self-sacrifice traveled throughout the Roman Empire
along its roads and through its Mediterranean trading lanes. The Apostle Paul is commonly
regarded by Christians as God’s witness to the Romans, but it was Peter who Christians claim to
have founded their Church after the resurrection of Jesus.194 Though it took some three
centuries and the relentless persecution of emperors like Nero, who had Christians fed to lions
and notoriously played his fiddle as Rome burned, the conversion of the Roman Empire to
Christianity solidified the religion’s place in human history by enabling the evangelical mission
to assume an imperial infrastructure in its redeeming work, that of Rome and its numerous
provinces across Europe, North Africa and West Asia.195
The conversion of Europe, Russia, and the Americas would have been impossible without the
Roman Catholic Church, made possible by Emperor Constantine’s conversion at Milvian Bridge
in 312 A.D.196 Western Rome’s collapse in the late 400s proved to be the catalyst for the
conversion of Western Europe’s Germanic tribes.197 Some argue that Rome, compelled by
Christian ethics, abandoned the security of its borders, but this is inaccurate, as accounts of the
Sack of Rome by Aleric in 410 A.D. provide details about the city’s walled defenses.198 Historians
believe there is also little evidence that the city of Rome’s population declined in any
meaningful way following the loss of its political power.199
Charlemagne’s establishment of the Holy Roman Empire in 800 A.D. resurrected the dream
of a Christian empire in Western Europe, and the dynasty proved to be lasting, eventually
evolving into the Hapsburg Dynasty of Austria and the modern nation-state of Germany. The
German worship of Nordic gods adopted from contact with migratory tribes of Scandinavia,
better known as Vikings, compelled the Germans to develop Christian theology that
emphasized the conquering character of Christ; when separated from Christianity altogether,
this theology resulted in the German persecution of Jews during the Holocaust of World War II.
193
"Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)." Wikipedia. September 13, 2018. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(63_BC). (63 B.C.)
194
Holy Bible. Acts.
195
Brand, George. Catholicism. P. 123. George Braziller. New York. 1962. Print.
196
197
Wells, Peter S. Barbarians to Angels: The Dark Ages Reconsidered. W.W. Norton and
Company. New York. 2008. Print.
198
Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Pp. 566-567. The Modern
Library. New York. 1987. Print.
199
Wells, Peter S. Barbarians to Angels: The Dark Ages Reconsidered. W.W. Norton and
Company. New York. 2008. Print.
41
The Byzantines preserved and updated Roman law in response to Christian teachings,
establishing the Justinian Code in Constantinople.200 Though the Byzantines were initially
capable of maintaining law and order, the civilizational clash between Islam and Christianity
proved too much for the long-term stability of their political dominion, constantly being
traversed by invading armies from the Near East and West during the Crusades of the eleventh
and twelfth centuries. Islamic caliphates imposed religious taxes on their populations to raise
armies for wars of jihad against Western Christendom, adding even further friction for the
Byzantines to contend against in their futile struggle to retain power.201 The Justinian Code
nonetheless marked the first attempt to Christianize the codices of old Roman law and laid the
foundation for modern Western common law.
These Crusades tested the wills of the world’s two leading monotheistic religions and gave
birth to great myths and legends like the story of the Knights Templar, a secret group of
Christian European crusaders who are widely believed to have discovered the Holy Grail that
Christ drank from at his famous Last Supper.202 There is also the story of Saladin, the great
Muslim warrior who led his army to victory over the invading Western infidels.203
The Khans of the Mongol Steppes lived by the law of might makes right, conquering without
discrimination so as to impose their will upon all through subjugation. This brutal philosophy of
pillage and plunder manifested itself clearly in the relentless 1218 conquest of the Korean
Peninsula by Mongol hordes, who forcibly backed Korea’s army up against the shores of the
Pacific Ocean.204 Genghis Khan is rumored to have raped so many women that many people
living across the world today can trace their lineage to the Medieval conqueror.205 The
unprecedented extent of the territory they conquered prevented the Mongols from effectively
governing. Geographic size comes at the expense of cultural cohesion.
The Mongol tactic of mounted invasion from the East served as the framework for a strategy
employed by the Ottomans in their later crusade to conquer all of Eastern Europe in just under
two-hundred years. Meanwhile, the Scythian and Nordic peoples of the Volga River Valley in
modern-day Ukraine established their own kingdom, Rus, at its capital of Kiev, in 862 A.D.,
under the leadership of Rurik the Great.206 The Russians survived Mongol occupation and
200
"Corpus Juris Civilis." Wikipedia. February 07, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis.
201
Williams, John Alden. Islam. Pp. 110-111. George Braziller. New York. 1962. Print.
202
Oldenbourg, Zoe. The Crusades. P. 292. Random House. New York. 1966. Print.
203
"Saladin." Wikipedia. January 09, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin.
204
Rhoads, Murphey. A History of Asia. P. 126. Harper-Collins College Publishers. New York.
1996. Print.
205
"Genghis Khan." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan.
206
"Rurik." Wikipedia. February 08, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik. (862 A.D.)
42
adopted Eastern horseback invasion tactics in their own quest to establish an empire to
compete with the Ottomans in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.
The Great Schism of 1054 A.D. between the Western and Eastern Church transformed Russia
into a center of Eastern Christianity after the fall of Constantinople to Ottoman control in 1453
A.D.207 By competing with the Ottomans for territory in Eastern Europe, the Russians provided
Western Europe with a hedge of military protection from a full-fledged Muslim invasion of
Western Christendom. Without the liberty of Christian speech afforded in those protected
nations, the Protestant Reformation would have never catalyzed the colonization and
evangelization of the Americas just a few short centuries later.
In the centuries between Russia’s emergence in Eastern Europe and the Protestant
Reformation, Western European Christians began to disbelieve the findings of science and
reason in favor of mysticism, largely in response to the seemingly unexplainable Black Death of
the Fourteenth Century, a terrible epidemic of Bubonic Plague that killed millions across the
continent.208
Luther’s decision to post the Ninety-Five Theses on the door of Wittenberg Church in 1517
proved not only spiritually transformative for Christendom but politically revolutionary for the
world. In asserting his right to post his criticisms of the dogmatic Church, Luther manifested
free speech as a political principle. Guttenberg’s newly invented printing press proved pivotal in
the dissemination of Luther’s writings throughout Europe, asserting the real power of cheaply
printed, freely published mass media to challenge established political and spiritual authority
for the first time in history.
His criticism of the Catholic indulgence bureaucracy established after the Crusades and his
assertion that man’s relationship with God is personal and thereby independent from state
influence are the theological cornerstones supporting Jefferson’s later support for the
separation of church and state and its implementation as law in the First Amendment to the
U.S. Constitution.209210 The individual nature of man’s relationship with God asserted by
Lutheran theology is also the philosophical basis for the political principle of self-determination,
as a person who is ultimately accountable to only God is also given the right to make free
choices by God, free from the coercion of others.
In Luther’s own words: “For this reason, too, before good or bad works emerge (akin to the
way good or bad fruit grows from a plant), there must be in the heart either belief or unbelief.
207
"Fall of Constantinople." Wikipedia. January 29, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople.
208
Fernandez- Armesto, Felipe. Ideas that Changed the World. Pp. 202-203. Covent Garden
Books. New York. 2003. Print.
209
Bishop, Morris. The Middle Ages. P. 144. Houghton-Mifflin Company. New York. 1987. Print.
210
Jefferson, Thomas. Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom.
43
Unbelief is the root, the sap, and the chief power of all sin.”211 In effect, his statement delivered
a challenge to the legitimacy of papal hierarchy by implying that the sins committed by bishops
and priests could be attributed to a lack of sincere clerical faith rather than the innate sinfulness
of Man. He made the Catholic Church’s problem political in origin but railed against its spiritual
consequences.
If only people would believe in God, they would be perfect and without sin, for to root out
unbelief is to destroy the root, and thus the cause, of sin. This is the logical conclusion of
Luther’s argument and the zeitgeist of globalization, the notion that humanity can be perfected
by its belief in behavioral ideals contrary to the suggestions of material reality and human
nature, the impulse that motivated revolutionaries to fight against seemingly overwhelming
force, the spark that inspired Enlightenment philosophers to upend established social order in
their deconstruction of Western Civilization, and the momentum that drove tinkerers to invent
labor saving machines that enriched modern civilization. The zeitgeist of globalization compels
each of us to search for lasting truth in a world that is constantly becoming more connected
and thereby morally relativistic, accepting absolutes only as fleeting versions of the truth, but
out of many fleeting versions of the truth must emerge one singular truth.
Part Four: One World
By the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed by Pope Julius II in 1524 A.D., the Catholic
powers of Portugal and Spain would split control of the Americas along a line of longitude
extending through South America to delineate the western border between Portuguese
speaking Brazil and the rest of Spanish speaking Latin America.212 Little did Catholic Europe, the
primary progenitor civilization of the Renaissance and the Age of European Exploration, suspect
in the early decades of the sixteenth century that Protestant powers including France, England,
and the United Provinces of Holland would eventually establish their own colonies in the New
World, north of Latin America, in North America.
The French disregarded North America’s Atlantic coastline, fortified from behind by three-
thousand-foot Appalachian peaks for nearly two thousand miles. Instead, they sought the
quickest and cheapest Northwest Passage to Asia. What they found instead were the Great
Lakes and the Ohio River Valley. They settled for their discovery and developed an extensive fur
trading industry in Central North America, making friendly relations with Native American tribes
in exchange for hunting advice and assistance in trade.
The British approach to colonizing North America proved much less tolerant of indigenous
customs as a result of being land-intensive, requiring the ownership of land by means of
confiscation. The notorious legacy of the first settlers at Roanoke, presumably abducted by
211
Luther, Martn. The Ninety-Five Theses and Other Writings. P. 66. Penguin Books. New York.
2017. Print.
212
"Treaty of Tordesillas." Wikipedia. February 04, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas.
44
Croatan Native Americans, made tolerance of Native American tribes by the British problematic
from the start.213 The people of Jamestown found themselves contending against the Powhatan
Empire of Virginia just a few decades later in 1607. The descendants of Pilgrims from the
Mayflower, who colonized New England, eventually came to blows with the Pequot nation over
territories their ancestors had learned to cultivate from the ancestors of the very people their
descendants would later subjugate.
The United Provinces of Holland formed as an alliance of Dutch city-states against

occupation by Catholic Spain in the first years of the seventeenth century, the same time period
when English explorers began to claim the Atlantic coastline of Eastern North America for Great
Britain.214 Not wanting to be excluded from the gains and power afforded by colonial dominion,
the Dutch set out to establish their own North American colony on Manhattan Island at the
mouth of the Hudson River, so named for Henry Hudson who first explored the river after
Britain invaded the colony, confiscating it from the United Provinces.215 The Dutch established
the port of New Amsterdam, later to be renamed New York, purchasing the island from the
Manhattan tribe for some beads and two guns, the single greatest value investment of the
modern era thus far.216
Colonialism tends to diminish disparities in wealth between an occupying people and the
people whose land is occupied when the two sides engage in trade, raising the standards of
living for native peoples. This is what happened in India via colonization and trade through the
British East India Company and in Indonesia via the Dutch East India Company, corporations
established for shareholder profit and financed by many investors in an era when most
individuals did not command the private resources to fund seafaring expeditions. These colonial
enterprises of Britain and Holland enabled India and Indonesia to develop modern highways,
plumbing, and electrical infrastructure.
Corporate capitalism is the brainchild of European colonization and the Protestant

Reformation.217 Its early reliance upon slave labor is more a reflection of the feudalistic world it
emerged from, where most labor was agricultural, than the industrial world it made possible,
where most work is mechanical, and labor is constantly being automated out of existence.
Nonetheless, the annihilation of Native American civilization and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
are unforgettable stains on the history of Western Civilization and the chief catalysts for the
213
"Roanoke Colony." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Colony.
214
"Dutch Republic." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic.
215
"Henry Hudson." Wikipedia. February 06, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson.
216
"New Amsterdam." Wikipedia. February 04, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Amsterdam.
217
Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic. 1930.
45
geopolitical shift of Africa and the nations of Latin America away from the influence of the
Northern World in the twenty-first century.
Colonial mercantilism encouraged the development of both colonial powers and colonies by
incentivizing the creation of trade surpluses, imbalances in trade whereby an importing country
imports less than it exports. The concept of agricultural surplus at last became applicable to
international trade. In the competition to amass more wealth than its neighbors, each country
or colony raised the standard of living for all peoples, forcing its neighbors to keep up by
developing their own trade surpluses.
A colonial rivalry between France and Britain over control of the Ohio Valley brought the two
nations to war in North America from 1756 to 1763 as part of a broader Second Hundred Years’
War fought in Europe prior to the North American showdown, concluding in the Treaty of Paris,
whereby France assumed responsibility for the war’s costs and ceded its North American
territory to the United Kingdom.
In spite of its victory, the British Empire still found itself limited under the strain of financing
its own maintenance and thus turned to its unrepresented colonial populations for taxes. With
competition in colonial trade came a growing sense of the right of peoples to determine the
laws governing their everyday business affairs. The American colonists ultimately rebelled
against British colonial rule out of resentment for having to sacrifice their blood, resources, and
taxes to build Britain’s colonial empire without receiving so much as a say in the development
of its laws, nor in their enforcement.
Seeing that America has dominated international events for most of the past four-hundred
years, it is impossible to assess what America’s greatest contribution to civilization is, but the
assertion in 1776’s Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson that “all men are created
equal, endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” is undoubtedly its greatest promise.218 The French and
Latin American Revolutions against European monarchy reinforced the gravity of Jefferson’s
assertion that all people have the God given right to self-determination, giving new life and a
distinct promise of new hope to the previously subjugated peoples of the Western World.219
Despite the high ideals of his Enlightenment spirit, Jefferson still wrestled with the moral
consequences of his own actions, as he had inherited slaves and an extensive plantation in the
mountains of Virginia.220 His belief in self-determination created contradictions he could never
manage to conquer, yet history still regards him as a champion of human freedom. Just before
his death in 1826, Jefferson wrote that he “trembled” when he “considered that God is just,”
because he could not imagine the blood that would be required of Americans for the sin of
218
Jefferson, Thomas. The Declaration of Independence. 1776.
219
Andrien, Kenneth J. Colonial Latin America. P. 100. SR Books. Oxford. 2004. Print.
220
Jefferson, Thomas. Founding America. P. 292. Notes on the State of Virginia. Barnes and
Noble. New York. 2006.
46
slavery.221 These words came from the same man who wrote that “the tree of liberty must be
refreshed from time to time with the blood of tyrants and patriots alike.”222
Jefferson helped draft France’s Declaration of Human Rights before he became America’s
third president. During those years in Paris, he witnessed the birth of modern politics from the
ashes of feudal monarchy. Though portrayed heroically by idealistic historians, the anarchic
overthrow of France’s Catholic Bourbon Dynasty by a mob of starving, overtaxed peasants
brought forth the basest elements in human nature and put them on full historical display.
During the Reign of Terror in the early years of the 1790s, innocent people were routinely
arrested without having committed crimes worthy of punishment. Rather than receiving a fair
trial, these enemies of the mob were publicly beheaded at the order of Maximillian
Robespierre, a power-hungry orator who was eventually beheaded himself when the crowd
turned against him.
Out of the chaos wrought by France’s bloody revolution emerged the living heroic archetype
of modern political success, a man so celebrated and detracted in history books that his name
has become synonymous with an entire worldview of conquest as a means of compensation for
insecurity. The son of Corsican revolutionaries, Napoleon Bonaparte rose from poverty and
obscurity, enduring the isolation of a French military academy and rapidly advancing through
the ranks of French artillery to become Emperor of France before the age of forty in 1800. Upon
taking the crown and placing it upon his own head, he declared: “I am the instrument of
Providence. She will use me as long as I fulfill her designs. Then, she will break me like a
glass.”223
With such oratorical flare, it’s hardly any wonder that Napoleon commanded Europe’s most
successful army since that of Rome by practically charisma alone. His heavy reliance upon
personal charm proved helpful on the battlefield but a hindrance in diplomacy, as
demonstrated by his inability to forge a personal alliance with Frederick the Great of Prussia for
the constant meddling of Prussia’s hawkish military bureaucracy.224
Aside from his stunning conquests, Napoleon’s place in history is forever secure thanks to
the mythological status he has commanded in Western culture since he died in exile on the
island of St. Helena. The virtue of isolation guides the philosophy underlying this mythology, but
221
"Thomas Jefferson's Monticello." Thomas Jefferson, a Brief Biography | Thomas Jefferson's
Monticello. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-jefferson-memorial.
222
The Atlantic. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/96oct/obrien/blood.htm.
223
Gdochighlight. "The Crowning of Napoleon." YouTube. March 27, 2013. Accessed February
10, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0bvC0Wf5rU.
224
Kagan, Frederick W. The End of the Old Order. Pp. 322-323. Da Capo Books. Cambridge.
2006. Print.
47
so too does Catholicism. Though Napoleon famously arrested the pope and confiscated land
from the Catholic Church, his later life repentance is reflected in portraits like The Martyrdom
of St. Helena, depicting Bonaparte as a pious warrior of faith in the tradition of Charlemagne
and Constantine.225
Just as it seemed the Classical World of New Kingdom Egypt, Persia, Greece, and Rome had
finally faded from historical memory, lost to the outburst of Enlightenment, Napoleon
resurrected the Roman Empire from its long-cooled ashes, only to be stripped of his dominion
before having time to bask in its resurgent splendor. His implementation of the Napoleonic
Code as a source of European Law revived the Roman sense of European legal unity, long since
fragmented by the nation-state movements that arose from European tribalism.
Bonaparte reinvigorated the West’s sense of its own imperial greatness and potential.
Though not a devoted patron of the arts, Napoleon revived Roman culture, both in the
imperious style of his wardrobe and in his occasional attendance of the French Opera, the
crudeness of which he is said to have condemned in favor of the stoic culture of antiquity.226
Bonaparte’s preference is reflected in Napoleonic European literature’s return to Catholic
theology after a century of excoriating the Church for the corruption of its clerics.227
Napoleon saved the Roman Catholic Church from complete overthrow and obsolescence by
reminding the world of both its holy unifying mission and the gravitas commanded by its long
history of tradition, pomp, and sanctification.
As Europe reverted to a conservative order following Napoleon’s demise, America embraced

the liberal spirit of the age, purchasing the territory of Louisiana from the cash-strapped
Napoleonic government of France under Thomas Jefferson’s administration, doubling its size
overnight, and tossing aside the conventions of Old World diplomatic dogma in favor of the
great unknown promises of the New. Nowhere more so did the idolatry engrained into
American capitalist culture display itself in full force than in California in 1849, where an
overnight gold rush lured people from around the world to dig, scrap, and if necessary, battle
for a piece of America’s mineral wealth.
In his biography of Lincoln, historian Allan Nevins wrote that “California gold seemed for a
time an Aladdin’s lamp with which Columbia could make any coveted object her own,”
suggesting that the Gold Rush of 1849 gave rise to a pervasive American expectation of great
wealth in spite of great risk, commonly referred to as the American Dream in postmodern
parlance.228 The expectation of easy wealth is the source of socioeconomic unrest during
American financial crises, because unfulfilled high expectations generate frustration, whereas
better than expected negative outcomes generate pleasant surprise.
225
Markham, Felix. Napoleon. Pp. 132-133. Signet Classics Printing. New York. 2010. Print.
226
Durant, Will and Ariel. The Age of Napoleon. P. 278. MJF Books. New York. 1975. Print.
227
Cronin, Vincent. Napoleon. P. 300. Harper-Collins Publishers. London. 1994. Print.
228
Nevins, Allan. P. 177. Scribner’s Sons. 1950. New York. Print.
48
Lincoln himself embodied the principles of America’s revolutionary experiment, a self-made

man of the frontier, self-educated with war experience and his own law practice. He hated
slavery as a moral evil but found himself confined by the political friction of his moment in
history. Only through bribes, intimidation, and political favors was the Lincoln administration
able to successfully abolish slavery just weeks before the president’s assassination in early
1865.229
The American Civil War from 1861 to 1865 over the question of slavery stands in history as a
holy crusade over the most fundamental political question of the modern world, whether every
person has the right to peacefully pursue his or her own gain, free from the obstruction or
persecution of others. Lincoln is its eternal martyr, an American Moses who gave his own life
for the liberation of the oppressed just as Jesus died on the cross to save sinners from Hell.
Though he was not without sin, Lincoln’s martyrdom for the principle of human freedom has
earned him the legend of “Honest Abe,” the humble frontiersman incapable of telling a lie or
upsetting anyone. The Christian abolitionist community came to practically worship Lincoln in
death despite his occasional friction with radicals like Thaddeus Stevens, who favored the
redistribution of captured Confederate land from plantation owners to their newly liberated
slaves, a policy Lincoln opposed out of a desire to be reconciled with the seceded states of the
Confederacy.230
Russian Czar Alexander II’s 1863 liberation of the serfs and subsequent assassination eerily
mirror the developments in America during the Civil War. Russia’s 1917 communist revolution
and execution of Czar Nicholas II in the aftermath of the country’s defeat in a world war fought
to defend colonial power marked a further development in the geopolitical shift toward a
struggle between the North and the South from the paradigm of East against West.
Though the United States and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics found themselves at odds
throughout most of the twentieth century, as the European colonial empires collapsed around
them, the two civilizations united in World War II to avert the conquest of Europe by genocidal,
industrial fascism originating from Germany’s defeat in World War I, only to spend forty years
after World War II competing for dominance in space and atomic weapons capabilities. The
establishment of the Jewish state of Israel in the aftermath of Hitler’s final defeat is the most
substantial geopolitical consequence of their partnership and rivalry.
Marx’s 1848 call for an uprising of the “working peoples of the world” hearkens to the spirit
of an age characterized by the ever-increasing hum of machinery marching to the rhythm of
reason’s merciless calculations toward the final liberation of Man from the toil he has endured
since his Fall from a paradise without scarcity or need. His demand for the abolition of private
229
"Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution." Wikipedia. January 21, 2019.
Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
230
"Thaddeus Stevens." Wikipedia. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens.
49
property and the common ownership of machinery used in production reflects the emergent
possibility of a world without poverty or hierarchy from the mass production of the Industrial
Revolution.
Marx’s call for strikes and a violent revolution of workers against investors, though speaking
to the frustrations of disgruntled factory workers in the American Midwest half a century later
and today in the twenty-first century, has proven disastrous for ordinary people wherever it has
been acted upon in its most destructive form, engendering famine and war in the Soviet Union
and People’s Republic of China in the twentieth century.
Marx’s positive theory describes a business cycle that naturally terminates in the end of
poverty and classes, but his normative call for revolutionary violence to accelerate the
progression in reality stifles natural capitalistic progress toward universal prosperity by creating
artificial inefficiencies that would otherwise cease to exist with normal supply-demand
relations, inefficiencies including shortages of housing from rent ceilings that would cease
without limitations on profit, and mass unemployment, the result of artificially high minimum
wages that make hiring unaffordable in all sectors operating under a budget, public or private.
American capitalism’s spread to Japan in the second half of the nineteenth century planted
the economic seed of the geopolitical shift from West to East we are now living through in the
early twenty-first century. Two world wars necessarily realigned the world’s political power and
resources so as to facilitate the economic and political liberation of Asia and Africa from
millennia of monarchic absolutism and colonialism, but only at the expense of one-hundred
million lives across the world. A third world war would easily destroy one billion people if left to
its own devices and tendencies. Five centuries of concerted effort by the West to subjugate the
Middle East and East will yield the karmic consequence of five centuries of Eastern and Middle
Eastern invasion of the West.
No communist revolution has taken as dramatic or as consequential a form in human history

as the Chinese Communist Party’s 1949 overthrow of the Kuomintang government of General
Chiang Kai-Shek, a Western supported dictator who maintained control of China by working
with the notorious Green Gang drug cartel to maintain power, responsible for smuggling and
distributing opium throughout all of China.231 The Green Gang’s efforts to openly suppress the
Chinese Communist Party and its leader, Mao Zedong, initially rocked its resolve but ultimately
made its members more willing to take up arms in resistance to their enemies.232
The communists eventually found themselves expelled from the cities to the villages of the
western countryside and were forced to fight a bloody civil war with nationalist forces,
interrupted only by Japan’s invasion of China in World War II. In his famous Long March, Mao
Zedong led his revolutionary force nine-thousand kilometers across mountainous terrain in
231
Seagrave, Sterling. The Soong Dynasty. Chapter 10. Harper and Row, Publishers. New York.
1985. Print.
232
Spence, Jonathan. Mao Zedong: A Life. P. 65. Penguin Books. New York. 1999. Print.
50
retreat from the Kuomintang in 1934, only to recruit more soldiers in the agrarian West before
mounting a fifteen-year campaign of guerilla warfare to seize control of Mainland China in
1949.233
In the seven decades since the 1949 Revolution, the People’s Republic of China struggled
under the dictatorship of Chairman Mao to industrialize in less than forty years, once again
opening itself up to the creation of Western Free Trade Zones in the port cities along its East
Coast, the same cities that expelled the young Mao Zedong and his idealistic supporters, first
compelling them to take up arms in the 1930s.
Twenty-first century China is making efforts to connect the people of its western frontier
with its east coast cities by high speed rail in the same way that the United States sought to
connect its two coasts in the nineteenth century with a Transcontinental Railroad. By bridging
agrarian and urban China, the Chinese Communist Party hopes to prevent the division of its
empire into two nations, one communist and the other capitalist, but this is already the case in
reality, and an exchange of ideas between the two nations living within the same country will
only dilute the communism currently imposed upon inland China.
American corporate colonialism in Latin America compelled the emergence of yet another
colonial communist revolt against the West in the twentieth century, from inside the Western
Hemisphere in Cuba, led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, who corresponded in letters
describing their common resentment and desire to forcibly resist “Uncle Sam” meddling in Latin
America.234
African intellectuals expressed a similar resentment of the United States and its Western
allies in the immediate aftermath of their post-colonial independence at the end of World War
II. These intellectuals, like Chinua Achebe, viewed the African continent as a kind of
civilizational skeleton left ravaged by centuries of slavery, colonial occupation, and racial
segregation.235
Christian Martin Luther King Jr. and Muslim Malcolm X led the American Civil Rights
Movement in the aftermath of World War II to guarantee voting rights and an end to racial
segregation in the United States. In his famous “I Have a Dream” speech, King alluded to
Jefferson’s great assertion when he said: “When the architects of our republic wrote the
magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a
promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men,
yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the ‘unalienable Rights’ of ‘Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.’ It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this
promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred
233
"Long March." Wikipedia. January 25, 2019. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_March. (9000 km)
234
Anderson, Jon Lee. Che. Pp. 280-281. Grove Press. New York. 1997. Print.
235
51
obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back
marked ‘insufficient funds.’”236 King also drew inspiration from Mahatma Gandhi, who died a
pacifist martyr like King, in 1947, after leading India in non-violent revolution against British
colonial rule.
The Women’s Suffrage Movement of the early twentieth century marked another key pivot
in political philosophy away from narrow patriarchal hierarchy toward universal democracy for
all people. The sacrifices of Alice Paul and her fellow suffragettes made the nanny welfare state
possible by bringing the maternal instinct into the governing process. Roosevelt’s New Deal
would have been impossible without the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing women’s right
to vote.
The 1979 Islamic Revolution that drove the American-backed shah of Iran from power was
the single most lasting political revolution of the twentieth century. In centuries to come, the
Southern Caliphate will commemorate its anniversary in the way Americans currently celebrate
Independence Day.
At the dawn of the twenty-first century, most people believe the Cold War struggle between
communism and capitalism is finally over, but it has merely assumed a new form, the struggle
of the developing nations of the South to grow against the friction and limitations imposed
upon them by the developed countries of the North through financial institutions like the
International Monetary Fund and World Bank.237
The tradition of rational capitalism has taken firm hold over the northern half of the globe,
but the continuous march of innovation obsolesces more jobs by the century, leaving millions
of people around the developed world with an inescapable sense that life without work is
meaningless and that the future is a world without humanity. This materialistic nihilism is the
real reason for the rising depression and suicide rates in Europe and North America.
Constant consolidation and redistribution of wealth through the business cycle renders
winners and losers despite also delivering convenience and rising standards of living to all
people. For all of these reasons, industrial capitalism’s future remains uncertain even in the
nations of the North where it first developed. The Northern World’s recent abandonment of
God since the Enlightenment over the past three centuries has left its peoples looking for new
gods to worship, voids filled by the governments of warring nation states across Europe, Russia,
and North America and by the arsenals of technology invented to make our lives less labor
intensive.
236
Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century - American Rhetoric. Accessed February 10, 2019.
https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm.
237
52
The growing colonial relationship between the People’s Republic of China and the nations of
East Africa, most notably Ethiopia and Kenya, will likely produce the same political
dissatisfaction over “taxation without representation” experienced by colonial Americans as
these countries begin to realize the consequences of becoming indebted to the East. An African
Independence Movement against Chinese rule could emerge and give birth to revolution
around the middle of the twenty-second century if China hasn’t yet been absorbed by the rising
tide of Islamic fundamentalism spreading to the East and West from Iran.
The African Independence Movement would mark a second great revolution against tyranny,
establishing as international precedent the sovereignty of all peoples to determine their own
affairs. Such a revolution would first require an awakening in Southern spiritual awareness and
political thought akin to the Great Awakening and Enlightenment that swept through Western
Civilization in the early decades of the eighteenth century before the American Revolution.
The nations of the South, holding the yokes of slavery and colonialism fresh in their collective
memory, maintain spiritual traditions even in a world with more knowledge, technology, and
wealth than ever before, hiding their distrust of Northern rationalism for the sake of peace and
trade. Islam especially grows in power with each passing century, appealing to the peoples of
the South with the clarion call of a holy war in retribution against the Christian nations of the
North for centuries of colonial subjugation. Wherever it establishes rule, it brings Sharia law as
a monotheistic legal code governing the conduct of peoples in the South.
Over eight centuries, such a radical imposition of Islam will not only transform the political
systems of the southern nations into a single, united caliphate. It will convert hundreds of
millions of Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs and other non-monotheists to monotheism prior to
the emergence of the Catholic Eurasian Empire around the year 2400.
This new Roman Empire will be established by a modern-day Alexander the Great, a
conquering hero from the rebuilt nations of the North, destroyed by global cataclysm nearly
four centuries earlier. In the individualistic spirit of the Greeks, Romans, and Americans, he will
command the allegiance of armies with his charisma and by cunning, will gain control over the
nations of the East, including China, Japan, and Korea, converting these regions from Islam to
Christianity, a Genghis Khan of the West.
The time span between 2600 and 2800 A.D. can be characterized as a time akin to the
Crusades of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Eurasia will wage a series of civilizational
campaigns against the Southern Caliphate in the Middle East, focusing on Israel. The Catholic
Church will also increase its missionary efforts to the nations of the Americas, rebuilt after
military devastation in the twenty-first century.
A new Renaissance will result from this cultural exchange between the global North and
South just as the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries emerged from the
rediscovery of Roman science and literature during the Crusades. This new renaissance will fuse
the mysticism of the South with the empiricism of the North just as the Medieval Renaissance
53
fused the scientific tradition of the Islamic East with the rational tradition of the Christian West
to birth the modern world. This new renaissance will originate in the Eurasian Union and draw
other nations from the Americas into a Northern Union with Eurasia.
By 2800 A.D., the Southern Caliphate will be limited in scope to the equatorial territories of
Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Northern India. Though outnumbered and outmatched in
military might, it will persist for many decades until its ultimate absorption by the Northern
Union and the creation of a Global Union, the world’s first singular government and the
culmination of six millennia of political development.
In order to gain the unanimous support of the diverse peoples of the world, any global
government will at first have to promise democracy and representation to its citizens. A World
Congress of all the nations would consist of representatives elected from each of the sovereign
nations for terms of a fixed number of years. This congress would enact laws to govern
relations among the nations and would preside over lower levels of national and provincial
government.
An international court system would enforce the laws of a global government with judges
selected by an executive and a majority vote of the World Congress. The global executive
branch would likely consist of two people in the manner of Rome’s consuls. Such a government
would be difficult to dominate and would encourage the formation of factions and parties to
advance regional interests.
For example, the World Congress might be majority controlled by a party of politicians who
prioritize the establishment of space colonies and are opposed by a minority party concerned
chiefly with environmentalism. There could be still another party that focuses on the global
distribution of wealth, akin to the socialist parties of the modern era, and yet another
concerned only with global trade.
Just as Nebuchadnezzar and Alexander the Great struggled to resist the temptations of
absolute political power, so the leaders of the Global Union will struggle to maintain justice
against the rising tide of consolidation, constantly sacrificing the needs of the powerless to the
interests of the powerful. This is the reason a global government ruled by mortal men is
doomed to tyranny.
When men or women without principles are presented with the opportunity for
advancement, they will unquestioningly seize the opportunity regardless of the cost to others.
The egotistic tendencies so central to the human condition are only stimulated and amplified by
the consolidation of power for a so called “higher good;” the pursuit of the “higher good” is the
animating contest that has given tenor to the drumbeat of history, dictating the rise and fall of
empires in all ages, both now and in the future, according to God’s good purposes.
54
THE GRAND
REDEMPTION
2800 B.C.- India
2400 B.C.- China
1200 B.C.- Babylon
800 B.C.- Persia
400 B.C.- Macedonia
0 A.D.- Rome
1200 A.D.- Ottoman
Empire
1600 A.D.- America
2400 A.D.- Eurasian
Union

TOMORROW: PART 3: THE KNOWLEDGE
CHRISTOPHER WATSON
The Wave of Discovery
According to our numerous needs, human beings ponder over the observations of everyday
life out of a desire to solve material problems. All real-world solutions begin as ideas in the
minds of individuals. The process of observation, analysis, conclusion, and application required
to confirm and make use of the fruits of Man’s mind is known as science and is regarded as an
exclusively modern invention, but if this had been the case, then the scientific discoveries and
technological achievements of the four-thousand nine-hundred years prior to the Western
Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution would have been unavailable to the theorists and
philosophers who brought about its formal expression.
55
The process of scientific discovery and technological innovation has always been a four-stage
process repeated throughout the history of civilization:
1- Research- Whether through direct experience or observation, a person comes to obtain

knowledge about a problem or unexplained real-world phenomenon.
2- Hypothesis- An inquiring mind proposes a theory of how some phenomenon, whether
natural or supernatural, operates in the realm of reality, or how some real-world
problem can be solved by the application of a new idea.
3- Experimentation- Using available technology, the scientist tests the tenets and
parameters of his or her hypothesis, testing only for validity or invalidity, an objective
assessment of truth by real world application.
4- Innovation- The application of a newly tested idea to real world phenomena and
problems increases the efficiency and speed with which tasks can be accomplished for
goods to be produced and brought to market for public use, at least in a free market.
What begins as a singular idea in the mind of one person inevitably becomes the cherished
technology of the world’s leading civilization. For this reason, the civilization that best educates
and trains its people in literacy, mathematics, science, the arts, and philosophy leads the world
in culture as a result of leading the world in wealth creation from constant technological
innovation.
The civilization that produces the most excess utility for its people has the most to offer the
world in trade value. Constant interaction of the civilizations with the world’s leading trade
civilization generates an exchange of ideas whereby a trade surplus of knowledge and
technology flows from the world’s scientifically leading civilization to the developing nations of
the world.
When developing civilizations enjoy the benefits of technological discoveries made possible
by their more developed predecessors, they enjoy the added benefit of making new, previously
unconceived applications, thereby inventing even better technology. The new applications often
result from problems unique to developing civilizations, including exponential population growth
without corresponding increases in agricultural surpluses and dramatic disparities of wealth
despite increases in economic output.
That is the fundamental link between science and economics.
If you’ve read The Grand Redemption to this point, you know that the theory spans six-
thousand four-hundred years from 3200 B.C. to 3200 A.D. If you haven’t read through to this
point, then I’ll give you a quick summary of the theory.
56
government, world peace, and world trade.
I am not a scientist by training or trade, but I believe fervently in the redeeming power of the
fruits of science to lift the world out of poverty and restore order to a world ravaged by chaos,
famine, and death. An arbitrary distinction between the natural and supernatural, emergent
over the past three-hundred years from the Scientific Revolution, has placed an artificial
limitation on the questions that science can dare to pose. Probing the depths of life, death, the
soul, resurrection, and even time travel, at the dawn of the new millennium, is regarded as the
practice of witches and wizards, relegated to mystical and occult circles in much the same way
as alchemy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
As humanity’s collective conscience begins to emerge from the constant broadband

connection of all people at all times via the Internet, these questions about the supernatural
will begin to fan the flames of a new enlightenment, as the quest of science is the shedding of
new light on phenomena shrouded in darkness and mystery since the beginning. The
238
239
57
superstitions of one age are but the test subjects of those that follow. Constant friction
between organized religious sects gives rise to the supernatural and, later, natural inquisition of
new phenomena previously unconsidered in the received wisdom of established science.
Every new discovery brings the opportunity to capitalize and take credit. The competition to
receive the most credit is the momentum propelling the clash of ideas forward in all ages.
Lincoln once said: “Don’t worry about who receives recognition. Just strive to be worthy of
recognition.”240 This is the credo of the true scientist, a passive observer merely interested in
the truth, a spectator to the universe. Whether a natural scientist, a computer scientist, or a
social scientist, the scientist is always motivated above all else by the desire to increase the
breadth and depth of human understanding.
Part 1: Eastern Standards
The farmers of the ancient Nile Valley planted their fields according to the cycle of the four
seasons. They divided their fields into rectangular units along the river shore by use of the
world’s first land surveying techniques. In this purpose, they learned to calculate the area of
their rectangular fields, multiplying width by length to determine the size of their holdings. For
both individual and public financing purposes, these calculations became invaluable to the
people of the ancient Nile, but what of the man who first determined that area is the product
of width and length?
Some would be tempted to suppose that this formula, A=l*w, with A as area, l as length, and
w as width, emerged from the collaborative effort of two or three men studying a field
together, but maybe the observation first arose from the suggestion of a woman drawing water
from the river. The beauty of science is that knowledge arises in just this kind of serendipitous
fashion. Disputing over capitalization and credit seeking only detracts from this unplanned joy
of scientific discovery.
The Egyptians also developed writing and arithmetic numeracy to conduct taxation of the
Egyptian nation. These innovations in conceptual thinking I refer to as formalistic discoveries
after the later Platonic tradition of forms.241 Egyptian irrigation techniques required the
construction of the world’s first canals and ditches to bring water inland from the river. These
efforts greatly enhanced the agricultural surpluses and thus the wealth of Old Kingdom Egypt.
The people of the Indus Valley also understood geometry, as is evidenced by the gridded
street patterns of Mohenjo-Daro, likely modeled after the rectangular shape of fields.242 The
Indian mathematical tradition is indeed ancient and spans the entirety of human history. This is
240
"Abraham Lincoln Quotes." BrainyQuote. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/abraham_lincoln_385030.
241
Plato. On Memory.
242
58
due in large part to the Hindu religion’s belief in the forms that Plato, who is said to have
traveled to India, surely encountered and incorporated into his later writings.243
As a basis for civilization, agriculture naturally employs the use of comparative measures,
whether the weight of grain or the acreage of fields. Numeracy first arose in the River Valley
Civilizations, just like government, out of a common desire shared among the peoples of those
civilizations to live in peace and prosperity, using a common set of standards and tools for the
assessment of truth. Free market exchange arose from the reckoning of commodities prices.
Bargaining over the exchange of surplus rice for surplus pomegranate or surplus papyrus for
surplus spice laid the economic foundation for profit-based markets.
Yu the Great’s construction of dams to protect ancient Chinese civilization from flooding
demonstrates an Eastern reverence for technological skill, but it also implies a remarkably
precise set of standards, measures, and weights that must have emerged from this tradition to
guide the later development of canals and more dams to enable China to become the world’s
second most populous country, after India, by the middle of the twenty-first century.244 The
Chinese legalist period of the Medieval Era exemplified this adherence to objective empirical
measures with the formal adoption of measuring standards across China by law.245
During the great exchange between East and West of the period from 2000 to 1600 B.C.,
Sumerians living in Mesopotamia developed accounting systems for the purpose of calculating
profit or loss, but formalized accounting standards did not emerge until later.246 In this manner
the link between commerce and numeracy established the historic link between free markets
and innovation. The free exchange of goods encouraged the free exchange of ideas and thereby
catalyzed the development of new ideas, the discovery of new knowledge, and the invention of
new machines and systems.
Part Two: Western Inventions
Where Ancient Eastern science had concerned itself with establishing objective standards of
weight and measurement for agricultural and construction applications, Classical Western
science built upon this legacy, using the standards established in the East to construct ever
more impressive feats of engineering and human imagination. Each successive civilization
sought to accomplish more than its predecessors.
243
“Plato." Wikipedia. February 14, 2019. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato.
244
"India 'to Overtake China's Population by 2022' - UN." BBC News. July 30, 2015. Accessed
February 14, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33720723.
245
"Chinese Units of Measurement." Wikipedia. February 11, 2019. Accessed February 14,
2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement.
246
"Accounting Information." The Monetary System, Taxation, and Publicans in the Time of
Christ. Accessed February 14, 2019. https://www.accountingin.com/accounting-historians-
journal/volume-11-number-1/the-significance-of-ancient-mesopotamia-in-accounting-history/.
59
The New Kingdom Egyptians combined their knowledge of geometry with centuries of
experience constructing stone burial mounds to erect the Great Pyramids and the Sphinx, still
standing today after centuries of weathering and war. Archaeologists and historians today
regard the Great Pyramids of Giza as the last remaining of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World. Slaves toiling daily beneath the merciless desert sun surely saw the grandeur of what
they were wearing away their bones to build, yet scarcely did they find the energy or time to
admire their own work in spite of being cheated out of the fruits of their own bloody, sweaty,
agonizing labor. Nonetheless, there must have been some moments of brief, though fleeting,
respite, when a few unhurried breaths could be enjoyed through the trickling of sweat against
the forehead and dried blood against the back, a moment to reflect upon the greatness of the
human mind and its capacity for creation even under the most-dire circumstances.
Not to be bested, the Babylonians constructed their own monuments to innovation,

surrounding their capital city with legendary blue walls and building a series of terraced
outdoor terraria referred to as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, another of the Seven Wonders
of the Ancient World.247248 Trade with the East and West encouraged the exchange of
technologies for the invention of new machines in Classical Babylon. These technological
advancements catalyzed the discovery of new scientific knowledge by empowering scientists to
conduct unprecedented experiments in a quest for answers to previously untestable questions.
I have exalted Persia’s roads in the previous two parts of The Grand Redemption, and the
point bears repeating even now: Persia’s roads accelerated the rate of knowledge’s free
exchange across the earth’s surface by bringing diverse peoples into contact through trade. The
Persian postal service carried information from East to West and vice versa, traversing Persia’s
highways to transmit ideas and reports from one end of known civilization to another. It is
widely established by modern archaeology and historical accounts that the tribes of Pre-
Columbian North America constructed ziggurat-like pyramids to study the movements and
patterns of the stars in the night sky. Even in isolation, Man looks for new knowledge and ways
to incorporate that new knowledge into the rest of his collective self.
The Athenians of Classical Greece revolutionized the intellectual life of not just the West, but
the entire world, by establishing the discourse as a form of knowledge creation and discovery.
As the progenitors of a trading civilization, the Greek city-states routinely interacted with each
other and with the nations, namely Egypt and Persia. Trade routes under the protection of the
Athenian Navy and Persia’s extensive highway system afforded men like Plato the opportunity
to travel safely from the West to the East for the first time in recorded history. The ideas
247
2015, Best National Documentary. "History Documentary - The Power Of Babylon -
Documentaries 2016." YouTube. September 13, 2015. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpHIw-NPGJI.
248
2015, Best National Documentary. "History Documentary - The Power Of Babylon -
Documentaries 2016." YouTube. September 13, 2015. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpHIw-NPGJI.
60
traveling Athenians brought back home with them became the subject of intense debate in a
democratic society where banter and disagreement were an encouraged everyday practice.
Socrates was not a man of financial and political privilege like his student Plato, yet Plato
understood that “no student is above his teacher.”249 Though Socrates lived a life of poverty
and often failed to provide for his family, he gained a reputation as the most inquisitive and
argumentative man in Athens.250He became famous for questioning every person he
encountered about his or her beliefs and the reasons for those beliefs, discourses recorded or
summarized in the dialogues written by Plato, who recorded Socrates’s martyrdom for refusing
to renounce his belief in only one God to the exclusion of all others in his famous Apology.251
The critical tradition of Western philosophy began under this pretext of a man’s right to the
conclusions of his own inviolable mind, completely uncoerced by the claims, opinions, or
threats of others. That this tradition found its first full embodiment in the person of a
controversial peasant who refused to renounce his belief in a singular God speaks to the deep
link between Western philosophy and monotheism as well as the meritorious democracy of
ideas afforded to its practitioners.
Plato established an Academy in Athens to teach philosophy to the young men of the city,
feared by their parents to be under the corrupting influence of the heretical Socrates. By this
single act, he incurred the gratitude and indebtedness of the entire Western academic tradition
for its entire mode of conducting research and establishing knowledge. As the people of the
East toiled beneath the oppressive whip of the slave master or emperor, the people of the
West found in Plato’s academy a laboratory for the testing of revolutionary ideas that would
eventually come to topple the old totalitarian order of the East. One of Plato’s students was
Aristotle.
Monotheism found its Western scientific expression in the work of Aristotle, who most
philosophers regard as the creator of Western science. His Physics and Metaphysics lay out a
series of natural principles for understanding the universe. The most essential of his physical
and metaphysical assertions divided the whole of the universe into component categories with
all things belonging to one or more categories and to the general category of all things.252 This
idea is the basis of analytical science that breaks things down into component parts for
categorization and explanation. Alexander the Great’s political philosophy of a tolerant empire
ruled in distinct components originates from his years studying under Aristotle.
As if their philosophical achievements weren’t enough, the Greeks added to their intellectual
and scientific renown by constructing marketplaces like the acropolis from marble and expertly
sculpting columns to serve as supporting pillars for their temples and public meeting places.
249
Holy Bible. Luke 6:40.
250
"Socrates." Wikipedia. February 05, 2019. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates.
251
Plato. Apologia.
252
Aristotle. Physica.
61
Their architectural practices and aesthetic style became the engineering tradition for European
civilization, beginning with the Romans, who adopted Greek architecture in the construction of
their cities.
Part 3: The Battle for Truth
By merit of their invention of concrete from volcanic pumice, the Romans also built sturdier
buildings that stood firmly against earthquakes by comparison to the structures of the acropolis
like the Parthenon, still in ruins today.253 As a central civilizational technology and key
breakthrough, concrete enabled Rome to conquer Europe in a few short centuries by the
construction of roads along military campaign trails and aqueducts to bring water from
mountains to cities. It also inspired the invention of new architectural structures including the
vault, dome, and arch.
Rome’s greatness originated not just from the power of its technology but of its ideas,
namely Stoicism, first formally articulated by Seneca, the belief that life should be endured with
fortitude and reason as a painful, excruciating experience, trying to both the body and soul. The
Stoics found their philosophical counterparts in the Epicureans, led by Epicurus, and the
hedonists, who advocated a lifestyle of instant gratification as a consolation against the sure
promise of death and oblivion. The two ideas are diametrically opposed, and this is because
one holds the belief in an afterlife to give meaning to worldly suffering. The other does not.
Stoicism brought about Rome’s rise and compelled its conversion to Christianity, but
hedonism destroyed its empire just as it now threatens to destroy America’s. The abandonment
of delayed gratification in favor of the avoidance of immediate pain led Rome’s leaders to
adopt materialistic policies of welfare appeasement, “bread and circuses” for angry, hungry,
bloodthirsty mobs, who could only be appeased so long as harvests remained plentiful and tax
revenues abundant.254
The Byzantines, being of the Eastern Roman Empire, preserved the gains of Roman science,
later to be taken by the Islamic world. Byzantine monks also preserved the academic tradition
founded by Plato over a millennium earlier in Athens. Islamic civilization’s later development of
its own scientific tradition fused the knowledge and techniques of Classical Babylon with the
discoveries and traditions of the Greco-Roman West. In much the same way as Persia facilitated
an exchange of ideas between the East and West during the Classical Age, the Mongol Empire
served the functionary purpose of bringing Eastern inventions like gunpowder and paper from
China to the West during the Medieval Age. Mongol roads became to the Medieval Age what
Persian highways had been to the Classical Age and Mesopotamian trade routes had been to
the Ancient Age.
253
"Concrete." Wikipedia. February 10, 2019. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete.
254
"Bread and Circuses." Wikipedia. February 14, 2019. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread_and_circuses.
62
A series of Crusades between Islam and Christendom during the late Medieval Age
reinvigorated Western philosophy and science, when groups like the Knights Templar
discovered writings from Ancient Greece and Rome in Jerusalem, preserved over centuries in
monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques. Western reacquaintance with these writings
and ideas in the centuries immediately following the Crusades constitute what historians
colloquially call the Renaissance, or “rebirth” of Western Civilization after the fall of Rome.
Fueled by natural human curiosity and appreciation for beauty, the humanists of the
Renaissance only became humanists by merit of the work of monks preserving the humanistic
culture of Western civilization through centuries of political and economic chaos. Nonetheless,
the greatest cultural legacy of the European Renaissance was the undermining of Church
authority and legitimacy in the form of the Enlightenment and subsequent French Revolution.
The Protestant Reformation fundamentally revolutionized Western thought by making Man

the sole arbiter of his truth rather than an institution like the church or academy. The modern
Western tradition of individualism and the Scientific Revolution it inspired originate in Luther’s
assertion that Man’s relationship with God, who is the author of truth, is the basis of Christian
worship, rather than institutional authority. Industrial revolutions manifested the fruits of the
Scientific Revolution in the material realization of a richer, more utopian world, and the
beneficiaries of those revolutions have Luther to thank.
Part 4: One Truth for One World
Columbus’s discovery of the Americas, if not the first European contact with the Western
Hemisphere, did mark a major threshold in the advancement of human knowledge, establishing
once and for all that Earth is round and circumnavigable. Galileo’s discovery that moons orbit
Venus removed Earth from the conceptual center of Man’s universe and set his sights upon the
stars. Kepler gave voice to his vision by declaring that the Sun, not the earth, is at the center of
his Solar System.
The Enlightenment philosophers added to Luther’s legacy by replacing God with Nature in
asserting that Man’s relationship with Nature, the reflection and image of truth, is the basis of
establishing empirical knowledge. The Scientific Revolution of the eighteenth century
germinated from a seed planted in the Enlightenment assertion of each person’s ability to
discern truth from his or her own natural senses and their observations. This is why Jefferson
refers to the “laws of Nature and of Nature’s God” in his justification of America’s Declaration
of Independence in 1776.255 Out of his own natural observation that people behave similarly
and desire the same things, he writes that “all men are created equal with certain unalienable
rights.” He borrows this idea from John Locke’s assertion that all men are entitled to “life,
liberty, and property.”256 Jefferson interestingly replaces property with “the pursuit of
happiness,” seeming to suggest that his own beleaguerment with guilt from the ownership of
255
Jefferson, Thomas. Declaration of Independence. 1776.
256
Locke, John. Two Treatises on Government.
63
slaves led to a natural recognition of the miseries originating from the institution of private
property, namely the fulfillment of one man’s pursuit of happiness at the expense of another’s.
Marx would argue twenty-two years after Jefferson’s death that technological innovation is
limited by the clinging to personal possessions so characteristic of any self-respecting person,
and to a certain extent, this is true in so far as greed and profit-seeking fail to give credit where
credit is due. For example, Nikola Tesla invented many of the nineteenth century’s greatest
inventions, the most famous of which was his alternating current motor, capable of safely
generating electricity on an industrial scale and powering modern civilization as we know it.
Tesla’s invention attracted the attention and investment of the world’s richest people,
including J.P. Morgan, the most powerful man on Wall Street and financial backer of Tesla’s
rival and former boss, Thomas Edison. When Tesla and his financial backer, George
Westinghouse, fell on hard financial times, Morgan sued Westinghouse for the patent to Tesla’s
motor and effectively defrauded Tesla of what should have been his profits and recognition.257
No morally Puritan person would be able to find a justification for such exploitation, yet
Morgan streamlined Tesla’s technology, making it available to the public for consumption at an
affordable rate, an achievement Tesla found himself unable to accomplish by merit of his
isolated, inventive splendor. This friction between the inventor and the investor pushes
civilization forward. The same can be said of Microsoft’s acquisition of its first operating system
from a financially struggling inventor for just a few thousand dollars, an invention it has since
capitalized upon for billions of dollars to the benefit of humanity.258
Alan Turing’s invention of the computer during World War II was, without dispute, the single
most revolutionary invention since that of writing itself. Built to decipher intercepted Nazi
military communications, Turing’s machine saved Europe from totalitarian fascism and
inaugurated the Age of Collective Consciousness, referred to by dystopian cynics as “The
Matrix” after a 1999 science-fiction film depicting a future without human society, a civilization
controlled by robotic drones that feed upon the energy and lifeforce of every enslaved human
body. 259 The film’s warning was all too clear: Man is increasingly living for technology, rather
than technology existing to serve Man’s needs. This is the fundamental reason for the coming
mystical revolt against Northern empiricism.
The Scientific Revolution’s experimental methodology precludes the investigation of

phenomena unobservable to the five senses, and in a world connected by the Internet, with
knowledge available at the speed of light, this methodology is rapidly becoming obsolete, as
increases in humanity’s collective computing power enable people to conduct experiments
257
Diren, Dogmaz. "The Men Who Built America 2012 Season 1 Episode 5." YouTube. August
01, 2015. Accessed February 14, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1p_rjNgGKg.
258
"Pirates of Silicon Valley." IMDb. June 20, 1999. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0168122/?ref_=nv_sr_1.
259
"The Matrix." IMDb. March 31, 1999. Accessed February 14, 2019.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/.
64
across vast, unprecedented distances in space and time. Rocket and satellite technology have
recently enabled people in just the last century to observe distant galaxies millions of light
years away. Human observation is no longer limited to the five senses, as it was nearly four-
hundred years ago. This constitutes the scientific legacy of the United States of America and the
modern world thus far.
The Supernatural Scientific Revolution will mark the advent of a new era in discovery,
philosophy, and invention, as the computer will make more phenomena than ever before
discernable and understandable to the human mind. This Revolution will require the
cooperative and collaborative effort of people on all continents and in every walk of life. It will
unmask the supernatural and shed light on questions of the soul, life force, and the
transmigration of energy into matter first theorized by Einstein more than a century ago.260
Through its discoveries, this revolution will shed light on questions about reincarnation and
immortality first posed by priests in the River Valley Civilizations millennia ago. Technological
advances in space flight and computing will push humanity’s frontiers even further beyond
Earth and thereby awaken the spirit of globalism that will envelope the earth around the year
3000 A.D.
Northern secularism’s unrelenting skepticism of the mystical will only further advance Man’s
ages-old interrogation of nature. The mystical traditions of the South, though dismissed by
Northern scientists, engineers, and theorists as mere superstition, provide the inspiration,
subject matter, and line of questioning for the next stage of that noble inquisition.
260
Einstein. Special Theory of Relativity.
65
THE GRAND
REDEMPTION
2800 B.C.- India
2400 B.C.- China
1200 B.C.- Babylon
800 B.C.- Persia
400 B.C.- Macedonia
0 A.D.- Rome
1200 A.D.- Ottoman
Empire
1600 A.D.- America
2400 A.D.- Eurasian
Union

TOMORROW: PART 4: THE VALUE
CHRISTOPHER WATSON
The Wave of Wealth
In my final analysis of civilization’s five-thousand two-hundred-year history thus far, I don’t

wish to repeat myself to the point of redundancy, only to explain the origin of value as I see it.
Economists have sought to define value for as long as there have been men and women to
count surplus grain supplies and tally their cargoes at seafaring ports. The notion that
economics originated some four-hundred years ago is yet another presumptuous arrogance so
characteristic of institutional academia in the Western World since the fall of the Soviet Union.
66
With the supposed collapse of the East at the conclusion of the twentieth century, the
Western World assumed an unprecedented degree of complacency in its dealings with the
Third World, launching multiple invasions on false pretenses of the Middle East in countries
including Kuwait, Iraq, Yemen, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Libya, and Syria, all in the name of
defeating the spread of “radical Islamic terrorism.”261
Much like the Roman persecution of the early Christian Church did not stop the spread of
Christianity, American Christian persecution of Islam will not stop its spread throughout the
world and will undoubtedly hinder the spread of the Christian Gospel to the nations of the
Muslim world. You might be asking yourself what all of this has to do with economic value, but
it has everything to do with economic value.
Economic value only arises when two mutually consenting parties agree to exchange value
for value, thereby adding value to the life of each party to a transaction. Anything less than this
basic mutual respect in material exchange constitutes parasitism at best and slavery at worst.
The long, arduous history of human labor and innovation can be divided into four distinct ages
of civilizational development in accord with the theory I have laid out in earlier pages.
261
Holley, Peter. "'Radical Islamic Terrorism': Three Words That Separate Trump from Most of
Washington." The Washington Post. March 01, 2017. Accessed February 24, 2019.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/02/28/radical-islamic-terrorism-
three-words-that-separate-trump-from-most-of-washington/?utm_term=.f44212ad0ec7.
67
government, world peace, and world trade.
Part One: Trading Surpluses
Old Kingdom Egyptian agriculture lifted Man from the blissful poverty of the sub-Saharan
savanna into the burdensome wealth of civilization. From the first surpluses of Egypt’s fields
were afforded luxuries including papyrus for writing, time for thought, and the alleviation of
total demand for agricultural labor, thereby enabling Egypt’s first economy to specialize into
distinct industries and trades.
Agricultural civilization established food as the basis of value and the de facto medium of
exchange in times of crisis. For this reason, private property first arose in the Nile Valley, so that
growing surpluses would originate from the saving and replanting of a portion of the surplus
grain by cultivating farmers, who pridefully tended their land, knowing that their livelihoods
and the well-being of their families depended upon their doing so. Meritocracy originated in
the competition to be the farmer who exhibited the greatest skill in producing surplus grain, the
world’s first form of economic profit. Whoever could produce the most grain could command
the greatest area of land. An inseparable link between property, innovation, thrift, and political
power took shape in the name of increasing population.
In the ancient Indus Valley of 2800 B.C., the agricultural people of early India established a
similar form of socioeconomic hierarchy to encourage agricultural fertility, using their Hindu
religion as a tool to enforce a rigid code of social conduct regulating the relations between field
owners, brahmins, and the peasants who slaved away to cultivate them, untouchables. This
ancient class system still exists all across the world today in all capitalist societies, but its first
articulation in the text of the Vedas and Gita perhaps compelled Marx to later declare religion
to be “the opiate of the masses” as a critique of the static social hierarchy naturally encouraged
262
263
68
by agricultural society.264
China’s agricultural roots span the breadth of some four-thousand five-hundred years of
history, interspersed with periods of interior fighting among dynasties and outside invasion, but
China’s reliance upon the cultivation of its own land for sustenance remains unchanged even in
modern day China, where the Chinese Communist Party is radically reordering the structure of
a society steeped in tradition and mysticism to create an eco-friendly communist economy
organized around the maintenance of harmony between Man and Nature.
China’s agricultural economy initially encouraged the development of private property in

much the same manner as the traditions of Old Kingdom Egypt and the Indus Valley facilitated
such a division of land, but centuries of foreign incursion in China awakened class sensibilities
and aroused resentment against the landed elite for the first time. Whereas the Russian
Revolution of 1917 was urban in nature, originating among the workers of St. Petersburgh, the
Chinese Revolution of 1949 took an agricultural form by necessity, as China has orchestrated
the development of its civilization over millennia to maximize the agricultural productivity of its
land and thereby raise the fortunes of its people.
Sumer, Ur, and Uruk in ancient Mesopotamia established the Middle Eastern trading
tradition as the first major city-states to inhabit the Tigris and Euphrates Valley. From the
agricultural surpluses of the world’s River Valley Civilizations arose great centers of trade in the
Near East to mediate the exchange of goods from China and India in the East to Egypt in the
West. Money first arose as pieces of inscribed clay recording balances paid and owed in
Mesopotamian trading centers.265
The invention of credit and debt marked a turning point in economic history and the
dawning of a new era in civilizational development, removing value from the direct availability
of goods and attaching it instead to the trust among individuals that the capacity exists to bring
goods to market. For the first time, value became a concept of possibility in light of reality,
rather than reality alone.
Part Two: Herding Value
The farmers of ancient Egypt became complacent in the wealth and political power they
gained from trading their agricultural surpluses with the East, compelling them to take slaves
from foreign nations as mere means to the enrichment of their own wealth and power. Greed
compelled the Egyptians to equate the lives of those who did not speak their language and
worship their gods with mere sums of money. This commoditization of human labor marked the
first alienation described by Marx in Capital.266
264
Marx, Karl. The Communist Manifesto. 1848.
265
Ferguson, Niall. The History of Money. 1998.
266
Marx, Karl. Capital.
69
Classical Babylonians invented imperialism as we understand it today, using the wealth

wrought by centuries of global trade to equip massive armies for the pillage and conquest of
nations including Egypt, previously revered by the Sumerians, but trounced upon by their
descendants. Persia’s eventual conquest of Babylon under Cyrus the Great placed its imperial
apparatus into benevolent hands, enabling Persia’s rulers to establish the world’s first trading
empire through the construction of roads for the transportation of goods and information.
Alexander the Great’s conquest of Persia disrupted the preexisting course of human events,
shifting geopolitical power from the East to the West and inaugurating the transference of
humanity’s wealth, stored up over millennia from the transformation and use of successive
grain surpluses, from the agricultural East to the pastoral West.
Greek democracy and maritime trade encouraged the inculcation of “oceanic” culture in the
West, concerned with universal values and the free exchange of ideas alongside goods, a
distinct contrast from “terrestrial” culture in the East, concerned with tribal values and the fair
distribution of land for the maximization of population.267 Where the economic institutions and
traditions of Ancient Eastern economies prioritized population maximization, the merchant
culture and regulations of Classical Western economies prioritized speed, efficiency, and
mobility.
The pastoral tradition of Western life encouraged the formation of a worldview

characterized by respect for the individual and a contempt for herds of livestock, regarded as
the primary store of value and wealth, things to be bought and sold for profit. The origin of the
term common stock, used to refer to ownership shares in a modern corporation, originates in
the Western equivocation of animal herds with material wealth.
Part Three: Preserving Surplus and Value
The Romans seamlessly fused Eastern agrarian collectivism, characterized by its disregard for
the individual in favor of the public good as a means of encouraging agricultural productivity,
with Western pastoral individualism, characterized by its disregard for the herd in favor of the
will of strong men, to produce the perfect culmination of civilization’s development prior to the
birth of Christ. Its Senate and legions brought law, order, and slavery to the previously warring
tribes of the Germanic wilderness; all the while, its great dictators and generals challenged the
power and privilege of the patrician elite to routinely expand the definition of human liberty
from that of mere subsistence at the mercy of a slave master to the ownership of land
previously toiled over in slavery.
Imperial decadence corrupted the values championed by Caesar and Augustus, distorting the
Roman Republican Dream of freedom, citizenship, and land ownership into a petty class
struggle over the scraps of splendor. Whereas the Romans of earlier centuries constructed
267
Dugin, Aleksander. The Fourth Political Theory.
70
great aqueducts and highways to connect their growing empire, later generations of Romans
abandoned their aspirations to the realities of a cruel class struggle and outside invasion.
The Byzantines Christianized the Roman Republican Dream, reshaping it from the sport of
competing gladiatorial ludi and pagan patricians into the noble quest of knights and crusaders.
Byzantine chivalry originated from the establishment of noblesse oblige as the world’s first
social safety net, obliging the nobility, formerly called patricians and land owners, to provide for
the shelter, security, and sustenance of serfs, today referred to as feudalism.
Under feudalism, Medieval Europe embraced monastic agrarian civilization and abandoned
much of its nomadic, pagan past. Charlemagne’s Holy Roman Empire still granted
disproportionate power to landed elites, but the new relationship between “Lord” and serf
established a claim upon the property of the upper class by the lower class for the first time in
human history, as the serfs, much like sharecroppers working in the Jim Crowe South, were
entitled to a share of what they grew on the land owned by a feudal lord. Under slavery, no
such claim had ever existed for the slave upon the property of the master.
The Mongol conquest of Eastern Europe disrupted Western monastic feudalism while
simultaneously reinvigorating the fighting spirits of Western Europeans. The close coincidence
of the Crusades with the Mongol invasion of Europe demonstrates the volatility and bilateral
nature of the civilizational exchange that took place to conclude the Medieval Age by ushering
in the Renaissance, Enlightenment, and First Industrial Revolution in the West.
From the second great exchange between East and West arose the world’s most extensive
trading empire to that time in the form of the dynasty shaped by Osman the Great and his
successors, the Ottoman Sultans. By regulating daily life in all parts of the Near East with Islamic
law and military enforcement, the Ottomans provided the world with a viable marketplace for
the free exchange of goods and ideas, invaluable to the evolution of mercantile capitalism after
1492.
Part Four: Sharing Surplus and Value
Historians should never forget that Columbus’s quest to sail west originated from a desire to
find a faster route to East Asia and exclude the Ottoman Empire from global trade, partly
motivated by greed for economic gain and partly by a desire to save Christendom from
conquest by the rising wealth and power of Islam. Though the road to Hell may indeed be
paved with good intentions, Heaven was always the intended destination. Wherever explorers
have gone, they have gone first to discover and later to colonize, motivated by a belief in the
virtue of their own values and the desire to manifest those values in reality.
The Protestant dissidents who fled Catholic persecution sought not just refuge from their
enemies but a second chance at life, the freedom to worship as they saw fit on their own land
without the intrusion of a bishop or priest. Their first articulation of the American Dream some
four-hundred years ago in the Mayflower Compact still fundamentally defines the way that
71
Americans identify themselves in a world seeking to crush their dreams. Jefferson’s declaration
of every man’s right to “the pursuit of happiness” recognized this dreamer’s ideal of what it
means to be an American.268 Adam Smith economized it in The Wealth of Nations, published in
the same year, in which the author argues that technological innovation arises from the
common desire of people to save themselves labor in order to do with their time and lives as
they best see fit.269
America’s war against itself from 1861 to 1865 hinged upon the question of whether every
laboring person has a right to an honest wage. In the name of giving credit where credit was
due, thousands of American men slaughtered one another in their own fields. What emerged
from the aftermath of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and Civil War was a social condition for
African Americans living in the American South akin to the feudalistic poverty that existed in
Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. Newly freed men labored over the same land as they
had their entire conscious lives for a share of the same crop they had always grown, only to eat
it and give it to their families for sustenance, perpetually impoverished, generation after
generation.
The Second Industrial Revolution brought urban tensions to a similar class division, pitting
factory owning capitalists against underpaid and overworked laborers, who organized as unions
to collectively bargain with investors as an economic force. Through their strikes and
negotiations, these industrial unions secured shorter working days and higher wages for their
members, but only at the expense of non-members, often immigrants from Southern and
Eastern Europe who were willing to do more work for less money. In the bluntest of terms, the
mirror image of this Victorian social tension is tearing the American Rust Belt apart today,
pitting immigrant workers from Latin America against native born workers from the Midwest.
This is the classic trick of capitalists and elites in all ages and epochs of human history, to pit
people against one another with an invented crisis, in this case deindustrialization wrought by
free trade and global capitalism. After pitting the poor and powerless against one another, the
wealthy and empowered retreat to their safe havens as they watch the rest of us murder each
other over piecemeal bits of their wealth, laughing all the way to the bank as they purchase
what we leave behind for pennies on the dollar. In all ages, the story has been the same; the
rich get richer, and the poor go further into debt just to keep up with rising prices.
Over time, it seems clear to me that the global elite wish to completely eliminate the
underclasses altogether, first by machine automation of their livelihoods and then by outright
genocide. In their arrogance and isolation, the elite have always sought to keep their feet
pressed firmly down upon the necks of the world’s poor, gasping for just a breath of the fresh
air for which they will soon be forced to pay taxes. Wherever one man tries to rise above
humble circumstances, there are twelve parasites waiting to push him down even further.
Wherever one woman dreams big, there are twelve gossips smacking their lips to defame her
268
Jefferson, Thomas. Declaration of Independence. 1776.
269
Smith, Adam. Wealth of Nations. Chapter 1- On the Division of Labor. 1776.
72
reputation. This is the despicable way of human nature, oppressing and frustrating the
ambitions of one out of the insecurity of the many.
The Persian Enlightenment must take this historical class tension into its renderings of
history. It must understand the sacrifices of people in all ages and civilizations for the
construction of paradise on Earth, the restoration of utopia from our primordial youth. In the
chase for wealth, credit, and treasure, we must not forget the greatest treasure of all, the value
that binds all people together in all ages and for all purposes, love.
As technology continues to advance with the expansion of human knowledge, opportunities

for enrichment will become available to increasingly more people. The extra ease afforded by
technological innovation and scientific discovery will transform the way people work and live,
enabling them to work from their own homes in the cottage industrial fashion of previous
centuries. New manufacturing technologies, including three-dimensional printing and software
design, will empower more people than ever before to invent and create new goods and
machines to improve the lives of ordinary people.
Against the tide of progress and innovation will always arise the friction imposed by
empowered financial elite, those who live to profit from the discoveries of science. Their
incessant insistence upon applying the discoveries of science in the most economic fashion will
facilitate the fastest advancement of civilization through the quickest adoption of new
innovations. The job of a true capitalist is to direct money, the store of Man’s labor, from
savings deposits to processes that enhance and develop Man’s ability to do evermore labor
with everless effort.
The logical conclusion of this process is the effective abolition of scarcity, as the ability to do
evermore work begets the capacity to produce evermore goods and services to satisfy Man’s
material needs. Though it may be true that Man’s wants are limitless, his needs are few, and
the historic purpose of capitalism is to unite the world’s labor in the singular effort of satisfying
each of those few needs: food, water, shelter, clean air, and health. We rapidly march toward a
world where each of these necessities can be both accessible and affordable to every single
person from the fruit of his or her own labor.
Technological innovation obsolesces entire industries while necessitating the creation of

others. As long as Man exists, there will be work to be done, for even if we can satisfy all of our
needs, we will never satisfy all of our wants. For the free market to survive, it must provide
insurance for all of life’s calamities, effectively constructing its own social safety net. Insurance
must become so affordable and widely available that it can be offered as protection against any
and all material disasters. Efficiently priced markets, facilitated by the lightspeed exchange of
information, can certainly assist in the effort, and the complete alleviation of poverty by this
process should be the singular economic goal of the postmodern world. Only then will a
communist economy, with capital ownership afforded to all people, be possible, as the sheer
size of capital markets will necessitate the participation of all people in their creation.
73
THE GRAND
REDEMPTION
2800 B.C.- India
2400 B.C.- China
1200 B.C.- Babylon
800 B.C.- Persia
400 B.C.- Macedonia
0 A.D.- Rome
1200 A.D.- Ottoman
Empire
1600 A.D.- America
2400 A.D.- Eurasian
Union

TOMORROW: EPILOGUE: THE MEANING OF LIFE
CHRISTOPHER WATSON
The Wave of Redemption
Now we come to the end of the road but not the end of the wave. The wave transcends and
defines our experience. Its inflections and turning points give texture to our times and meaning
to our lives. Considered in even the briefest glimpses, the history of human civilization is the
history of Man’s Redemption from a dark, unforgiving, and chaotic wilderness through the
achievements of religion, politics, science, and industry. By my theory, history yields four
distinct lessons to those with eyes to see and ears to hear.
74
Lesson 1: Ancient Eastern culture’s legacy of totalitarian collective nature worship provided
the rigid framework for civilization. (3200 B.C.-1600 B.C.)
The agricultural traditions of the Ancient East, the River Valley Civilizations, provided
humanity with a template for human civilization five-thousand two-hundred years ago. Nature
worship arose from the practice of relying upon natural forces like wind and rain for
sustenance. The collective nature of agricultural enterprise necessitated the creation of
totalitarian, collectivist governments to bring order and slavery to the agricultural process.
From the race to produce the greatest surpluses, farmers invented elementary methods of
scientific inquiry and experimentation. From their gains, agricultural civilization flourished and
grew.
In Old Kingdom Egypt, pantheistic worship of the sun and Nile River influenced the
development of a hierarchical society commanded by deified pharaohs who commanded slave
labor to construct stone pyramids. The deification of pharaohs established a strong tradition of
totalitarian rule in Africa and Asia, where civilization first arose. Institutions like land ownership
and taxation required the invention of numeracy and mathematics to reckon disparities among
properties.
The people of the ancient Indus Valley established their own pantheistic religion based on
nature worship with an even more sharply pronounced caste system of multiple classes. These
classes worked in administrative cooperation to construct trading centers in cities, most
notably Mohenjo-Daro. Public works projects, undertaken to build these centers, required
unprecedented calculations and thereby advanced the threshold of science and mathematics.
Through trade with other civilizations, ancient India laid solid foundations for its lasting
civilization.
Early settlers of the Yangtze River Valley worshipped their ancestors, elevating the religion of
Man from animism to spiritualism, as the forces of nature have no intelligent will, as do the
souls of people. Through a tradition of filial piety, early Chinese farmers administered their
fields, passed from one generation to the next. They developed standards of weight and
measurement for commerce and constructed irrigation canals. With their immense agricultural
surpluses, China’s rulers made their nation the most populous on Earth.
Ancient Mesopotamians worshipped gods said to be animated by spirits; each of their gods
corresponded to a city-state. From the notion of rival gods emerged political rivalries among
the city-states. Trade between Egypt and the East brought ever larger sums of wealth floating
through the ports of the lower Euphrates and a subsequent rise in the technological
innovations necessary for sustained growth in trade volume.
Old Kingdom Egypt founded civilization with its invention of agriculture. India created a caste
system to structure its political development. China invented the means for its growth in
population with dams and canals. Sumer and the city-states of Mesopotamia facilitated the
exchange among all three with the development of trade and accounting.
75
The net effect of these ancient civilizational contributions to the foundation of civilization
became the advent of polytheistic religion, establishment of monarchy, invention of numeracy
and measuring standards, and the institution of private property and currency. Modern people
take these achievements for granted precisely because of how essential they have become to
the very definition of civilization.
Lesson 2: Classical Western culture’s edification of the noble individual as a conquering hero
provided the ideological framework for colonial imperialism. (1600 B.C.-0 A.D.)
Pastoral shepherding traditions of the first Western cultures provided Eastern Civilization
with the template for its own territorial and demographic expansion. The solitary nature of
shepherding inculcated monotheistic religion in the people of the West, whereby all people are
regarded as sheep in the eyes of God, the benevolent shepherd. Monotheistic religion naturally
encouraged the paradoxical assumption of individual rights in democracies, like Athens, while
stimulating the egotistical grasping for political power of men like Alexander the Great and
Julius Caesar. Western philosophy gave rise to the logical reductionist approach to Aristotelian
science that breaks down subjects of study into their component parts for analysis and study.
Western conquest of the Near East set an example for other civilizations to follow in their
relations with the rest of the world.
New Kingdom Egypt’s worship of an indifferent pantheon in need of constant sacrifice and
appeasement and a pharaoh in constant need of taxes compelled its conquering warriors to
enslave foreign peoples for the sake of glorifying Egypt. The totalitarian governing philosophy of
the pharaohs discouraged all dissent and silenced any opposition to monarchy. Construction of
the pyramids gave rise to the need for improvements in stone masonry and engineering
technology. With its surplus wealth, beaten from the bleeding backs of Jewish slaves, New
Kingdom Egypt stretched its financial prowess and power to the ends of the earth until
Babylonian conquest shifted the balance of geopolitical power toward the East.
Babylon expanded the definition of empire just as its predecessors in Sumer and the
Mesopotamian city-states had expanded the definition of God, making an empire a series of
trading relationships in addition to political and military alliances. The absolutism of Babylon’s
kings enabled the power of government to grow unchecked. Great engineering feats, including
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, required the brightest Babylonian minds to invent new
methods of irrigation and transportation, adding to the sum total of humanity’s knowledge.
Imperial power made Babylon the richest city in the world.
Persia’s monotheistic belief in a singular God, Zoroaster, delineated the distinction between
the totalitarian imperial philosophy of Nebuchadnezzar II and the tolerant imperial philosophy
of Cyrus the Great. By their belief in a singular, tolerant God, Persia’s people demonstrated the
geopolitical power of diversity to the world. With the vast taxes they collected from conquered
provinces, Persia’s leaders commissioned imperial highways to connect the furthest reaches of
East Asia with the southern cataracts of the Nile, bringing peoples together in common thought
76
for civilizational progress. Persia’s classical infrastructure made it the richest and most powerful
empire the world had yet seen.
Alexander’s belief in his own divinity marked the apex of political hubris in the pre-Christian
world and instilled the ethos of heroic conquerors as godlike figures into the Western
imagination. Greek traditions of free speech, trial by jury, and fair elections cultivated an
environment rife with debate and philosophical inquiry. The search for wisdom in discourse led
to experimental investigation in science and the invention of simple machines by great Greek
engineers like Archimedes. From their gains in knowledge the Greeks acquired gains in trade
and imperial power.
New Kingdom Egypt used its wealth and political power to establish the institution of
international slavery, justifying it with an unforgiving polytheistic religion and military might.
Babylon’s imperial splendor established the precedent of big government as the source of
imperial power. Persia’s imperial philosophy of tolerance and peace encouraged the free
exchange of scientific knowledge between the East and West. Greek unification and conquest
of Persia under Alexander the Great shifted financial power to the West for approximately
sixteen-hundred years from 400 B.C. to 1200 A.D., when the Ottoman Empire established a
Muslim Sultanate in Eastern Europe.
The Classical West’s contributions to the development of civilization constitute the entirety
of colonial imperial philosophy. Monotheistic religion encouraged the consolidation of political
power into the hands of one man. Military conquest as a civilizational strategy created a culture
of perpetual war. Western philosophy’s insistence upon the right of the independent mind to
think freely stimulated the evolution of natural science. Western trade with the East
established civilizational interdependency between the two hemispheres.
Lesson 3: Interaction and conflict between the religious, political, scientific, and economic
traditions of the East and West propels civilization ahead. (0 A.D.-1600 A.D.)
The Medieval Age marked a departure from the isolation of previous millennia, when the
two hemispheres lived and developed separately from one another. The perpetual clash
between Western monotheism and Eastern polytheism yielded Islam as a fourth monotheistic
tradition of the Near East. Crusades between Christendom and Islam laid the groundwork for
nobility and feudal monarchical hierarchy. Monastic traditions of Christianity and Islam
guaranteed the preservation of ancient philosophy and science in the midst of political chaos.
Trade along the Silk Road facilitated an exchange of cultures, goods, and ideas from East to
West and vice versa.
The Roman Empire’s conversion to Christianity eventually brought about the consecration of
Northern Europe to Christianity in the four-hundred years after the fall of Rome in 476 A.D.
Rome’s imperial government and highways made the conversion speedy and convenient in
spite of political persecution. Roman stoicism and engineering precision made the world’s first
77
Christian empire a leader in technology. Technological leadership carried with it financial

leadership of the world.
The Byzantine Empire successfully preserved the Christian culture established after Rome’s
conversion but failed to stop the invasion of Eastern Europe by Islamic jihadists.
Constantinople’s government passed laws to codify Christian principles as enforceable statute
in the Justinian Code. Greek science and philosophy continued to flourish in Byzantine
monasteries. Constantinople itself became such a prosperous city that it eventually attracted
the envy of the Ottomans, who renamed it Istanbul.
Mongolian invasion of the Islamic Middle East and Christian West tested the faith of both
religious civilizations. The swift mobility of Mongol hordes enabled them to amass the largest
empire in the history of the world. Territorial breadth enabled the fast communication of
information along the Silk Road. An exchange of information usually precipitated an exchange
of goods and wealth.
Ottoman conquest of Europe brought many Christians and Muslims face to face for the first
time and provided the necessary conditions for conversions and religious awakenings across
Eastern Europe, especially in Russia after the collapse of the Mongol Empire and
Constantinople, where Christianity first became a codified force of law. The Ottoman Sultanate
brought law and order to the Middle East, a region historically ravaged by war and tribal
disputing over land. Ottoman familiarity with Western science and Eastern technologies,
including aqueducts and gunpowder, spread classical culture back into Europe for the first time
in nearly a millennium, triggering the Renaissance. Constant trade over the highways of the
Ottoman Empire made the Sultanate the world’s most powerful economy at the time of
Columbus’s expedition to the New World in 1492.
Rome established Christianity as an imperial force in global culture and politics. The
Byzantine Empire codified its ethics as the word of law. Mongol hordes united Eastern and
Western science. Ottoman merchants united their goods and wealth. Though the four
civilizations occupied territories and capital cities separated by thousands of miles and years of
history, each carried on the same crusade as the others, the facilitation of a civilizational
exchange between East and West for the unification of the entire world.
It becomes apparent from surveying Medieval history that an exchange of ideas and values
only resulted from a constant conflict and rivalry between the East and West. Monotheism
came to dominate the world’s religions because of the Crusades. Monarchy became the world’s
leading form of government because of the constant threat of outside invasion and the
consequent need for rapid mobilization in national defense. The academic tradition preserved
and enhanced the intellectual and scientific gains of millennia only because of the religious
fervor compelling men and women to become monks and nuns. Silk Road trade inspired
Westerners to seek faster routes to the East.
78
Lesson Four: The liberation of all people from religious persecution, political injustice,
scientific technocracy, and financial elitism defines the redeeming mission of the Modern
Age.
Modernity is the story of Man’s futile, though admirable, efforts to become God since the
Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution, and First Industrial Revolution.
The nation-state movements and wars of colonial independence exhibit an increasingly
apparent trend in world politics, a shifting of the geopolitical axis from the ancient conflict of
East against West into the modern conflict of North against South. The Supernatural Scientific
Revolution and coming Persian Enlightenment promise to revolutionize human thought in much
the same way as the French Enlightenment of the eighteenth century. The potential gains to
both global trade and human wealth are nearly inconceivable to the twenty-first century mind.
America’s tradition of religious dissent laid the foundation for a society of rugged individuals
and conquering pioneers. The American spirit of self-reliance and individualism compelled its
people to take up arms in the cause of their own self-determination. Technological
advancements, made possible by American inventors and investors, guaranteed the
obsolescence of slave labor in the West. Free market capitalism and global trade made America
the richest nation in the history of the world thus far.
The Southern Caliphate’s jihad in the name of Islam will convert hundreds of millions of
people across Asia to monotheism between 2000 A.D. and 2400 A.D. Its rigid political hierarchy
based upon clerical authority will alienate many of the people under its rule, persuading them
to convert to Christianity and to engage in political dissent against Sharia law. The Supernatural
Scientific Revolution of the Persian Enlightenment will expand the frontiers of human
knowledge and either validate or invalidate many of the major claims of the world’s religions. A
new age of hemispheric exchange between East and West will transpire over the unbuilt
highways of the Caliphate.
Eurasian Union will mean the reinstitution of the Roman Catholic Church as a political empire
around the year 2400 A.D. Its technocratic government will suppress the rights of dissidents to
Church authority much like the Inquisitors of the late fifteenth century, who burned supposed
heretics at the stake for their refusal to convert. Their methods of persecution will certainly be
more sophisticated thanks to the Supernatural Scientific Revolution, but the underlying
principle of totalitarian fascism will remain unchanged from previous ages. The communist
economy of such a Union would relegate most of its citizens to a form of Church and
government-imposed poverty akin to the feudalism of the Medieval Age.
American rugged individualism and Protestant free thought will make a resurgence around
the year 2900 A.D. The writings of America’s revolutionary founders will resurface from the
archives of long-forgotten library repositories, and ideas of individual self-determination, free
speech, democracy, and free religion will once again take hold of Europe and the Northern
World. The interaction of North American frontier innovation with European science will trigger
a Northern Scientific Revolution after the Supernatural Scientific Revolution of the twenty-
79
second and twenty-third centuries, characterized by advances in space travel technology. These
advancements will make the Northern Union the most powerful empire in the history of
humanity and empower its military to conquer the world and establish a Global Union by the
year 3200 A.D.
In light of all this knowledge and prediction, what is the meaning of life?
To worship your God, pursue justice, seek the truth, and chase your dreams is the meaning
of life. Even in an age that claims to have killed God and destroyed the truth, we all still seek the
freedom to do these four things. Some people spend their entire lives evangelizing. Others
make their way by pursuing power. Still others search for knowledge and create inventions.
Some are born to manage and facilitate the whole process through investment.
Whatever your station in life might be, you have a purpose, and your life has meaning.
Other people can discourage you and attempt to define your destiny, but they can never stop
you from worshipping your God, pursuing justice, seeking the truth, and chasing your dreams.
They can frustrate your efforts, but they cannot stop them altogether. They can lie about you
and steal your credit, but they cannot have your integrity and principles. They can sabotage or
even destroy your work, but they cannot stop its effect. Even in death, our work lives on in the
effects of its fruition, both intended and unintended, foreseen and unforeseen. Even in our
mistakes there exists the potential for redemptive power. I have made it my life’s purpose to
predict the future. If I have succeeded in this work, then I can rest, assured that I accomplished
the purpose I set out to achieve. This is my Grand Redemption.
Christopher Grayson Watson,

February 23, 2019

The Grand Redemption-A History of Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

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1

A HISTORY OF YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND

The Civilizational Wave

Stage 1: Eastern Agrarianism

Stage 2: Western Pastoralism

Stage 3: Agrarian Pastoralism

Part One: Many gods

Part Two: One God

1- Have no other God before me.

Persia’s ambitions proved uncontainable. Propelled forward by a philosophy of conquest as a

1- Practice right views.

Part Three: One God, Many Religions

The five pillars of Islam prescribed in the Quran are as follows:

1- Submission to Allah, Arabic for God. Islam means “submission” in Arabic.110

Part Four: One God for One World

thousands, of socially undesirable, dispossessed, or otherwise indentured and enslaved people

A globalist utopia comes to mind, a united world without misunderstanding and

A HISTORY OF YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND

The Wave of Power

Stage 1: Eastern Agrarianism

Stage 2: Western Pastoralism

Stage 3: Agrarian Pastoralism

Part One: Eastern Collectivism

Part Two: Western Individualism

Part Three: One from Many

Part Four: One World

The United Provinces of Holland formed as an alliance of Dutch city-states against

Corporate capitalism is the brainchild of European colonization and the Protestant

As Europe reverted to a conservative order following Napoleon’s demise, America embraced

Lincoln himself embodied the principles of America’s revolutionary experiment, a self-made

No communist revolution has taken as dramatic or as consequential a form in human history

A HISTORY OF YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND

The Wave of Discovery

1- Research- Whether through direct experience or observation, a person comes to obtain

That is the fundamental link between science and economics.

Stage 1: Eastern Agrarianism

Stage 2: Western Pastoralism

Stage 3: Agrarian Pastoralism

As humanity’s collective conscience begins to emerge from the constant broadband

Part 1: Eastern Standards

Part Two: Western Inventions

Not to be bested, the Babylonians constructed their own monuments to innovation,

Part 3: The Battle for Truth

The Protestant Reformation fundamentally revolutionized Western thought by making Man

Part 4: One Truth for One World

The Scientific Revolution’s experimental methodology precludes the investigation of

A HISTORY OF YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND

The Wave of Wealth

In my final analysis of civilization’s five-thousand two-hundred-year history thus far, I don’t

Stage 1: Eastern Agrarianism

Stage 2: Western Pastoralism

Stage 3: Agrarian Pastoralism

Part One: Trading Surpluses

China’s agricultural economy initially encouraged the development of private property in

Part Two: Herding Value

Classical Babylonians invented imperialism as we understand it today, using the wealth

The pastoral tradition of Western life encouraged the formation of a worldview

Part Three: Preserving Surplus and Value

Part Four: Sharing Surplus and Value

As technology continues to advance with the expansion of human knowledge, opportunities

Technological innovation obsolesces entire industries while necessitating the creation of

A HISTORY OF YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND