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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

81-73:2005

Safety rules for the


construction and
installation of lifts —
Particular applications
for passenger and
goods passenger lifts —
Part 73: Behaviour of lifts in the event of
fire
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The European Standard EN 81-73:2005 has the status of a


British Standard

ICS 91.140.90; 13.220.50

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 81-73:2005

National foreword

This British Standard is the official English language version of


EN 81-73:2005.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
MHE/4, Lifts, Hoists, and Escalators, which has the responsibility to:

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible international/European committee any


enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the
UK interests informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on


request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European
publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue
under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or
by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British
Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

This British Standard was Amendments issued since publication


published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee Amd. No. Date Comments
on 24 June 2005

© BSI 24 June 2005

ISBN 0 580 46129 7


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 81-73
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2005

ICS 91.140.90; 13.220.50

English version

Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts -


Particular applications for passenger and goods passenger lifts -
Part 73: Behaviour of lifts in the event of fire

Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und den Einbau von
élévateurs - Applications particulières pour les ascenseurs Aufzügen - Besondere Anwendungen für Personen- und
et les ascenseurs de charge - Partie 73: Fonctionnement Lastenaufzüge - Teil 73: Verhalten von Aufzügen im
des ascenseurs en cas d'incendie Brandfall

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 October 2004.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
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CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION


COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 81-73:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 81-73:2005 (E)

Contents
page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................5
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................5
4 List of significant hazards ............................................................................................................................7
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures ......................................................................................7
5.1 General............................................................................................................................................................7
5.1.1 Input signals...................................................................................................................................................8
5.1.2 Stopped position of the lift ...........................................................................................................................8
Prohibition sign...........................................................................................................................................................8
5.2 Interface requirements between the fire alarm system and the lift control system ...............................8
5.2.1 General............................................................................................................................................................8
5.2.2 Discrete interface...........................................................................................................................................9
5.2.3 Serial interface ...............................................................................................................................................9
5.3 Behaviour of the lift on the receipt of a fire detection signal....................................................................9
5.4 Designated landing......................................................................................................................................11
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6 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures ...........................................................11


7 Information for use ......................................................................................................................................12
Annex A (informative) Lift scenarios and interfaces ..........................................................................................13
A.1 Lift scenarios forming a basis for the application of EN 81-73...............................................................13
A.2 Provision of automatic fire detection and lift interfaces .........................................................................14
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 95/16/EC ....................................................................................................15
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................16

2
EN 81-73:2005 (E)

Foreword
This document EN 81-73:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts, escalators and
moving walks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by November 2005.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

This standard is part of the EN 81 series of standards “Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts” and
is complementary to the introduction of EN 81-1 and EN 81-2. This is the first edition.

This document includes a Bibliography.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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3
EN 81-73:2005 (E)

Introduction
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-2:2003.

The lifts concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in
the scope of this document.

When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for lifts that have
been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.

At present there are no European and only few national regulations for lifts which include specifications related to
the behaviour of lifts in the case of a fire in a building, except for firefighters lifts and the testing of the fire
resistance of landing doors. In some instances, locally required notices can be found such as “Do not use lift in
case of fire”.

This has the consequence that persons may be able to use lifts whilst a fire is in the building due to the fact that
they are not aware of this potential critical situation and the lifts are not taken out of service. Except for some
particular cases it is not intended that lifts should be used in the event of fire.

This European Standard deals with:

a) reducing the risk of passengers being trapped in a car in the event of a fire in a building;

b) clearly showing the firefighters/rescue teams that the lift contains no trapped passengers since it will be finally
parked at a designated floor;
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c) reducing the risk of passengers in the car being exposed to fire and smoke.

The contents of this standard are based on the following assumptions:

⎯ requirements apply to all passenger and goods passenger lifts with all types of drives;

⎯ there needs to be a clear separation between the functioning of the building management system and the lift
control system;

⎯ automatic fire detection system initiates the signal to the lift causing a specific reaction of the lift. Alternatively,
a manual recall device is interfaced with the lift in order to send input signals to the lift;

⎯ lift control system determines the reaction of the lift) on receipt of a signal from the fire detection system;

⎯ lift is in normal operation and is available for passenger use;

⎯ fire alarm system is operating as intended;

⎯ dependent upon the fire alarm system in the building and the management of this information, different
reactions of the lift are possible;

⎯ building designers, architects or planners shall consider this standard with care. The provision of even a
manual recall device, or a fire detector on each landing will greatly improve the level of safety for persons in a
building in the event of a fire;

⎯ ISO/TS 14798 was used as the risk assessment methodology.

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EN 81-73:2005 (E)

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies the special provisions and safety rules to ensure the behaviour of lifts in the
event of fire in a building, on the basis of a signal(s) from the fire alarm detection system to the lift(s) control
system.

It applies to new passenger lifts and goods passenger lifts. However, it may be used as a basis to improve the
safety of existing passenger and goods passenger lifts.

This standard gives various options for control of the lift in the event of a fire in a building.

This standard does not apply to:

⎯ lifts which remain in use in the event of fire e.g. firefighters’ lifts as defined in EN 81-72:2003;

⎯ the use of lifts for the evacuation of a building and

⎯ a fire in the well.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.

EN 54-1:1996, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 1: Introduction.


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EN 54-2:1997, Fire detection and fire alarm systems — Part 2: Control and indicating equipment.

EN 81-1:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 1: Electric lifts.

EN 81-2:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 2: Hydraulic lifts.

EN 81-72:2003, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts – Particular applications for passenger and
goods passenger lifts – Part 72: Firefighters lifts.

EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical
principles (ISO 12100-2:2003).

ISO 3864-1:2002, Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs in
workplaces and public areas (Note: Corrected and reprinted in 2003-12).

ISO 8421-3:1989, Fire protection — Vocabulary — Part 3: Fire detection and alarm.

3 Terms and definitions


For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-2:2003, EN 81-
1:1998, EN 81-2:1998, EN 54-1:1996, EN 54-2:1997 and the following apply.

3.1
building owner
person legally responsible for the building

3.2
building evacuation strategy
arrangements that have been put in place for the evacuation of the building in the event of fire

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EN 81-73:2005 (E)

3.3
fire detection interface
interface specially dedicated to the communication of fire information by the use of an electrical signal(s). The
creation of the fire signal(s) can be done either:
⎯ manually or
⎯ semi-automatically or
⎯ automatically

3.4
lift control Interface
(1) the boundary to the lift control system
(2) interface specially dedicated to receive electrical signal(s) from the fire detection interface

3.5
protocol
set of rules governing the format of messages that are exchanged between devices e.g. when applied to serial
communication lines for data transmission

3.6
fire alarm systems for the behaviour of a lift in the event of fire

3.6.1
automatic fire detection and alarm system
fire alarm system (as defined in 3.6.3) comprising of components for automatically detecting a fire, initiating an
alarm of fire and initiating other action as appropriate

[ISO 8421-3:1989, definition 3.1.3]


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3.6.2
fire alarm control and indicating equipment
equipment through which fire detectors (as defined in 3.6.4) may be supplied with power and which:
⎯ is used to accept a dedicated signal and actuate a fire alarm signal;
⎯ is able to pass on the fire detection signal through fire alarm routing equipment to the fire-fighting organisation
or to automatic extinguishers;
⎯ is used to monitor automatically the correct functioning of the system

[ISO 8421-3:1989, definition 3.1.15]

3.6.3
fire alarm system
combination of components for giving an audible and/or visible and/or other perceptible alarm of fire. The system
may also initiate other actions such as initiating the lift control system

[ISO 8421-3:1989, definition 3.1.21]

NOTE For the purposes of this standard 'Fire alarm system' is a generic term which includes ‘automatic fire detection and
alarm system’ (as defined in 3.6.1) and ‘manual recall device’ (as defined in 3.11).

3.6.4
fire detector
part of an automatic fire detection system that contains at least one sensor which monitors a suitable physical or
chemical phenomenon, in order to signal to the fire alarm control and indicating equipment (as defined in 3.6.2)

[ISO 8421-3:1989, definition 3.2.2]

3.7
building management system
measure(s) applied to co-ordinate all systems in the building

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EN 81-73:2005 (E)

3.8
designated landing
floor determined by the building evacuation strategy that allows persons leaving the lift to safely exit the building or
area of the building during a fire

3.9
main designated landing
floor determined as the principal exit floor when the system has the provision for another designated landing(s)

3.10
alternative designated landing(s)
floor(s) determined by the building evacuation strategy where the lift shall return when a fire has been automatically
detected at the main designated landing

3.11
manual recall device
manually operated device e.g. break glass toggle switch, button or key switch, which, upon operation, activates an
electrical signal, causing the lift under control to operate in the desired manner

4 List of significant hazards


This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in
this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for lifts and which require action to eliminate or reduce
the risk. These significant hazards are based upon EN 1050 (also shown are the references to the safety
requirements and/or protective measures in this standard).

Table 1 — Significant hazards dealt with in this standard


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Significant hazards and hazardous situations for Requirements and clauses in this
EN 1050
lifts in the event of fire standard
1 Mechanical hazards 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.3.4, 5.3.5, 5.3.6, 5.3.7
1.5 Trapping hazard 5.1.3, 5.3
1.6 Impact hazard 5.3.1, 5.3.2
5.1, 5.2, 5.3.1 a), b), c), 5.3.2, 5.3.3,
3 Thermal hazard (Contamination by heat or smoke)
5.3.5, 5.3.7, 5.4
8.8 Inadequate design or location of displaying units 5.1.3, 5.3.8

5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures

5.1 General

Lifts shall be taken out of normal service in the event of fire, by making use of the following provisions (see also
Figure A.1).

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EN 81-73:2005 (E)

5.1.1 Input signals

The lift shall operate in accordance with 5.3 on receipt of an electrical signal(s). The electrical signal(s) shall be
provided either by an automatic fire detection and alarm system or manual recall device.

Where a manual recall device is provided, it shall be:

a) bi-stable in operation and

b) clearly marked such to avoid any error about its position and

c) appropriately marked for its purpose and

d) located in the management centre of the building or at the main designated floor and

e) when accessible to all, protected from misuse e.g. by placing it behind a glass panel or located within a secure
area.

NOTE The decision as to whether an automatic fire detection system or manual recall device is selected is the subject of
negotiation at the design/planning stage of the building.

5.1.2 Stopped position of the lift

5.1.2.1 Where a lift is stopped due to a fault condition, a signal from the fire detection system to the lift control
system shall not initiate starting of the lift.
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5.1.2.2 Inspection control and electrical emergency control shall not be influenced by the fire detection system.

5.1.3 Prohibition sign

A prohibition sign according to ISO 3864-1:2002 shall be displayed near the lift so that it is easily seen on all
landings . The size of this sign shall be at least 50 mm and the graphical symbol shall be as shown in Figure 1.

NOTE The following text may be added to the pictogram. "Do not use lift in the event of fire".

Figure 1 — Pictogram "Do not use lift in the event of fire!"

5.2 Interface requirements between the fire alarm system and the lift control system

5.2.1 General

Interruption of interface connection shall initiate the fire recall of the lift as described in 5.3.

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EN 81-73:2005 (E)

NOTE 1 The type of interface is at the choice of the lift installer in negotiation with the building owner (see
EN 81-1:1998, 0.2.5 and EN 81-2:1998, 0.2.5).

NOTE 2 The decision as to whether an automatic fire detection system or manual recall device is selected is the subject of
negotiation at the design/planning stage of the building.

Examples of interfaces which may be used are shown below.

5.2.2 Discrete interface

A discrete interface shall be realised by normally open-contacts (potential free) which open in the case of fire
detection.

Contacts providing signals to the lift control system shall be provided..

Where required, contacts providing output signals (e.g. lift status) shall be provided by the lift installer.

5.2.3 Serial interface

Serial interface shall be fail safe and realised by the transmission of information in the form of serial signals, in
accordance with a standardised software/hardware protocol (e.g. EIA-422-A or ITU-T V.11).

5.3 Behaviour of the lift on the receipt of a fire detection signal

The principle of the reaction of the lift in the event of fire is to return the car to a designated landing and allow any
passengers to exit.

5.3.1 When a signal indicating a fire is received from the automatic fire detection and alarm system (see 3.6.1) or
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from the manual recall device (see 3.11) the lift shall react as follows:

a) all landing controls and car controls including the “door re-open button” shall be rendered inoperative and

b) all existing registered calls shall be cancelled;

c) the lift shall follow the automatic command initiated by the received signal in the following way:

1) a lift with automatic power operated doors, when parked at a landing, shall close the doors and travel non-
stop to the designated landing;

2) a lift with manually operated or non-automatic power operated doors, if parked at a landing with open
doors, shall remain immobilised at that landing. If the doors are closed, the lift shall travel non-stop to the
designated landing;

3) a lift travelling away from the designated landing shall make a normal stop and reverse its direction at the
nearest possible landing without opening the doors and return to the designated landing;

4) a lift travelling towards the designated landing shall continue its travel non-stop to the designated landing;

5) a lift, in the event of becoming blocked due to the operation of a safety device, shall remain immobilised.

5.3.2 Door reversal devices, which may be affected by heat or smoke, shall be rendered inoperative to allow the
doors to close. The protection given by the last paragraph of EN 81-1:1998, 7.5.2.1.1.3 or EN 81-2:1998,
7.5.2.1.1.3 shall remain.

5.3.3 The automatic dispatch to the lowest landing as defined in EN 81-2:1998, 14.2.1.5 b) shall be rendered
inoperative.

5.3.4 The breakdown of a lift in a group of interconnected lifts shall not affect the return of other lifts to the
designated landing.

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EN 81-73:2005 (E)

5.3.5 On arriving at the designated landing lifts with power operated doors shall park there with the car and
landing doors open and removed from service.

Where national regulations do not permit the doors to remain open, a means shall be provided to open the doors
(even with the electrical power on) enabling the fire service to check whether the car is present and persons are not
trapped (see EN 81-1:1998, 0.2.5 and EN 81-2:1998, 0.2.5).

NOTE This means should take the form of the unlocking triangle as defined in EN 81-1:1998, annex B or EN 81-2:1998,
annex B. Where this is not possible then an alternative device e.g. the landing button may be used.

5.3.6 For lifts with manually operated doors, when the car(s) arrives at the designated landing, its door(s) shall
be unlocked and the lift removed from normal service.

5.3.7 The lift will automatically be reset to normal operation by:

a) an electrical signal from the automatic fire detection system when it is reset; or

b) the reset of the manual recall device designed in such a way that this reset can be done only by authorised
persons.

To enable the lift to be placed back into normal service even if the fire detection (alarm) system is still activated
(e.g. cannot be reset), a signal to the lift in the form of a potential free normally open contact shall be provided by
the building owner following negotiations with the installer.

a
5.3.8 To indicate that the lift shall not be used there shall be a "No entry" indicator (see Figure 2, sign C 1 as
described in the "Convention on Road Signs and Signals” (Vienna, 8.11.1968)) positioned at the designated
landing(s) which is activated under normal electrical supply when the lift is at the designated landing.
The minimum size shall be 25 mm in landing control stations and 50 mm as a separate indicator.
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Figure 2 — "No entry" indicator

10
EN 81-73:2005 (E)

5.4 Designated landing

5.4.1 The lift shall serve one or several designated landings when a fire detection system is fitted, as described
below:

On receipt of the electrical signal as defined in 5.1.1, the lift shall return to the main designated landing (usually the
ground floor) in accordance with 5.3.

5.4.2 For certain buildings, a more complex solution may be required according to national regulations, planners,
architects etc. in which case multiple designated landings may be considered as described below:

When a fire is detected by the automatic fire detection system at the level corresponding to the main designated
floor the lift shall receive an additional electrical signal(s) in order to send the car to the alternative designated
landing.

NOTE Once the lift has received a signal to go to a designated landing it will perform this operation ignoring any additional
signals from the fire detection system other than the reset signal defined in 5.3.7.

5.4.3 In all circumstances the lift shall react as described in 5.3.

6 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures


Safety requirements and/or protective measures of clauses 5 and 7 shall be verified according to the Table 2
below.
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11
EN 81-73:2005 (E)

Table 2 — Verification table

Compliance Design
Visual d
Sub-clause a with the lift document Functional test
Inspection b c
design check
5.1.1 X X
5.1.2 X
5.1.3 X
5.2 X
5.3 X X
5.3.1 X X X X
5.3.2 X
5.3.3 X
5.3.4 X
5.3.5 X
5.3.6 X
5.3.7 X X
5.3.8 X X
5.4.1 X
5.4.2 X
7 X
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a
The results of the "visual inspection" are only to show that something is present (a marking, a control panel, an
instruction handbook), that the marking required satisfies the requirement and that the content of the documents
delivered to the owner is in accordance with the requirements.
b
The results of the "compliance with the lift design" are to prove that the lift is built according to the design and
that the components/devices comply with the design documents.
c
The results of the "design document check" are to prove that the design requirements of the standard have
been matched “on paper” in the design documentation (layout, specification).
d
The results of the "functional test" are to show that the lift works as intended, including the safety devices.

NOTE Where the Installer uses a type-tested product the test and inspections will be as defined in the product
documentation.

7 Information for use


Instructions have to be passed to the building owner in the instruction handbook (owner documentation) of the lift
describing the behaviour of the lift in the event of fire and the need to maintain and to periodically test that the fire
alarm system is in working order.

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EN 81-73:2005 (E)

Annex A
(informative)

Lift scenarios and interfaces

A.1 Lift scenarios forming a basis for the application of EN 81-73


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Figure A.1

13
EN 81-73:2005 (E)

A.2 Provision of automatic fire detection and lift interfaces


Figure A.2 illustrates the interface between automatic fire detection system and lift control(s).

Key

A Boundary
B Building
C Lift
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1 Interface wiring not by lift installer (lift installer will provide terminals)
2 Output signal(s) from the fire detection system or manual recall
3 Lift Control Interface (via terminals)
4 Lift Control Systems
5 Lifts

Figure A.2 — Interfaces

14
EN 81-73:2005 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU


Directive 95/16/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New
Approach Directive for lifts 95/16/EC.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this
standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, except clause 5.1.1 which is part of building
requirements a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements 4.10 of the Directive and
associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
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15
EN 81-73:2005 (E)

Bibliography

[1] EN 1050:1997, Safety of machinery – Principles for risk assessment

[2] EIA-422-A, Electrical characteristics of balanced voltage digital interface circuits

[3] ITU-T V.11, Electrical characteristics for balanced double-current interchange circuits operating at data
signalling rates up to 10 Mbit/s

[4] ISO/TS 14798, Lifts (elevators), escalators and passenger conveyors — Risk analysis methodology

[5] Convention on Road Signs and Signals (Vienna, 8.11.1968).


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81-73:2005
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