Prokaryotic Chloroplast

Ancestors of Plants:
Cyanobacteria and
Chloroxybacteria
 K. Eubacteria
• General characteristics
– Prokaryotic
– Presence of cell wall (composition: peptidoglycan)
– Unicellular and microscopic
– No sexuality
• Mode of reproduction is through BINARY FISSION and
FRAGMENTATION
– Metabolically diverse
• Photoautotroph, chemoautotroph, photoheterotroph
and chemoheterotroph
2 types of photosynthesis

• Oxygenic photosynthesis
– Will produce oxygen

• Non-oxygenic photosynthesis
– Exhibited by sulfur bacteria
 division class order genera

Representative
Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae organismsChroococcus
Chroococcales

Gloeocapsa

Microcystis

Nostocales Oscillatoria

Spirulina

Anabaena

Nostoc

Scytonema

Hapalosiphon

Gloeotrichia

Chloroxybacteria Prochlorophyceae Prochlorales Prochloron

 Order Chroococcales
• Colony forming
• Choococcus (in pairs)
 Order Chroococcales
• Gloeocapsa (in tetrads)
 Order Chroococcales
• Microcystis (unlimited number of cells)
Order Nostocales
• Filamentous
– Homocystous filament
• Oscillatoria
• Spirulina

– Heterocystous filament
• Anabaena
• Nostoc
• Scytonema
• Hapalosiphon
• Gloeotrichia
 Order Nostocales
• Oscillatoria
 Order Nostocales
• Spirulina
 Order Nostocales
• Anabaena
 Order Nostocales
• Nostoc
 Order Nostocales
• Scytonema- false branching
 Order Nostocales
• Hapalosiphon- true branching
 Order Nostocales
• Gloeotrichia
 Division Chloroxybacteria
• Prochloron – most probable ancestor of plants
– with chlorophylls a and b.