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d4)
1.d4
Queen pawn openings are generally closed or semi-closed games (i.e., games characterized by fewer
open lines) that have more positional play where the players try to slowly “strangle” each other.
Currently, Black has increasingly moved away from symmetrical openings (1.d4 d5), tending to use the
Indian defenses (1.d4 Nf6).
Black has 2 general responses to 1.d4, and Black’s first move indicates his general plan of how he plans
on handling White’s basic goals.
* The shown percentages are from a database of approximately 1,200,000 master level games. The shown variations and continuations are the commonly
played moves from the database games. All variations are not shown.
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Queen’s Gambit
1.d4 d5 2.c4
The Queen's Gambit is one of the oldest known chess openings, and can be dated back to the 1490
Göttingen manuscript. However, during the early period of modern chess, the opening was considered
too cautious and unenterprising. In the late nineteenth century, chess theory advanced in understanding
positional play and the Queen's Gambit grew more popular.
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Queen’s Gambit Variations:
1.d4 d5 2.c41
1
Played 67% of the time. This move is also common in the main alternative: 2.Nf3 (28%) Nf6 (83%)
3.c4 (66%) which usually leads to Queen’s Gambit Declined.
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B2. Tarrasch Defense (9%)
Black’s move c5 strikes at the center. Black plays for active piece play at the cost of a pawn
weakness. Often, Black will be left with an isolated pawn that will need to be guarded by pieces.
The isolated pawn, however, does give Black some central control.
3. …c5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.g3 Nf6 7.Bg2 Be71 8.O-O O-O 9.Bg52 cxd4 10.Nxd4 h6
1
cxd4 8.Nxd4 Qb6 9.Nxc6 bxc6 10.O-O Be7
2
dxc5 Bxc5 10.Bg5 d4 11.Bxf6 Qxf6
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Slave and Semi-Slav Defense
The Slave Defense is one of the main defenses to the Queen’s gambit. Unlike, the other defenses to the
Queen’s gambit, it addresses the main drawbacks: the trapped c8 Bishop, an unbalanced pawn structure,
and a potentially pinned Knight on f6. The opening is named after the many Slavic masters who helped
develop the opening theory. The Semi-Slav Defense is a mixture of the Orthodox Queen’s Gambit
Declined and the Slav Defense.
Semi-Slav Defense:
A mixture of the Orthodox Queen’s Gambit
Declined and the Slav Defense.
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Slav Defense Variations:
1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6
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Semi-Slav Defense Variations:
1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6
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Queen’s Gambit:
1.d4 d5 2.c4
Opening Moves Variation Name
1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 Queen’s Gambit Accepted
1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 Queen’s Gambit Declined: Orthodox Defense
5.e3 O-O 6.Nf3 Nbd7
1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 Queen’s Gambit Declined: Tartakower Defense
5.e3 O-O 6.Nf3 h6 7.Bh4 b6
1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 Queen’s Gambit Declined: Lasker Defense
5.e3 O-O 6.Nf3 h6 7.Bh4 Ne4
1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 Queen’s Gambit Declined: Semi-Slav Defense
1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c5 Queen’s Gambit Declined: Tarrasch Defense
Slav Defense:
1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6
Opening Moves Variation Name
3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4 Slave Defense: Accepted
3.Nf3 Nf6 4.e3 Slave Defense: Declined
3.Nf3 Nf6 4.cxd5 Slave Defense: Exchange
Semi-Slav Defense:
1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6
Opening Moves Variation Name
5. e3 Semi-Slav: Meran
5. Bg5 Semi-Slav: Anti-Meran
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