Laser Security System

Laser Security System

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted By

ADITYA RAJPUT
ROLL NO___________
XII SCIENCE

Under the guidance of

Mr. Ghanshyam Chodvadiya
(PGT, PHYSICS)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the year

(2019-2020)

of
RMG MAHESHWARI ENGLISH SCHOOL
 RMG MAHESHWARI ENGLISH SCHOOL
Ladvi , SURAT

CERIFICATE

This is to certify that project report on “ Laser Security System” is being

submitted by
ADITYA RAJPUT of XII SCIENCE in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the session (2019-2020) at RMG Maheshwari English School and is record of
his work carried out under my guidance.

“I wish him good luck and all success in his future.”

Mr. Ghanshyam Chodyadiya Dr. Mallikarjun Karimungi

(PGT, PHYSICS ) (MSc, PhD, B.Ed.)
Guide Principal
RMG Maheshwari English School RMG Maheshwari English School

Submitted for Viva Voce held in __________________________________________________

.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It has been an enjoyable journey over our cherished years at the RMG Maheshwari English School.
This work would not have been completed without motivation and help from our RMG Maheshwari
English School.

I would like to express our sincere gratitude to Chairman Shri. Meghraj Gandhi, Principal
Dr.Mallikarjun Karimungi (MSc, PhD, B.Ed.) for the support and constant encouragement
throughout the project.

We are also thankful and grateful to Mr. Mahesh Mahajan and our Guide Mr. Ghyanshyam
Chodvadiya for reviewing my project and providing valuable feedbacks and suggestions amidst
their busy schedule.

I would like to have a special mention of our Class Teacher Mr. Bhavik Patel for the guidance.

I could not have finished this work without support of my family. They are dearest in heart and
great source of motivation.
My hearty appreciation and thanks to my friends whose support and encouragement made all this
possible.

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mr. Ghyansyam as well as our
principal who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Laser Security System
” doing a lot of research and I came to know

about so many new things. I am really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing
this project within the limited time.
 INDEX
1. Objective…………………………………….1
2. Theory………………………………………..1
3. Materials Required………………………...2
4. Procedure…………………………………...4
5. Precautions………………………………....5
6. Working……………………………………...5
a) Laser Security System Locks
b) Working Of Laser Security System
c) LASER System
d) Advantages of a Laser Security System
e) A low-cost laser security system
7. Application………………………………….12
8. Conclusion………………………………….13
9. References………………………………….14
Laser Security System

Objective
To make and study the functions of a Laser Security System.

Theory
This system for security uses the combination of LASER light and LDR. The LDR
module has an on board potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity of LDR, so that
it only senses laser light falling onto it. The concept is quite simple and similar
to what we see in movies where antique, priceless ornaments are protected
under laser lights. As someone crosses these lights, an alarm runs on to
indicate unauthorised presence. This project works similarly. In normal
conditions, where there is always laser light falling on the LDR, the LDR module
always gives a high signal to microcontroller. When someone crosses this laser
light, it will behave as an obstruction between the LDR module and laser light,
resulting in no light falling on LDR. In such cases LDR module gives a low signal
to the microcontroller, which indicates it to switch on an alarm
 Materials Required
• Electric buzzer
• LDR (Light Dependent Resistance)
• Breadboard
• 10k ohm Resistor
• 9V Battery
• Laser
• Connecting Wires
• Transistor

Circuit Diagram
 Procedure

1. Take the breadboard and mark its two extreme sides , any one as positive
and other as negative.
2. Use the circuit diagram and make the connections as follows.
3. Punch in the transistor on the breadboard.
4. Connect the emitter of the transistor with negative side of breadboard using
a wire.
5. Connect the LDR with base of transistor and negative side of breadboard.
6. Connect the buzzer with collector of transistor and positive side of
breadboard.
7. Now connect the 10k ohm resistor with base of transistor and positive side
of bread board.
8. Now connect the battery and at this time the buzzer would be ringing.
9. Now drop the laser light upon the receptive surface of the LDR and the
buzzer stops ringing.
 Precautions
Cheap laser pointers that we find in most stores are generally restricted to
5mW or less. These are generally considered safe. However, it is still possible
to damage your eyes if you are not careful. When working with lasers, it is a
good idea to wear the appropriate eye protection. Avoid looking directly at the
laser diode. Also never point lasers at aircraft.

Working
• This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended Resistor),variable resistor in
which the resistance varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
• LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential driver network which is the main
• The voltage drop across the LDR is used t drive the transistor switch. When
the voltage drop is above cut in voltage (0.6v),the transistor is turn ON.
• LDR has low resistance in the presence of light and high resistance in the
absence of light.
• In our security alarm, a laser light is allowed to fall on the LDR continuously
using 3 mirrors.
• Light from another source should not allowed to fall on the LDR, so place the
LDR in a box with a single hole to pass laser.
• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low. Since the LASER
light is continuously
• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low .Since the LASER
light is continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface.
• Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR(Ohm’s Law)] which is
insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the transistor remains off state.
• When a person makes a blocks to the continuously flow of LASER beam
• While resistance increases voltage drop also increases when this voltage
drop exceeds cut in voltage of silicon NPN transistor(2N7000) it will turn ON.
• Then current from vice starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor,
which makes the beep sound.
.
Laser Security System Locks Working Along
With Circuit Diagram
Laser door alarm is based on the interruption of Laser beam. The laser
pointer is used as the source of light beam. If somebody tries to break the
laser path, then an alarm will be generated in a few seconds. Normally
laser door alarm circuit will have two sections. First one, laser transmitter
is a laser pointer readily available. This is powered with 3 volt DC supply
and fixed on one side of the door frame. The receiver will have a Photo
transistor at the front end. We use L14F1 NPN Darlington photo transistor
as a laser sensor. Here IC1 is used as a voltage comparator with its
inverting input tied to a potential divider R2-R3. We use the inverting input
to keep at half supply voltage.

Working Of Laser Security System

Lock Along With Circuit Diagram
Non inverting input receives a variable voltage based on the conduction
of T1. At the opposite door frame receiver should be fixed and should be
properly aligned to the laser beam. The laser beam illuminates the face
of photo transistor and starts conducting the voltage. So, this keeps the
voltage at pin 3 lower than pin 2 of the IC.

Laser Security System Circuit Diagram

By this output of comparator remains low. Both LED and Buzzer remains
off in this state. While a person crossing the door laser beam breaks and
T1 cease to conduct. The voltage at collector T1 rises, the voltage at pin
3 of comparator increases and its output rises. Then LED is activated and
also buzzer. The base of T2 is kept high by the capacitor C1 for a few
seconds after the output of IC1 becomes low. The C2 gives current to the
buzzer for a few seconds after T2 turns off.
 Laser System
The word LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation. These are available in different types like semiconductor,
infrared, GaAs laser diode. This has an energy wavelength of
approximately 900 nanometers with a beam divergence of 3 million
radians i.e. equal to a beam width small beam width.

Laser technology products will calculate distance by measuring the time

of flight of very short pulses of infrared light. It is different from the
traditional surveying instrument method of measuring phase shifts by
comparing the incoming wavelength with the phase of the outgoing light
pulse.

Laser Security System For Home

Solid objects will reflect back a certain percentage of the emitted light
energy. It only needs to be a small percentage for our sensitive detector
to pick it. We can measure the time it takes for a laser pulse to travel to
the target and back with a reflection. By knowing the constant speed of
light we can calculate the distance traveled.
To get increased accuracy our laser process as many as sixty pulses in a
single measurement period. Target acquisition times range will be half
second. Sophisticated accuracy validation algorithms are in place to
ensure a reliable reading.

LTI lasers are completely eye safe and meets FDA Class 1. The radiated
light power of our lasers is on the order of 50 micro watts. i.e.
approximately one twentieth the light power of a typical TV remote control

The Laser security systems are high tech innovations that have gained
popularity in home and office security systems. These are used to be
expensive solutions for security needs. Depending on cost and fast
technological advancements laser security systems becoming more
adoptable. The features and specifications of the laser security system
can be had in detail from the security system dealers who provide high
end solutions based on requirement.

Advantages of a Laser Security System

These are easy to install and work at both within as well as outside houses. These are
very effective perimeter alarm systems around properties. In indoor systems can utilize
the normal power outlets and jacks making them inconspicuous. At outside these can
be easily be hidden behind the bushes or plants without causing any damage. They
Consume less power when compared to the laser system as the whole, which is
expensive.
These laser systems can be installed in homes either by self or by hiring a technical
person. By technological innovations cost of the security systems has been cut to a
large extent. So, making laser systems one among affordable security system options
can be very safe.

Theft Detection by Laser Sytem

It can be designed as a simple electronic project for demonstration in
science exhibitions. It can also be made as a mini or major project for
electrical or electronic students. When making this laser security system
one can know all about laser beams and their installation. While preparing
a laser security system, we need to concentrate on the microcontroller
program and installed with the laser beam device. When using traditional
photo resistors for preparing security systems one has to consider the
natural light phenomena. Laser are strong in beam width and can be
focused on the perfect target. By using laser security system one can be
safe in the case of harmful effects to the body. As the beam width used in
the laser security systems are not strong beam widths. Which are used in
the cutting devices.

A low-cost laser security system

The block diagram of the unit shown in Fig.1 depicts the overall
arrangement for providing security to a house. A laser torch powered by
3V power supply is used for generating a laser beam. A combination of
plain mirrors M1 through M6 is used to direct the laser beam around the
house to form a net. The laser beam is directed to finally fall on
an LDR that forms part of the receiver unit as shown in Fig.2. Any
interruption of the beam by a thief/trespasser will result into energisation
of the alarm. The 3V power-supply circuit is a conventional full-wave
rectifier filter circuit. Any alarm unit that operates on 230V AC can be
connected at the output.
 Application

A laser security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion – unauthorized

entry – into a building or area. They are also called security alarms, security
systems, alarm systems, intrusion detection systems, perimeter detection
systems, and similar terms.
Burglar alarms are used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military
properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well
as personal protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise protect vehicles
and their contents. Prisons also use security systems for control of inmates.
Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection;
combination systems provide both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion
alarm systems may also be combined with closed-circuit television surveillance
systems to automatically record the activities of intruders, and may interface
to access control systems for electrically locked doors. Systems range from
small, self-contained noisemakers, to complicated, multi-area systems with
computer monitoring and control.
 Conclusion
Laser security systems are a high tech technology that used to be a part of
home security only available to the wealthy. It is manually switch dependent
sensors and a basic alarm unit. Laser security system a person moves in front
of the sensor, that person triggers the system’s alarm by cutting the laser. And
the alarm signals the security monitoring company and local law enforcement.
The basic alarm unit will also sound a loud alarm. Both analysis and experiment
indicate that rather stringent requirements must be met in order to obtain
efficient optical heterodyne detection. At some wavelengths it may provide
the only means of overcoming noise and detect noise problems. The operation
of LDR depends upon the photoconductivity process.
 References
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.encyclopedia.com
• www.sciencejournals.com
• www.zetascience.com
• www.scribd.com
• www.makezine.com
• www.electroschematics.com
• www.easycircuits.com
• www.youtube.com www.howcast.com