NAME : CHANTELE K.

BAIPAI

STUDENT NUMBER : N0188453Y

FACULTY : INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY AND

MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

PROGRAMME : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE : SMA 2116

COURSE NAME : ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

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CONTENTS
1 TITLE .................................................................................................................................................. 3
2 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 3
3 PROBLEM STATEMENT .................................................................................................................. 4
4 AIM ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
5 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................................... 5
6 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. 5
7 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................ 6
8 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 6
9 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 6
10 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 7
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1 TITLE
Sustainability of life through improving water supplies in Zimbabwe during this period of
low rainfall.

2 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND
The climate in Southern Africa is generally subtropical, but characterized by latitudinal
rainfall distribution. Climate change has already affected health, livelihoods, food
productivity and water availability. The major effect is on Human life which is prompting the
council to take action.

Due to the poor rainfall patterns the amount of water in rivers and dams has reduced greatly,
it is now insufficient to supply every household regularly, hence the newly introduced water
rationing scheme. The insufficient water supplies are leading to poor hygienic conditions in
many parts of the country which lead to cholera outbreaks which have claimed the lives of
many.

An example is the Kariba dam which is the power house for hydroelectricity in Zimbabwe.
The dam has a carrying capacity of 189 billion tonnes of water but as of late the capacity has
reduced to 24% due to the impending drought. This is the case with most of the water bodies
in the country. Average daily requirements for a household in Zimbabwe range from 500 x
1020 Litres. This huge demand cannot be met because of the fluctuating weather patterns.

Boreholes are one solution to the water shortages. The boreholes should be installed in
communities and should service a certain number of people. The depth of a borehole should
be greater than`40 metres and at least 6 metres below the aquifer to provide installation of a
hand pump and to provide a sand trap of 3 metres.

Pumps are important in the setup of a drawdown in the water level in the borehole, this
creates a hydraulic gradient between water in the borehole and ground water in the aquifer.
This gradient allows water to flow into the borehole, from where it can then be pumped to the
surface.

A borehole is an excellent way to access pure and natural underground water. The water is
mainly accumulated from rain and the water is free of added chemicals, micro-organisms and
rich in minerals unlike tap water. Water from a borehole is available around the clock. In
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rural areas boreholes reduce distances walked for to find water, this saves time and dangers
associated with walking alone to find water.

Households and communities with boreholes are self-reliant, they determine and manage
their water usage and do not have to adhere to municipal water restrictions. Boreholes are
also beneficial to agricultural projects, farming and construction. Water is used for irrigation,
livestock, crops and construction purposes.

Figure 1: Diagrammatic representation of a borehole.

3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The City Council is to purchase tanks for water storage in the community.

i. Calculate the volume of the tank with the following specifications:

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f (x,y,z) = x10 +yz+z4; where 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦;3 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑧; 10 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 500.

ii. Compute how many families each tank would serve.

iii. In a community with 5000 houses how many tanks would the council install?

4 AIM
To determine the number of tanks the council needs to install in each community.

5 OBJECTIVES
The first objective is to size our tank by finding its volume.

The second step is to divide the volume by the average water requirement of each day which
is 500 x1020 L.

The final step is to compute the number of tanks required in the community.

6 METHODOLOGY
Integrate the function to obtain the volume using multiple integrals since the function is 3
dimensional using mathematica:
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Divide the obtained value by 500 × 1020 L to get the number of households each tank
services:

61035156250060004467860155648242135
÷ 500 × 1020
858

=1422730915 households

To find the number of houses served per tank in each community:

1433730915
5000

=189.7

Which is approximately 190 tanks.

7 RESULTS
From the above results we note that each borehole would service 1422730915 houses and we
would need about 190 boreholes.

8 RECOMMENDATIONS
Installation of boreholes is ideal but I recommend that the boreholes be increased in number
because 1422730915 houses is too much on one tank as it would be too congested. I propose
that we have about 250 households using each borehole.

9 CONCLUSION
The problem of water shortages is eradicated by installing boreholes because they access the
water which is underground. Borehole water is to an advantage because it does not need
chemicals because it is pure. It is also available at any time around the clock. However this
number of households obtained per borehole is too big and it would result in congestion.
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10 REFERENCES
A. Ganesh, G. B., 2009. Engineering Mathematics II. s.l.:s.n.

Dawkins, P., 2007. Calculus III. s.l.:s.n.