APPROVAL SHEET

This study entitled “The Effectiveness of Talisay Resin as

Alternative Commercial Glue” prepared and submitted by,
Bianca Venysse R. Chavez, Ana Margarita Beatrice Malanay,
Mickaella May Martinez and Nerizza Mae Juanerio in partial
fulfillment of the requirements in Research: Science,
Technology and Society has been examined and is recommended
for acceptance and approval for oral examination.

JB ADVINCULA
Adviser

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination on

with a grade of PASSED.

Chairperson, Oral Defense Committee

Member, Oral Defense Committee Member, Oral Defense

Committee

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Research:Science, Technoloy and Society

ERNESTO L. CARCASONA JR.

Senior High School Head Teacher

ERWIN B. QUENDANGAN, DBA

Senior High School Principa
The Effectiveness of Talisay Resin as Alternative
Commercial Glue

Research Paper
Submitted to the Faculty of the
College Department
AMA Computer College
Pasig City

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements in
Research: Science, Technology and Society

Bianca Venysse Revadelo Chavez

Ana Margarita Beatrice Malanay
Mickaella May Martinez
Nerizza Mae Juanerio

December 2019
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Writing this research had been a challenging and at the

same time fulfilling journey for the researchers. Its

completion would not have been possible without the

encouragement, guidance and support of the people who

guided the researchers from the beginning all the way to

the success of this thesis. Accordingly, the researchers

personally express their deepest gratitude to the following

individuals.

Mr. JB Advicula, research adviser, for his consistent

guidance and for the patience he extended in providing

answers to all the concerns and inquiries of the

researchers as he attended to their need as his advisees;

The researchers whole heartedly thank their classmates

for their classmates for the shared information during

casual talk and discussions.

Most of all, to our God father, for everything, for

gifting them with the mind, spirit and personal drive to

realize their goals especially to this particular endeavor,

their research writing.

 ABSTRACT

This study titled Commercial Glue from Talisay Resin

was designed to produce cheap glue for all purposes. To

obtain Talisay Commercial Glue. The researcher’s talisay

resin came from Camp Aguinaldo. To obtain it, the

researchers used a sharp bolo to cut the upper layer of the

Talisay bark to produce its resin. The resins were

collected using tin can attach to the trunk to collect its

resin. The product was tested to the different test

subjects and compared as the effect to the commercial

Elmer’s glue. Based on the observation of the researchers

of the different test done, it was observed that the

Talisay Commercial Glue is much stickier than the

commercial one and it adheres strongly from paper to

plastic. The researchers include that the Talisay

Commercial Glue physical characteristic and its bonding

effect is comparable to commercial one. The researchers do'

have respondents of the study.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I.PRELIMINARY PAGE ii

APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………………………………… v

LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………………………………… viii

II. BODY 1

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Background of the Study…………………………………………………………………… 1

Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………………………… 3

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………… 3

Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………… 4

Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………………………… 5

Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………………………… 7

Scope and Limitation of the Study….…………………………………… 9

12

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………………………………………………………

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Conceptual framework of the study………………………………… 11

2 Data gathering flow……………………………………………………………………… 22

 INTRODUCTION

In today's fast-life sometimes they forget things in

all of the glitz and glamour. They start to take things for

granted, things like your everyday school glue. Though it

is very tedious, making your own glue like the Native

Americans once did, it can be very rewarding and give you

that down-to-earth feeling.

Glue came into being when ancient tribes discovered

that the bones, hides, skin, sinew and other connective

tissues from animals could be processed to remove collagen,

the protein in these tissues. The collagen was sticky and

was useful for holding things together. Milk solids, known

as casein, and blood albumin can also be used as a basis

for glue. Dried serum from cows' blood yields albumin that

coagulates (clumps together) when it is heated and becomes

insoluble in water. Fish glue was also made from the heads,

bones, and skin of fish, but this glue tended to be too

thin and less sticky. By experimenting, early man

discovered that the air bladders of various fish produced a

much more satisfactory glue that was white and tasteless.

It eventually was named isinglass or ichthocol.

 Plants have also been used to produce glues

collectively called vegetable glues. These materials are

dispersible or soluble in water and are usually made from

the starches that compose many grains and vegetables. The

natural gums include agar, from colloids in marine plants,

algin that is derived from seaweed, and gum arabic, an

extract of the acacia tree (also known as the gum tree).

The substance called marine glue is used to caulk seams,

but it consists of tar or pitch and is not truly a glue.

The researchers are planning to create a glue from

Talisay Resin. A Talisay tree (scientific name: Terminalia

Catappa) is a large tropical tree in the leadwood tree

family. The Talisay Tree is an amazingly useful tree to any

bushcrafter or survivalist.

First of all, the entire tree is edible the bark, the

needles, the talisay cones, etc… The roots can be used as

cordage. You can make talisay needle tea which is rich in

vitamins. You can also use the limbs as building materials

and the talisay boughs as bedding. The subject of this IP,

however, is how to use talisay resin to make an all-natural

and very durable glue.

 Talisay resin can be found on almost every talisay

tree. You can typically find it where the talisay tree has

been wounded by either insects or a broken limb. The sap

will seep from the wound. You can sometimes find it dried

in clumps and nodules all around the tree. Commercial glue

such as Elmer’s glue is common nowadays specially in school

works or activities but the researchers want to compare the

commercial glue to the researcher’s commercial glue which

is the talisay glue.

Background of the study

The price of the glue’s this past few years have

significantly increased. Glue from Talisay Resin that the

researcher’s was going to make is designed to produce cheap

glue for all purposes. People can use it in schools, office

and other necessary things. People want to make sure that

the glue that they are using has high quality and at the

same time economical and low cost.

That’s why the researcher’s desire to produce glue

from the talisay resin.

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following

questions:
General Problem:

- Durability

- Effectiveness

- Safeness

Specific Problems:

1. What are the substances point in talisay resin which

make it feasible as glue?

2. What are the similarities between talisay resin glue and

commercial glue?

3. Is the talisay resin glue more durable than commercial

glue?

4. How long can the product be stored?

5. Can this research work possibly be pursued in the

future?

Objectives of the Study

The study generally aimed to find how effective the

talisay resin as an alternative for commercial glue

Specifically, the researchers aimed to:

1. To determine the effectiveness the glue using

talisay resin
 2. To determine the effectiveness the glue in different
papers
3. To determine how long the glue would stick to
different papers

Significance of the Study

This section enumerates the relevance of this study is

that we don’t need to use glue that are so sticky that so

hard to remove once touched our skin this is a global

impact in the field of science the possible beneficiaries

of this research are the following.

Students. The students will benefit from this research

because it would enable them to gain knowledge from the

information extracted from this research. Obviously, the

students are the one who uses glue often because of their

projects, seatworks, homeworks, and more.

Teachers. One of the beneficiaries of this research are the

teachers and schools staff. Because they also use glue for

their school matters for the science teacher out there they

can pass the information of the talisay resin glue to other

students.

Farmers. The other beneficiaries of this research are the

farmers they also use glue for farming purposes but they
are far away to be able to buy one. Instead they can grow

talisay tree of their own and can be able to have

a glue.

Future Researchers. The last one are the future researchers

because they can be able to have a prior knowledge about

the glue we use today and the natural glue or the subject

of this research. They can be determined whether which one

is safer, more effective and durable to use.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study was conducted to reuse the talisay resin as

glue because many people spent a lot of money buying glue.

The aspects looked into were the alternative glue, it’s

durability, and the performance of the product and proposed

solution of our product

Theoretical Framework

General info

- Combretaceae comprises about 20 genera and 600 species

of trees, shrubs, and lianas. Terminalia is a genus of

large trees in the Combretaceae family, comprising

about 200 species.

- - Etymology: Genus Terminalia derives from the

Latin word terminus, referring to the leaves appearing

at the very tips of the shoots.

- Botany

- Talisay is a large, deciduous tree, reaching a

height of 20 to 25 meters, smooth or nearly so.

Branches are horizontally whorled. Leaves are shiny,

obovate, 10 to 25 centimeters long, tapering below to

a narrow and heart-shaped base with a expanded rounded

apex. Leaf stalks are short and stout. Flowers are

white, small, and borne on spikes in the axils of the

leaves, 6 to 18 centimeters long. Fruit is smooth and

ellipsoid, 3 to 6 centimeters long, and prominently

bi-ridged or keeled down to the sides. Pericarp is

fibrous and fleshy, the endocarp hard.

- Distribution

- - Found throughout the Philippines along seashores.

- - A common inland tree preferred for its umbrella-type

shade.

- - Occurs in the Old World Tropics.

- - Introduced to the New World.

-
- Constituents

- - Seed contains 51.2 percent fixed oil, Catappa oil,

with 54% olein, palmitin, and 46 % stearin.

- - Phytochemical analysis yielded saponin, saponin

glycosides, steroid, cardiac glycoside, tannins,

volatile oils, phenols and balsam (gum).

- - Phytochemical screening of aqueous and organic

solvent leaf extracts yielded tannins, saponins,

flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroids,

saponin glycosides and cardiac glycosides. (see study

below)

- - Physiochemical analysis of sun dried mesocarp of

fruits revealed about 12.65% ash, 84.93% carbohydrate,

0.37% oil, 316 mg/g glucose, 0.1% protein, 1.30 mg/g

tannin, 1.95% moisture, with 3434.5 kcal/kg calorific

value.

- - Seeds yield 4.13% moisture, 23.78% crude protein,

4.27% ash, 4.94% crude fiber, 51.80% fat, 16.02%

carbohydrate and 548.78 Kcal calorific value. (See

study below) (16)

- - Classified in the oleic-linoleic acid group, oil

contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids,

especially oleic (up to 31.48%) and linoleic (up to

28.93%).
- - Study of essential oil from leaves by GC-MS analysis

yielded 66 compounds. Main constituents were (Z)-

phytol (41.2%), palmitic acid (11.0%), and (E)-

nerolidol (4.7%), heptadecane (3.0%), hexadecane

(2.3%). Alkaline hydrocarbons (25.5%) made up a

significant portion of the leaf composition. (29)

- - Phytochemical screening of bark and leaves extracts

yielded flavonoids, alkaloid, steroid, terpenoids,

gallic tannins, and saponins, with the exception of

aqueous extract for coumarins. (see study below) (35)

- - Physiochemical analysis of concocted kernels

yielded: ash (4.0 ±0.1%), proteins (40.9 ±1.3%),

lipids (50.6 ±1.0%), total sugars (1.4 ±0.1%),

reducing sugars (0.3 ±0.01%) and moisture content (3.8

±0.4%). (see study below) (36)

- - Hydroalcoholic extracts and fractions of leaves

yielded phenols, tannins, flavones, xanthones and

flavanols, flavonoids, and triterpene steroids. (see

study below) (38)

- - Methanolic extract of bark yielded steroids,

triterpenes, triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids,

carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and

polyphenols. (see study below) (47)

- - Proximate composition and mineral contents of raw T.

catappa seeds yielded moisture 4.3 g/100 g, protein

23.3 g/10 g, oil 60.0 g/100 g, ash 4.2 g/100g, total

carbohydrates 12.5 g/100g, crude fiber 8.5 g/100 g.

Minerals analysis (mg/100g) yielded calcium 325.2,

iron 5.4, phosphorus 889.9, potassium 731.1, magnesium

364.7, copper 2.5, and zinc 6.1. (source lists

comparable values to almonds, peanuts, and cashews)

(see study below) (48)

- Properties

- - Leaves are sudorific, anthelmintic.

- - Bark and roots are astringent.

- - Oil extracts exhibit good physiochemical properties

and can be useful as edible oil and potential for

industrial applications.

- - Studies have shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,

hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antimetastatic,

analgesic, antidiabetic, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic,

antitumor properties.

- Conceptual Framework
 INPUT: PROCESS: OUTPUT:

- Talisay Resin - Heating - Glue

- Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the study

- The diagram shows the process on testing the

effectiveness of talisay resin as an alternative

colorant for homemade glue. It shows how we the

talisay resin transform as a glue

-
 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

- The Related Literature are statements taken from

science books, journals, magazines, newspapers and any

documents from authorized scientists, Science experts

or well-known Science agencies. These statements can

support your study through their concepts, theories,

principles and laws. Footnoting is important on this

part.

- Talisay Resin

- Terminalia catappa is a large tropical tree in

the leadwood tree family, Combretaceae, that grows

mainly in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and

Australia. It is known by the English common

names country-almond, Indian-almond, Malabar-

almond, sea-almond, tropical-almond and false kamani.

- The tree grows to 35 m (115 ft) tall, with an

upright, symmetrical crown and horizontal

branches. Terminalia catappa has corky, light fruit

that are dispersed by water. The seed within the fruit

is edible when fully ripe, tasting almost like almond.

As the tree gets older, its crown becomes more

flattened to form a spreading, vase shape. Its

 branches are distinctively arranged in tiers.

The leaves are large, 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in) long and

10–14 cm (3.9–5.5 in) broad, ovoid, glossy dark green,

and leathery. They are dry-season deciduous; before

falling, they turn pinkish-reddish or yellow-brown,

dueto pigments suchas violaxanthin, lutein,

and zeaxanthin.

- Resin - In polymer chemistry and materials

science, resin is a "solid or highly viscous

substance" of plant or synthetic origin that is

typically convertible into polymers. They are often

mixtures of organic compounds, principally terpenes.

Many plants, particularly woody plants, produce resin

in response to injury. The resin acts as a bandage

protecting the plant from invading insects and

pathogens.

- The resin produced by most plants is composed

mainly of terpenes and derivatives. The most common

terpenes in resin are the bicyclic terpenes alpha-

pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3 carene, and sabinene, the

monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene, and

smaller amounts of
 thetricyclic sesquiterpenes, longifolene, caryophyllen

e and delta-cadinene. Some resins also contain a high

proportion of resin acids. The individual components

of resin can be separated by fractional distillation.

Rosins on the other hand are less volatile and

consist, inter alia, of diterpenes.

- Health Benefits of Talisay: Cutting down talisay

tree was not a good idea because it has many medicinal

uses.

1) The leaves applied to the head and sides are

refreshing and sudorific – a medicine that causes or

increases sweating.

2) The red leaves and fruits are used to expel worms.

3) The leaves are mixed with oil and rubbed on the

breast to cure pain.

4) The bark is used against gastric fevers and bilious

diarrhea.

5) The bark is also antidysenteric. Dysentery is

infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea.

6) The sap of the tender leaves, mixed and cooked with

the oil of the kernel. The solution is used to cure

leprosy.

7) The decoction of bark is used as remedy for

gonorrhoea and leucorrhoea. Gonorrhoea is a common

 venereal disease caused by the bacterium

Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination

and pain around the urethra. Leucorrhoea discharge of

white mucous material from the vagina; often an

indication of infection.

8) The bark is recommended as a cure for bilious fever.

9) The juice of the young leaves is employed in the

preparation of an ointment for scables, leprosy, and

other cutaneous diseases, also useful for headache and

colic.

10) The leaves are macerated with palm oil and applied

as a remedy for tonsillitis

RESEARCH DESIGN

Experimental Research is any research conducted with a

scientific approach, where a set of variables are kept

constant while the other set of variables are being

measured as the subject of experiment. There are times when

you don’t have enough data to support your decisions. In

such situations, you need to carry out experiments to

discover the facts. Experimental research can gather a lot

of data that can help you make better decisions.

 Experimental research is one of the founding

quantitative research methods. The simplest example of

an experimental research is conducting a laboratory

test. As long as research is being conducted under

scientifically acceptable conditions – it qualifies as

an experimental research. A true experimental research

is considered to be successful only when the researcher

confirms that a change in the dependent variable is

solely due to the manipulation of the independent

variable.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

Materials:

Alcohol lamp

Beaker

Thermometer

Denatured Alcohol

1/4 bottle of Talisay Resin

Retort Stand

Timer
Matches

Test tube

Test tube holder

Personal Equipment:

Lab Coat

Safety Goggles

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

1. First you have to ready the materials and wear your lab

coat.

2. Pour the beaker with Talisay resin at exactly 25ml

3. Then pour the alcohol lamp with denatured alcohol and

slowly light it up.

4. After that get the retort stand and put the beaker at

the top of it and place it at the top center of alcohol

lamp.
5. Wait for at least 5 minutes the Talisay resin’s

temperature should be higher than 90℃ so that your Talisay

resin will be durable enough.

6. the Talisay resin glue is ready to use.

DATA PRESENTATION, DATA INTERPRETATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

The data gathered should be presented in order to be

analyzed. It may be presented in two forms namely: through

table or graph. You may use both of them if you want to

clearly figure out your data. A table has labels with

quantity, description and units of measurement. Graph has

several types namely the line graph, bar graph, pie graph
and pictograph. Choose what type of graph that you prefer

to use. Analyze the data that had been gathered, presented

in table or graph scientifically. You interpret the data

according to what had been quantified and measured. The

numerical data should be interpreted clearly in simple and

descriptive statements.

The researchers test item is paper. The researchers will do

the experiment to test the Researchers hypothesis and to

answer the Researchers statement of the problem.

Table 1.0

Test Item: Temperature: Volume:

Paper 90℃ 25ml
The Talisay resin glue is in room temperature, it is a
sticky liquid and it has a rugby type smell which the
researchers hypothesize an unpleasant one.
RESULTS

Results show the findings or outcomes of your

investigation. The result must be based according to the

interpreted data.

1. What is the substance point in Talisay resin which make

it feasible as glue?

- The Talisay resin has a natural gum which make it a

sticky liquid the gum is dispersible or soluble in water

which makes it easy to remove once get contact to the skin.

This natural gum consists of tar or pitch and is not

truly a glue. But when heated it becomes very pitch which

makes the Talisay resin usable as glue.

2. What are the similarities between Talisay resin glue and

commercial glue?

- The similarities of the Talisay resin glue and

commercial glue are they are both safe to use, they can
both use for every household or school work things and they

are both easy to use.

3. Is the Talisay resin glue more durable than commercial

glue?

- Yes. Because the Talisay resin's glue is stickier than

Elmer’s glue and also it dries quickly than the commercial

one.

4. Is the Talisay resin glue safer than commercial glue?

- In terms on how they make or the ingredients use to

create each other, the Talisay resin glue is safer because

the commercial one have chemical-based materials called

epoxies, caulks, or sealants these are chemical compounds

used to give the commercial one a good quality glue but

they are both safe to use since the commercial one can be

easily remove.

5. How long can the product be stored?

- The product cannot store much longer it only takes

less than 10 minutes because it becomes a solid type resin.

6. Can this research work possibly be pursued in the

future?
 - No. Base on the condition of Earth today it is likely

impossible for the trees to survive maybe 50 or 100 years

from now all of the trees are extinct due to pollution,

global warming, and over use of human technology. This

research not only aims to make a natural glue but also the

researchers want to show that we can use things like the

way we use them during old times.

Table 2.0

Trial 1

Test Temperature Time (Minutes Observation Result

item and Seconds)
The Talisay
resin is still
Paper 30℃ 1:04 just sticky
liquid because
the temperature
is not high.
Some of the
Paper 35℃ 1:57 liquid are
melting.
It is at the Failed
Paper 40℃ 3:50 same state.

Table 2.1

Trial 2
Test Temperature Time Observation Result
item (Minutes and
Seconds)
The Talisay
40℃ 0:27 resin is
still at
the same
state
The resin
50℃ 1:46 is slowly
becoming
viscous
The Talisay
50℃ 2:10 resin
become
viscous
Paper The
researchers
put the
experiment
60℃ 4:27 on hold due
to the fire
in the
alcohol
lamp burned
out
55℃ 4:29 Proceeds
The Talisay
resin is
starting to
75℃ 5:02 boil up and
makes
becomes
very
viscous

85℃ 5:27 Still at

the same
state
 The
90℃ 5:47 researchers Success
stopped the
experiment.

Aftermath of the experiment:

The researchers also try it to the cardboard and paper to

try and compared it to the commercial one. The table below
shows the researchers comparison:

Table 2.2
Test Items: Effectiveness: Durability: Safeness:
Elmer’s Paper Success Very Strong Safe
Glue
 Talisay
Resin’s Paper Success Very Strong Safe
Glue
Test Effectiveness: Durability: Safeness:
Subject:
Elmer’s Cardboard Success Strong Safe
Glue enough
Talisay
Resin’s Cardboard Success Strong Safe
Glue
Test Effectiveness: Durability: Safeness:
Subject:
Elmer’s Plastic Success Weak Safe
Glue
Talisay Strong
Resin’s Plastic Success Enough Safe
Glue

The researchers concluded that they are both safe to use

but the only difference is that the researchers glue is
pure natural and doesn’t have any chemicals like the
commercial one and also that the durability of Talisay glue
is strong.

SUMMARY OF RESULTS
The Summary briefly summarizes your research from Chapter I

to Chapter IV which includes the research problems,

methodology and findings. It consists of one or two

paragraphs only.

The Researchers are planning to create a glue out of

Talisay Resin. The subject of this investigatory project,

however, is how to use Talisay resin to make an all-

natural and very durable glue. We have two statement of the

problem one is the general and the other is specific

problem the general problem is the durability, safeness,

and effectiveness and the specific problem are indicated

earlier. The researchers hypothesized that Talisay resin

glue can be used for all kinds of applications – at home or

in the wild. We have test subjects for the experiment.

First is paper, second is cardboard, and lastly the

plastic.

The Researchers did their first experiment in science

laboratory using the materials of denatured alcohol,

beaker, test tube, thermometer, retort stand, matches, and

alcohol lamp to make the experiment. The researchers did an

experiment to test the Researchers hypothesis and to answer

the Researchers statement of the problem. The researchers

successfully created a commercial glue from Talisay resin

and it is effective to the researchers test items, very

durable, and safe to use.

CONCLUSION
The Conclusion is the direct statement based on findings or

results. It should answer your hypothesis and research

problems.

From this research done, the researchers found out that

time must be a primary consideration in finding the Talisay

resin.

The Researchers concluded that the Talisay resin glue is

durable, effective to the researchers test subjects and

safe to use. It is sticky to the people’s skin but it can

easily remove using water and also it is easy to identify

if the glue has been removed because of the color but the

product cannot store long. The researchers cannot find a

chemical or an ingredient to stored it longer.

The Researchers hypothesis also answered because it is very

effective to the researchers test items and it is more

durable than commercial glue. The Talisay resin glue is

pure natural and the researchers did not put any chemicals

to the resin during the experiment

RECCOMMENDATIONS
The Recommendation is given based on your conclusion. You

may give few recommendations which you think can help the

fellow Science students, researchers, consumers or the

entire community where people live in.

The Researchers of the investigatory project entitled “The

Effectiveness of Talisay Resin as Alternative for

Commercial Glue” recommend to future researchers that

before starting the project, try to canvas or look for

sources of the resin itself because Talisay resin is not

readily available in the markets.

The researchers recommend that future researchers should

determine simple details as the boiling point of the resin

and use exact measurements for a better detailed product.

The researchers recommend the use of the glue for it is

cheaper and the future users will be able to control the

amount to be created.

Find other ingredients or chemicals to make the Talisay

resin glue stored long.

Use other resins as example. Unfortunately, the Researchers

weren’t able to test for other products of resin but the

researchers would like to see the same process with

different results.