Design for Columns

Design Process:
1. Compute all the loads that is passed to the columns (from beams and trusses,
considering both first and second floor).
2. Design the eccentricities of the loads.
3. Using the assumed dimensions of the columns, compute the actual compressive
stress and the actual bending stresses.
4. Use the interaction formula to determine if the dimensions used are adequate for
the structure.

LOADS

FROM TRUSS:

21.30 kN 18.03 kN
FROM ROOF BEAM:
DESIGN FOR ROOF BEAM
CONSIDERING F4-B2:

23.32 kN

7.69kN 3.23 1.6

15.63 kN

7.69kN

15.63 kN
25.262 kN-m

Bending:
Mu= 25.262 kN-m
6𝑀
fb= 𝑏𝑑2
6(25.262)
16.5= (0.5𝑑)𝑑2

d=263.87 mm
Try 275x150 mm
Shear:
3𝑉
fv= 2𝐴
3(15.36)
fv= 2(275𝑋150)

fv=0.559<2.71 OK!
Deflection:
𝑃𝑏
𝛿 = 48𝐸𝐼(3L2-4b2)
23.32(1615)12
𝛿 = 48(4660)(275𝑥150)(3(4900)2-4(1615)2)

𝐿
𝛿 = 9.896<360=13.61mm OK!

Use 150 X 275 mm Roof Beams

 LOADS FROM ROOF BEAM:
Ceiling Live Load = 0.39 kN/m
Truss weight = 0.123 kN/m
Ceiling and Electromechanical = 0.937 kN/m
Self-weight beam = 0.31 kN/m
TOTAL = 1.76 kN/m

FB-B1: FA-B2:
1.76 kN/m 0.88 kN/m
B1 B2 A2 A3
3.0m 1.5m
2.64kN 2.64 kN 0.66 kN 0.66 kN

FB-B2: FA-B1:

1.76 kN/m 0.88 kN/m

B2 B3 A1 A2
1.5m 3.0m
1.32 kN 1.32kN 1.32 kN
1.32 kN

F4-B1:
1.76 kN/m
B2 A2
4.312kN 4.9 m 4.312 kN
 LOADS FROM GIRDERS:

WBEAM HINGE ROLLER

Wnew LENGTH (𝑊𝑁𝐸𝑊 + 𝑊𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑀)𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ (𝑊𝑁𝐸𝑊 + 𝑊𝐵𝐸𝐴𝑀)𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
(450x100mm)
2 2

F4-B1 7.915222 4.9 0.335502 20.21427 20.21427

F3-B1 14.78536 4.9 0.335502 37.0461 37.0461
F2-B1 12.3954 4.9 0.335502 31.19071 31.19071
F1-B1 5.972921 4.9 0.335502 15.45564 15.45564
F4-B2 7.591732 4.9 0.335502 19.42172 19.42172
F3-B2 14.15889 4.9 0.335502 35.51126 35.51126
F2-B2 12.30266 4.9 0.335502 30.96349 30.96349
F1-B2 5.745565 4.9 0.335502 14.89861 14.89861
FC-B2 0.551829 1.3 0.335502 0.576765 0.576765
FA-B1 0.440645 3 0.335502 1.164221 1.164221
FA-B2 0.209615 1.8 0.335502 0.490606 0.490606
FA-B3 0.28224 3 0.335502 0.926613 0.926613
FB-B1 0.109872 3 0.335502 0.668061 0.668061
FB-B2 0 1.8 0.335502 0.301952 0.301952
FB-B3 0.027468 3 0.335502 0.544455 0.544455
FC-B1 0.357562 3 0.335502 1.039596 1.039596
FC-B3 0.28224 3 0.335502 0.926613 0.926613
*Wnew is obtained from designing beam cross-section.
 Column

LOADS PASSED TO COLUMN:

REACTIONS OF BEAMS (kN) Upper

TRUSS
COLUMN Column Sum (kN)
P1 P2 P3 P4 (kN)
(kN)
A1 20.21427 1.164221 0 0 23.32 44.69849
A2 37.0461 0.490606 1.164221 0 0 38.70093
A3 31.19071 0.926613 0.490606 0 0 32.60793
A4 15.45564 0 0.926613 0 18.03 34.41225
B1 19.42172 0.668061 0 20.21427 0 40.30405
B2 35.51126 0.301952 0.668061 37.0461 0 73.52737
1st - 2nd B3 30.96349 0.544455 0.301952 31.19071 0 63.00061
F B4 14.89861 0 0.544455 15.45564 0 30.89871
C1 0 1.039596 0 19.42172 23.32 43.78132
C2 0 0.576765 1.039596 35.51126 0 37.12762
C3 0 0.926613 0.576765 30.96349 0 32.46687
C4 0 0 0.926613 14.89861 18.03 33.85522

A1 7.69 1.32 0 0 23.32 32.33

A2 4.312 0.66 1.32 0 0 6.292
A3 4.312 1.32 0.66 0 0 6.292
A4 7.69 0 1.32 0 18.03 27.04
B1 15.63 2.64 0 7.69 0 25.96
B2 4.312 1.32 2.64 4.312 0 12.584
B3 4.312 2.64 1.32 4.312 0 12.584
2nd F - RF
B4 15.63 0 2.64 15.63 0 33.9
C1 0 1.32 0 7.69 23.32 32.33
C2 0 0.66 1.32 7.69 0 9.67
C3 0 1.32 0.66 7.69 0 9.67
C4 0 0 1.32 7.69 18.03 27.04

*The table shows the reactions from beams (P) and from the truss.
The 1st floor columns carry the loads from the 2nd floors beams while the 2nd
floor columns carry the loads from the roof beams and trusses. The number of
P loads indicate the number of beams carried by the column. The loads are
obtained from the reaction of beams.
 LOAD ECCENTRICITY

To solve for the eccentricities of the forces, the contact areas of the beams are
first computed. To solve for the centroid of the areas, we use the Varignon’s theorem. We
will then know the distance of the centroid of the areas to the centroid of the column.
Reaction from the trusses are assumed to be concentric.

Design Parameters
Columns
E
Axial (P)N ex (mm) ey (mm) Fb (MPa) Fc (MPa) (MPa)
A1 77028.49 100 100 16.5 10.5 4660
A2 44992.93 0 100 16.5 10.5 4660
A3 38899.93 0 100 16.5 10.5 4660
A4 61452.25 100 100 16.5 10.5 4660
B1 66264.05 0 100 16.5 10.5 4660
B2 86111.37 0 0 16.5 10.5 4660
1st - 2nd F
B3 75584.61 0 0 16.5 10.5 4660
B4 64798.71 0 100 16.5 10.5 4660
C1 76111.32 100 100 16.5 10.5 4660
C2 46797.62 0 0 16.5 10.5 4660
C3 42136.87 0 0 16.5 10.5 4660
C4 60895.22 100 100 16.5 10.5 4660
A1 32330 100 100 16.5 10.5 4660
A2 6292 0 100 16.5 10.5 4660
A3 6292 0 100 16.5 10.5 4660
A4 27040 100 100 16.5 10.5 4660
B1 25960 0 100 16.5 10.5 4660
B2 12584 0 0 16.5 10.5 4660
2nd F - RF
B3 12584 0 0 16.5 10.5 4660
B4 33900 0 100 16.5 10.5 4660
C1 32330 100 100 16.5 10.5 4660
C2 9670 0 0 16.5 10.5 4660
C3 9670 0 0 16.5 10.5 4660
C4 27040 100 100 16.5 10.5 4660
*The table shows the reactions from beams (P) and from the truss. The 1st floor
columns carry the loads from the 2nd floors beams while the 2nd floor columns carry the
loads from the roof beams and trusses. The number of P loads indicate the number of beams
carried by the column. The loads are obtained from the reaction of beams.
 Columns Column Properties

h (m) b (mm) d (mm) Ix (mm4) Iy (mm4) k le (mm)

A1 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
A2 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
A3 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
A4 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
B1 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
B2 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
1st - 2nd F B3 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
B4 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
C1 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
C2 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
C3 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
C4 1.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 1.2
A1 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
A2 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
A3 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
A4 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
B1 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
B2 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
2nd F - RF
B3 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
B4 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
C1 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
C2 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
C3 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
C4 3.2 150 200 100000000 56250000 1 3.2
* Columns used in this design is simply supported. Thus, k is 1.0.
 Columns Length Type

le/d le/b K J Type

A1 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
A2 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
A3 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
A4 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
B1 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
B2 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
1st - 2nd F B3 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
B4 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
C1 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
C2 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
C3 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
C4 6 8 14.60726 -1.38609 SHORT
A1 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
A2 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
A3 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
A4 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
B1 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
B2 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
2nd F - RF
B3 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
B4 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
C1 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
C2 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
C3 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE
C4 16 21.33333 21.12961 0.493602 INTERMEDIATE

Length type parameters:

le<11 - Short Column
11<le<K - Intermediate Column
le>K - Long Column

where:

𝐸
K=√0.671 𝐹𝑐

𝑙𝑒
−11
𝑑
J=
𝐾−11
 Adjustments for Compressive Stress
Columns Fc* KCE c' FCE Fce/F* or α Fc' (MPa)
A1 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
A2 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
A3 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
A4 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
B1 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
B2 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
1st - B3 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
2nd B4 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
F C1 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
C2 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
C3 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
C4 10.5 0.3 0.8 38.83333 3.698413 9.833168
A1 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
A2 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
A3 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
A4 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
B1 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
B2 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
2nd
F- B3 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
RF B4 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
C1 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
C2 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
C3 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946
C4 10.5 0.3 0.8 5.460938 0.520089 4.69946

Fc* = tabulated compression design value multiplied by all applicable

adjustment factors

Kce = 0.3 for visually graded lumber

c’ = 0.8 for sawn lumber

𝐾𝑐𝑒𝐸′
Fce = 𝑙𝑒 2
=α
( )
𝑑

1+ 𝛼 1+ 𝛼 2 𝛼
Fc’ = Fc*( − √( ) − )
2𝑐′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐′
 Adjustments for Bending Stress
Columns Cs Ck CF(x) F'bx (Mpa) CF(y) F'by (MPa)
A1 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
A2 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
A3 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
A4 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
B1 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
B2 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
1st- 2nd F B3 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
B4 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
C1 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
C2 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
C3 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
C4 3.265986 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
A1 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
A2 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
A3 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
A4 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
B1 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
B2 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
2nd F - RF
B3 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
B4 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
C1 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
C2 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
C3 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986
C4 5.333333 None 1.046082 17.260352 1.08006 17.820986

𝑙 𝑑
Cs = √ 𝑏𝑒2 , slenderness factor

Ck = none if Cs < 10

300 1
Cfx = ( )9 , size factor adjustment
𝑑

F’bx = Fb Cfx

300 1
Cfy = ( )9
𝑏

F’by = Fb Cfy
 Interaction Formula

fc fbx fby Fc' Fb'x Fb'y Result Remarks

A1 2.567616 7.702849 10.27047 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.820471 OK!
A2 1.499764 4.499293 0 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.293944 OK!
A3 1.296664 3.889993 0 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.254138 OK!
A4 2.048408 6.145225 8.193634 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.654561 OK!
B1 2.208802 6.626405 0 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.432911 OK!
B2 2.870379 0 0 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.291908 OK!
B3 2.519487 0 0 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.256223 OK!
B4 2.159957 6.479871 0 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.423338 OK!
C1 2.537044 7.611132 10.14818 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.810702 OK!
C2 1.559921 0 0 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.158639 OK!
C3 1.404562 0 0 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.142839 OK!
C4 2.029841 6.089522 8.119363 9.833168 17.26035 17.82099 0.648627 OK!

A1 1.077667 3.233 4.310667 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.838088 OK!

A2 0.209733 0.6292 0 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.096726 OK!
A3 0.209733 0.6292 0 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.096726 OK!
A4 0.901333 2.704 3.605333 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.700956 OK!
B1 0.865333 2.596 0 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.399079 OK!
B2 0.419467 0 0 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.089258 OK!
B3 0.419467 0 0 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.089258 OK!
B4 1.13 3.39 0 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.52114 OK!
C1 1.077667 3.233 4.310667 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.838088 OK!
C2 0.322333 0 0 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.068589 OK!
C3 0.322333 0 0 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.068589 OK!
C4 0.901333 2.704 3.605333 4.69946 17.26035 17.82099 0.700956 OK!

𝑃
fc =
𝑏𝑑

𝑃𝑒𝑦 𝑑
fbx =
2𝐼

𝑃𝑒𝑥 𝑏
fby =
2𝐼

𝑓𝑏𝑥 𝑓𝑏𝑦
Results= (fc + F’c) + ((𝐹′ ∗
) + ((𝐹′ ∗
)
𝑏𝑥 −(𝐽𝐹 𝑐 )) 𝑏𝑦 −(𝐽𝐹 𝑐 ))

*If results are less than 1 then the design is OK.