12/20/2019 Islamophobia Paper Sample

How it works Blog Latest orders Top writers About us  

Home > Blog > Islamophobia Paper Sample CATEGORIES

EssayShark Samples
Posted on February 7, 2018 by EssayShark
EssayShark Writing Guides
EssayShark Topics
Islamophobia Paper Sample
Academic level: College
Type of paper: Research paper
Discipline: Religion / Theology

Pages: 5
Sources: 6
Format: MLA

Order similar paper

“Can Islamophobia Be Considered as Religious Discrimination?” is a high-quality

Islamophobia paper sample that can help you with providing of your own text. This
paper is based on trustworthy sources such as sociology, religion, and psychology
studies. After a catchy introduction an author presents two parts of the main body.
The rst one informs about origins and description of the term “Islamophobia”. The
second one analyzes the Islamophobia as religious discrimination. The sample is
written due to academic standards by a knowledgeable author.

In case this Islamophobia paper sample satis es your needs you can also check
Islamic Culture Essay. We remind you that these papers serve only as examples and
you cannot claim authorship. However, you may purchase a paper on this or any other
topic with help of our easy ordering system. We guarantee the uniqueness of every
work. You can assure yourself of our scrupulosity using a plagiarism checker that we
have integrated specially for our clients. Our service provides good academic papers
created by authors who have mastered skills of pro cient writing. If you don’t want to
lose high grades, enlist the support of our professionals. You will get a perfect paper
without wasting a minute of your leisure time.
https://essayshark.com/blog/islamophobia-paper-sample/ 1/8
12/20/2019 Islamophobia Paper Sample

How it works Blog Latest orders Top writers About us  

Can Islamophobia Be Considered as Religious Discrimination?

In the last decades, Europe and North America have had controversial
relationships with Islam and Muslims. The rise of migration rates, the issues of
assimilation of Muslims into the secular and liberal communities of the West, and
the 9/11 terrorist attacks have all intensified the existing tensions between the
Christian and Islamic cultures, leading to the emergence of Islamophobia, a
largely irrational fear and discrimination of the Western societies toward the
Muslim minorities. Although it is not new for different religious groups living
within a single society to have ideological and normative tensions, the current
phenomenon of Islamophobia could be considered a process of religious
discrimination toward Islam and contradicts the basic norms and values that are
promoted by the Western liberal democracies.
Islamophobia: origins and description
Although the term “Islamophobia” has emerged only in the late 1990’s, the name
could be considered “a new word for an old concept” (Bleich 1582). While the
negative stereotypes toward Muslim culture, religion, and Arab ethnicity have
been present in the Western society for a long time, it is only in the recent decades
that these attitudes have become an institutionalized discriminative phenomenon.
With the opening of European borders, migration from the Arab countries to the
West and the September 2001 terrorist attack, Western societies have gained fixed
intolerance and fear toward Islam. The term “Islamophobia” has been given
various definitions, some of which included Islam culture, others referring to
religion or even direct irrational hatred and fear toward Muslim people. Despite
such differences in interpretation, some common characteristics can express the
discriminative Islamophobic attitudes. Islamophobia includes perceiving Islam as
the inferior culture compared to the Western, as a violent, aggressive, radical, and
totalitarian worldview that cannot be assimilated to the Western secular culture
and coexist peacefully and comfortably to one another (Taras 418). Erik Bleich
defined Islamophobia as “indiscriminate negative attitudes or emotions directed
at Islam or Muslims” (Bleich 1585). Interestingly, the part “phobia” refers to the
fact that most of these attitudes are rather irrational, with people viewing every
Muslim as a potential terrorist or Islamic fundamentalist, carrying a threat to the
comfortable existence of Western values, lifestyles, and liberal ideology. In fact,
these fears are highly exaggerated, as an insignificantly small percentage of
violent crimes in the US is committed by Muslims, with the great majority of
violence being produced by the carriers of Western values (Gallup, Inc.).
Still, partly because of the large trauma of 9/11 attacks and mostly unintentional
emphasis of governance system and media coverage of Muslim-related crimes
and conflicts Western societies express the rise in Islamophobic attitudes for the
https://essayshark.com/blog/islamophobia-paper-sample/ 2/8
12/20/2019 Islamophobia Paper Sample
and conflicts, Western societies express the rise in Islamophobic attitudes for the
last decade. Such an issue leads to a further question of whether Islamophobia can
How it works Blog Latest orders Top writers About us  
be considered as religious discrimination or as a justiciable reaction of liberal
society to the cultural and religious threat from the stranger Islamic worldview.

Islamophobia as religious discrimination

The issue of conceptualizing Islamophobia as solely a process of religious
discrimination lies mainly in the unique evolution of the relationships between
Muslim minorities in the Western countries. While originally the term religious
discrimination referred to limitations and discrimination of a specific religious
group in its right of peacefully practicing of beliefs and doctrines and fulfilling its
religious life, the modern Islamophobia is a more complex phenomenon. On the
one hand, most of the Muslim communities in the West feel free to perform their
religious rituals, establish their churches and visit them. Thus, there is no direct
deprivation of Islam as a religious system toward Muslims. On the other hand,
many of the Islamic traditions and cultural norms have a controversial position in
the ideological discourse of secular Western democracies. Despite the fact that
Western communities are less religious, the impact of Christian domination could
be seen in political, judicial, and cultural realms, making it hard for Muslim
minorities find common ground with the West (Weller 304). At the same time,
Western cultures also turned out to be poorly fit for the presence of monolithic
Islam minorities, which, unlike many other ethnic and religious minorities, try to
keep their religious and cultural identities and refuse to assimilate fully with the
Western majority. Such tendencies have led to the emergence of direct legislation
which limited the freedoms of religious expression. These include laws in France,
which banned burqas – traditional Muslim headwear for women – from the public
spaces (Weaver). The idea that elements of traditional clothing can carry
extremism of dangerous fundamentalism has no logic and rational explanation.
The only arguments from the supporters of this ban are based on the idea that
burqas discriminate women in their freedom of choosing what to do with their
b di H
https://essayshark.com/blog/islamophobia-paper-sample/ i l i i h li i h i i l f 3/8
12/20/2019 Islamophobia Paper Sample
bodies. However, a more constructive explanation might lie in the irrational fear
and rejection toward the Muslim culture,
Howwhich is expressed
it works through
Blog Latest orders such
Top writers About us  
confusing and controversial legislation.
It seems that the irrationality of fear and aggressive attitudes that is expressed
through the burqa ban are a simple, yet very illustrative example of why
Islamophobia should be considered as religious discrimination. Although this
modern type of discrimination does not include a direct limitation of Muslim
religious rights, meaning that Muslims are not banned from going to mosques or
worshiping Allah, it is concentrated on cultural and ideological elements that
Islam carries and limits them, justifying this discrimination with liberal values.
Although modern European and American societies tend to be more secular than
the Muslim states, the Western liberal ideology was built upon Christian
traditions and used social, political, and cultural institutions that were tightly
connected to the Christian way of life. Thus, the deprivation of religious freedom
means that Western societies favor more comfortable, understood, and
institutionalized Christian religious practices and doctrine over the Muslim
minorities’ cultural norms. The bias in the media that covers Muslim activity only
reinforces the ideas that Muslim minorities are “others” or “aliens” toward
Western societies, even if the majority of the Muslims are legal migrants who live
peacefully and according to the law (Saeed 1). The above structural
discriminative actions lead to the assumption that Islamophobia is not only a
phenomenon of religious discrimination, it also has racist features.
However, there is also a contrasting view that envisions Muslim culture as unfit
to coexist with the Western values. From that perspective, Muslim migrants to the
West are cultural intruders who refuse to accept the Western set of values and fail
to exist within the democratic and liberal world. Thus, to keep Western society
within the liberal direction of development, political and judicial instruments are
used to limit the influence of Muslim minorities in their public lives. Therefore,
the Islamic minorities have a choice of whether to accept the Western lifestyle
and values or to come back to the states where Islam is the normative and moral
fundamental of the social and political structure. Despite the fairness of these
arguments, it seems that they contradict the basic principles of modern
democratic states. The idea that there is only one way for an ethnic and religious
minority to live within the liberal society – that is, assimilation of this group with
the values and lifestyle of the majority – contradicts the core principles of
freedom of freedom of religious identity and individual expression. The West
actively promotes ideas of individual freedom, freedom for religious, cultural,
and ethnic identity, yet it seems that when it comes to Muslims, the West becomes
lost. Of course, there are issues in the process of coexistence of distinct and
different religious groups. However, it seems that the best way for a democracy to
meet such responsibility with tolerance, constant dialogue and equal discussion,
not falling into the trap of discrimination and banning of traditional clothing.
Conclusion
https://essayshark.com/blog/islamophobia-paper-sample/ 4/8
12/20/2019 Islamophobia Paper Sample

Although being a new term, Islamophobia is quite an old phenomenon that

How itIslam
describes irrational fear and hatred toward worksand
Blog Latest orders
Muslims. As the Top writers About us  
recent
decades saw the growth of migrants from the Islamic states into Europe and
North America, a cultural clash between the strong cultural and religious identity
of Muslims and the secular and liberal values of the West has led to the
phenomenon of Islamophobia, which has unfortunately become an answer to the
question of coexistence between the two groups. Islamophobia is expressed
through a variety of intolerant activities and could be considered a process of
religious discrimination, as it includes discriminative actions on free social and
formal governmental, legislative and journalistic media level of discourse.
Works Cited
Bleich, Erik. “What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is There? Theorizing and
Measuring an Emerging Comparative Concept.” American Behavioral Scientist,
vol 55, no. 12, 2011, pp. 1581-1600. SAGE Publications,
doi:10.1177/0002764211409387.
Gallup, Inc. “Islamophobia: Understanding Anti-Muslim Sentiment in The West.”
Gallup.com, 2017, news.gallup.com/poll/157082/islamophobia-understanding-
anti-muslim-sentiment-west.aspx.
Saeed, Amir. “Media, Racism and Islamophobia: The Representation of Islam
and Muslims in the Media.” Sociology Compass, vol 1, no. 2, 2007, pp. 443-462.
Wiley-Blackwell, doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00039.x.
Taras, Raymond. “‘Islamophobia Never Stands Still’: Race, Religion, and
Culture.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol 36, no. 3, 2013, pp. 417-433. Informa
UK Limited, doi:10.1080/01419870.2013.734388.
Weaver, Matthew. “Burqa Bans, Headscarves and Veils: A Timeline of
Legislation in the West.” The Guardian, 2017,
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/14/headscarves-and-muslim-veil-
ban-debate-timeline.
Weller, Paul. “Addressing Religious Discrimination and Islamophobia: Muslims
and Liberal Democracies. The Case of the United Kingdom.” Journal of Islamic
Studies, vol 17, no. 3, 2006, pp. 295-325. Oxford University Press (OUP),
doi:10.1093/jis/etl001.

Topic suggestion tool

Give it a try
Instantly find great topics for your essay

Posted in EssayShark Samples, Research paper samples

https://essayshark.com/blog/islamophobia-paper-sample/ 5/8
12/20/2019 Islamophobia Paper Sample

How it works Blog Latest orders Top writers About us  

READ NEXT

Nuclear Families Research Paper Sample

Dementia Research Paper: A Proper Nuclear Families Research Paper

Nutrition Sample

Posted on February 05, 2018 Posted on February 09, 2018

LEAVE A REPLY

Comment

Name *

Email *

Website
https://essayshark.com/blog/islamophobia-paper-sample/ 6/8
12/20/2019 Islamophobia Paper Sample
Website

How it works Blog Latest orders Top writers About us  

* CAPTCHA *

6  −   =  4

Post Comment

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

What our customers say

Read the latest testimonials

COMPANY LEGAL ESSAYSHARK SERVICES

About Us Terms & Conditions Personal Statement Topic Suggestion

Help Tool
Contact Us Privacy Policy
Personal Statement Sample Papers
User Reviews Cookie Policy Writing Service
Thesis Writing Service
Coursework Writing
https://essayshark.com/blog/islamophobia-paper-sample/ 7/8
12/20/2019
Become a Freelance
Writer
Essay Writing App
FAQ for Customers
Islamophobia Paper Sample
Con dentiality Policy Coursework Writing
Service Buy Research Paper
How it works Blog Latest orders Top writers About us  
Money Back
Guarantee College Paper Writing Resources
Service
Ratings & Awards

Payments by

Follow us

Write My Paper for Cheap | Essay Writing Service | Pay for Term Papers | How to Write a Good Essay |
Buy Cheap Essays | Free Essays | Dissertation Assistance | Dissertation Writing Service | Cheap Custom Essays |
EssayShark Legit | Research Papers for Sale | College Essay Writing Service | Term Paper Writing Service |
Write My College Essay | Buy College Essays | Cheap Dissertation | Philosophy Essay Writing Service |
Research Paper Writing Service | Speech Writing Service | Write My Essay for Me | Buy Apa Papers

© 2011 — 2019, EssayShark.com.

FrogProg Limited,Company Registration Number: HE276592,
registered office is at 6, IOANNI STYLIANOU STR., FLAT 202,
2003, NICOSIA, CYPRUS

Essayshark.com provides writing and research services for limited use only. All the materials from our website
should be used with proper references and in accordance with Terms & Conditions.

DMCA.com Protection Status

https://essayshark.com/blog/islamophobia-paper-sample/ 8/8