Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By:
Umiyati
105014000325
A “Skripsi”
Presented to
By:
Umiyati
NIM. 105014000325
Approved by
Advisor
Acknowledge by:
Dean of Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers’ Training
v
ABSTRACT
Umiyati : “The Effectiveness Of Using Small Group Interaction In
Teaching Reading Comprehension (Experimental Study at the
Seventh Grade of “SMP Sunan Bonang” Tangerang)”, “Skripsi”,
Department of English Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and
Teachers Training, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University,
2011.
Advisor : Drs. H. Bahrul Hasibuan, M.Ed.
Keywords : Small Group Interaction, Whole Class Teaching, SMP Sunan
Bonang.
The objective of this research is to find the empirical evidence of the
differences between students’ achievement in learning reading which is concerned
with Descriptive text by using Small Group Interaction and Whole Class
Teaching.
This is an experimental research. The writer taught two different classes
employing two different teaching techniques. The writer administered a pre-test to
know that the classes have relatively the same background knowledge in the
research variable and a post-test to find out the growth of score as the
measurement of achievement.
The writer used ttest to calculate the data and to test the hypotheses. The
result of the calculation from this research is to ≥ ttable, it means that the Null
Hypothesis (Ho ) is rejected and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. The
interpretation of data is the use of Small Group Interaction is more effective in
teaching reading of Descriptive text than Whole Class Teaching.
Finally, based on the finding of the research, the writer gave some
suggestions. She hopes this research will be useful for improving of education in
Indonesia.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praises be to Allah who gives the writer guidance and strength in
completing this “skripsi. Peace and blessing be upon the Prophet Muhammad
shalallahu ‘alaihi wassalam, his families, his relatives, and his followers.
First, the writer would like to express the greatest gratitude to her beloved
parents, Winanto and Rohanah, and to her brother and sisters whose names cannot
be mentioned one by one. I thank for love, support, and contributions both moral
and material to the writer.
2. All lecturers who have taught and given knowledge to the writer.
3. The principal, the English teacher, and the administration staffs who
have given the writer opportunity to do the research in SMP Sunan
Bonang Tangerang. Special thanks for seventh grade students for their
cooperation as the respondents of this research.
vii
viii
5. All her friends who always care, give support, help and contribution
for her, Syifa, Mbe, Hizbullah and A-Class ’05 community (thanks to
great sharing), I do appreciate it. May we all get success!
May Allah Subhanallahu wa Ta’ala bless us all. Finally, the writer realized
that this “skripsi” is still far from being perfect. Therefore, she hopes some
suggestions or criticism to make it better. Then she wishes that this “skripsi” be
some valuable writing. Amin.
The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE........................................................................................................................... i
SURAT PERNYATAAN KARYA SENDIRI ........................................................... ii
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................... iii
ENDORSEMENT ...................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................ vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... ix
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Research ........................................ 1
B. The Limitation and Formulation the Problem........................ 4
C. The Objective of the Research ............................................. 4
D. The Significance of the Research ......................................... 4
E. The Method of the Research ................................................ 5
F. The Organization of the Research ......................................... 5
ix
3. The Types of Reading Text ............................................ 16
4. The Factors Influence Reading Comprehension ............. 17
5. The Ways to Improve Reading Comprehension .............. 18
6. Teaching Reading in Junior High School According to
KTSP ............................................................................. 25
7. Hypotheses ..................................................................... 27
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 47
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... 49
x
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1
2
1
Mary A. Bany and Lois V. Johnson, Classroom Group Behavior, (New York: The
Macmilan Company, 1964), page. 31.
3
2
Daniel Muijs and David Reynolds, Effective Teaching Evidence and Practice (London:
SAGE Publication, 2005 ) page. 52
3
Jo McDonough and Christopher Shaw, Materials and Methods In ELT a Teacher’s
Guide (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1993), page 101.
4
Sunan Bonang Junior High School. The writer found that the way of
English teacher in teaching reading comprehension is used the whole class
teaching. It is caused the decreasing of student’s interest in learning
English and the student’s low score in learning reading skill.
This paper is divided into four chapters. The following is the short
description about what each chapter contains.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Small Group Interaction
1
A s Hornby, Oxford Advanced learner’s Dictionary of Current English, (New York,
Oxford University Press: 2000) 6th ed., page. 568
2
Stewart L. Tubbs, A System Approach to Small Group Interaction (New York, McGraw-
Hill Companies: 2004) page. 157-166
3
William Fowler, Infant and Child Care: a guide to education in group settings, (New
York, Allyn and Bacon Inc: 1980), page. 310
7
8
gives solution that students should be arranged so that each student can see
all other members of his group and can be heard without shouting and
disturbing the other groups.
In the other source there are many advantages of the small group:
a. Form a learner activation that is divided into five groups gets five
times as many opportunities to talk as in full-class organization.
4
Stewart L. Tubbs, A System Approach to Small Group Interaction (New York, McGraw-
Hill Companies: 2004) page. 157-166
5
Daniel Muijs and David Reynolds, Effective Teaching (evidence and practice), (New
York, Oxford University Press. 2005) P.52
9
a. Developing self-awareness
b. Managing personal stress
c. Solving problems analytically and creatively
d. Coaching, counselling, and establishing supportive communication
e. Gaining power and influence
f. Motivating others
g. Empowering and delegating
h. Managing conflict
i. Building effective teams and teamwork6
According to statements above the writer says that the use of small
group has many advantages in teaching learning process because it can
motivate and develop student’s skills, especially in reading. Small group
also can develop student learning outcome.
6
Stewart L. Tubbs, A System Approach to Small Group Interaction (New York, McGraw-
Hill Companies: 2004) page. 8
10
first is start with one small group that works well together. Let them
arrange their desks in a small circle and proceed to plan and make choices
about their project. It would be a good idea for them to elect a chairman and
to carry out their ideas. In this way they will have a full range of group work
experience and will have encountered several of the problems in working
together that will crone up again and again.
Second is separate individual from their group to each small group
and provide them as leaders for other groups. The separate individuals from
that group can the serve effectively as helping persons in new groups who
have no experience.
Third, set some well-defined, accomplishable tasks that provide
early reinforcement. If the group is getting the job done, the students will be
more satisfied with the group and with their participation in it.
Fourth, work with each group specifically in turn. This should be
done so that the students are aware of your attention and feel comfortable in
knowing that your time is theirs. Sit down with them and systematically
explore the “state of the project” with each group member. This activity can
increase student’s motivation in learning.
Fifth, provide resource materials of several kinds. The teacher also
can give the medi; such as picture, realia, etc to increase student’s intake of
information sessions to be more understandable to all group members.
Material for making media aids for the group report should also be provided.
Sixth, if the students getting their job done, the teacher asks the
student in each group to report and discuss the result of student’s small group
interaction and develop suggestions for a brief, lively information sharing
session.7
7
Diane Lapp, Hilary Bender, Teaching and Learning (Philosophical, Psychological,
Curricular Applications), (New York, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. 1975). P. 235-236
11
When the students do their discussion, read and comprehend the text in
their groups the teacher is walking around to each group to monitor and to
12
work with each group. This activity purposed to make students aware of
teacher’s attention and make them more interest in learning.
c. Ending
If you have limit, then this will help you draw the activity to a
close at a certain. In principle, try to finish the activity while the students
are still enjoying it and interested or only just beginning to flag. If the
students have getting done their job the teacher should finish the activity
of small group interaction and the teacher prepared for giving a feedback.
d. Feedback
A feedback session usually takes place in the context of full-class
interaction after the end of the group work. Feed back on the task may take
many forms: giving the right solution, if there is one; listening to and
evaluating suggestion; pooling ideas on the board; displaying materials the
groups have produce; and so on. Your main objective here is to express
appreciation of the effort that has been invested and its results. Feed back
on language may be integrated into this discussion of the task, or provide
the focus of a separate class session later.
The statements above explained that the application has many steps
are: presentation, process, ending and feedback.
B. Whole Class Teaching
1. The Understandings of Whole Class Teaching
Whole class teaching occurs when teaching and learning frequently
conjure up a picture of students sitting in rows listening to a teacher who
stands in front of them. Whole class teaching is a teacher centered because
when the teacher presented and explained the material the students just
listen to the teacher explanation. For many, this is what teaching means,
and it is still most common teacher-student interaction in many cultures.
Thought it has many limitations, whole-class grouping like this has both
practical advantages and disadvantages
13
8
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, third edition, (England: Longman
Inc. 2001), p.114
9
Joan Rubin and Irene Thompson, How to be More Successful Language Learner
“Toward Learner Autonomy” second edition, (New York: Heinle & Heinle Publisher. 1994), p. 91
10
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of Engish Language Teaching, (New York: Longman
Inc. 1989), p.153
11
Frank G Jenings, This is Reading, (New York: Teacher College Press, 1965). P. 11
12
F Dubin, D. E Eskey and W. Grabe, Teaching Second Language for Academic
Purposes, (New York: Addison Wesley Pub, 1986). P. 6
15
In line with the limitation, formulation and objective of the research in the
previous chapter, the writer would like only to explain about Descriptive
text.
Descriptive Text
c. Use of adjectives
d. Frequent use of Ephitets and Classifiers in nominal group
e. Use of simple present tense
Rafflesia Arnoldii
c. Comprehension tasks
d. Negative Expectations
Before the students were starting to learn the skill, they already
have negative expectations. They have feeling that they are not going
to understand the passage because it is sound to be too difficult and
they will be frustrating and de-motivating. Those feeling occur
because of unhappy or unsuccessful experiences.
5. The Ways to Improve Reading Comprehension
Skilful reading is an important part of becoming a skilful writer.
Following are four steps that will make you better reader:
a. Concentrate as we read
In reading activities someone needs to improve his
concentration. To improve the concentration first, read in a place
where we can be quiet and alone. Don’t choose a spot where a TV or
stereo is on or where friends or family are talking nearby. Next, sit in
an upright position when we read. If our body are in completely
relaxed position, sprawled across a bed or nestled in an easy chair, our
mind is also going to be completely relaxed. The light muscular
tension that comes from sitting in an upright chair promotes
concentration and keeps our mind ready to work. Finally, consider
19
using our index finger (or a pen) as a pacer while we read to read.
Lightly underline each line of print with our index finger as we read
down page. Hold our hand slightly above the page and move our
finger at a speed that is a little too fast for comfort. This facing with
our index finger, like sitting upright on a chair, creates a slight
physical tension that will keep our body and mind focused alert.
b. Skim material before we read
Go back and reread the passages that were not clear the first time.
Look up words that block your understanding of ideas and write their
20
meanings in the margin. Also, reread carefully the areas you identified
as most important; doing so will enlarge our understanding of the
material. Prepare a short outline of the selection by answering the
following questions on a sheet of paper:
16
John Langan, English Skills With Readings , (New York: McGraw-Hill Companies:
2002). Page. 580-582
21
Before find the main idea, we ought to know the activities may
help the learner to find the main idea of a passage:
17
Jo McDonough and Christopher Shaw, Materials and Methods In ELT a Teacher’s
Guide (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1993), page. 114
22
18
John J. DeBoer, Martha Dallmann, The Teaching of Reading, (New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston Inc, 1964) page. 146-159
25
D. Hypotheses
In this research, the writer would like to find the empirical evidence
whether or not the use of Small Group Interaction is really effective in
teaching reading Comprehension better than Grammar Translation Method. It
is also to find out whether there is a significant difference achievement in
learning reading comprehension between the students who are taught by
using Small Group Interaction and the students who are taught by using
Grammar Translation Method at the seventh grade of SMP Sunan Bonang
Tangerang. To accomplish this objective, the writer proposed two hypotheses
to be tested:
28
29
The writer used test to collect the data. The data were collected
from the pre-test and post-test. The pre-test was administered before the
treatments and post-test was administered after the treatments.
5. The Technique of Data Analysis
Note :
Mx = Mean of Variable X
My = Mean of Variable Y
SE = Standard Error
=
31
a. The writer observed the location and population were carried out. The
research was done in two classes (experiment class and control class).
Before treating the students using Small Group Interaction and Whole-
cass Teaching, the writer administered the pre-test to the students in
both classes with the same instrument to know the homogeneity of
students’ reading comprehension.
instrument was same, students did not realize that would be examined
again later. Finally, the writer made a calculation of the result from
both of the tests. The further explanation will discuss later.
The writer conducted field research. The writer collected the data
from students’ pre-test and post-test of both classes. The data is described
into table 3.1 which is presented the students’ achievements in the
experiment class and the control class before the writer does her research
(pre-test), and table 3.2 which is presented the students’ achievements in
the experiment class and the control class after the writer did her research
(post-test). Each table has four columns. The first column shows the
students number identification (N1) of VII3 as the experiment class (X),
the second column shows the scores of students VII3 as the experiment
class (X), the third column shows the students number identification (N2)
of VII2 as the control class (Y), and the last column shows the scores of
students VII2 as the control class (Y).
5 75 90 15
6 75 85 10
7 65 90 25
8 50 75 25
9 50 75 25
10 65 80 15
11 55 90 35
12 55 70 15
13 65 80 15
14 85 90 5
15 75 85 10
16 60 65 5
17 60 90 35
18 75 85 10
19 65 75 10
20 60 70 10
1295 1640 340
Mean 64.75 82 17
The table 1 describes that the lowest gained score in Post-Test and
pre-Test is 5 and the highest score is 35. Therefore, it can be summarized
that the lowest and highest gained scores in post-test is higher than pre-
test.
65, 70, 70, 75, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 85, 85, 85, 85, 90, 90, 90, 90, 90, 90, 90
R= 90 – 65 = 30
K= 1 + 3.3 log n
= 1 + 4.2
34
= 5.2 = 5
I= R = 30 = 6
K 5
NO F Lower Higher Xi f.Xi
Limit Limit
1 65 – 70 3 64.5 70.5 67.5 202.5
2 71 – 76 3 70.5 76.5 73.5 220.5
3 77 – 82 3 77.5 82.5 79.5 238.5
4 83 – 88 4 82.5 88.5 85.5 342
5 89 – 94 7 87.5 94.5 91.5 640.5
20 1744
= 87.2 + 10 – 7
6
= 87.2+ 3
6
= 87.2 + 0.5
= 87.7
Modus = ℓ+ S1__ i
S1 + S2
= 87.2 + _4 6
4+0
= 87+ 24 6
4
= 87.2 + 4
= 93.2
35
Table 3.2
The Students’ Pre-test and Post-test Scores of Control Class
(Whole-class Teaching)
Gained (d)
score
Students (X) Pre Test Score Post Test Score
(post test-pre-
test)
1 75 85 10
2 65 80 15
3 80 80 0
4 75 80 5
5 80 85 5
6 70 70 0
7 65 80 15
8 50 70 20
9 50 75 25
10 65 75 10
11 70 80 10
12 70 85 15
13 75 75 0
14 70 75 5
15 75 80 5
16 60 75 15
17 45 50 5
18 40 55 15
19 55 85 30
20 75 85 5
1310 1525 210
Mean 65.55 76.25 10.5
36
The table 2 describes that the lowest gained score in the post-test
and pre-test is 0 and the highest score is 30. Therefore, it can be
summarized that the lowest and highest gained scores in post-test is higher
than pre-test scores.
50, 55, 70, 70, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85.
R= 85 – 50 = 35
K= 1 + 3.3 logn
= 1 + 4.2
I= R = 35 = 5.8 = 6
K 6
NO F Lower Higher Xi f.Xi
Limit Limit
1 50 – 55 2 49.5 55.5 52.5 105
2 56 – 61 0 55.5 61.5 58.5 0
3 62 – 67 0 61.5 67.5 64.5 0
4 68 – 73 2 67.5 73.5 70.5 141
5 74 – 79 5 73.5 79.5 76.5 382.5
6 80 – 85 11 79.5 85.5 82.5 907.5
20 1536
37
= 79.5 + 10 – 0
11
Modus = ℓ + S1__ i
S1 + S2
= 79.5 + _6 6
6+0
= 79.5 + 6 6
6
= 79.5 + 6 = 85.5
2. The Analysis of Data
Before the writer analyzed the data, the writer has calculated the
data into the statistic calculation. The writer used formula to find the
empirical evidence statistically and to make the testing of the hypotheses.
So this research will be easier.
Table 3.3
The Comparison Scores of Each Student in Experiment Class and Control
Class
Students Students
X Y X Y x.x y.y
X Y
1 1 15 10 -2 -0.5 4 0.25
2 2 20 15 3.5 4.5 12.25 20.25
3 3 25 0 8.5 -10.5 72.25 110.25
4 4 30 5 -13.5 -5.5 182.25 30.25
5 5 15 5 -1.5 -5.5 2.25 30.25
6 6 10 0 -6.5 -10.5 42.25 110.25
7 7 25 15 8.5 4.5 72.25 20.25
8 8 25 20 8.5 9.5 72.25 90.25
9 9 25 25 8.5 14.5 72.25 210.25
10 10 5 10 -11.5 -0.5 132.25 0.25
11 11 35 10 18.5 -0.5 342.25 0.25
12 12 15 15 -1.5 4.5 2.25 20.25
13 13 15 0 -1.5 -10.5 2.25 110.25
14 14 5 5 -11.5 -5.5 132.25 30.25
15 15 10 5 -6.5 -5.5 42.25 30.25
16 16 5 15 -11.5 4.5 132.25 20.25
17 17 30 5 13.5 -5.5 182.25 30.25
18 18 10 15 -6.5 4.5 42.25 20.25
19 19 10 30 -6.5 19.5 42.25 380.25
20 20 10 5 -6.5 -5.5 42.25 30.25
Mean 17 10.5
N1=20 N2=20 340 210 0 0 1626.75 1295
39
= 17
= 10.5
= 9.01
d. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable Y, with formula:
= 8.04
40
= 2.06
f. Determining Standard Error of Mean of Variable Y, with formula:
= 1.84
g. Determining Standard Error of Difference of Mean of Variable X and
Variable Y, with formula:
=
=
= 2.76
h. Determining with formula:
= 2.35
41
= (20 + 20)
= 38
Because the value of degrees of freedom (38) is not mentioned
in , so the writer uses the closer value to 38 that is 40 as degrees of
freedom. (See appendix)
will help students clarify in their own minds what they have
already learned and understood.
3) The role of the teacher in whole-class teaching is a teacher
centered. It means that the teacher is an authority in the classroom
and the role of students is that do what the teacher’s said while in
Small Group Interaction classroom the teacher’s role is facilitator,
creator, etc. The students’ role in Small Group Interaction is not
only do what the teacher’s said but also gate-keeper, checker, etc.
The roles in Small Group Interaction classroom will make the
process of learning and teaching more relax.
4) The activity in Small Group Interaction classroom can be made
students more active than the activity in whole-class teaching. So it
can be made students in Small Group Interaction classroom to
improve their knowledge better than in Whole-class teaching
classroom.
A. CONCLUSION
According to the descriptions in chapter I, II & III, the writer infers
that this “skirpsi” answers the research question, “Is the use of Small Group
Interaction more effective in teaching reading comprehension than Whole-
class Teaching on even semester of the seventh grade SMP Sunan Bonang?”
The answer is the use of Small Group Interaction is more effective in teaching
reading comprehension than Whole-class Teaching on even semester of the
seventh grade SMP Sunan Bonang.
45
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B. SUGGESTIONS
1. The teachers have to know the various methods in learning and teaching in
order to choose the suitable method for suitable materials in the classroom
3. The students need to realize that learning has two way process, not only
teacher-center but also student-center. It means that they have significant
role in achieving their success in study.
4. The students have to read more reading texts in order to have more
knowledge.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
47
48
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(Experiment class)
Satuan Pendidikan : SMP Sunan Bonang
Alamat : Perum Dasana Indah Bonang Blok SJ kec. Kelapa Dua
Tangerang
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/Semester : VII /II
Aspek/skill : Reading
Standar Kompetensi
Membaca
Memahami makna dalam teks esei pendek sederhana berbentuk
descriptive untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar
Kompetensi Dasar
Membaca nyaring bermakna teks fungsional dan essai pendek sederhana
berbentuk descriptive dengan ucapan, tekanan dan intonasi yang berterima yang
berkaitan dengan lingkungan sekitar
Indikator
1. Memahami teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
2. Merespon teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
3. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
Tujuan pembelajaran
1. Menemukan main idea (ide pokok) pada setiap paragraph
2. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks tulis
3. Merespon tulisan sederhana dalam bentuk descriptive text
Materi pokok dan uraian materi
Descriptive text
Descriptive text is text which tells what a person or thing is like.
The purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
The generic structure of descriptive text are: identification and description.
In identification, the phenomenon to be described is identifying. While in
description, the phenomenon is describing in parts, quality, or/and characteristic.
51
Kegiatan Inti
Presentasi
1. Guru membagi siswa kedalam kelompok-kelompok kecil
2. Guru meminta masing-masing kelompok untuk menunjuk ketua kelompok
masing-masing
3. Guru membagikan handout kepada siswa
Latihan
1. Guru meminta beberapa orang siswa untuk membaca handout yang telah
diberikan
2. Guru meminta siswa untuk memahami text yang dibaca
3. Guru meminta siswa untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang telah disediakan
Kegiatan Akhir
Evaluasi
1. Guru meminta siswa untuk menyimpulkan materi
2. Guru memberikan soal latihan
3. Guru meminta seluruh siswa untuk mengumpulkan soal yang telah
dikerjakan
4. Guru memberikan kesempatan siswa untuk bertanya tentang materi yang
telah disampaikan
5. Guru mengakhiri pertemuan dengan salam
52
Penilaian
1. Penilaian proses:
Dilakukan pada saat proses kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung
2. Penilaian hasil
Dilakukan saat siswa menjawab pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan materi
Contoh:
Jawaban yang benar : 2
(20 : 2 = 10)
Tangerang, 2011
Mengetahui,
Guru Bahasa Inggris Peneliti
Masturoh Umiyati
53
APPENDIX III
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(Control class)
Satuan Pendidikan : SMP Sunan Bonang
Alamat : Perum Dasana Indah Bonang Blok SJ kec.Kelapa Dua
Tangerang
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/Semester : VII /II
Aspek/skill : Reading
Standar Kompetensi
Membaca
Memahami makna dalam teks esei pendek sederhana berbentuk
descriptive untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar
Kompetensi Dasar
Membaca nyaring bermakna teks fungsional dan essai pendek sederhana
berbentuk descriptive dengan ucapan, tekanan dan intonasi yang berterima yang
berkaitan dengan lingkungan sekitar
Indikator
1. Memahami teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
2. Merespon teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
3. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
Tujuan pembelajaran
1. Menemukan main idea (ide pokok) pada setiap paragraph
2. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks tulis
3. Merespon tulisan sederhana dalam bentuk descriptive text
Materi pokok dan uraian materi
Descriptive text
Descriptive text is text which tells what a person or thing is like.
The purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
The generic structure of descriptive text are: identification and description.
54
Langkah-langkah Kegiatan:
Kegiatan Awal
Greeting
1. Guru mengucapkan salam dan memberikan sapaan kepada siswa
2. Guru menanyakan kabar siswa
Motivation
Kegiatan Inti
Presentasi
1. Guru menjelaskan materi tentang descriptive text
2. Guru membagikan handout kepada siswa
3. Guru menuliskan kosakata yang dianggap sulit
Latihan
1. Guru meminta siswa untuk membaca handout yang telah diberikan
2. Guru meminta siswa untuk memahami text yang dibaca
3. Guru meminta siswa untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang telah disediakan
Kegiatan Akhir
Evaluasi
1. Guru memberikan soal latihan
2. Guru meminta seluruh siswa untuk mengumpulkan soal yang telah
dikerjakan
3. Guru memberikan kesempatan siswa untuk bertanya tentang materi yang
telah disampaikan
4. Guru mengakhiri pertemuan dengan salam
55
Penilaian
1. Penilaian proses:
Dilakukan pada saat proses kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung
2. Penilaian hasil
Dilakukan saat siswa menjawab pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan materi
Instrumen : soal tes terlampir
Kriteria penilaian : tes berjumlah 20 butir soal berbentuk pilihan ganda
Pilihan ganda diberi bobot nilai 1 untuk tiap butir soal
1 x 20 = 20
Tangerang, 2011
Mengetahui,
Guru Bahasa Inggris Peneliti
Masturoh Umiyati
56
APPENDIX IV
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(Experiment class)
Satuan Pendidikan : SMP Sunan Bonang
Alamat : Perum Dasana Indah Bonang Blok SJ kec.Kelapa Dua
Tangerang
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/Semester : VII /II
Aspek/skill : Reading
Standar Kompetensi
Membaca
Memahami makna dalam teks esei pendek sederhana berbentuk
descriptive untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar
Kompetensi Dasar
Membaca nyaring bermakna teks fungsional dan essai pendek sederhana
berbentuk descriptive dengan ucapan, tekanan dan intonasi yang berterima yang
berkaitan dengan lingkungan sekitar
Indikator
1. Memahami teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
2. Merespon teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
3. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
Tujuan pembelajaran
1. Menemukan main idea (ide pokok) pada setiap paragraph
2. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks tulis
3. Merespon tulisan sederhana dalam bentuk descriptive text
Materi pokok dan uraian materi
Descriptive text
My friend Sarah
Let me describe my friend Sarah to you. She is twenty-five years old and she
studies psychology in London. She is not English thought, in fact she was born in
Australia.
57
Sarah loves all kinds of sports and she is very good at them. She plays golf at
least twice a week. She also enjoys riding her bike with her friends and playing
for the university basketball team.
Exercise
1. Sarah
2. Twenty five
3. Psichology
4. Golf
5. Australia
Langkah-langkah Kegiatan:
Kegiatan Awal
Greeting
1. Guru mengucapkan salam dan memberikan sapaan kepada siswa
2. Guru menanyakan kabar siswa
Motivation
1. Guru memberikan permainan
2. Guru memberikan pertanyaan tentang materi pada pertemuan sebelumnya
Kegiatan Inti
Presentasi
1. Guru meminta siswa untuk membentuk lingkaran sesuai dengan kelompok
masing-masing
2. Guru membagikan handout kepada siswa
Latihan
1. Guru meminta beberapa orang siswa untuk membaca handout yang telah
diberikan
2. Guru meminta masing-masing siswa untuk memahami text yang dibaca
3. Siswa mendiskusikan text yang telah mereka baca
4. Guru meminta siswa untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang telah disediakan
58
Kegiatan Akhir
Evaluasi
1. Guru meminta masing-masing kelompok untuk menyimpulkan materi
2. Guru memberikan soal latihan
3. Guru meminta seluruh siswa untuk mengumpulkan soal yang telah
dikerjakan
4. Guru memberikan kesempatan siswa untuk bertanya tentang materi yang
telah disampaikan
5. Guru mengakhiri pertemuan dengan salam
Penilaian
1. Penilaian proses:
Dilakukan pada saat proses kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung
2. Penilaian hasil
Dilakukan saat siswa menjawab pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan materi
Masturoh Umiyati
59
APPENDIX V
Standar Kompetensi
Membaca
Memahami makna dalam teks esei pendek sederhana berbentuk
descriptive untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar
Kompetensi Dasar
Membaca nyaring bermakna teks fungsional dan essai pendek sederhana
berbentuk descriptive dengan ucapan, tekanan dan intonasi yang berterima yang
berkaitan dengan lingkungan sekitar
Indikator
1. Memahami teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
2. Merespon teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
3. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
Tujuan pembelajaran
1. Menemukan main idea (ide pokok) pada setiap paragraph
2. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks tulis
3. Merespon tulisan sederhana dalam bentuk descriptive text
Materi pokok dan uraian materi
Descriptive text
My friend Sarah
Let me describe my friend Sarah to you. She is twenty-five years old and she
studies psychology in London. She is not English thought; in fact she was born in
Australia.
60
Sarah loves all kinds of sports and she is very good at them. She plays golf at least
twice a week. She also enjoys riding her bike with her friends and playing for the
university basketball team.
Exercise
1. Sarah
2. Twenty five
3. Psichology
4. Golf
5. Australia
Langkah-langkah Kegiatan:
Kegiatan Awal
Greeting
1. Guru mengucapkan salam dan memberikan sapaan kepada siswa
2. Guru menanyakan kabar siswa
Motivation
Guru memberikan permainan
Kegiatan Inti
Presentasi
1. Guru mengulang materi tentang descriptive text
2. Guru membagikan handout kepada siswa
3. Guru menuliskan kosakata yang dianggap sulit
Latihan
1. Guru meminta siswa untuk membaca handout yang telah diberikan
2. Guru meminta siswa untuk memahami text yang dibaca
3. Guru meminta siswa untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang telah disediakan
Kegiatan Akhir
Evaluasi
61
Penilaian
1. Penilaian proses:
Dilakukan pada saat proses kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung
2. Penilaian hasil
Dilakukan saat siswa menjawab pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan materi
Tangerang, 2011
Mengetahui,
Guru Bahasa Inggris Peneliti
Masturoh Umiyati
62
APPENDIX VI
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(Experiment class)
Satuan Pendidikan : SMP Sunan Bonang
Alamat : Perum Dasana Indah Bonang Blok SJ kec. Kelapa Dua
Tangerang
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas/Semester : VII /II
Aspek/skill : Reading
Standar Kompetensi
Membaca
Memahami makna dalam teks esei pendek sederhana berbentuk
descriptive untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar
Kompetensi Dasar
Membaca nyaring bermakna teks fungsional dan essai pendek sederhana
berbentuk descriptive dengan ucapan, tekanan dan intonasi yang berterima yang
berkaitan dengan lingkungan sekitar
Indikator
1. Memahami teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
2. Merespon teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
3. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
Tujuan pembelajaran
1. Menemukan main idea (ide pokok) pada setiap paragraph
2. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks tulis
3. Merespon tulisan sederhana dalam bentuk descriptive text
Materi pokok dan uraian materi
Descriptive text
Descriptive text is text which tells what a person or thing is like.
The purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
The generic structure of descriptive text are: identification and description.
In identification, the phenomenon to be described is identifying. While in
description, the phenomenon is describing in parts, quality, or/and characteristic.
63
Questions
1. What is the text talking about?
2. What is the purpose of the writer in this text?
3. Where is Bedugul located?
4. What are the names of lakes in Bedugul?
5. What is Bedugul fertile soil produced?
Answer Key
1. The text is talking about Bedugul
2. The purpose of the writer in the text is to describe the condition of bedugul
3. Bedugul is located on the main north-south road between Denpasar and
Singaraja
4. The names of lakes are Bratan, Buyan and Tamblingan
5. Bedugul fertile soil produced abundance of plants and trees, some of them
formed rain forest with their exotic birds, monkeys and other creatures
64
Langkah-langkah Kegiatan:
Kegiatan Awal
Greeting
1. Guru mengucapkan salam dan memberikan sapaan kepada siswa
2. Guru menanyakan kabar siswa
Motivation
Guru memberikan permainan
Kegiatan Inti
Presentasi
1. Guru menunjuk beberapa orang siswa kedalam kelompok kecil
2. Guru memberikan pengarahan kepada siswa yang ada dalam kelompok
tersebut
3. Guru membagikan handout kepada siswa
Latihan
1. Guru meminta beberapa orang siswa untuk membaca handout yang telah
diberikan
2. Guru meminta siswa untuk memahami text yang dibaca secara
berkelompok
3. Guru meminta siswa untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang telah disediakan
4. Masing-masing kelompok berdiskusi tentang materi yang telah mereka
pelajari
Kegiatan Akhir
Evaluasi
1. Guru meminta siswa untuk menyimpulkan materi
2. Guru memberikan soal latihan
3. Guru meminta seluruh siswa untuk mengumpulkan soal yang telah
dikerjakan
4. Guru memberikan kesempatan siswa untuk bertanya tentang materi yang
telah disampaikan
5. Guru mengakhiri pertemuan dengan salam
Penilaian
1. Penilaian proses:
Dilakukan pada saat proses kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung
65
2. Penilaian hasil
Dilakukan saat siswa menjawab pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan materi
Instrumen : soal tes terlampir
Kriteria penilaian : tes berjumlah 5 butir soal berbentuk essay
Untuk setiap butir soal diberi bobot nilai 20
5 x 20 = 100
Kriteria penilaian dengan menjumlahkan jawaban yang benar dikalikan dengan
bobot nilai
Contoh:
Jawaban yang benar x 20
(3 : 20 = 60)
Tangerang, 2011
Mengetahui,
Guru Bahasa Inggris Peneliti
Masturoh Umiyati
66
APPENDIX VII
Standar Kompetensi
Membaca
Memahami makna dalam teks esei pendek sederhana berbentuk
descriptive untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar
Kompetensi Dasar
Membaca nyaring bermakna teks fungsional dan essai pendek sederhana
berbentuk descriptive dengan ucapan, tekanan dan intonasi yang berterima yang
berkaitan dengan lingkungan sekitar
Indikator
1. Memahami teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
2. Merespon teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
3. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks monolog dalam bentuk descriptive
Tujuan pembelajaran
1. Menemukan main idea (ide pokok) pada setiap paragraph
2. Mengidentifikasi kata kunci dalam teks tulis
3. Merespon tulisan sederhana dalam bentuk descriptive text
Materi pokok dan uraian materi
Descriptive text
Descriptive text is text which tells what a person or thing is like.
The purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
The generic structure of descriptive text are: identification and description.
In identification, the phenomenon to be described is identifying. While in
description, the phenomenon is describing in parts, quality, or/and characteristic.
67
Questions
1. What is the text talking about?
2. What is the purpose of the writer in this text?
3. Where is Bedugul located?
4. What are the names of lakes in Bedugul?
5. What is Bedugul fertile soil produced?
Answer Key
1. The text is talking about Bedugul
2. The purpose of the writer in the text is to describe the condition of bedugul
3. Bedugul is located on the main north-south road between Denpasar and
Singaraja
4. The names of lakes are Bratan, Buyan and Tamblingan
5. Bedugul fertile soil produced abundance of plants and trees, some of them
formed rain forest with their exotic birds, monkeys and other creatures
68
Langkah-langkah Kegiatan:
Kegiatan Awal
Greeting
1. Guru mengucapkan salam dan memberikan sapaan kepada siswa
2. Guru menanyakan kabar siswa
Motivation
Guru memberikan permainan
Kegiatan Inti
Presentasi
1. Guru mengulang materi tentang descriptive text
2. Guru membagikan handout kepada siswa
3. Guru menuliskan kosakata yang dianggap sulit
Latihan
1. Guru meminta siswa untuk membaca handout yang telah diberikan
2. Guru meminta siswa untuk memahami text yang dibaca
3. Guru meminta siswa untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang telah disediakan
Kegiatan Akhir
Evaluasi
1. Guru memberikan soal latihan
2. Guru meminta seluruh siswa untuk mengumpulkan soal yang telah
dikerjakan
3. Guru memberikan kesempatan siswa untuk bertanya tentang materi yang
telah disampaikan
4. Guru memberikan pertanyaan tentang descriptive text kepada beberapa
siswa
5. Guru mengakhiri pertemuan dengan salam
Penilaian
1. Penilaian proses:
Dilakukan pada saat proses kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung
2. Penilaian hasil
Dilakukan saat siswa menjawab pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan materi
69
Tangerang, 2011
Mengetahui,
Guru Bahasa Inggris Peneliti
Masturoh Umiyati
70
APPENDIX VIII
SOAL PRE-TEST
NAME :
CLASS :
The text for question number 1-5 falls is a wonder of The Natural
Word!
One of the greatest waterfalls in
the whole world lies on the Zimbezi 1. Victoria Falls lies on…
river, which forms the border a. Zambia river
between Zambia and Zimbabwe. b. Zimbabwe river
Some people think it is one of the c. Zimbezi river
most beautiful sights in the world! d. America river
Upstream, the river flows through a 2. The height of the falls varies
wide valley. You could probably see from…feet to about…feet in the
Victoria Falls from 25 to 40 miles center.
away, and see its spray rising 1000 a. 256, 345 c. 265, 354
feet into the air from seven miles b. 625, 354 d. 256, 354
away. 3. “mosi-oa-tuanya” the bold
typed sentence means…
Long before you even see the
a. Smoke that thunders
waterfalls you can hear the roaring of
b. Wonder of the Natural World
the water. The native people call it c. The great water fall
“mosi-oa-tuanya” which means d. The great river
“smoke that thunders” the falls were 4. The text tells us about…
formed by a deep rift in the roch that a. The Zimbezi river
lies directly across the path of the b. The Victoria falls
Zimbezi river. The rift was caused by
c. The Zimbabwe falls
movement of the earth about 150
d. The Victoria river
million years ago. At the broadest
5. The Victoria Falls was
point, the falls are 5,545 feet across. discovered by…
The height of the falls varies from a. David Livingstone in 1855
256 feet to about 354 feet in the b. David Livingstone in 1835
center. Victoria falls was discovered c. David Livingstone in 1845
by David Livingstone in 1855. The d. David Livingstone in 1825
falls were named in honor of Queen
Victoria. There is no wonder Victoria
71
The text for questions number 6-9 a. She thought that she wouldn’t
like it
The Scotch terrier was as a kitten
b. She thought that it wouldn’t
as it sat in the kennel. I was so much time to spend to it
surprised that no one wanted to take c. She thought that she would not
it home. It had a green bow and be able to take care of it
floopy ears. I asked my mom if I d. She thought that it was
could have that dog, but she said no expensive to buy
because I wouldn’t be able to take 9. The writers call her scotch with…
care of it. I asked the man that owned a. Puppy c. Cuddly
the kennel if I could hold the puppy. b. Scotch d. Christmas
He said “sure”. When I opened the
cage the cuddly puppy ran up to me, Text for questions number 10-15
jumped on me and licked me! I let
Watson and the Shark is a
my mom hold the pup and she just
painting by John Singleton Copely.
couldn’t resist getting the dog
because it was so soft and cuddly! I In the foreground of the painting, one
was so happy that I got my own naked man is being attacked by a
puppy to love! I also gave him a huge gray Shark in the cold choppy
name and it was Christmas because I sweater. One small overloaded
got him two days before Christmas. I rowboat is near the naked man and
have kept the green bow he had on, the frightening shark. There are nine
to remind me of the day I got him. horrified men in this rowboat. They
are trying to rescue the naked man.
6. The Scotch terrier is… One young man takes a long spear
a. A kind of dog and wants to kill the shark. Some
b. A kind of kitten people are reaching for his hand, and
c. A kind of cat some are throwing a rope for him to
d. A kind of rabbit catch. In the background of the
7. The writer mention that Scotch painting, under the dark and cloudy
terrier is a kitten because… sky, there are many ships stopping in
a. It looks like a cat the stormy harbor. Te whole painting
b. It is small and has many makes people feels tension and fear.
similarities as a kitten
10. Watson and the Shark is kind of…
c. Because it has heavy fur and
a. Painting c. Picture
short ears
d. None of the above option b. Drawing d. Calendar
8. The writer’s mom at first didn’t 11. …. Is a painter of the painting
allow her to take care of it a. Watson and Shark
because… b. John Singleton Copely
c. Watson
72
SOAL POST-TEST
NAME :
CLASS :
The text for question number 1-5 by David Livingstone in 1855. The
falls were named in honor of Queen
One of the greatest waterfalls in Victoria. There is no wonder Victoria
the whole world lies on the Zimbezi Falls is a wonder of The Natural
river, which forms the border Word!
between Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Some people think it is one of the 1. Victoria Falls lies on…
most beautiful sights in the world! a. Zambia river
Upstream, the river flows through a b. Zimbabwe river
wide valley. You could probably see c. Zimbezi river
Victoria Falls from 25 to 40 miles d. America river
away, and see its spray rising 1000 2. The height of the falls varies
feet into the air from seven miles from…feet to about…feet in the
away. center.
a. 256, 345 c. 265, 354
Long before you even see the b. 625, 354 d. 256, 354
waterfalls you can hear the roaring of 3. “mosi-oa-tuanya” the bold
the water. The native people call it typed sentence means…
“mosi-oa-tuanya” which means a. Smoke that thunders
“smoke that thunders” the falls were b. Wonder of the Natural World
formed by a deep rift in the roch that c. The great water fall
lies directly across the path of the d. The great river
Zimbezi river. The rift was caused by 4. The text tells us about…
movement of the earth about 150 a. The Zimbezi river
million years ago. At the broadest b. The Victoria falls
point, the falls are 5,545 feet across. c. The Zimbabwe falls
The height of the falls varies from d. The Victoria river
256 feet to about 354 feet in the
5. The Victoria Falls was
center. Victoria falls was discovered
discovered by…
73
74
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. C
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. B
19. A
20. D
76
77
APPENDIX XI
Kelas : VII
Nomor
No Standar Kompetensi Kompetensi Dasar Uraian Materi Indikator
soal
1 Memahami makna Merespon makna The text for question number 1-5
dalam teks tulis yang terdapat dalam One of the greatest waterfalls in the
fungsional pendek teks tulis fungsional whole world lies on the Zimbezi river,
sangat sederhana yang pendek sangat which forms the border between Zambia
berkaitan dengan sederhana secara and Zimbabwe. Some people think it is
lingkungan terdekat akurat, lancar dan one of the most beautiful sights in the
berterima yang world! Upstream, the river flows
berkaitan dengan through a wide valley. You could
lingkungan terdekat probably see Victoria Falls from 25 to
40 miles away, and see its spray rising
1000 feet into the air from seven miles
away.
Long before you even see the
waterfalls you can hear the roaring of
77
78
79
80
to buy
The writers call her scotch with… Memilih kosa kata dengan tepat 9
a. Puppy c. Cuddly
b. Scotch d. Christmas
Text for questions number 10-15
3 Watson and the Shark is a painting
by John Singleton Copely. In the
foreground of the painting, one naked
man is being attacked by a huge gray
Shark in the cold choppy sweater. One
small overloaded rowboat is near the
naked man and the frightening shark.
There are nine horrified men in this
rowboat. They are trying to rescue the
naked man. One young man takes a long
spear and wants to kill the shark. Some
people are reaching for his hand, and
some are throwing a rope for him to
catch. In the background of the painting,
under the dark and cloudy sky, there are
many ships stopping in the stormy
harbor. Te whole painting makes people
feels tension and fear.
Watson and the Shark are kind of… Mengidentifikasi informasi 10
a. Painting c. Picture (information detail)
b. Drawing d. Calendar
81
82
The purpose of descriptive text is… Memilih tujuan dari deskriptif teks 19
a. To describe and reveal a particular dengan benar
person, things and place.
b. To report a particular person,
things and place.
c. To discuss a particular person,
83
84
Tangerang, 2011
Peneliti
Umiyati