Electrochemistry

Topics we will learn today

Functions of Salt bridge

Galvanic vs Electrolytic Cell

LLJP and Electrode Potential

Cell structure and Notation

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 Functions of salt bridge.

● To complete the circuit by connecting two half cells

● To minimize the liquid junction potential.

● To maintain the electrical neutrality in order to give continuous flow of

current.

● To prevent mixing of two electrolytes.

Speed of cation ≃ speed of anion.

Galvanic Vs Electrolytic cell
Can we put both the metals in the same container?
 Liquid-Liquid junction potential

It’s the potential difference that arises between two solutions, when two
solutions of electrolytes of different concentration are in contact with each other.
The more concentrated solution will have a tendency to diffuse into
comparatively less concentrated one.
 Electrode Potential
A potential difference developed at the metal - solution interface is called
electrode potential.
 Electrode potential depends on

● Nature of metal or electrode

● Concentration of metal ions in solution

● Temperature
 Cell structure and notation

In 1953, IUPAC recommended following conventions for writing cell notations.

● Anode half-cell || Cathode half-cell

● Phase boundaries are indicated by vertical lines(|) or semicolon(;)
Ion-ion electrode

Gas electrode

Insoluble salt
electrode
 EMF or Cell potential

It’s the driving force that pushes the electrons away from anode and pulls them
towards cathode.
Example

AIEEE - 2002
Example

AIEEE - 2002
Example Write the half-reactions and the balanced cell reaction for the following
galvanic cells.
(a) Cd(s) | Cd2+(aq) || Au3+(aq) | Au(s)
(b) Fe(s)| Fe2+ (aq) || Br (aq), Br- (aq) | Pt(s)
(c) Cr(s) | Cr3+(aq) || Cu2+(aq) | Cu(s)
Example A cell is given as
Ag, AgCl(s) | NaCl(0.01 M) || AgNO3(0.2M) | Ag
1. Write both half cell rxn
2. Write net cell rxn