ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline

Engineering

Lecture 09: Mechanical Design – Pressure

Containment: Part 2

Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
spkenny@engr.mun.ca
Update – Available DNV OS & RP
„ Educational Purposes Only
¾ DNV OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems
¾ DNV-RP-C205 Environmental Conditions and
Environmental Loads
¾ DNV-RP-F105 Free Spanning Pipelines

¾ DNV-RP-F109 On-bottom Stability Design of

Submarine Pipelines
¾ DNV-RP-F111 Interference between Trawl
Gear and Pipelines

2 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Lecture 09 Objective
„ To examine mechanical behaviour for
pressure containment of thick-walled
pipelines

3 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders
„ Characteristics
¾ Through thickness (radial) variation of stress
¾ Valid for D/t ≤ 20

¾ t ≥ 0.10 inner pipe radius Pe

„ Theory of Elasticity
¾ Lamé Formula
Pi
• Force equilibrium
• ε-δ relationships
• Compatibility equation
• σ-ε relationships
4 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders (cont.)
„ Symmetry
¾ No shear stress
τ rθ = 0

„ Equilibrium equation
dσ r σ r − σθ
+ + Fr = 0
dr r

„ ε-δ relationship
du 1 dv u dv 1 du v
εr = , εθ = + , γ rθ = + −
dr r dθ r dr r dθ r

5 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders (cont.)
„ Open End & Unconstrained
¾ σz = 0
¾ Hooke’s law
du 1
εr = = (σ r − νσ θ )
dr E
u 1
εθ = = (σ θ − νσ r )
r E

γ rθ = 0

6 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders (cont.)
„ Rearranging and Equating
E E ⎛ du u⎞
σr = ( ε + νε ) = + ν
1 − ν 2 ⎜⎝ dr r ⎟⎠
θ
1−ν 2
r

E E ⎛u du ⎞
σθ = ( ε + νε ) = + ν
1 − ν 2 ⎜⎝ r dr ⎟⎠
θ
1−ν 2
r

„ Substitute into
Force Equilibrium
dσ r σ r − σθ
+ + Fr = 0
dr r

7 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders (cont.)
„ Equilibrium Equation of Motion
d 2u 1 du u c2
2
+ − 2 =0 Solution ⇒ u = c1r +
dr r dr r r

„ Radial and Tangential

Stress Equations
E ⎡ ⎛ 1−ν ⎞⎤
σr = c
⎢ 1 (1 + ν ) − c 2⎜ 2 ⎟⎥
1−ν 2 ⎣ ⎝ r ⎠⎦

E ⎡ ⎛ 1−ν ⎞⎤
σθ = c
⎢ 1 (1 + ν ) + c 2⎜ 2 ⎟⎥
1−ν 2 ⎣ ⎝ r ⎠⎦

8 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders (cont.)
„ Constant Longitudinal Strain
E ⎡ ⎛ 1−ν ⎞⎤
σr = c
⎢ 1 (1 + ν ) − c 2⎜ 2 ⎟⎥
1−ν 2 ⎣ ⎝ r ⎠⎦

E ⎡ ⎛ 1−ν ⎞⎤
σθ =
1−ν 2 ⎢ 1(
c 1 + ν ) 2⎜ 2
+ c ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ r ⎠⎦
2Ec1
σ r + σθ =
1−ν
ν
εz = − (σ r + σ θ ) = constant
E

„ ∴ plane sections
remain plane
9 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders (cont.)
„ Recall Open End and P e

a
Unconstrained Cylinder
b

∫ σ ( 2π r ) dr = c π ( b − a ) = 0
b
2 2
Pi
a z 3

¾ ∴c3 = σz = 0
„ Substitute Pressure
Boundary Conditions
1 − ν a 2 pi − b 2 pe
c1 =
E b2 − a2
1 + ν a b ( pi − pe )
2 2

c2 =
E b2 − a2

10 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders (cont.)
Pe
„ Lamé Equations
a

a 2 pi − b 2 pe ( pi − pe ) a b
2 2
b
σr = − Pi
b2 − a2 (
b2 − a2 r 2 )
a 2 pi − b 2 pe ( pi − pe ) a b
2 2

σθ = +
b2 − a2 (
b2 − a2 r 2 )
u=
( 2

+
)
1 − ν a pi − b pe r 1 + ν ( pi − pe ) a b
2 2 2

E b −a
2 2
E b2 − a2 r ( )
τ max =
σθ − σ r
=
( pi − pe ) a 2b 2
2 (b 2
)
− a2 r 2

Conditions for largest τmax?

11 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Thick-Walled Cylinders (cont.)
Pe
„ Principal Stresses
σr, σθ
a
¾
b
¾ τmax on 45°
Pi

„ Pressure to
Initiate Yielding
(Tension)
σy
τ max =
2

py =
( b 2
)
− a2 σ y
2b 2

12 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Hoop Stress Comparison
„ D/t Ratio

13 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Hoop Stress Comparison
„ Through
Thickness

14 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
Example 9-01
„ Calculate the minimum wall thickness using thin wall theory,
Barlow’s equation and Lamé equation using the outside diameter
¾ Do = 0.762; Pi = 20MPa; Pe = 2MPa; φ = 0.80
¾ E = 205GPa; σy = 448MPa; ν = 0.3

„ Thin wall theory tmin ≥

( pi − pe ) Do
¾ tmin = 18.0mm 2φσ y + pi

„ Barlow pi Do
¾ tmin = 21.2mm tmin ≥
2φσ y
„ Lamé
1 2 t 1
¾ tmin = 19.1mm t − + =0
Do2 Do ⎛ φ σ y + pe ⎞
2 ⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ pi − pe ⎠

15 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09
References
„ Ugural, A.C. and Fenster, S.K. (2003).
Advanced Strength and Applied Elasticity,
4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 544p.

16 © 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 09