PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ELASTICITY
VS
TEMPERATURE

Submitted by : P.ABISHEK
Class & Sec : 12-B2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of any task would be incomplete

without mentioning the names of those persons who helped to

make it possible. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude in

few words and respect to all those who helped me in the

completion of this project. It is my humble pleasure to

acknowledgement my deep senses of gratitude to my Physics

teacher,Mr.MARI AYYAPPAN for his valuable support, constant

help and guidance at each and every stage, without which this

project would not have come forth.

 Certificate

This is to certify that , this physics investigatory project on the

topic “ELASTICITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE” has been
successfully completed by P.ABISHEK of class XII B2 under
the guidance of Mr. MARI AYYAPPAN (P.G Physics) at
Velammal Vidhyashram , Surapet for the partial fulfillment of
Physics Practical at the curriculum of AISSCCE - CBSE,
New Delhi during the academic year 2019-2020.

Teacher in - charge

Signature of External Examiner Signature of Internal Examiner

Signature of Principal
CONTENTS:

1. Basic knowledge

2. Abstract

3. Purpose

4. Hypothesis

5. Materials required

6. Procedure

7. Observation

8. Conclusion

9. Bibliography
Basic knowledge

In physics, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting

influence and to return to its original size and shape when that
influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when
adequate forces are applied to them. If the material is elastic,
the object will return to its initial shape and size when these
forces are removed. Hooke's law states that the force should be
proportional to the extension. The physical reasons for elastic
behavior can be quite different for different materials. In metals,
the atomic lattice changes size and shape when forces are
applied (energy is added to the system). When forces are
removed, the lattice goes back to the original lower energy
state. For rubbers and other polymers, elasticity is caused by
the stretching of polymer chains when forces are applied.
Perfect elasticity is an approximation of the real world. The
most elastic body in modern science found is quartz
fibre and phosphor bronze, but even this is not a perfect elastic
body. The perfect elastic body is an ideal concept only. Most
materials which possess elasticity in practice remain purely
elastic only up to very small deformations. In engineering, the
amount of elasticity of a material is determined by two types of
material parameter. The first type of material parameter is
called a modulus, which measures the amount of force per unit
area needed to achieve a given amount of deformation. The SI
unit of a modulus is the pascal (Pa). A higher modulus typically
indicates that the material is harder to deform. The second type
of parameter measures the elastic limit, the maximum stress
that can arise in a material before the onset of permanent
deformation. Its SI unit is also the pascal (Pa).

Abstract
The objective: The purpose of my project is to determine the
effect of different temperatures on the elasticity of rubber
bands.
Rubber comes from and is collected in one way. Natural rubber
is taken from a tree called "Hevea brasiliensis" which originated
in the Amazon rain forests. In 1876 H.A. Wickham brought
seeds of the Hevea tree from Brazil to Kew Gardens, which was
near London. The seeds were then given to India, Ceylon,
British Malaya, and other countries. The tree takes about five
years to grow from a seedling to a point that it can start to
produce rubber. It has a lifespan of about 25 to 30 years.
Purpose
To compare the height of a rubber band when stretched before
and after exposed to various temperatures.

Hypothesis
I hypothesize that if the rubber band is stretched after being
exposed to hotter temperatures, the height of its stretch will be
bigger than after it has been exposed to colder temperatures.
Materials
• Rubber bands(selectum brand)
• Weights
• Hot water
• Pot
• Refrigerator
• Ruler (30 cm)
• Hook

Procedure

1. Take out rubber band from the box and group them into
three for three trials at each temperature.
2. Place the first three rubber bands in a room temperature
for 10 minutes. This will be the main temperature for the
experiment.
3. Take one rubber band from the three and cut it at a point.
4. Take a hook and attach it to the edge of a surface with
tape so that it does not fall.
5. Tie one end of the rubber band and attach it to the hook
and attach the other end to a weight.
6. Wait till the band stop moving and is still, than measure the
band after stretched, with a 30 cm ruler.
7. Record the height and write it on a sheet of paper so that
you do not forget.
8. Then take out the next two rubber bands from the room
temperature setting and repeat the steps.
9. Repeat steps 2 and 8 for the rubber bands in boiling water
and the freezer.
10. Record the average heights of the rubber bands for
all three trials for each temperature setting.
11. Compare the average height of the bands when they
were placed in a refrigerator and boiling water to the
bands placed in room temperature.
12. Observe what difference you see in the heights
stretch of the rubber bands for all of the above trials.
Observations

Conclusion
In conclusion, rubber bands when placed in
warm temperatures stretch more. But when a rubber band
is placed in cold temperatures, the rubber band will stretch
less. I hypothesized that the rubber bands would stretch
more when heated and less when cooled. That is exactly
what happened. The average height of the bands when
heated was much higher than when they cooled.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.1000sciencefairprojects.com/Physics/elasticity-vs-
temperature.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)

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