Student Student ID

Saqib Jivani 15299

Muhammad Ali 12898

Preface
It is a great opportunity for me to have the bachelor of commerce in KASBIT In the
accomplishment of this degree I am submitting a project report on Electronic Gadgets. Subject
to the limitation of time effort and resources every possible attempt has been made to study
the problem deeply. The whole project is measured through the informative the data further
analyzed and interpreted and the result was obtained.
The whole project has been divided in to 4 Chapter.

⮚ Introduction
⮚ History
⮚ Type and Explanation
⮚ Conclusion
Brief History of Electronics and Its Development
In this 21st century, every day we are dealing with the electronic circuits and devices in some or
the other forms because gadgets, home appliances, computers, transport systems, cell phones,
cameras, TV, etc. all have electronic components and devices. Today’s world of electronics has
made deep inroads in several areas, such as healthcare, medical diagnosis, automobiles,
industries, electronics projects etc. and convinced everyone that without electronics, it is really
impossible to work.
Therefore, looking forward to know the past and about the brief history of electronics is
necessary to revive our minds and to get inspired by those individuals who sacrificed their lives
by engaging themselves in such amazing discoveries and inventions that costs everything for
them, but nothing for us, and, in turn, benefitted us immensely since then.
Brief History of Electronics and Its Development
Electronics’ actual history began with the invention of vacuum diode by J.A. Fleming, in 1897;
and, after that, a vacuum triode was implemented by Lee De Forest to amplify electrical signals.
This led to the introduction of tetrode and pentode tubes that dominated the world until the
World War II.
Subsequently, the transistor era began with the junction transistor invention in 1948. Even
though, this particular invention got a Nobel Prize, yet it was later replaced with a bulky
vacuum tube that would consume high power for its operation. The use of germanium and
silicon semiconductor materials made theses transistor gain the popularity and wide-
acceptance usage in different electronic circuits.
The subsequent years witnessed the invention of the integrated circuits (ICs) that drastically
changed the electronic circuits’ nature as the entire electronic circuit got integrated on a single
chip, which resulted in low: cost, size and weight electronic devices. The years 1958 to 1975
marked the introduction of IC with enlarged capabilities of over several thousand components
on a single chip such as small-scale integration, medium-large scale and very-large scale
integration ICs.
And the trend further carried forward with the JFETS and MOSFETs that were developed during
1951 to 1958 by improving the device designing process and by making more reliable and
powerful transistors.

The 49 Most Influential Gadgets

1. Google Glass
2. Makerbot Replicator
3. Segway
4. Yamaha Clavinova Digital Piano
5. DJI Phantom
6. Raspberry Pi
7. Nest Thermostat
8. Osborne 1
9. Fitbit
10. Roku Netflix Player
11. Sony Discman D-50
12. Oculus Rift
13. Apple iBook
14. Motorola Dynatac 8000x
15. Palm Pilot
16. HP DeskJet
17. Nokia 3210
18. Jerrold Cable Box
19. Sony PlayStation
20. Toshiba DVD Player
21. TiVo
22. Amazon Kindle
23. Polaroid Camera
24. Commodore 64
25. Apple iPad
26. BlackBerry 6210
27. Phonemate 400 Answering Machine
28. TomTom GPS
29. IBM Thinkpad 700C
30. Motorola Droid
31. JVC VideoMovie Camcorder
32. Motorola Bravo Pager
33. IBM Selectric Typewriter
34. Nintendo Game Boy
35. Nintendo Entertainment System
36. US Robotics Sportster 56K Modem
37. Atari 2600
38. Philips N1500 VCR
39. Canon Pocketronic Calculator
40. Magic Wand
41. Apple iPod
42. Kodak Brownie Camera
43. Regency TR-1 Transistor Radio
44. Victrola Record Player
45. IBM Model 5150
46. Sony Walkman
47. Apple Macintosh
48. Sony Trinitron
49. Apple iPhone
Google Glass

Google Glass, which cost $1,500 for those invited to a sort of public beta test, never
took off. The relatively powerful head-mounted computer provided important signals
for the future of wearable technology. Glass showed that designers working on
computing devices that are worn face a different set of assumptions and challenges.
Segway

Segway an electric scooter designed to

make walking obsolete. (Recently, the
idea has been somewhat revived by the
emergence of so-called hover boards,
which are now also entering a kind of
post-fad twilight.) The Segway’s
symbolic impact greatly exceeded its
commercial success. Unit sales never
exceeded the six-figure mark before the
firm was purchased by a Chinese
interest in 2015 for an undisclosed sum.

DJI Phantom

Small drones may soon be delivering

our packages, recording our family get-
togethers and helping first responders
find people trapped in a disaster. For
now, they’re largely playthings for
hobbyists and videographers. Chinese
firm DJI makes the world’s most
popular, the Phantom lineup. Its latest
iteration, the Phantom 4, uses so-
called computer vision to see and
avoid obstacles without human
intervention. That makes it easier for rookie pilots to fly one, making drones more accessible
than ever.
Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer

with a price tag to match its tiny size: about
$35, without a monitor, mouse or keyboard.
Not meant to replace everyday computers, the
Pi is being used in classrooms worldwide to
help students learn programming skills. With
eight million Pi’s sold as of last year

Roku Netflix Player

An inexpensive upstart running

Linux, Roku’s hockey-puck sized
Netflix-and-more video streaming
box emerged out of nowhere in
2010 to rally waves of cord-cutters
who cancelled their cable
Sony Discman D-50

Following up on the success of the Walkman, Sony

unveiled this portable CD player in 1984, just a year
after the music industry adopted the format. The
device and later portable CD players helped the
compact disc usurp cassettes as the dominant music
format in the United States in less than a decade.

Apple iBook

The iBook’s brightly-colored, plastic trim may look

dated now, but it was the first laptop to offer
wireless networking. Apple’s consumer-oriented
portable—for its cool-factor as well as its
technology—grew into a serious business.

Motorola Dynatac 8000x

Motorola’s Dynatac 8000x was the first truly portable cellphone

when it launched in 1984. Marty Cooper, an engineer with
Motorola at the time, first demonstrated the technology by
making what’s regarded as the first public cellular phone call
from a New York City sidewalk in 1973.
HP DeskJet

Obsoleting noisy, lousy dot matrix

technology, devices like 1988’s HP DeskJet
gave computer owners the ability to quietly
output graphics and text at a rate of two
pages per minute. The DeskJet wasn’t the
first inkjet on the market, but with a $995
price tag, it was the first one many home PC
users bought. Over the 20 years following
the product’s launch, HP sold more than 240
million printers in the DeskJet product line,
outputting Christmas letters, household
budgets, and book reports by the millions.

Nokia 3210

For many, Nokia’s colorful candy bar-shaped 3210

defined the cell phone after it was released in 1999.
With more than 160 million sold, it became a bestseller
for the Finnish company.
Sony PlayStation

You’d be hard pressed to name a single

PlayStation feature that by itself
transformed the games industry. It’s been
Sony’s obsession with compacting high-end
tech into sleek, affordable boxes, then
making all that power readily accessible to
developers, that’s made the PlayStation
family an enduring icon of the living room.

Toshiba DVD Player

Electronics manufacturers were already fiddling

with standalone optical storage in the early
1990s, but the first to market was Toshiba’s SD-
3000 DVD player in November 1996.
Polaroid Camera

Millennials get plenty of flak over their penchant for

instant gratification. But that’s a desire that crosses
generations. Need proof? When the first affordable,
easy-to-use instant shooter, the Polaroid OneStep
Land camera, hit the market in 1977, it quickly
became the country’s best-selling camera, 40 years
before “Millennials” were a thing.

Apple iPad

The iPad’s 2010 launch spurred a slew of headlines questioning

whether or not the tablet would replace the laptop as the most
important personal computer. Apple’s iPad wasn’t the first
tablet, but it was radically different from what came before.
Earlier devices, like the GriDPad and Palm Pilot, had smaller
touchscreens users had to operate with a stylus.

BlackBerry 6210

BlackBerry made pocket-sized gadgets for accessing email on-the-

go before the 6210, but this was the first to combine the Web-
browsing and email experience with the functionality of a phone.
The 6210 let users check email, make phone calls, send text
messages, manage their calendar, and more all from a single
device.
Motorola Droid

Other Android-powered smartphones existed before the

Droid launched in 2009, but this was the first one
popular enough to push Android into the spotlight.
Verizon is said to have poured $100 million into
marketing the device.

Philips N1500 VCR

Though it took a long, winding road to mass

market success, the videocassette recorder,
or VCR, got its start in 1972 with Philips’
release of the N1500.

Apple iPod

There were MP3 players before the iPod, sure, but it was Apple’s
blockbuster device that convinced music fans to upgrade from their CD
players en masse.
Victrola Record Player

Though the phonograph was invented in 1877, it was

the Victor Talking Machine Company’s Victrola that
first made audio players a staple in most people’s
homes.

IBM Model 5150

What would the computer market look like today

without the IBM PC? Sure, the world had
personal computers before the 5150 was
introduced in 1981.
Sony Walkman

Sony’s Walkman was the first music player to combine

portability, simplicity and affordability. While vinyl
records were still the most popular music format, the
Walkman—originally the “Sound-About” in the United
States—played much smaller cassettes and was small
enough to fit in a purse or pocket.

Apple Macintosh

Will Big Blue dominate the entire computer

industry? The entire information age? Was
George Orwell right about 1984?” That’s how
Steve Jobs introduced the ad heralding the arrival
of the Macintosh. With its graphical user
interface, easy-to-use mouse and overall friendly
appearance, the Macintosh was Apple’s best
hope to take on IBM.

Sony Trinitron

Renowned journalist Edward R. Murrow famously

described television as “nothing but wires and lights in
a box.” Of all such boxes, Sony’s Trinitron—launched in
1968 as color TV sales were finally taking off—stands at
the fore of memorable sets, in part for its novel way of
merging what to that point had been three separate
electron guns. The Trinitron was the first TV receiver to
win a vaunted Emmy award, and over the next quarter
century, went on to sell over 100 million units
worldwide.
Apple iPhone

Apple was the first company to put a truly powerful

computer in the pockets of millions when it launched
the iPhone in 2007. Smartphones had technically existed
for years, but none came together as accessibly and
beautifully as the iPhone. Apple’s device ushered in a new
era of flat, touchscreen phones with buttons that
appeared on screen as you needed them, replacing the
chunkier phones with slide-out keyboards and static
buttons.