HYDROELECTRICITY

ELEMENTS:

Hydroelectricity - It is the electricity made by the generators that are pushed by movement of
water.

Pumped Storage Hydroelectricity - It is a style of hydroelectric energy used by electric power

systems for load balancing.

Diversion - It is also called as run-off-river facility channels a portion of a river through a canal or
penstick.

Impoundment - A power plant that have the storage supplied with water from large reservoir that
has been developed by constructing dams across rivers.

Penstick - A long pipe or shaft that carries the water flowing from the reservoir towards the power
generation unit.

Inlet Gates - These are gates built on the inside of the dam.

Water Reservoir - Located from the highest point then the rest of the dam structure.

Dam - The most important component of the Hydroelectric Power Plant.

675,100 - The amount of electric capacity produced by water.

Hydroelectric Power Plant - It is a facility that produces electricity through flowing water.
PROBLEM SOLVING:

1.) In a hydro-electric power plant, the tail water level fixes at 400 meters. The net head is 30
meters and head loss 4% of the gross head. What is the head water elevation?

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2.) The flow of a river is 20 𝑠𝑒𝑐 and produces a total brake of 6000 KW. If it is proposed to install
two turbines each has 90% efficiency, what is the available head?

3.) For a proposed hydro-electric power plant, the tail water and head water evaluation is 160
𝑚³
meters and 195 meters, respectively. If available flow is 10𝑠𝑒𝑐 and head loss of 5% of water

available head, what is the water power?

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4.) The penstick of hydro-electric plant is 0.5x0.5 meters with velocity of 5.5 𝑠𝑒𝑐 has a head of

20 meters. What is the output of the turbine if turbine efficiency is 87%

5.) A pelton type turbine was installed 30 meters below the head gate of the penstick. The head
loss due to friction is 5% of the given elevation. The length of penstick is 80 meters and
coefficient of friction is 0.00093. Determine the power output in KW.