Introduction to Database Systems

CS-242
Dr. Jamal Abdul Nasir
Spring 2019

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 SQL Command Window

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 Basic SELECT Statement

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 SELECT Statement with a Condition

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 Communicating with DBMS

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 SELECT Keyword
v SELECT is one of the most important keyword in SQL.
v You use SELECT to retrieve information from the
database. When you learn how to use SELECT, you've
opened the door to the database.
v Imagine a database containing information about
movies such as title, genre, studio, producer, release
date, series, country, language, rating, running time,
and so on.
v What if you only wanted the titles of movies created
in Pakistan?
v The SELECT statement allows you to search for
specific data.
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 SELECT Statement
v The SELECT statement retrieves information from the
database.

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 Capabilities of SELECT Statements

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 Projection and Selection

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 Selecting All Columns

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 Selecting All Columns

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 Projecting Specific Columns

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 Using Arithmetic Operators
v Using a few simple rules and guidelines, you can
construct SQL statements that are both easy to read
and easy to edit.
v Knowing the rules will make learning SQL easy.
v You may need to modify the way in which data is
displayed, perform calculations, or look at what-if
scenarios.
v For example, "What if every employee was given a 5%
raise?
v How would that affect our yearly profit figures?"

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 Using Arithmetic Operators

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 Using Arithmetic Operators

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 Precedence in Arithmetic Operators

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 Precedence in Arithmetic Operators

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 NULL Values
v In SQL, NULL is an interesting word.
v To understand NULL, you have to know what NULL is
and what NULL is not.
v NULL is a value that is unavailable, unassigned,
unknown, or inapplicable.
v NULL is not the same as a zero or a space.
v In SQL, a zero is a number, and a space is a character.

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 NULL Values
v Sometimes, you don't know the value for a column.
v In a database, you can store unknowns in your
databases.
v Relational databases use a placeholder called NULL or
null to represent these unknown values.

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 Null Values

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 Null Values

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