Introduction

Conceptual Understanding of Terms:

These terms have been explained to determine that in what sense they will be used in this
study.
Politics:
The term ‘politics’ traces its origin in the word ‘polis’ the city state community of ancient
Greece. To Plato and Aristotle, politics meant the understanding and participating in the
affairs of the polis i.e., the city state. Politics is therefore only one of the several social
activities of man. The essence of it lies in fundamental freedom of man in society to
master his own fate by political means. [1] Politics is thus ‘the process through which
man orders the society in which he lives according to his political ideas about the ends of
man”. According to Harold D. Lass well politics means “who gets what, when and
how”.[2] Karl Marx and his followers saw politics as nothing more than a reflection of
prevailing economic conditions, especially of economic technology and the distribution
of the ownership of capital.[3] In short politics is an organized dispute about powers and
its use, involving choice among competing values, ideas of persons, interests and
demands. The study of politics is concerned with the description and analysis of the
manner in which power is obtained, exercised and controlled, the purpose for which it is
used, the manner in which decisions are made and the context in which those decisions
take place.[4] Since the selection of the significant and relevant subject matter of politics
depends on changing goals and interests; the proper subjects for its study—whether
institutions, behavior, power, decisions or interests—always require personal
interpretation.
Political
Political is being taken as something pertaining to the behavioral aspect of social life i.e.,
participation in electoral process, political recruitment and active role in the process of
policy and decision making of political system. Ever since Aristotle advanced the thesis
that human beings are by nature political and have the tendency to fold the social into
political. Thus people are social in nature and have shared meanings and purposes.[5]
The word ‘political’ has been defined in the compact edition of the Oxford English
Dictionary as “belonging or pertaining to the state or body of citizens, its government and
policy, especially in civil and secular affairs; or pertaining to the science or art of
politics”.[6]
political parties of Dir

Ahmed, Akbar S., Pukhtun Economy and Society: Traditional structure and Economic
Development in a Tribal Society, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1980.
Ahmed, Manzooruddin, Contemporary Pakistan, Royal Book Company,Karachi, 1982.
Ahmed, Mushtaq, Government and Politics in Pakistan, Royal Book Company, Karachi,
1988.
Ahmed, Saghir, Class and Power in a Punjabi Village, Lahore, 1977.
Afzal, Rafiq, Political Parties in Pakistan , Vol.i, National Commission on Historical and Cultural
Research, Islamabad,1986.
6. Afzal, Rafiq, Political Parties in Pakistan,Vol.ii, National Commission on Historical and Cultural
Research, Islamabad,1998.