I.

Introduction Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

A. Background
Mental illness has become one of the most common problems faced by the
world. Mental illnesses are health conditions involving changes in emotion,
thinking or behavior or a combination of these (Parekh). It is associated with
distress and problems functioning in social, work or family activities. Mental illness
does not discriminate, it can affect anyone regardless of your age, gender,
geography, income, social status, race or ethnicity, religion or spirituality, sexual
orientation, background or other aspect of cultural identity. While mental illness
can occur at any age. In order to dig into the case of mental illness among
Sampoerna University students, one should understand what mental illness is,
identify the classifications, know the causes, and infer the effects on students’ life.
Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

B. Purpose
1. To identify the causes of the mental illness in Sampoerna University.
2. To infer the effects of mental illness on student’s university life.
Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

C. Theories
1. Definition of Mental Illness
Mental disorders or mental illnesses are difficulties that must be
faced by someone because of their relationship with others, difficulties
due to their perception of life and their attitude towards themselves
(Budiman, 2010).
2. Classification of Mental Illness
The most common types of mental disorders according to Health Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.75", First line: 0.25", Space
Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt
Direct are:
Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

a. Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by
significant feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is a worry about future
events, and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause
 physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness. There are
several anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, specific
phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia,
panic disorder, and selective mutism. The disorder differs by what results
in the symptoms. People often have more than one anxiety disorder.
Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

b. Mood Disorders
Some examples of mood disorders include: Formatted: Space After: 0 pt

 Major depressive disorder — prolonged and persistent

periods of extreme sadness
 Bipolar disorder — also called manic depression or bipolar
affective disorder, depression that includes alternating times
of depression and mania
 Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) — a form of depression
most often associated with fewer hours of daylight in the far
northern and southern latitudes from late fall to early spring
 Cyclothymic disorder — a disorder that causes emotional
ups and downs that are less extreme than bipolar disorder
 Premenstrual dysphoric disorder — mood changes and
irritability that occur during the premenstrual phase of a
woman's cycle and go away with the onset of menses
 Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) — a long-term
(chronic) form of depression
 Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder — a disorder of
chronic, severe and persistent irritability in children that
often includes frequent temper outbursts that are inconsistent
with the child's developmental age
 Depression related to medical illness — a persistent
depressed mood and a significant loss of pleasure in most or
all activities that are directly related to the physical effects
of another medical condition
  Depression induced by substance use or medication ―
depression symptoms that develop during or soon after
substance use or withdrawal or after exposure to a
medication
 Formatted: Indent: Left: 2.5", Space After: 0 pt, No
bullets or numbering
3. Causes and Symptoms of Mental Illness
Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt
a. Causes
Mental illnesses, in general, are thought to be caused by a
variety of genetic and environmental factors (WebMD). Mental
illnesses sometimes run in families, suggesting that people who have
a family member with a mental illness may be somewhat more likely
to develop one themselves. Susceptibility is passed on in families
through genes. Experts believe many mental illnesses are linked to
abnormalities in many genes rather than just one or a few and that
how these genes interact with the environment is unique for every
person (even identical twins). Therefore, a person inherits a
susceptibility to mental illness and does not necessarily develop the
illness. Mental illness itself occurs from the interaction of multiple
genes and other factors -- such as stress, abuse, or a traumatic event
-- which can influence, or trigger, an illness in a person who has an
inherited susceptibility to it.
In addition, certain infections have been linked to brain
damage and the development of mental illness or the worsening of
their symptoms. For example, a condition known as pediatric
autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder (PANDA) associated with
the Streptococcus bacteria has been linked to the development of
obsessive-compulsive disorder and other mental illnesses in
children. Also, effects in or injury to certain areas of the brain have
been linked to some mental illnesses.
Some evidence suggests that a disruption of early fetal brain
development or trauma that occurs at the time of birth. For example,
 loss of oxygen to the brain may be a factor in the development of
certain conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder. Long-term
substance abuse, in particularly, has been linked to anxiety,
depression, and paranoia. Another factor is poor nutrition and
exposure to toxins, such as lead, may play a role in the development
of mental illnesses.
Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

b. Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the
disorder, circumstances and other factors. Mental illness symptoms can
affect emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.
Examples of signs and symptoms include feeling sad or down,
confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate, excessive fears or
worries, or extreme feelings of guilt, extreme mood changes of highs and
lows, withdrawal from friends and activities, significant tiredness, low
energy or problems sleeping, detachment from reality (delusions), paranoia
or hallucinations, inability to cope with daily problems or stress, trouble
understanding and relating to situations and to people, problems with
alcohol or drug use, major changes in eating habits, sex drive changes,
excessive anger, hostility or violence, and suicidal thinking (Mayo Clinic).
Sometimes symptoms of a mental health disorder appear as physical
problems, such as stomach pain, back pain, headaches, or other unexplained
aches and pains.
Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

4. Effects of Mental Illness among Sampoerna University Students

D. Research Questions
1. What are the cases of mental illness occurred in Sampoerna University?
2. What are the symptoms that are suffered by Sampoerna University students?
3. How does mental illness affect Sampoerna University students in university
life? Formatted: Pattern: Clear

3. Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.48", No bullets or

numbering
 II. Body Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

A. The Cases of Mental Illness in Sampoerna University

1. Anxiety

Based on the graph from 52 respondents, we could see that most of the
respondents chose the scale 7 and 8. This shows that most of them are struggling
with anxiety. Scale 1 to 5 means that the students do not have problem with anxiety
while scale 6 to 10 shows that they are suffering anxiety. From the chart, we can
see that 30 out of 52 students are facing anxiety. As a sample, one of the students
named Vira has experienced this symptom. When she was doing the examination,
she was anxious that she would get a low score. It made her difficult to sleep
because she could not stop thinking about it.
 2. Easily Annoyed

Based on the graph, we could see that most of the respondents chose the
scale 7. This graph shows that 30 out of 52 students often feel annoyed. Some of
them find everything irritating while some of them feel uncomfortable for no
reason. Scale of 1 until 5 means sometimes feel annoyed while scale 6 until 10
means often feel annoyed. Thus, among Sampoerna University 7 scale is the highest
while the scale 2 and 10 are the lowest.

3. Trouble in Relaxing
 The chart shows that 23 people answered 1 to 5 while 29 of them answered
6 to 10. There is 1 respondent in the scale of 1. Scale 2 and 4 have 3 respondents
while 8 respondents chose the scale 3 and 5. Scale of 6 and 7 have 9 respondents,
and for the scale of 8, there are 7 respondents. From the data, we can conclude that
more than 50% of SU students are having problems with relaxing.

4. Worry about something

This chart shows us that 39 of the students stated that they often worry about
something and only a few students answered 1 to 5. Thus, more than 50% of
Sampoerna University students have worried problems that influence their studies.

From all of the graphs, we can conclude that most of the students at Sampoerna University
show the symptoms of mental illness. From the first and second graph, there are 30 students chose
the scale 6 to 10, while 29 and 39 students chose the scale 6 to 10 in the third and fourth graph.
The data shows that they often feel irritated, worried, and often have trouble in relaxing. In other
words, 61.5% of Sampoerna University students have the possibility of having mental illness.
B. The Effects of Mental Illness to Sampoerna University Students

Mental illness affects the students in many aspects such as grades, class
performance, social life, etc. Based on the questionnaire, mental illness has an impact on
20 students so much, impact on 20 students normally and 11 students stated that mental
illness does not have any effects on them. One of the respondents said that she ever got
45% in a subject because she was facing a family problem. Another student said that she
once felt annoyed to talk to people for no reason. 18 of the students said that it makes them
difficult on concentrating in class because they feel stress. 13 of them stated that it ruins
their schedules, messes up their mood and emotions, leads to other health problems such
as difficulty in taking to take a rest and panic, makes them feel tired and sad even though
they do not do anything. While the rest said it does not really affect them. We also find the
fact that 35 students show the symptoms of mental illness and 18 of them are not aware of
it.

C. The Factor of Mental Illness

Mental illnesses are caused by internal and external factors while the symptoms
depend on the cases. 8 of the respondents stated that they often feel annoyed because of
family problems. The rest of it said that they feel that way because of university problems
such as having difficult courses and assignments. 33 students chose mathematical courses
as the most difficult one and 15 students chose literature courses as the cause of their
uncomfortable feeling. For example, someone having bad experience in something can be
caused them to think about it too much.

III. Conclusion Commented [WW1]: In this part, you’re supposed to add

suggestions, too. Here, what you did is only providing a
Mental illness is one of the crucial problems faced by people in the world, especially for summary of the result.

students, it affects students in many ways such as student’s score, social life, and health. In Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt, After: 0 pt

the student’s score, mental illness makes students feel lazy, decreases his or her
concentration and leads students to procrastinate in doing their assignments and study. In
social life, students become easily annoyed, anxious, and worry about something too much.
It makes students feel unease in socialize socializing with other people. In student’s health,
mental illness caused students to worry about something too much which makes them feel
overtired.