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حل تمرذین فصل 1 سیاورمن
حل تمرذین فصل 1 سیاورمن
ﺗﺎﺑﻊ
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(١) ﺣﻞ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ٢
42 ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ
.( داﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ زﯾﺮ را ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ1)
1) f ( x ) = x2 + 1
D f = R x2 + 1 ≥ o ⇒ :ﺣﻞ
1
2) f( x) =
2
x − 5 x + 21
25 59 5 59
x2 − 5 x + 21 = x2 − 5 x + + = ( x − )2 + > 0 ⇒ D f = R :ﺣﻞ
4 4 2 4
x
3) f( x) =
x
D f = (o, +∞) :ﺣﻞ
1
4) f ( x) = x2 − 7x + 12= 0⇒ x1 = 4, x2 = 3
x − 7x + 12
2
⇒ D f = ( −∞ ,3 ) U ( 4 ,+∞ )
1 1 7
5) f( x) = ⇒ x2 − x + 2 = x2 − x + +
2
x − x+2 4 4
1 7
= ( x − )2 + > 0⇒ D f = R
2 4
x2
6) f ( x) = ⇒ D f = R − {o}
x
7) f ( x ) = x ⇒ D f = ( o ,+∞ )
( x2 + 2 x + 1 )( − x2 + x − 1 )
8) f( x) =
x2 − 5 x + 6
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٣ ﻓﺼﻞ دوم :ﺣﺪ و ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ
) ( x + 1 )2 ( − x2 + x − 1
= )⇒ f( x
) ( x − 2 )( x − 3
( x + 1 )2 ≥ 0 , − x2 + x − 1 < o ≤ oﺻﻮرت ﮐﺴﺮ ⇒
ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺨﺮج ﮐﺴﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺻﻔﺮ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ . 2 < x < 3
)⇒ D f = (2,3
x2 + 2x + 1
) 10 = )f( x }⇒ D f = R − {− 1
x +1
1
) 11 = )f( x ⇒ x≠ x ⇒ x<o ) ⇒ D f = ( −∞ ,o
3
| x− | x
x2
)2 = )f ( x }⇒ D f = R − {0
x
}⇒ x ∈ D f ⇒ f ( x) = x ⇒ Rf = R − {0
x −1
)3 = )f( x }{ ⇒ D f = R −
}{ = 1 , R f
1
x −1
)4 f ( x ) = {−x + 3 )∞x>1 ⇒ D f = (−∞,+
ﭼﻮن ﺗﺎﺑﻊ روي ] [− ∞,1ﺻﻌﻮدي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮد در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ] [− ∞,1اﺳﺖ و
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ﺣﻞ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ )(١ ٤
و ﭼﻮن ﺗﺎﺑﻊ روي )∞ (1,+ﻧﺰوﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮد در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ
)(−∞,−1+ 3) = (−∞,2
اﺳﺖ .ﭘﺲ ﺑﺮد ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﯾﻦ دو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ:
)R f = (−∞,2
x x<1
5 ) f( x) =
x + 1 x >1 }{ ⇒ D f = R −
1
) ∞R f = ( −∞ ,1 ) U ( 2,+
x2 − 4
)6 = )f( x }⇒ D f = R − {2
x−2
⇒ x∈ Df ⇒ f ( x ) = x + 2
}R f = R − { 4
ﭼﻮن ﻫﻤﻮاره دارﯾﻢ x ≤ xدر ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ x − x ≤ 0ﭘﺲ ﺟﺎﻫـﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻪ x = xاﺳـﺖ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ
ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺖ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ]∞. D f = [0,+
x ∈ D f ⇒ f ( x) = x − x = o }⇒ Rf = {o
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٥ ﻓﺼﻞ دوم :ﺣﺪ و ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ
x
f ( x) = , g ( x) = 1 (1
x
ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﭼﻮن D g = Rو } D f = R − {oﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ.
g ( x) = x (2و f ( x) = ( x )2
1 1
(f =) −1
x x
f ( x2 − 1) = x2 − 1− 1 = x2 − 2
f ( f (2)) = f ( 2 − 1) = f (1) = o
(5اﮔﺮ fﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ xو . f ( x + y) = f ( x) + f ( y) .y
)f ( n
را ﺑﯿﺎﺑﯿﺪ. اﮔﺮ nﻋﺪد ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و f (1) ≠ oﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﻘﺪار
)f (1
ﺣﻞ :
)f ( n ) = f (1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1) = f (1) + f (1) + ... + f (1
)= n f (1
)f ( n ) nf (1
⇒ = =n
)f (1 )f (1
f
(6در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﻮارد gog ، fof ، gof ، fog ، ، f + gرا ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ.
g
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(١) ﺣﻞ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ٦
. g (n) = x2 + 1 , f ( x) = x (اﻟﻒ
f + g ( x) = x + x2 + 1
f x
( x) = 2
g x +1
fog ( x) = f ( g ( x)) = x2 + 1
got ( x) = g ( f ( x)) = ( x )2 + 1 = x + 1
fof ( x) = f ( f (m)) = x =4 x
gog ( x) = g ( g ( x)) = ( x2 + 1)2 + 1 = x4 + 2x2 + 2
f ( x) = x , g ( x) = 4 − x2 (ب
f + g ( x) = x + 4 − x2
f x
( x) =
g 4 − x2
fog ( x) = 4 − x2
gof ( x) = 4 − ( x )2 = 4 − x
fof ( x) = x =4 x
gog ( x) = 4 − (4 − x2 )2 = 4 − (16 − 8 x2 + x4 ) = −4 + 8 x2 − x4
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٧ ﺣﺪ و ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ:ﻓﺼﻞ دوم
x +1 1
. f ( x) = , g ( x) = (ج
x −1 x
x+1 1
f + g( x ) = f ( x ) + g( x ) = +
x−1 x
x +1
f x − 1 x2 + x
( x) = =
g 1 x −1
x
1 x−1
gof ( x ) = f ( g ( x )) = =
x+1 x+1
x −1
1
+1
x x +1
fog( x ) = =
1 1− x
−1
x
x +1 x+2
+1
x+2
fof ( x ) = x − 1 = x − 1 =
x +1 2 2
−1
x −1 x −1
1
gog ( x ) = = x
1
x
1
. f ( x) = x2 , g ( x) = (د
x
1
f + g ( x) = x2 +
1 1x
gof ( x) = 2 =
( x) = x = x21x1x
f x 2
gfof ( x) = (1x2 )2 = x4
x
1 1
gog ( x) = = 1= 4 x 1
fog ( x) = f ( g1(n)) = 1( )2 =
x
x
4
xx
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(١) ﺣﻞ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ٨
:ﺣﻞ
x3 x<o x2 − x x<o
fg ( x) = f − g ( x) =
16 x≥o o x≥o
x2 x<o
x
2
x<o
f ( x) = , g ( x) = − x o ≤ x < 1 (ب
4 x≥o 4x
1< x
x2 x<o
: دارﯾﻢ، ﻣﯽﻧﻮﯾﺴﯿﻢf ( x) = 4 o ≤ x ≤ 1 را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرتf (x) اﺑﺘﺪا:ﺣﻞ
4 1< x
x4 x<o
fg( x ) = − 4 x o≤x
16 x 1< x
x2 − x x<o
وf − g ( x) =
o x≥o
x2 x<o
x2
x<o
f ( x) = , g ( x) = − x o ≤ x<1 (ب
4 x≥o 4x
1< x
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٩ ﻓﺼﻞ دوم :ﺣﺪ و ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ
{S
ج(
1
x x < −1
x − 1
2
x<o
f( x) = , g ( x ) = x2 + 1 −1 ≤ x < 2
4 x≥1
x+2 2< x
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ﺣﻞ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ )(١ ١٠
ﺣﻞ:
x1 + 3 x2 + 3
f ( x1) = f ( x2 ) ⇒ 3 =3
x1 − 3 x2 − 3
x1 + 3 x2 + 3 6 6
⇒ = ⇒ 1+ = 1+
x1 − 3 x2 − 3 x1 − 3 x2 − 3
1 1
⇒ = ⇒ x1 − 3 = x2 − 3
x1 − 3 x2 − 3
⇒ x1 = x2
ﭘﺲ fﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ اﺳﺖ.
ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً آﯾﺎ fو gوارون ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮﻧﺪ.
ﺣﻞ :ﺑﺎﯾﺪ D f = Rgو D g = R fﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
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١١ ﻓﺼﻞ دوم :ﺣﺪ و ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ
x+1
x>o
f ( x ) = xاﺳﺖ. ﺣﻞ( اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت
− x + 1
x
ﻫﺮ ﺟﺰء اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ و ﭘﻮﺷﺎﺳﺖ ،ﭼﻮن ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻤﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ اﺳﺖ.
f : R+ → R , f ( x) = x + 1 (2
2x + 1
}{ f : R −
1 →R , = )f ( x (4
x −1
ax + b
= ) f ( xروي داﻣﻨﻪاش ﺣﺘﻤﺎً ﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ اﺳﺖ. ﺣﻞ :ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت
cx + d
اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﻮﺷﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ .ﭼﻮن:
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ﺣﻞ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ )(١ ١٢
2x − 1
= )f ( x
x −1
اوﻻً :ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ fﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ اﺳﺖ.
ﺣﻞ:
2x − 2 + 1 1
= )f ( x =2+
x −1 x1 − 1
1 1
f ( x) = f ( x2 ) ⇒ 2+ = 2+
x1 − 1 x2 − 1
1 1
⇒ = ⇒ x1 − 1 = x2 − 1
x1 − 1 x2 − 1
⇒ x1 = x2
ﭘﺲ fﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ اﺳﺖ.
ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً aرا ﻃﻮري ﺑﯿﺎﺑﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ fﭘﻮﺷﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺣﻞ :ﺑﺎﯾﺪ } R f = R − {aرا در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﯾﻢ .اﺑﺘﺪا R fرا ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﯿﻢ:
2x − 1 1 1
=y = 2+ ⇒ = y −2
x −1 x −1 x −1
1 1
=⇒ x − 1 ⇒ x = 1+
y −2 y−2
}⇒ R f = R − {2 ⇒ a =2
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١٣ ﻓﺼﻞ دوم :ﺣﺪ و ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ
ب( . f ( x ) = x − 4
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