The Cavite Mutiny

One hundred and forty years ago, on January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe Arsenal in Cavite, Philippines, staged a mutiny
which in a way led to the Philippine Revolution in 1896. The 1872 Cavite Mutiny was precipitated by the removal of long-standing personal benefits to the
workers such as tax (tribute) and forced labor exemptions on order from the Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo.

Izquierdo replaced Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre some months before in 1871 and immediately rescinded Torre’s liberal measures and imposed his
iron-fist rule. He was opposed to any hint of reformist or nationalistic movements in the Philippines. He was in office for less than two years, but he will be
remembered for his cruelty to the Filipinos and the barbaric execution of the three martyr-priests blamed for the mutiny: Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos,
and Jacinto Zamora, later collectively called “Gomburza.”

The mutineers were led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid; they seized the Fort and killed the Spanish officers. Fearing a general uprising, the Spanish government in
Manila sent a regiment under General Felipe Ginoves to recover the Fort. The besieged mutiny was quelled, and many mutineers including Sgt. La Madrid were
killed. Later, others were sentenced to death or hard labor.

Izquierdo used the mutiny to implicate Gomburza and other notable Filipinos known for their liberal leanings. Prominent Filipinos such as priests, professionals,
and businessmen were arrested on flimsy and trumped-up charges and sentenced to prison, death, or exile. These include Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Jose Basa,
and Antonio M. Regidor. It was said that the Cavite mutineers got their cue from Manila when they saw and heard fireworks across the Manila Bay which was
really a celebration of the feast of the Lady of Loreto in Sampaloc.

When the Archbishop of Manila, Rev. Meliton Martinez, refused to cooperate and defrock the priests, the Spanish court-martial on February 15 went ahead and
maliciously found Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora guilty of treason for instigating the Cavite mutiny. Two days later, the three priests were put to death by
garrotte in Bagumbayan, now known as Luneta. (Garrote was a barbaric Spanish method of execution in which an iron collar was tightened around the
prisoner’s neck until death occurred.)

Father Burgos was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He was a parish priest of the Manila Cathedral and had been known to be close to the liberal
Governor General de la Torre. He was 35 years old at the time and was active and outspoken in advocating the Filipinization of the clergy. He was quoted as
saying, “Why shall a young man strive to rise in the profession of law or theology when he can vision no future for himself but obscurity?”

Father Zamora, 37, was also Spanish, born in the Philippines. He was the parish priest of Marikina and was known to be unfriendly to and would not
countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior from Spaniards coming from Spain. He once snubbed a Spanish governor who came to visit Marikina.

Father Gomez was an old man in his mid-’70, Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite. He held the most senior position of the three as Archbishop’s Vicar in Cavite. He
was truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly as though it were his penance for being pro-Filipinos.

The three priests were stripped of their albs, and with chained hands and feet were brought to their cells after their sentence. They received numerous visits
from folks coming from Cavite, Bulacan, and elsewhere. Forty thousand Filipinos came to Luneta to witness and quietly condemn the execution, and Gomburza
became a rallying catchword for the down-trodden Filipinos seeking justice and freedom from Spain.

In the dedication page of his second book, El Filibusterismo, published in 1891, Dr. Jose Rizal wrote, “I dedicate my work to you as victims of the evil which I
undertake to combat…”

It is well to remember that the seeds of nationalism that was sown in Cavite blossomed to the Philippine Revolution and later to the Declaration of
Independence by Emilio Aguinaldo which took place also in Cavite. As for me, the 1872 Cavite Mutiny bolstered the stereotypical belief that Caviteños were the
most courageous of my fellow Filipinos….

The Cavite Mutiny

Ang Pag-aalsá sa Cavite (o Cavite Mutiny sa Ingles) ay isang pag-aalsa noong 1872 ng umaabot sa 200 Filipinong sundalo at obrero sa arsenal sa Cavite.
Madaliang nasugpo ng pamahalaang kolonyal ang pag-aaklas ngunit naging makabuluhan ito sa kasaysayan dahil ginamit itong dahilan upang supilin ang mga
Filipinong makabayan at humihingi ng reporma sa pamahalaan. Ang pag-aalsa ang ginamit na batayan upang isakdal at bitayin ang tatlong paring Filipino na sina
José Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, at Mariano Gómez—o mas kilala bilang Gomburza—at ang kanilang pagkamartir ang higit na nagpaalab sa nasyonalismo ng mga
Filipino at magdudulot, sa huli, ng Himagsikang1896.

Pinaniniwalaang nag-ugat ang pag-aalsa sa pagpapataw ni Gobernador- Heneral Rafael de Izquierdo ng personal na buwis sa mga kawal at manggagawa,
samantalang dati na siláng hindi saklaw nitó. Isinaad ng buwis ang pagbabayad ng salapi at pagbibigay ng polo y servicio, o sapilitang trabaho. Nang natanggap
ng mga manggagawa ang kanilang sahod, binawasan na ito ng buwis. Sa pamumunò ni Fernando La Madrid, isang mestisong sarhento, nag-alsa silá noong 20
Enero 1872. Nakubkob nilá ang Fuerza San Felipe at pinaslang ang 11 Español na opisyal. Inakala ng mga nag-aklas na sasamahan silá ng mga sundalo sa Maynila.
Hudyat dapat ng simula ng labanan ang mga paputok mula sa Intramuros noong gabing iyon. Sa kasamaang palad, ang hudyat na kanilang nakita at sinunod ay
isa lamang pagpapaputok para sa pagdiriwang ng pista ng Birhen ng Loreto, ang patron ng Sampaloc. Sa pangambang simula ito ng mas malawakang rebolusyon,
isang pulutong ng mga sundalo sa pamumunò ni Heneral Felipe Ginoves ang lumusob sa moog ng San Felipe. Sumuko ang mga nag-aklas, kabilang si La Madrid,
at pinaputukan sila sa utos ni Ginoves.

Pagkatapos ng pag-aalsa, dinesarmahan ang lahat ng sundalo sa arsenal at ipinatapon sa Mindanao. Dinakip at binitay o ipinatápon ang mga pinaghinalaang
sumuporta sa pag-aaklas. Maraming mariwasa at ilustrado ang nadawit sa pag-aalsa. Ginamit itong dahilan ng pamahalaang kolonyal at mga fraileng Español
upang idawit ang tatlong paring tinagurian ngayon bilang Gomburza. Pagkatapos ng maigsi at kahina-hinalang paglilitis, binitay ang tatlong pari sa harap ng
publiko sa pamamagitan ng garote. Sa halip ikatákot, tinandaan ito ng mga patriyota na pruweba ng kalupitan ng mga mananakop. (PKJ)
Mutiny
- Revolt

The mutiny has 2 versions

- Spanish Version (Jose Montero Y. Vidal) (Historian)

Jose Burgos was the mastermind

- Gov. General Rafael Izquerdo (President present time)
- Maria Dela Torre (Failed to be a Gov. General)
- Secularization (Idio priest will govern the catholic churches and the friars will go back to spain)

The rebels wanted to overthrow the spanish government

The plan of the mutineers was to kill the friars

What happen to the mutiny itself?

Sino yung nag imeemeet nila?
- Get help to manila soldiers
- Plan to meet in sampaloc manila
- And burn tondo
- They say fireworks because of the Feast of Glorieta (Feast of the Lady of Loreto in sampaloc)
- They was celebrating chinese new year at tondo that time

GomBurZa
- they were garoted

Pardo de tavera
- according sakanya na hindi si jose burgos ang mastermind

Who was the master mind? According to Pardo de tavera?

- Sgt. Francisco Dela Madrid

What is the explanation of pardo de tavera why it os sgt. francisco dela madrid and why its not padre burgos?
- Kase he was the commanding officers of the cavite soldiers who munitied the spanish government

What is the reason of francisco dela madrid that cause the uprising of the government or caused the mutiny
There are 2 reasons:
- Polo y Servicio (Force labor)
- Tribute/tributo (High paying of taxes)

According to parde de tavera what is the reason why they blame it to Jose Burgos?
- If the friars will go back to spain, they will no have control in the philippines kasi masarap yung buhay nila dito sa ph kasi wala yung pope sa ph.