2-9-2019

“PORTFOLIO”

COURSE: Advanced Grammar 02

SUBJECT: Portfolio

TEACHER: Ms. Ginger Arica

SCHEDULE: 12:45 p.m – 4:21 p.m

STUDENT:

 CORTEGANA SAAVEDRA, Luis Sebastián

2019 – II
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INDEX

1. JOURNAL ENTRIES……………………………………………………………………………..2
1.1. Journal Entry N.1……………………………………………………………………………2
1.2. Journal Entry N.2……………………………………………………………………………3
1.3. Journal Entry N.3……………………………………………………………………………3
1.4. Journal Entry N.4……………………………………………………………………………5
1.5. Journal Entry N.5……………………………………………………………………………6
1.6. Journal Entry N.6……………………………………………………………………………6

2. GRAMMAR SUMMARIES………………………………………………………………………...7
2.1. Grammar Summary of Unit N.8……………………………………………………………7
2.2. Grammar Summary of Unit N.9…………………………………………………………...9
2.3. Grammar Summary of Unit N.10………………………………………………………..10

3. GRAMMAR IN MUSIC…………………………………………………………………………...11
3.1. Song N.1……………………………………………………………………………………..11
3.2. Song N.2……………………………………………………………………………………..12

ANNEXES…………………………………………………………………………………………….13

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1. JOURNAL ENTRIES
1.1. Journal Entry N.1

Date: Saturday, November 9th, 2019.

On this date we learned about the Count and Non-Count Noun.
We can separate them on:
 Proper Nouns
 Common Nouns
 Count and Non-Count Nouns
 Nouns with Count and Non-Count Meanings
 Non-Count Nouns made Countable

An example for Proper Nouns:

 Mel Brand is a physician.

An example for Common Nouns:

 The doctor is an expert.

An example for Count Nouns:

 One snack is refreshing.

An example for Non-Count Nouns:

 Rice is important.

An example for Count Meaning:

 There is a hair in my soup.

An example for Non-Count Meaning:

 Sandra has black hair.

An example for Non-Count Noun made Countable:

 Let me give you a piece of advice.

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1.2. Journal Entry N.2

Date: Saturday, November 16th, 2019.

On this date we learned about the Definite and Indefinite Articles.
The indefinite articles are A and An.
The Definite article is The.
We also can use the Zero Article that means No Article.

We use Indefinite Article when we have Singular Count Noun that can be Non-Specific or
Generic.
Example:
 The mountain gorilla is an endangered species.

We use the Zero Article when we have Plural Count Nouns, Non-Count Nouns and Proper
Nouns.
Examples:
 Africa has thousands of animal habitats. (Plural Count Noun)
 Water Pollution has a negative impact on animal habitats. (Non-Count Noun)
 Ms. Rodriguez spent a year in Africa. She worked in Cameroon and Nigeria. She now lives
in New York City. (Proper Noun)

We use the Definite Article when we have Singular Count Nouns, Plural Count Nouns, Non-
Count Nouns and Proper Nouns that can be Specific or Generic.
Examples:
 The polar bear it acquired is gigantic. (Singular Count Noun)
 The rain forests in South America are being cut down. (Plural Count Noun)
 Poaching has become a serious problem in those countries. (Non-Count Noun)
 Ms. Rodriguez crossed the Sahara. (Proper Noun)

1.3. Journal Entry N.3

Date: Saturday, November 23th, 2019.

On this date we learned about Quantifiers.
Quantifiers state the number or amount of something they can be single word or phrases.

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For Example:
 There are forty people in my calculus class.
 We can use Quantifiers with Count Nouns and with Non-Count Nouns.

For Count Noun we use:

 One
 Each
 Every
 Two
 Both
 A couple of
 Several
 Few
 A few
 Many
 A great many
 A number of

Examples:

 I study with several good friends

 He has few friends
 Are you taking many classes?

For Non-Count Non we can use:

 Little
 A little
 Much
 A great deal of
 A bit of

Examples:
 They have little money
 Does he do much studying?
 She does a great deal of studying

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And for Count Noun and Non-Count Nouns que can use in both cases:
 No
 Any
 Some
 Enough
 A lot of
 Lots of
 Plenty of
 Most
 All

Examples:
 They have some friends.
 You have enough money
 I have lots of appointments today.

Note: We use Some on sentences that are affirmative and Any on negative statements or
questions.

1.4. Journal Entry N.4

Date: Saturday, November 30th, 2019.

On this date we learned about the Modification of Nouns using an Adjective Modifier that
describes a Noun that we call a Noun Modifier. For Example:
I remember the wonderful Winter Olympics.
On this example the Adjective Modifier Is Wonderful and the Noun Modifier Is Winter.
We can Order the Modifiers by:

 Onion as “great or fascinating”.

 Size as “large or long”.
 Age as “new or young”.
 Shape as “round or square”.
 Color as “red or blue”.
 Origin as “French or Peruvian”.
 Material as “jade”.
 Purpose

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If we have several Modifiers we have to use a comma for example:

A serious, profound and heartwarming movie.

Also we can have compound modifiers for example:

The movie has lots of computer-generated scenes.

1.5. Journal Entry N.5

Date: Saturday, December 7th, 2019.
Today we learned about an introduction to the Adjective Clauses, we learned that if we
mention a person or an object multiples times on a sentence we can use a Relative Pronoun
that can simplify the subject or object an avoid repetition, the relatives pronouns that are
more used are:
 Whom
 Who
 That
 Witch
 Where
A sentence with relative’s pronouns can be separated in:
Main Clause + Adjective Clause

The preposition Who can replace any Subject for example:

 They met a woman who teaches physics.

In this case the relative pronoun refers to the woman.

The preposition That can replace any object or thing for example:
 The personality test that I took was very revealing.
In this case the relative pronoun refers to the test.

1.6. Journal Entry N.6

Date: Saturday, December 14th, 2019.
Today we learned about Adjective Clauses and Phrases, so on the previous class we
learned that we can use the relatives pronouns as Who or That to refer to a subject or an
object but avoiding repetition so on this class we learned that we can combine the Adjectives
Clauses with other types of grammar that we learned on previous classes.

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We also learned that Adjectives Clause can be combined with:

 Prepositions as: “To, For, About and Of”.

Example:

He´s the man to whom she was talking.

 Quantifiers as: “all, most, many, a number, some, a few, several, a couple, both and two”.

Example:

I have many friends most of whom are colleagues.

 Nouns as: “An example or a chapter”. Any noun that you can use.

Example:

I love her books a chapter of which just read.

2. GRAMMAR SUMMARIES
2.1. Grammar Summary of Unit N.8: GERUNDS
A gerund is a noun made from a verb. Gerunds and gerund phrases perform the same
functions as nouns.
To form a gerund we have to add “-ing” to the base form of the verb.
For example:
 Cooking is my hobby.

Add not before a gerund to make a negative statement.

For example:
 Not calling her was a big mistake.

Gerunds and gerund phrases often function as subject and subject complements.
For Example:
 Gardening is one of my hobbies.

Gerunds and gerund phrases often function as objects and objects complements.
For example:
 I can`t help feeling sorry for her.

Gerunds and gerund phrases often function as objects of prepositions.

Many preposition combinations are followed by gerunds:

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Like: verb + preposition

For example:
 They insisted on giving us a present.

Like: adjective + preposition

For example:
 She is good at making friends

In writing and more formal speaking, use a possessive noun or pronoun before a gerund to
show possession.
For example:
 His dominating every conversation bothers me.

Gerunds can occur in simple or past form

We often use a simple gerund to make a generalization.
For example:
 Making friends is a natural thing to do.

We often use a past gerund (having + past participle) to show an action that occurred before
the action of the main verb in the sentence.
For example:
 I realize now that my having gone to college is the reason I got this job.

Gerunds and gerund phrases can occur in passive form.

For present passive: being + past participle
For example:
 She hates being ignored.

For past passive: having been + past participle

For example:
 She`s still angry about having been ignored.

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2.2. Grammar Summary of Unit N.11: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES

Nouns can be indefinite or definite
Use the indefinite article, a/an, with indefinite singular count nouns.
Examples:
 Our city needs a good zoo.
 She wants to be an anthropologist.

Use the zero article with indefinite plural count nouns, indefinite non-count nouns, names of
people, names of most countries and habitual locations.
Examples:
 This area used to have wild animals.
 Platinum and gold are valuable minerals.
 Mr. Jama is a zoologist.
 Ngorongoro Crater is found in Tanzania,
 People spend most of their time at work, at school or at home.

Use the definite article “the” in a variety of different situations.

Use the with non-count nouns and singular and plural nouns that are definite for you and
your listener or reader.
Example:
 The food we had for lunch was terrible.

Use “the” with nouns that describe something unique:

Example:
 The world is certainly an interesting place.

You can also use “the” to talk about the following categories:
 Inventions
 Musical instruments
 Part of the body

Example:
 The wheel was invented thousands of years ago.

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2.3. Grammar Summary of Unit N.13: MODIFICATION OF NOUNS

Nouns can be modified both by adjectives and by other nouns.

Adjective and noun modifiers usually come before the noun they modify. The noun they
modify is called the head noun.

For example:
 Neymar is a famous Brazilian soccer player.

Adjective Modifier: famous Brazilian

Noun Modifier: Soccer

Head Noun: Player

Two common types of adjective modifiers are present participles and past participles.
Present participial modifiers, which end in “-ing”, often describe someone or something that
causes a feeling.

Example:
 It was a boring movie.

Past participial modifiers, which end in “-ed” or “-n”, often describe someone who
experiences a feeling.

Example:
 The bored viewers left the movie.

When there is more than one modifier of a noun, the modifiers occur in a fixed order.
The following is the usual order of modifiers, from first to last position:

 Opinion

 Size

 Age or temperature

 Shape

 Color

 Origin

 Material

 purpose

Example:

 He was a young, interesting man.

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3. GRAMMAR IN MUSIC
__: Quantifiers
__: Gerunds
__: Definite and Indefinite articles
__: Infinitives
__: Count and Non-Count Nouns
3.1. Song N.1
Author: Insane Kids
Song: Caught In a Dream
You're feeling awkward, you're feeling cold
You feel there is someone watching you, oh no
Is this just a dream or is it true? (Is it true, is it true)
You're getting blind, you cannot see
Every hour is filled with disbelief
Are my senses playing a trick on me?

But now is the time

It's time to say

Boo!
We're everywhere you see
Look out, we might be real
This time we got you caught up in a dream
We're everywhere you see
Look out, we might be real
This time we got you caught up in a dream

You're feeling awkward, you're feeling blue

You feel the world is spinning without you
Like you were on a different plane

But now is the time

It's time to say
Boo!

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3.2. Song N.2

Author: Penpals
Song: Tell Me Why
Feel no shame about shape
Weather changes their phrase
Even mother will show you another way
So put your glasses on
Nothing will be wrong
There's no blame, there's no fame
It's up to you
The first words should be found
Whatever hold you back
I can, I can get it off

Tell me what, tell me what, tell me what you want

I don't know why, don't know why, don't know why you afraid
Tell me what, tell me what, tell me what you say
I don't know why, don't know why, too late, it's too late

Have no fear for real

It's just a turning wheel
Once you start up there's no other way
Don't put your eyes on boots
Step forward your roots
There's no aid, there's no trade
It belongs to you

Before you miss something given

You should know what's the truth
I can, I can make it out

Tell me what, tell me what, tell me what you want

I don't know why, don't know why, don't know why you afraid
Tell me what, tell me what, tell me what you say
I don't know why, don't know why, too late, it's too late

Before you miss something given

You should know what's the truth
I can, I can make it out

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ANNEXES

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