Unit - 16

Mathematical Reasoning
Summary
1. ~   p  p
2. ~ p  q   p V  q
~  pV q     p     q 
3. p  q   p V q
 q  p
4. p  q  q p
  p  q   q  p

  p V q   q V p

5. ~  p  q   p   q V q   p
 p  q
p  q
pVq  q V p 
6. 
p  q  q  p

 p Vq  Vr  p V  q Vr  

 p  q   r  p   q  r  
7. Tautology : The statement which is always true is called tautology is denoted by t.
p   q V r    p  q  V  p r 

p V  q r    p Vq    p Vr 
8. Cantradiction or fallacy
The statement which is always false is called contradiction.
is denoted by 'c' or 'f '.
(i) pVtt
(ii) ptp

(iii) p V  p  t

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9. Contrapositive of p  q is q  p
10. p  q is false only when p is true and q is false
QUESTION BANK

1.  p   q     p  q  is
(a) a contradiction (b) a tautology
(c) neither a tautology nor a contradiction (d) both tautology and contradiction
2. Which of the following a tautology ?

(a) p    p  (b) p  c (c) p V t (d) p  p

3. Which of the following is true ?

(a) p    p   t (b) p V   p   f

(c) p  q  q  p (d) P  q    q     p 
4. If both p and q are false then
(a) p  q is true (b) p V q is false

(c) p  q is false (d)   p  V q is false

5. If both p and q are true
(a) p  q is true (b) p V q is false
(c) p  q is false (d) None of them
6. p  q V r is false then the true values of p, q and r are respectively..
(a) F, T, T (b) T, T, F (c) T, F, F (d) F, F, F
7. The logically equivalent proposition of p   q is
(a) q  p (b) pq
(c) q  p (d)  p  q
8. The contrapositive of the converse of
p  q is

(a) p  q V p (b)  p  q   q  p
(c)  pq    q  p  (d)  p q    p Vq 
9.   p V q  V   p  q  = ................
(a) q (b) p (c) ~p (d) ~ q

10. The proposition of  p   p     p  p  is

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 (a) neither tautology nor contradiction (b) contradiction
(c) Tautology and contradiction (d) tautology
11. Each of the following statement is true
p  q
pr
~r Then
(a) p is false (b) p is true
(c) q is true (d) None of these
12. If each of the statement p   q and  r  q , p is true than
(a) r is false (b) r is true
(c) q is true (d) None of these
13. The negation of compound proposition p V   p V q  is ........

(a)  p  q    p (b)  p   p  V  q

(c)  p   q  V   p  (d)  p   q  V  p

14. p   q  p   r is

(a) Contradiction (b) tautology

(c) Neither contradiction Nor tautology (d) Both contradiction & tautology
15. Negation of 'for all x , p’ is ........
(a) there exists x ,  p (b) for all x;  p
(c) ~P (d) P

16.  p  q     q   p  is a
(a) contradiction (b) tautology
(c) both tautology & contradiction (d) None of above

17. p   q  p  is equivalent to

(a) p  p  q  (b) p  p  q 

(c) p  p V q (d) p  p  q
18. If p = He is intelligent
q = He is strong
Then symolic form of the statemant
" It is wrong that he is intelligent or strong " is

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 (a)  p V  q (b)   p  q 

(c)   p V q  (d) p V  q

19. If statement p and r are false and q is true then truth value of  p   q  r  V r is .........
(a) T (b) F
(c) T or F (d) Can not say
20. Which one of the following is false

(a) p    p  is a contradiction (b)  p  q     q   p  is a contradiction

(c)    p   p is a tautology (d) p V   p  is a tautology

21. p    p V q  is false then value of p and q are respectively

(a) F, F (b) F,T (c) T, T (d) T, F

ANSWERS

1 a 11 a 21 d
2 c 12 b
3 d 13 a
4 b 14 a
5 a 15 a
6 c 16 d
7 b 17 c
8 b 18 c
9 c 19 b
10 b 20 b

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