Chapter 17. Health, Wellness, and Illness.

- Predicting illness
- Three dynamic interactive Elements:
Concepts of Health, Wellness, and Well-Being o Agent – any environmental
Health factors or stressor that can lead
- Presence or absence of disease. to illness or disease
- “ State of complete physical, mental, o Host – Person(s)
and social well-being, and not merely o Environment - external to host
the absence of disease or infirmity.  Physical Environment
- Talcott Parsons- creator of the concept  Social Environment
“sick role” Health-Illness Continua
- Ability to maintain normal roles. - Grids or graduated scales
- Highly individual perception. - Measure a person’s perceived level of
Wellness and Well-Being wellness
- Wellness is a state of well-being - Dunn’s High-Level Wellness Grid –
- Seven Components of Wellness: family wellness, environmental wellness,
o Environmental – food, water, and societal wellness
air. o High-Level wellness in a
o Social – Interact successfully, Favorable Environment
maintain relationship. o Emergent High Level wellness
o Emotional – manage stress, and in an Unfavorable
express emotions appropriately. Environment
o Physical – practice positive o Protected Poor Health in a
lifestyle habits. Favorable Environment
o Spiritual – Person’s own morals, o Poor Health in an Unfavorable
values, and ethics.
o Intellectual – striving for
continued growth.
o Occupational – achieve balance
between work and leisure time.
Models of Health and Wellness
Clinical Model
- Narrowest interpretation of health
- People: physiological systems with
related functions
- Health: absence of signs and symptoms
of disease
- Disease or injury: opposite of health Environment
Role Performance Model Illness-Wellness Continuum
- Ability to fulfill societal roles - Developed by Anspaugh, Hamrick, and
- Sickness: Inability to perform one’s work Rosato
role. - Optimal Health to Premature Death
Adaptive Model -
- Restore the ability of the person to adapt Variables Influencing Health Status, Beliefs,
- Extreme good health: flexible adaptation and Practice
to environment Internal Variables
- Roy Adaptation Model- person as Biologic Dimension
adaptive system Psychological Dimension
- Focus: stability, growth, and change.
Eudaemonistic Model
- Health: condition of actualization or
realization of a person’s potential
- Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Margaret Newman’s Model- Evolving
unitary pattern
Agent-Host-Environmental Model
- AKA Ecologic model
Cognitive Dimension
External Variables
Environment
Standard of Living
Family and Cultural Beliefs
Social Support Networks
Health Belief Models
Health Locus of Control Model
Rosenstock and Becker’s Health Belief
Models