PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR

DISSERTATION

SUBMITTED BY:

Mrs. ANGELA MARIA ROZARIO,

1st year M.Sc. (Nursing)
Obstetrics and GynecologicalNursing,
2011-2013 batch.
Oriental Colleage Of Nurisng,
Bengalure – 560 044.
 RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS Mrs. Angela Maria Rozario

1st year M.Sc. Nursing,
2011-2013 batch.
Oriental College of Nursing,
#43/52, 2nd Main Industrial Town,
West of Chord Road,
Bengalure – 560010.
2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Oriental College Of Nursing,
Bengalure- 560010.
3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 1st Year M.Sc. Nursing,
Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing.
4. DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE COURSE 10-06-2011

5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC “A study to evaluate the effectiveness of

‘Video Assisted Teaching Programme on
knowledge regarding Hypnobirthing among
mothers attending selected antenatal clinics
Bengalure”.
6. Brief resume of the work
6.1. Introduction Enclosed
6.2. Need for the study Enclosed
6.3. Review of literature Enclosed
6.4. Statement of the study Enclosed
6.4.1. Objectives of the study Enclosed
6.4.2. Operational definitions Enclosed
6.4.3. Assumptions Enclosed
6.4.4. Hypothesis Enclosed
6.4.5. Sampling criteria Enclosed
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1 Sources of data: Data will be collected from Antenatal mothers in selected antenatal clinics,
Bangalore.
7.2 Method of data collection: Self administered questionnaire.
7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on the patients or
other human being or animals? yes
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution? Yes
8 REFERENCE
 RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND Mrs. ANGELA MARIA ROZARIO

ADDRESS 1st year M.Sc. Nursing,
Oriental College of Nursing,
#43/52, 2nd Main Industrial Town,
West of Chord Road,
Bengalure – 560010.
2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Oriental College of Nursing,
Bengalure-560010.
3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 1st Year M.Sc Nursing,
Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing.
4. DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE 10-06-2011
COURSE
5. TITLE OF THE STUDY “A study to evaluate the effectiveness of
‘Video Assisted Teaching Programme on
knowledge regarding Hypnobirthing
among mothers attending selected
antenatal clinics, Bengalure”.
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:

6.1 INTRODUCTION

“My dream is that every woman, everywhere, will know the joy of
a truly safe, comfortable and satisfying birthing for herself and her
baby”.

-Marie F. Mongan

Pregnancy is an exciting and often joyous time in women’s life preparing for

child birth is one of the most exciting time for the women , however it may also be the

time of fear and anxiety for a mother to be. Fear, anxiety and pain are three factors that

play an important role during delivery process and if fear and anxiety is removed mental

and physical calmness will substitute them. 1

Child birth is a pleasant memory that the mother should always cherish.

Labor is an experience of delivering baby and placenta from the uterus through the

vagina to the outside world. 2

The child bearing women experience many demanding sensation and discomfort

during labor and birth. Labor the culmination of a human pregnancy is an event with

great psychological , social and emotional meaning for the mother and her family.

Pregnant women commonly worry about the pain during labor. Hence preparation for

childbirth should be given more importance during antenatal period in order to accept the

labor pain and deliver a healthy offspring.2

 For centuries, among western civilization, offering pain relief in labor was

thought to be a moral , because according to the biblical account, God commanded Eve,

“ I will greatly multiply the sorrow and the conception , in sorrow though shall bring

forth children” The prevailing concept was that the childbirth should be painful. (

Genesis 3.16)

The survive conducted in India reported that around 78,000 women die each year

in New Delhi due to the complication during the childbirth. This means that on an

average every seven minutes one woman dies during or giving birth to a child. There are

many ways to handle pain during labor, it includes Hypnosis, breathing technique,

relaxation, yoga, meditation walking massage, medication such as analgesics,

tranquilizer, regional anesthesia3

Medications have been used for labor and delivery pain relief since the 19th

century. Today there are several drugs available to help mothers endure the pain of child

birth. Most can be classified as analgesics or anesthetic. Analgesics relieve but do not

completely stop pain. Any medication a woman takes can affect her baby. In most of the

cases, women report the sensation of breathing difficulties, and some of the medication’s

effect on the chest muscles, although it produces no real danger, it can provoke anxiety4

Hypnobirthing allows experiencing birth in an atmosphere of calm, relaxation,

free of the fear and tension that prevents the birthing muscles of your body from

functioning as nature intended them to it was introduced by Marie.F.Mongan in the year

1990.Hypnobirthing is a complete birth education program, which helps the mother to be

in control and to have a better birth experience. It involves teaching simple, but specific

self-hypnosis, relaxation and breathing techniques. Hypnobirthing is not tied to any

particular belief system5

According to Andrew MI Medical interventions play an important role in

preserving lives and maternal comfort they have become increasingly routine in normal

childbirth. This may increase the risk of associated complications and a less satisfactory

birth experience. Antenatal hypnosis is associated with a reduced need for

pharmacological interventions during childbirth. Hypnosis would be a simple,

inexpensive way to improve the childbirth experience, reduce complications associated

with pharmacological interventions, yield cost savings in maternity care, and this trial

will provide evidence to guide clinical practice.6

In US during the period of October 2005 and January 2008, the Hypnobirthing

Institute received 1227 Parents’ Birth Reports. Hypnobirth Labor interventions used

fewer interventions during their labors than other mothers. 72% used no pain medication.

While Hypnobirthing mothers chose obstetricians and certified nurse midwives equally,

79% of the respondents were attended by obstetricians. Hypnobirthing mothers reported

a lower incidence of preterm births and low birth weight infants U.S. Division of Vital

Statistics. All Hypnobirthing mothers were satisfied or highly satisfied with

Hypnobirthing7

Hypnosis during labor is not meant to be a distractive technique instead it will

help to have a control over the body. Hypnosis can benefit during different phase of

uterine contraction.8
 Hypnobirthing classes teach relaxation skills that will be useful to both mother

and baby, regardless of her birth experience. In the event that medical intervention of any

sort is needed, she will find herself better able to remain calm and in control. Mothers

who have needed scheduled caesareans for medical reasons report that they were totally

relaxed before, during and after the procedure. Many report that they needed little or no

medication following the birth, and they were able to return to normal functioning in a

very short period of time.9

6.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Hypnobirthing is as much a philosophy of birth as it is a technique for achieving a

satisfying, relaxing and stress free birthing. Hypnobirthing teaches women and birthing

companions the art and joy of experiencing birth in a safe, more comfortable manner for

themselves and their babies. Through guided imagery and self-hypnosis women learn

how to call upon their bodies’ own natural endorphins and thus eliminate or greatly

reduce the need for medication. When a woman is properly prepared for childbirth and

when the mind and body are in harmony, nature is free to function in the same well-

designed manner that it does with women in other cultures and with all other creatures. 9

In 2003 reviews found that women using hypnosis were more satisfied with the

management of their labor pain when compared with women using other forms of

alternative and complementary methods of pain management (Smith, Collins, et al,

2003). More recently, authors of a 2004 review reported that women using hypnosis did
not need analgesia and rated their pain as less severe than those in the non-hypnosis

groups10

A comparative study was conducted in Australia, to examine the evidence

regarding the effects of hypnosis for pain relief during childbirth. In this study hypnosis

during pregnancy and childbirth was compared with a non-hypnosis intervention, no

treatment or placebo. 5 randomized control trials and 14 non-randomized comparisons

studying 8395 women were identified where hypnosis was used for labor analgesia. 4

randomized control trials including 224 patients examined the primary outcomes of

interest. One randomized control trials rated poor on quality assessment. The remaining 3

randomized control trials showed that, compared with controls, fewer parturient having

hypnosis required analgesia, relative risk=0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.28, 0.95). Of

the two included non randomized controls, one showed that women using hypnosis rated

their labor pain less severe than controls. The study concludes that hypnosis reduced

opioid (meperidine) requirements, and increased the incidence of not requiring

pharmacological analgesia in labor.11

A longitudinal prospective study was conducted in Gujarat, India on Hypnosis in

pregnancy with Intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydrmnios. clinical hypnosis was
used in addition to the conventional medical management in such pregnancies. The
prenatal outcome was compared with the control group wherein hypnosis was not used.
The hypnosis group had a significantly shorter preterm delivery rate (p = .004) and fewer
incidence of low birth weight babies (p = .009). Significantly reduced operative
intervention in terms of lower rate of cesarean section (p = .008) was also observed in the
experimental group. Hence, the use of clinical hypnosis as a viable adjunct to medical
management is suggested to help to prevent neonatal morbidity and fetal loss. 12
 The 2004 national cesarean section rate climbed another 6% to an all-time high of
29.1% (Martin, Hamilton et al. 2005), with individual hospital's rates approaching a
staggering 57% (Goldstein, 2005). These numbers far exceed The World Health
Organization's call for a rate no higher than 15% (WHO, 1985). Clearly there is a need
for greater education of the benefits to both mother and baby of natural childbirth and the
potential complications of medically unnecessary interventions of "managed" birth.13

In the year 2001 a journal of family practice published a report about the Effects

of Hypnosis on the Labor Processes and Birth Outcomes of pregnant adolescents . The

study results shows that hypnotic preparations for labor and delivery can be effective

intervention in reducing the number of complications, reducing surgical interventions,

reducing length of postpartum hospital stay.14

A study was conducted in 60 nulliparous women to assess the benefits of hypnotic

analgesia as an adjunct to childbirth education. Subject were divided into high and low

hypnotic susceptibility groups before receiving 6 sessions of childbirth education and

skill terry using an ischemic pain task. Hypnotically prepared births had shorter stage 1

labors, less medications, higher Apgar scores, and more frequent spontaneous deliveries

than control briths. Highly susceptible, hypnotically treated women had lower depression

scores after birth than women in the other 3 groups. Author propose that repeated skill

mastery facilitated the effectiveness of hypnosis in their study. 15

A descriptive survey approach was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of

health professionals regarding hypnobirthing. Non-probability convenient sampling

technique was used, to select 100 health professionals working in OBG and Pediatric

Departments at M.S. Ramaiah Hospitals, Bangalore. Data was collected using structured
knowledge questionnaire to assess knowledge and structured opinionnaire to assess

attitude. Over all knowledge scores of health professionals revealed that, 82% had

inadequate knowledge, 18% had moderately adequate knowledge, where as none of them

exhibited adequate knowledge. The mean percentage score obtained for overall

knowledge was 40.40% with standard deviation of 4.47, which showed that the subjects

had inadequate knowledge regarding Hypnobirthing. Study concludes that the knowledge

about Hypnobirthing is inadequate among Health Professionals.16

Hypnobirthing helps women rediscover their natural birthing instinct. Mothers are

awake, and fully in control, but profoundly relaxed as they bring their babies into the

world. Mothers will be fascinated as they view Hypnobirthing videos showing laboring

mothers, awake, alert and in good humor, as they experience safe, gentle birth free of the

Fear-Tension-Pain Syndrome. Hypnobirthing teaches a woman how to release all prior

programming about birth, how to trust her body and work with it, as well as how to free

herself of limiting thoughts and emotions that lead to pain-causing fear and resistant

muscles.17

6.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme

on knowledge regarding Hypnobirthing among mothers attending selected antenatal

clinics, Bengalore”..”
6.3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1) Reviews related to effectiveness of hypnosis on complicated deliveries:

A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of prenatal hypnosis in

facilitating uncomplicated birth. A randomized group of 520 pregnant women in their

first or second trimester of pregnancy were selected to receiving prenatal hypnosis. The

goal was to reduce fear of birth and parenthood; to reduce anxiety; to reduce stress; to

identify specific fears that might complicate the labor process and to prepare women for

the experience of labor. Women receiving prenatal hypnosis had significantly better

outcomes than women who did not. Further assessment suggested that hypnosis worked

by preventing negative emotional factors from leading to an complicated birth outcome.

The routine prenatal use of hypnosis could improve obstetric outcome.18

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnosis to convert a breech presentation

to a vertex presentation by One hundred pregnant women whose fetuses were in breech

position at 37 to 40 weeks' gestation and a matched comparison group of women with

similar obstetrical and socio demographic parameters. The intervention group received

hypnosis with suggestions for general relaxation with release of fear and anxiety. As

much hypnosis was provided as was convenient and possible for the women until they

were delivered of the baby or the baby converted to the vertex position. Eighty-one

percent of the fetuses in the intervention group converted to vertex presentation compared

with 48% of those in the comparison group. This difference was statistically significant.

Motivated subjects can be influenced by a skilled hypnotherapist in such a manner that

their fetuses have a higher incidence of conversion from breech to vertex presentation.19
 A study conducted to assess the effect of hypnosis on length of labor. The

randomized control trial examined 60 first time mothers with a matched control group of

60 first time mothers found a statistically significant reduction in the lengths of the first

and second stages of labor. In china Jenkins and Pritchard Hao et al Pritchard found a

reduction of 3 hours for prim gravid women from 9.3 hours to 6.4 hours and 1 hour for

multi gravid women from 6.2 hours to 5.3 hours for active labor 262 subjects and 600

controls. Pushing was statistically shorter for first time mothers from 50 min to 37 min.20

A study was conducted to assess the perspectives of clients and unqualified

allopathic practitioners on the management of delivery care in urban slums, Dhaka,

Bangladesh, Data were collected from 463 women with a home birth and/or trial of labor

at home. And also conducted seven in-depth interviews with the unqualified allopathic

practitioners to explore their practices. About one-third that is 32% of the 463 women

sought delivery care from a unqualified allopathic practitioners. No association was

found between socio-demographic characteristics and care-seeking from a unqualified

allopathic practitioners, except for education of women. Women with 3 or more

pregnancies received care from unqualified allopathic practitioners followed by women

with 2 pregnancies. women who reported at least one delivery-related complication,

45.2% received care from the unqualified allopathic practitioners. In 149 cases where the

unqualified allopathic practitioners was involved with delivery care, 133 (89.3%)

received medicine to start or increase labor with only 6% (9 of 149) referred by a

unqualified allopathic practitioners to any health facility. There is demand among slum

women for delivery-related care from unqualified allopathic practitioners during home

births in Bangladesh.21
2) Reviews Related To effectiveness of hypnosis on normal labor:

A qualitative approach, done to describe the effect of hypnosis on pain relief

during labor and childbirth, among 6 pregnant women were trained to use self-hypnosis

for labor. Outcomes were analyzed using Colaizzi's procedure. Women described their

feelings about hypnosis during labor as: a sense of relief and consolation, self-confidence,

satisfaction, lack of suffering labor pain, changing the feeling of pain into one of

pressure, a decrease in fear of natural childbirth, lack of tiredness, and lack of anxiety.

They expressed increased concentration on the uterus and cervical muscle, awareness of

all the stages of labor, and having "positive thoughts." Births were perceived as being

very satisfactory compared to their previous experiences.22

A descriptive study, done retrospectively from prenatal medical records, compared

childbirth outcomes in one obstetrician's caseload between 50 women who elected

antenatal hypnosis preparation and 51 who did not. The groups were demographically

similar. To achieve similar numbers to the hypnosis group, the control group was

randomly selected from the women in the caseload who opted not to take hypnosis

preparation, based on characteristics of parity and delivery mode. Prenatal hypnosis

preparation resulted in significantly less use of sedatives, analgesia, and regional

anesthesia during labor. Well-controlled studies are warranted for clinicians to offer

hypnosis more frequently as a pain relief option for childbirth.23

A study was conducted in antenatal training institution by using self-hypnosis for

over three years as a tool to provide relaxation, anxiolysis and analgesia for women in

labor. To assess the effects of hypnotherapy, data collected by using hypnosis in

preparation for childbirth, and compared the birth outcomes of women experiencing

antenatal hypnosis with parity and gestational age matched controls between August

2002 and August 2004. Birth outcome data of women using hypnosis were compared

with routinely collected retrospective data from parity and gestational age matched

women delivering after 37 weeks gestation during 2003, meta-analyses showing

beneficial outcomes associated with the use of hypnosis in childbirth. Adequately

powered, randomized trials are required to further elucidate the effects of hypnosis

preparation for childbirth.24

A study was conducted in the maternity unit of South Australia on hypnosis

antenatal training for childbirth. Antenatal hypnosis is associated with a reduced need for

pharmacological interventions during childbirth. A single centre, randomized controlled

trial using a 3 arm parallel group design in the largest tertiary Group 1 participants

receive antenatal hypnosis training in preparation for childbirth administered by a

qualified hypnotherapist with the use of an audio compact disc on hypnosis for re-

enforcement; Group 2 consists of antenatal hypnosis training in preparation for childbirth

using an audio compact disc on hypnosis administered by a nurse with no training in

hypnotherapy; Group 3 participants continue with their usual preparation for childbirth

with no additional intervention. If effective, hypnosis would be a simple, inexpensive

way to improve the childbirth experience, reduce complications associated with

pharmacological interventions, yield cost savings in maternity care, and this trial will

provide evidence to guide clinical practice.25

 A study conducted on Hypnotic relaxation. It was used as an adjunct to

pharmacologic treatment with 39 women hospitalized for premature contractions in

pregnancy. The control group received medication alone and consisted of 70 women.

Treatment was started at the time of hospitalization and lasted for 3 hr on the average.

Patients were also given cassettes with a hypnotic-relaxation exercise for daily practice.

The results suggest the rate of pregnancy prolongation was significantly higher for the

hypnotic-relaxation than for the medication-alone group. Infant weight also showed the

advantage of the hypnotic-relaxation treatment.26

6.4.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the pretest level of knowledge regarding Hypnobirthing among

mothers.

2. To assess the posttest level of knowledge regarding Hypnobirthing among

mothers.

3. To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme regarding

Hypnobirthing among mothers

4. To identify the association between level of knowledge regarding Hypnobirthing

among mothers and selected demographic variables.

6.4.2. OPERATIONIAL DEFINITIONS:

1. EFFECTIVENESS:

Refers to the extent to which the video assisted teaching programme on

Hypnobirthing has helped in improving the knowledge of mothers as

assessed by their responses to structured questionnaires.

 2. VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME:

Refers to the education program done with the assistance of electronic

video display which explains about the definition, basic technique and birthing

process in Hypnobirthing, its advantages etc ,.

3. HYPNOBIRTHING:

Refers to complete birth education program to help the mother to control

labor pain and to have a safe and better birthing experience by using

relaxation skills, self hypnosis and breathing technique.

4. ANTENATAL MOTHERS:

Refers to both multi and primi gravida mothers who are in the first

trimester of pregnancy.

6.4.3. ASSUMPTIONS:

1. The antenatal mothers may not have adequate knowledge regarding Hypnobirthing.

2. Video assisted teaching programme will help to improve antenatal mothers knowledge

regarding Hypnobirthing.

6.4.4. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES:

H1: There is a significant improvement in the knowledge of the antenatal mothers

regarding Hypnobirthing after the video assisted teaching programme.

H2: There is a significant association between the level of knowledge of antenatal

mothers regarding Hypnobirthing and the selected demographic variables.

6.4.5. SAMPLING CRITERIA

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Antenatal mothers,

- Who are willing to participate in the study

- Who can read, understand and speak English or Kannada

- Who are available at the time of data collection

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Antenatal mothers

- Who have attended and practicing Hypnobirthing classes

DELIMITATION

Study is delimited to: 1) 4 weeks of data collection period

2) Data based upon the written responses of

antenatal mothers

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

7.1. SOURCE OF DATA : Data will be collected from antenatal mothers who

are in first trimester of pregnancy attending selected

antenatal clinics Bengaluru.

7.2) METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

 RESEARCH APPROACH : Evaluative approach

  RESEARCH DESIGN : Pre-experimental, one group pre

test- post test design

 SETTING : Selected antenatal clinics in Bengaluru

 POPULATION : Antenatal mothers who are in

first trimester.
 SAMPLE : Antenatal mothers who satisfy
inclusion criteria.
 SAMPLE SIZE : 60 Antenatal mothers
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE : purposive sampling technique
 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION : Self administered questionnaire
 TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION : Structured knowledge questionnaire

METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS:

The researcher will use appropriate statistical technique for data analysis and present in

the form of tables and diagrams.

Data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics:

Socio demographic variables will be analyzed by using frequency and percentage

distribution.

Inferential Statistics:

Level of knowledge will be analyzed by mean, mean percentage and standard deviation.

Effectiveness of vedio assisted teaching programme will be assessed by using paired ‘t’

test
Association between level of knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding Hypnobirthing

and selected demographic variables is done by chi square test.

DURATION OF STUDY : 04 Weeks

VARIABLES UNDER STUDY:

- Dependent variable : Knowledge on Hypnobirthing

- Independent variable : Video assisted teaching programme on

Hypnobirthing

- Demographic variables :

- Age :

- Educational Qualification :

- Occupation :

- Income :

- Residence :

PROJECTED OUTCOME: The video assisted teaching programme will enhance the mother’s

knowledge on Hypnobirthing.

7.3 Does the study require any investigations on interventions to be conducted on patient or other

human being or animals?

Yes

7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?

Yes
8. List of Reference:

1) Fahami.F, Masoudfar S. the offect of lamaye practices on the

outcome of pregnancy and labor. The journal nursing and midwifery research

summer 2007:12 (3) :113

2) Mrs. Mohan lal, Dr. Ajudi Assement of effectiveness of acupressure on labor

outcome among primi paturies mothers. Nightingale nursing times vol4

November 2008:8:18

3) Adele pillitteri “Maternal and child health nursing”5th edition Lippincott

Williams and wilking publication, (2007) Philadephia,

4) Bonic JJ. Labor pain.in: Textbook of pain New York: Churchill Livingstone
1984:377 - 91

5) Marie.F.Mongan, HypnoBirthing: The Mongan Method: A natural approach

to a safe, easier, more comfortable birthing

http://www.amazon.com/Marie-F.-Mongan

6) Cyna AM, Andrew MI, Robinson JS, a study on hypnosis antenatal training
for childbirth (HATC): a randomized controlled trial (NCTOO282204)

cynaa@cywhs.sa.gov.au

7) Kathie Dolce, MS, PA, HBCE, Hypnobirthing Institute Faculty Member

clinical assistant professor of Paediatrics, University of Colorado school of

Medicine

kathiedolce@yahoo.com

8) Hypnobirthing the original method , Michelle Leclaire O’Neill.PH.D R.N

9) Marie.F.Mongan, HypnoBirthing: The Mongan Method: A natural approach
to a safe, easier, more comfortable birthing

http://www.amazon.com/Marie-F.-Mongan

10) Cyna AM, McAuliffe GL, Andrew MI.

Hypnosis for pain relief in labor and childbirth: a systematic review.

Department of Women's Anaesthesia, Women's and Children's HospitalAdelaide,

South Australia 5006, Australia.

cynaa@wch.sa.gov.au

11) Cyan, AM et al, Adelaide, Australia - British Journal of Anesthesia,

October 2004, Hypnosis for pain relief in labor and childbirth

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

12) Shah MC, Thakkar SH, Vyas RB Study on Hypnosis in pregnancy

with intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios: an innovative

approach don in Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Chetan1373@hotmail.com

13) Martin Hamilton, Sharp Rise of C-Sections Defies Best Evidence and

Best Practice Goldstein2005

http://www.childbirthconnection.org/article.asp?ck=10285

14) Martin, A A Effects of Hypnosis on the Labor Processes and Birth

Outcomes, Journal on Family Practice May 2001

www.hypnobirthing.com/US_outcomes_Summary_2007.pdf
15) Harmon TM, Hynan MT, Tyre TE, Improved obstetric outcomes

using hypnotic analgesia and skill mastery combined with childbirth

education., University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

16) Thresiamma Thomas A study to assess the knowledge and attitude

regarding hypnobirthing among health professionals Bengaluru 2010.

17) Dr Jaychandran and Dr Anuradha , Amazing world of Hypnobirthing.

www.basixinc.org/hypnobirthing.html

18) Mehl-Madrona LE, Tuscan USA – The Americal Journal of Clinical

Hypnosis April 2004

madrona@email.arizona.edu

19) Mehl LE,.Hypnosis and conversion of the breech to the vertex

presentation. Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of

Medicine, Burlington. Arch Fam Med.1994 Oct;3(10):881-7

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8000559

20) Jenkins and Pritchard Effect of Hypnosis on length of labor.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi

21) T Wahed, AC Moran, M Iqbal, The perspectives of clients and

unqualified allopathic practitioners on the management of delivery care in

urban slums, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2010

http://www.healthynewbornnetwork.org/resource
22) Abbasi M, Ghazi F, Barlow-Harrison A, Sheikvatan M.Effects of

hypnosis on pain relief during labor and childbirth.Middlesex University,

London, UK.

M.abbasi@mdx.ac.uk

23) Berner MA, Fuller S, Adams D, VandeVusse L,

Hypnosis for childbirth: a retrospective comparative analysis of outcomes in

one obstetrician's practice.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18030923

24) Cyna AM, Andrew ML, McAuliffe GL.

Antenatal self-hypnosis for labor and childbirth

Department of Women’s Anaesthesia, Women’s and Children’s hospital,

Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

cynaa@cywhs.sa.gov.au

25) Robinson JS, Crowther CA, Baghurst P, Wicks G.

Hypnosis Antenatal Training for Childbirth (HATCh)Women’s and

Children’s Hospital, Adelaide SA 5006, Australia.

26) Omer H, Friedlander D, Palti Z.

Hyptonic relaxation in the treatment of premature labor.

www.pubMed.com