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ABSTRAK: Soil stiffness parameters (E), is a very important input parameter in the finite element method. The
accuracy of predicted settlement on foundation is depends on how accurate the soil stiffness value is inserted
into the finite element program. There are various ways to get the soil stiffness value, such as through triaxial
test, oedometer test, pressuremeter test or correlation with the data from SPT and CPT test. This paper presents
the soil stiffness parameters obtained through the backward calculation of the static pile loading test results. The
curve of the load against pile settlement obtained from the loading test will be matched with the results from the
PLAXIS program analysis. The input of E value will be adjusted, so that the PLAXIS analysis and the results of
the loading test reaches the suitable result. The analysis using test data from 15 unit bored pile foundation in
Jakarta. Furthermore the value of E which obtained from the backward calculation will be correlated to the N-
SPT value, N1 (60).
Keywords: Soil Stiffness, Static Loading Test, Plaxis, N SPT
ABSTRACT : Soil stiffness, E, is one of important factor to consider in geotechnical finite element analysis. The
predicted pile movement depends heavily on the accuracy of the inputted E value. Many ways can be used to
obtain this E values, e.g. through triaxial test, oedometer test, pressuremeter test, or correlation with CPT cone
resistance and/or SPT blow counts. This paper presents the E values derived from back analysis of pile static
loading test results. PLAXIS finite element software were used to model the piles. By looking into the soil profile,
the E values of the foundation soils were adjusted in such a way until the load settlement curve obtained from the
PLAXIS analysis more or less matched the actual load settlement curve of the corresponding piles. 15 bored pile
loading test results from Jakarta area were evaluated. Finally, the resulting E values were correlated with the
normalized SPT blow count, N1(60).
Keywords: Soil Stiffness, Static Loading Tests, Plaxis, N SPT
Using obtained soil data profiles, loading test Figure 3 - Exp of PLAXIS Results vs Loading Test
is performed by software PLAXIS modeling, Plaxis
Figure 4 – E50ref (drained) vs N1(60)
For the initial input, the parameter E values tube by 60% of the SPT potential energy (which is
(notation in the PLAXIS is E50ref) estimated from the same with the weigh 63.5kg hammer multiplied by
SPT data. Loading stages in the PLAXIS software 76cm falling height ).
following the loading steps on the loading test data.
Then the PLAXIS calculations output, load against 3. RESULTS and DISCUSSION
settlement on the head of pile is plotted on one Figure 4 above shows the obtained results. At
curve. Plotting result from PLAXIS is compared to first glance seems that the data points distribution is
the actual static loading test results. When obtained irregular and difficult to obtain a good correlation
quite far deviation on the both load settlement curve, value.
PLAXIS calculation will be repeated by adjusting
the E value of soil layer. Such method will be From these results then the obtained data is
repeated systematically until the load settlement further studied and disaggregated depend on the soil
curve obtained from the PLAXIS analysis more or type. So E50ref values obtained from PLAXIS
less matched the actual load settlement curve of the calculations are classified based on soil types, as
corresponding piles. Figure 3 is an example of two well as the N1(60) value of SPT. As shown in Figure
backward calculations result. 5 and 6, seen that after disaggregated by the soil
data, more regular distribution data is obtained, and
After obtaining matched load settlement curve, can be classified in coarse grained soils (sand) and
then the E50ref value which is obtained will be fine-grained soil and fine-grained soil can be
correlated with the normalized SPT values, N1(60). subdivided into silt and clay soil.
Note: the number 1 in N1 (60) shows the normalized
number N SPT values in effective vertical soil stress
at 1 kg/cm2 (≈ 100kPa), number 60 in the notation
indicate the effective energy at the end of the SPT
• In sandy soil type with a correlation: the average
value E50ref (MPa) = 2.0 N1 (60) and the upper limit
E50ref (MPa) = 7.5 N1 (60)
5. REFERENCES