Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Exactly when an elderly individual living alone shows no less than a touch of consideration
ambush or falls at home, It can take hours or days for the occurrence to be found, and the
individual might be dead by then. The quantity of elderly resident is on the ascent around the
world. The quantity of those living alone is likewise liable to increment. This technique is about
having multiple method in a single device to monitor location, heart rate, attack alarm, device
missing alert, take medicine at correct time with suitable tablet , traffic signal processing hence it
provides better help for elders as well as children and physically challenged persons.
Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. C. Crema, A. Depari, A. Flammini, M. Lavarini, E. Sisinni, A. Vezzoli, “A smartphone-

enhanced pill-dispenser providing patient identification and in-take recognition,” IEEE
International Symposium on may 2015, pp. 484-489. The wider and wider availability of
powerful, low- cost mobile devices (e.g., smartphones or tablets) is deeply changing healthcare,
so that the mHealth term has been coined.

2. M. Lustrek, H. Gjoreski, N. Gonzalez Vega, S. Kozina, B. Cvetkovic, V. Mirchevska, M.

Gams, “Fall Detection Using Location Sensors and Accelerometers,” IEEE Pervasive Computing
., Vol.19 , no. 4 ,pp. 74-79,October 2015. The rapid aging of the population drives the
development of pervasive solutions for the care of the elderly, which often involve fall detection
with accelerometers.

3. F. Bianchi, S. J. Redmond, M. R. Narayanan, S. Cerutti, N. H. Lovell, “ Barometric Pressure

and TriaxialAccelerometry-Based Falls Event Detection,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems
and Rehabilitation Engineering.,Vol. 18 , no.6,pp.619 – 627,Dec. 2010. The ability to
detect falls events in an unsupervised manner would lead to improved prognoses for falls victims.
Several wearable accelerometry and gyroscope

4. P. Van de Ven, A. Bourke, C. Tavares, R. Feld, J. Nelson, A. Rocha, G. Ó Laighin, “

Integration of a suite of sensors in a wireless health sensor platform,”IEEE
ConferencePublications on Oct.2009, pp. 1678 – 1683. The rapid aging of the world’s
population, along with an increase in the prevalence of chronic illnesses and obesity,
requires adaption and modification of current healthcare models.

5. Q. Fang, S.Y. Lee, H. Permana, K. Ghorbani, I. Cosic, “ Developing a Wireless

Implantable Body Sensor Network in MICS Band,” IEEE Transactions on Information
Technology in Biomedicine ., Vol.15 , no.4 , pp. 567 – 576, July 2011, integration of wireless
communication and sensing technologies, the concept of a body sensor network (BSN) was
initially proposed in the early decade with the aim to provide an essential technology for wearable,
ambulatory, and per- vasive health monitoring for elderly people and chronic patients.
6. Woon-Sung Baek, Dong-Min Kim, F. Bashir, Jae- Young Pyun, “ Real life applicable fall
detection system based on wireless body area network,” IEEE Consumer Communications
and Networking Conference (CCNC) on Jan. 2013, pp. 62 – 67. When an elderly person living
alone has a heart attack or falls at home, nobody is around to alert family members or the doctor.
It can take hours or days for the incident to be discovered, and the person may be dead by then.
With this worrying scenario and the growing ageing population in mind, we have come up with
a system that allows alert signals to be sent either automatically or at the push of a button.
Chapter 3

IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

Fig 3.1.1: Block diagram

3.2 E –PAPER DISPLAY: An E-Paper Display is used as the main GUI for the device. This
type of display doesn’t need a backlight and should not be refreshed like a conventional smart
phone screen and thus needs no power to retain the image displayed on it. This results in an
always-on and extremely low power utilization display that enables the device to run for
much longer duration increasing the battery recharge interval.

Fig 3.2.1: Schematic diagram of an Electrophoretic display

3.3 SMART NFC MEDICATION: The idea is to embed an inexpensive NFC tag into the
medicine bottle lid or a medical tablet pack cover. An NFC tag is simply a permanent memory
card with wireless access. The measure of memory storage is normally less than a kilobyte and
hence they are inexpensive. This can be done using an NFC smart phone or an NFC reader-
writer device. On the Elder-GUARD device, the person must press the medicine record button
and bring the medicine tag very close to it (less than 10cm). Elder-GUARD has the ability
read and write these tags and hence it will read the content of the tag and stores it in its own
permanent memory. The device will resume its normal activity after this process. If the patient
cannot remember which medicine to take and at what quantity, simply bring the medicine tag
near the device and it will blink GREEN light if that medicine should be taken or the light
which emits red colour is not allocated for that time.

Fig 3.3.1: Layout of NFC

3.4 CAP-TOUCH BUTTONS: The device uses a 4- input cap Touch buttons as the main user
input method. It offers more reliability and longer life when compared to traditional mechanical
solutions. Here the PCB itself acts as the touchpad. No additional components are necessary.
The mechanism of capacitive switches is very simple, compared to mechanical ones. Its portable
part is finished with a level froth component (of measurements close to a tablet of Aspirin)
completed with aluminium foil beneath. The inverse side of the switch is a PC board with the
capacitor pads. When a key is squeezed, the foil firmly sticks to the surface of the PC board,
shaping a daisy chain of two capacitors between contact cushions and itself isolated with meager
patch veil, and therefore "shorting" the contact cushions with an effortlessly recognizable drop
of capacitive reactance between them. Normally this allows a heartbeat or heartbeat train to be
detected. The keys don't should be completely squeezed to be terminated on, which empowers
a few typists to work quicker.
 Fig 3.4.1: schematic diagram of cap-Touch button.

3.5. LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two- lead semiconductor light source. It is
a pn- junction diode, which emits light when activated. At the point when a reasonable
voltage is connected to the leads, electrons can recombine with electron gaps inside the gadget,
discharging vitality as photons. This impact is called electroluminescence, and the shade of the
light (relating to the vitality of the photon) is dictated by the vitality band hole of the
semiconductor. Early LEDs were frequently utilized as marker lights for electronic gadgets,
supplanting little glowing globules. They were soon bundled into numeric readouts as seven-
fragment shows, and were normally seen in advanced clocks. Recent improvements in LEDs
license them to be utilized as a part of natural and undertaking lighting. LEDs have numerous
points of interest over radiant light sources including lower vitality utilization, longer lifetime,
enhanced physical strength, littler size, and speedier exchanging. Light-transmitting diodes
are presently utilized as a part of utilizations as differing as flying lighting, car headlamps,
publicizing, movement signs, and camera flashes. However, LEDs powerful enough for room
lighting are still relatively expensive, and require more precise current and heat management
than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.
 Fig 3.5.1: circuit of LED.

3.6. HEART RATE SENSOR: The essential pulse sensor comprises of a light radiating diode
and a finder like a light identifying resistor or a photodiode. The heart beat beats causes a variety
in the stream of blood to various areas of the body. At the point when a tissue is enlightened with
the light source, i.e. light radiated by the drove, it either mirrors (a finger tissue) or transmits the
light (ear cartilage). A portion of the light is consumed by the blood and the transmitted or the
reflected light is gotten by the light finder. The measure of light assimilated relies on upon the
blood volume in that tissue. The finder yield is in type of electrical flag and is relative to the
heart beat rate. This sign is really a DC signal identifying with the tissues and the blood volume
and the AC segment synchronous with the heart beat and created by pulsatile changes in blood
vessel blood volume is superimposed on the DC signal. Thus the major requirement is to isolate
that AC component as it is of prime importance. To accomplish the undertaking of getting the
AC flag, the yield from the locator is initially separated utilizing a 2 phase HP-LP circuit and is
then changed over to computerized beats utilizing a comparator circuit or utilizing basic ADC

Fig 3.6.1 :Circuit of Heart rate Sensor

 3.7. MEMS ACCELEROMETER:

An accelerometer is a gadget for measuring increasing speed and gravity incited response
strengths. Single-pivot and multi-hub models are accessible to identify extent and bearing of the
increasing speed as a vector amount. Accelerometers can be utilized to sense slant, vibration,
and stun. They are progressively present in compact electronic devices. Modern accelerometers
are frequently little small scale electro-mechanical frameworks (MEMS), and are to be sure the
least difficult MEMS gadgets conceivable, comprising of minimal more than a cantilever pillar
with a proof mass (otherwise called seismic mass). Mechanically the accelerometer acts as
a mass-damper-spring.

Framework; the damping results from the lingering gas fixed in the gadget. For whatever length
of time that the Q-variable is not very low, damping does not bring about a lower affectability.

Fig 3.7.1: Pin diagram of MEMS

3.8 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION OF ATOLLIC TRUESTUDIOIDE:

The purpose of this tool is to help you to migrate an IAR Embedded Workbench project to
Atollic True STUDIO. The example used throughout the process is for migration from the IAR
systems development tool chain to the Atollic True STUDIO IDE for ARM processors. However
the principles will remain constant across processor families and development tool vendors.
Migration to a new development tool chain has to be driven by need; the need for better
performance (of the embedded code), the need for standards compliance, the need for a better
development workflow using higher functionality and more coordinated improvement
situations and/or the need for a better support model from the tools vendor.
Chapter 4

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:

 Paper – like readability.

 Ultra –low power consumption.
 Clarity.
 Reduced eyestrain.
 Mobile display solution.
 Hypertext.

Disadvantages:

 Very low refresh rate.

 Ghosting effect.
 High market competition.
 Same readability as print.
 Same LCD monitor resolution.
Chapter 5
APPLICATIONS
 Digital photo frames.
 Education: digital school books.
 Mobile display.
 Keyboard.
 Computer monitor.
 Electronic news paper.
Chapter 6

CONCLUSION
This feature is to care of elder people or any physically challenged persons in this
busy world. Another way of this technique adapted is smart phone so elders can
easily notify their situation. This technique is about having multiple method in a
single device to monitor location, heart rate or attack, alarm, device missing alert,
take medicine at correct time with suitable tablets, traffic signal reading. In this
device we use high end processor and controller for ARM cortex M0+ series. High
speed interface used for UART, I2C, SPI protocols. We can use smart e- paper to
display the best than mature display method. Finally project has multiple things in a
single device and provides better help for elders, children and physically challenged
people. The short range of the NFC standard allows for an intrinsically secure access
but it also represents a strict limitation. Possible future work is a review process to
include new low-power wireless technologies as the Bluetooth Smart ready
(Bluetooth Low Energy).