CH 7 The distribution of values taken by a statistic in all possible samples of the same size from the same population

is called a: sampling distribution. Cluster sampling is: a probability sampling method. Doubling the size of the sample will:
reduce the standard error of the mean Which of the following is a point estimator? S A simple random sample of size n from an infinite population of size N is to be selected. Each possible sample should have: the same probability of being selected. The
central limit theorem states that: if the sample size n is large, then the sampling distribution of the sample mean can be approximated by a normal distribution. The fact that the sampling distribution of sample means can be approximated by a normal
probability distribution whenever the sample size becomes large is based on the: CLT Which of the following statements regarding the sampling distribution of sample means is incorrect? The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is the standard
deviation of the population. BP 126.07 parameter A probability sampling method in which we randomly select one of the first k elements and then select every kth element thereafter is: systematic sampling. For a(n) _____ , it is impossible to construct a
sampling frame. infinite population A simple random sample of size n from an infinite population is a sample selected such that: each element is selected independently and is selected from the same population. Doctor 60 Observational study The central limit
theorem is important in Statistics because it: enables reasonably accurate probabilities to be determined Parameters are: numerical characteristics of a population. Which of the following is a nonprobability sampling technique? Judgment sampling A sample of
92 observations is taken from an infinite population. The sampling distribution of is approximately: normal because of the central limit theorem. In stratified random sampling: randomly selected elements within each of the strata form the sample. Convenience
sampling is a: nonprobability sampling technique. The population we want to make inferences about is called the: target population. Which of the following is not a symbol for a parameter? S The value of the _____ is used to estimate the value of the
population parameter. sample statistic A simple random sample of size n from a finite population of size N is a sample selected such that each possible sample of size: n has the same probability of being selected. In a recent Gallup Poll, the decision was
made to increase the size of its random sample of voters from 1500 people to about 4000 people. The purpose of this increase is to: reduce the standard error of the estimate. The distribution of values taken by a statistic in all possible samples of the same
size from the same population is the sampling distribution of: the sample. Sample statistics, such as x̅ , s, or p̅, that provide the point estimate of the population parameter are known as: point estimators. Which of these best describes a sampling
distribution of a statistic? It is the distribution of all of the statistics calculated from all possible samples of the same sample size. The sample mean is the point estimator of: μ. When drawing a sample from a population, the goal is for the sample to: match the
targeted population. The standard deviation of a point estimator is called the: standard error. Which of the following is(are) true? The standard deviations of two different samples, Statistical inferences can be used to draw As the sample size increases, the:
standard error of the mean decreases. The sampling distribution of is the: probability distribution of all possible values of the sample proportion. The probability distribution of all possible values of the sample proportion is the: sampling distribution of . The
sample statistic characteristic s is the point estimator of: σ. In a survey of public opinion concerning state aid to a particular city, every 40th person registered as a voter was interviewed, systematic sampling.

CH 8 A statistics teacher started class one day by drawing the names of 10 students out of a hat and asked them to do as many pushups as they could. A t distribution should be used because σ is unknown. what planning value of p should be used when
no estimate of p is available? .50 all of the following procedures are recommended when p is unknown except: using .95 as an estimate. the difference between the t distribution and the standard normal distribution: becomes smaller. When "s" is used to
estimate "σ," the margin of error is computed by using the: t distribution. The t value for a 99% confidence interval estimation based upon a sample of size 10 is: 3.250. The margin of error in an interval estimate of the population mean is a function of all
of the following except the: sample mean. An approximate value of a population parameter that provides limits and believed to contain the value of the parameter is known as the: interval estimate For the interval estimation of μ when σ is known and the
sample is large, the proper distribution to use is: the normal distribution. To compute the necessary sample size for an interval estimate of a population mean, all of the following procedures are recommended when σ is unknown except: using σ = 1. As
the sample size increases, the margin of error: decreases. The probability that the interval estimation procedure will generate an interval that does not contain µ is known as the: level of significance. The value added and subtracted from a point estimate
in order to develop an interval estimate of the population parameter is known as the: margin of error. if we would like to cut our margin of error to 1/3 of the original size, we should take a sample size that is: nine times as large as the original sample size. In
general, higher confidence levels provide larger confidence intervals. One way to have high confidence and a small margin of error is to: increase the sample size. What is the symbol for the sample mean? x bar In interval estimation, as the sample size
becomes larger, the interval estimate: becomes narrower. What is the symbol for the population mean? μ The sampling distribution of can be approximated by a normal distribution as long as: np LToE 5 The z value for a 99% confidence interval
estimation is: 2.58. When the level of confidence decreases, the margin of error: becomes smaller. the critical value of z at 99% confidence is: 2.576. if we would like to cut our margin of error in half, we should take a sample size that is: 4x as large as the
original sample size We can reduce the margin of error in an interval estimate of p by doing any of the following except: increasing the planning value p* to .5.

CHAPTER 9TP: Which of the following describes a type 1 error: Reject Ho when Ho is true. The normal probability distribution can be used to approximate the sampling distribution of P as long as: np>5 and n(1-p)>5 For a lower tail test, the p-
value is the probability of obtaining a value for the test statistic: at least as small as the provided by the sample. In hypothesis testing, the tentative assumption about the population parameter is called: The null hypothesis. For the case where O is
unknown which statistic is used to estimate o? S. Which of the following describes a type 2 error: Accept Ho when Ho is false. As the test statistic becomes larger the Pvalue: becomes smaller. Applications of hypothesis testing that only control for
the type 1 error are called: Significance test. The pvalue is a probability that measures the support for the: Null hypothesis. What is the probability of making a type 1 error: a The probability of making a type 1 error when the null hypothesis is true
as an equality is called the: level of significance. Whenever the probability of making a type 2 error has not been determined and controlled, only two conclusions are possible. We either reject Ho or: do not reject Ho. For the case where o is
unknown, test statistic has a t distribution, what is degree of freedom? N-1 Which of the following does not need to be known in order to compute the pvlaue: The level of significance. Which of the following null hypotheses cannot be correct Ho:
u=/10 For a two-tailed test, the pvalue is the probability of obtaining a value for the test statistic unlikely as that provided by the sample. The pvalue: Must be a number between 0and 1.

(Chapter10TP): In most applications… where either or both samples sizes are less than 30: The distribution of the population becomes an important consideration. Regarding hypothesis test about p1-p2, the pooled estimate of p is a Weighted average
pf p1 and p2. When completing a two tailed hypothesis test about the difference between two population means: P-value must be doubled. When x is unknown, which of the following is used to estimate x S. If we are interested in testing weather
the proportion of items in population 1 is larger than the proportion of items in population 2 then Alternative hypothesis should state p1-p2>0. Regarding inferences about the difference between two population means, the alternative to the
matched sample design is Independent samples. The sampling distribution of p1-p2 is approximated by a Normal distribution. If two large independent random samples are taken from two populations, the sampling distribution of the difference
between two samples can be approximated by a normal distribution. Company wants to identify which of the two production methods has the smaller time… Matched samples. When developing an interval estimate for the differne between two
sample means with sample sizes of n1 and n2 N1 and n2 can be of different sizes.

CH 14 Suppose a residual plot of x verses the residuals, y - ŷ, shows a nonconstant variance. as the values of x get larger, the ability to predict y becomes less accurate. we make an assumption about the form of the relationship between x and y. We
assume that the relationship between x and y is: linear. If the coefficient of determination is a positive value, then the coefficient of correlation: can be either negative or positive. In a regression analysis, the error term ε is a random variable with a mean or
expected value of zero. the independent variable to the expected value of the dependent variable, regression equation. Larger values of r2 imply that the observations are more closely grouped about the: least squares line. Influential observations always:
None of the above are correct. When working with regression analysis, an outlier is: any observation that does not fit the trend shown by the remaining data. Observations with extreme values for the independent variables are called: high leverage points. If
the estimated regression equation should be useful for: estimation and prediction. An F test, based on the F probability distribution, can be used to test for: significance in regression. what distribution do confidence and prediction intervals follow?
t distribution The coefficient of determination: Cannot be negative The value of the coefficient of correlation (r): can be equal to the value of the coefficient of determination (r2). In a regression analysis, an outlier will always increase: the value of the correlation.
If a residual plot of x versus the residuals, y - ŷ, shows a non-linear pattern, then we should conclude that: the regression model is not an adequate representation of the relationship between the variables. an interval estimate of the mean value of y for a given
value of x is called a(n): confidence interval. An observation that has a strong influence or effect on the regression results is called a(n): influential observation A graph of the standardized residuals plotted against values of the normal scores that helps to
determine whether the assumption that the error term has a normal probability distribution appears to be valid is called a: normal probability plot. One such assumption is that the values of ɛ are: independent. Graphical representation of the residuals that
can be used to determine whether the assumptions made about the regression model appear to be valid is called a: residual plot. One such assumption is that the variance of ɛ, denoted by 𝝈2, is: the same for all values of x. One such assumption is that the
error term follows ɛ a(n) _____ distribution for all values of x. normal In regression analysis, the equation in the form y = 𝛽0 + 𝛽1x + ε is called the: regression model. Which of the following statements is false? Regression analysis can be interpreted as a
procedure for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. When constructing a confidence or a prediction interval to quantify the relationship between two quantitative variables, the appropriate degrees of freedom are: n – 2. In
regression analysis, the variable that is being predicted is the: dependent variable The model developed from sample data that has the form y= bo + b1x is known as the: estimated regression equation. The difference between the observed value of the
dependent variable and the value predicted using the estimated regression equation is called a(n): residual. whenever we want to predict an individual value of y for a new observation corresponding to a given value of x, we should use a(n): prediction
interval. One such assumption is that the error term ɛ is a random variable with a mean or expected value of: 0

CH 15 In general, R2 always _____ as independent variables are added to the regression model. Increases Which of the following variables is categorical? Gender to predict the mean for ALL units that meet a particular set of given criteria,
that interval is called a(n): confidence interval. In a multiple regression model, the values of the error term, ε, are assumed to be: independent of each other. Dummy variables must always have: values of either 0 or 1. In a multiple regression model, the
values of the error term, ε, are assumed to be: normally distributed. Suppose, after calculating an estimated multiple regression equation, we find that the value of R2 is .9201. Interpret this value. 92.01% the variability in y can be explained by the
estimated regression equation The study of how a dependent variable y is related to two or more independent variables is called: multiple regression analysis. The method used to develop the estimated regression equation that minimizes the sum of
squared residuals is called the: least squares method. In a multiple regression model, the error term ε is assumed to have a mean of: 0 The proportion of the variability in the dependent variable that can be explained by the estimated multiple regression
equation is called the: multiple coefficient of determination. When we conduct significance tests for a multiple regression relationship, the F test will be used as the test for: overall significance The term used to describe the case when the independent
variables in a multiple regression model are correlated is: multicollinearity. All things held constant, which interval will be wider: a confidence interval or a prediction interval? prediction interval Since the multiple regression equation generates a plane or
surface, its graph is called a: response surface. The term in the multiple regression model that accounts for the variability in y that cannot be explained by the linear effect of the p independent variables is the: error term, backward 3. to predict the mean
for a specific unit that meets a particular set of given criteria, that interval is called a(n): prediction interval. In a multiple regression model, the variance of the error term, ε, is assumed to be: the same for all values of x1, x2,…, xp. The mathematical equation
that explains how the dependent variable y is related to several independent variables and has the form y=Bo+B1x1+B2x2+…Bpxp is called: a multiple regression model. the t test can be conducted for each of the independent variables in the model.
Each of those tests are called tests for: individual significance. In multiple regression analysis: there can be several independent variables, but only one dependent variable. A variable used to model the effect of categorical independent variables is called a(n):
dummy variable If a categorical variable has k levels, then: k – 1 dummy variables are needed.

Chapter 16TP): In multiple regression analysis the general linear model: can be used to accommodate curvilinear relationship between.. The range of the Durbin-Watson statistic is 0 to 4. The regression model y=Bo+B1x1+E is a Second-order
model with one predictor variable. When dealing with the problem of nonconstant variance, we can apply the reciprocal transformation, 1/y as the dependent variable looking at sample correlation coef.. Good predictors Which of the following is not
an iterative variable selection procedure Best-subsets regression. With negative autocorrelation, we expect a positive residual in one period to be A negative residual, then a positive residual. Which of the following statements about the backward
elimination procedure is false? It begins with zero independent variable Multicollinearity can cause problems. .7 for any two of the When autocorrelation is present assumption is the error terms are independent What test can be used to determine
whether first order autocorrelation is present Durbin-Watson test In best subsets regression, Minitab can be used to.. R^2. If the value of y in time period t is related to its value in time period t-1 first order autocorrelation is present. What value of
Durbin Watson statistic indicates that no autocorrelation is present Two How many independent variables does the forward selection process start with zero in order to use the output from a multiple regression model to perform ANOVA Three
The parameter of nonlinear model have exponents other than one Which of the following options guarantees that the best model for a given number of variables will be found Best-subset regression When determining the best estimated regression
equation to model a set of data, the procedure that begins each step Stepwise regression Correlation in the errors that arises when the error terms at successive points in time are related Autocorrelation Durbin-watson test is generally inconclusive
for Smaller sample size The variable selection procedure that identifies the best regression equation given a number of independent variable is Best-subsets regression The effect of two independent variable acting together is called Interaction

Chapter17TP: The model a time series with a seasonal pattern, we treat the season as categorical variable What forecasting method involves selecting a different weight for the most recent k data values in the time series then computing a
weighted average of the values Weighted moving average method The method that uses the average of the most recent K data values in the time series as the forecast for the next period Moving averages. When historical data on the variable being
forecast either not applicable or unavailable what kind of forecasting method should be used? Qualitative methods When using a weighted moving average, if we believe that the recent past is a better predictor Give larger weights to recent
observations What forecasting method uses a weighted average of past time series values as the forecast, it is a special case of the weighted moving averages exponential smoothing A time series from which the effect of season has been removed
by dividing each original time series observation deseasonalized time series What is the component of a time series model that is attributable to multiyear The cyclical component what type of analysis aims to discover a pattern in the historical data
or time series time series analysis What kind of model is appropriate if the seasonal fluctuations change over time, growing larger as the dependent variable increases A multiplicative model A forecast model of the form Tt=Bo+b1T is called
Quadratic trend equation Seasonal and irregular components with values greater than 1.00 indicates effects Above; Below The average of all historical data will always provide the best results as long Stationary Time series regression refers to the use
of regression analysis when the independent variable is Time. Time series component that reflects gradual variability over a long time period A trend A average of the sum of squared forecast errors is called Mean squared error Three of the
following forecasting methods are appropriate for a time series with a horizontal pattern Linear trend regression In the linear trend equation Tt=bo+b1t Y-intercept of the trend line The difference between actual time series and forecast forecast eror
When using categorical variable in multiple regression Klevel, K-1 Seasonal pattern occur when time series plot exhibit.. Time series decomposition can be used to separate Horizontal pattern Which of the following is not present in time series
operational variations. A positive foreast error indicates that the forecasting method underestimated What kind of forecasting method is based on assumption that the variable Casual forecasting method The average of the absolute values of the
forecast error is mean absolute error All of the following are true about qualitative forecasting method except assume the pattern of the past will continue to future If data for a time series analysis is collected on a anuual basis Seasonal historical data
are restrited to past values of the variable to be foreast Time series method Time series method that is used to separate a time series into seasonal Time series decomposition Time series model where do not depend upon level of time additive model