TABLE OF PROCESS UNIT

Names of Real process units Process unit flow Mechanism

process units
Distillation − The distillation column is made
column up of a series of stacked plates.
− A liquid feed containing the
mixture of more liquids enters
the column at one or more
points.
− The liquid flows over the
plates, and vapor bubbles up
through the liquid via holes in
the plates.
− As liquid travels down the
column, the vapor comes in
contact with it several times
due to the multiple plates
− The liquid and vapor phases are
brought into contact because
as one molecule of higher
boiling material converts from
vapor to liquid phase by energy
release, another molecule of
the low boiling material utilizes
the free energy to convert from
liquid to vapor phase.
Absorption − Gas mixture contacts a solvent
column − The solvent enters the top of a
column, flow downs and
emerges at the bottom
− Gas enters at the bottom, flows
up and leaves at the top

Adsorption − Gas / liquid mixture contacts a

column solid (adsorbed)
− Mixture component adheres to
the surface of the solid

Heat − Two fluid streams are allowed

exchanger to exchange heat
− One stream is to be cooled
− One stream is to be heated
 TABLE OF PROCESS UNIT

Crystallization − Liquid is cooled / solvent is

evaporated
− Solid crystal formed

Extraction − Liquid mixture of 2 species contacted

into mixer with solvent
− When contacted, solute transfer to
the solvent
− The mixture is then allowed to settle
into 2 phases that are separated by
gravity

Membrane − A thin solid / liquid film through

− One or more species in a
process stream can be
permeate

Dryer − A wet solid is heated /

contacted with a hot gas stream
− Some / all of the entering liquid
to evaporate
− Vapor and gas it evaporates as
one outlet stream
− Solid emerge at a second outlet
stream

Reactor − Reactants are first placed inside

the reactor and then allowed to
react
− Converting reactants into
desired products by the
presence of catalyst