Certificate

This is to certify that ‘Apoorv’ of class

12-A Red Roses Public School Saket
has completed project titled “To detect
essential nutrients in biscuits”.
During academic year 2018-2019 and
submitted satisfactory report as
compiled in following pages under
supervision of ‘Aparna Singh‘.

______________
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to
my chemistry teacher Mrs. Aparna Singh for
her vital support guidance and encouragement.

I am also highly in deputed to our lab assistant

Mr. Anirudh for guidance and constant
supervision.
 Index
Serial number Topic Page number
1 Aim 1
2 Introduction 2
3 Material Required 3
4 Theory 4
5 Procedure 5-8
6 Observation 9-12
7 Conclusion 13
8 Result 14
9 Bibliography 15
 Aim
To detect the
presence of
essencial
nutrients.
 Introduction
A biscuit is baked edible oil and
commonly based products. Generally
biscuit contain wheat flour,
hydrogenated oil and glucose.

To sell their products and to complete

with other brands, many companies
write essencial nutrients in product
packaging which are actually not
present in order to attract customer.

So, motive of my project is to detect

nutrients in biscuits.
 Material-
required
1. Benedicts Reagent
2. Concentrated Nitric Acid
3. Ammonia Onlate
4. Potassium Ferrocyanide
5. Nrsslers Reagent
6. Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
7. Fehling Solution A & B
8. Ammonium Hydroxide
 Theory
Organic and Inorganic tests are done to find out
presence of different nutrients in biscuits
ORGANIC TEST
Chemically, fats, oils are ester of glycol and higher
fatty acids
Proteins are polymers of amino acid i.e. polypeptide
Substance (proteins) + NaOH + CuSO4  violet color
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate (aq) + Fehling soln  Red ppt.

INORGANIC TEST
Precipitate of substance when Qsp > ksp.
Confirmatory test for Ions.
 PROCEDURE
 FOR FATS
In biscuit powder, add water and
shake well.
Large no. of droplets are seen
 FOR AMMONIA
Take about 2ml of aqueous solution
of given sample of biscuit and add 1-
2ml of Nessler Reagent.
Formation of brown ppt.
2K2HgI4 + NH3 + 3KOH  H2N.HgOHgI
For Carbohydrates
Benedicts
Take about 1ml of aqueous solution of biscuit
add around 2-3ml of Benedicts Reagent. Boil
the mixture and allow it to cool
RCHO + 2Cu2+ + 4OH-  RCOOH + Cu2O + 2H2O
Formation of Red ppt.
FEHLING’S TEST
Take about 2ml of aqueous solution of biscuit
add 1-2ml of Fehling solution A and B.
Keep test tube in water bath.
C6H12O6 + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH  C3H11O-7Na+ +
3H2O + Cu2O
Formation of Red ppt.
FOR Bicarbonates
To a pinch of aqueous solution of biscuit add
dilute HCl.
NaHCO3 + HCl  NaCl + H2O + CO2
Brisk Effervescence.

For Proteins
BLURET
Take some biscuit powder and add 2-3ml of
NaOH and 4-5 drops of CuSO4 .
Formation of Yellow ppt.

For Calcium
AMMONIUM OXLATE
Take 2ml of aqueous solution of biscuit.
Add ammonium oxlate and little NH4OH.
Formation of yellow ppt.
(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 2CH3COONH4 +
CaC2O4

For Calcium
Take 2ml of aqueous solution of biscuit.
Add potassium Ferro-cyanide solution.
Formation of blue color.
4FeCl3 + 3K4[Fe(CN)6]  13KCl + Fe[Fe(CN)6]3
(Blue ppt)
 carbohy Bicarbo protein calcium fat iron Ammo
drate nates nia

Good Present Present Present Present Present Absent Absent

day

Hide & Present Present Present Absent Present Absent Absent

seek

Tiger Present Present Present Present Present Present Absent

Parle-G Present Present Present Present Absent Present Absent

Result
Carbohydtaes Present in all.
Bicarbontes Present in all.
Proteins Present in all.
(except hide &
seek)
Calcium Present in all.
(except hide &
seek)
Fat Present in all.
Iron Absent in all.
(except hide &
seek)
ammonia Absent in all.