PyccKHH a.

rr<l;>aBHT

The Alphabet

The Russian alphabet was devised by a monk, St. Cyril, who was born
in Thessaloniki, Greece, around A.D. 827. The Russian alphabet is now
called Cyrillic in honor of St. Cyril.

p PYCCKHH AJI<I>ABHT I

L
Letter English Approximate Letter English Approximate
spelling sound spelling sound
Aa a father Pp r pero (Spanish)
E6 b bad Cc s sad
BB v very TT t stain
rr g gun Yy u boom
LI.A d door ci><P f far
Ee e, ye yet Xx kh loch
:Ee yo New York IJ;Q ts cats
)K)K zh measure q~ ch child
33 z zoo Illrn sh shine
11M i eel Ill,rn; shch fresh cheese
i
till' y boy p (hard sign) (no sound)
KK k ski hi i hill
Jln 1 lock h (soft sign) (no sound)
MM m man 33 e set
HH n noise IOIO yu university
Oo 0 or 5151 ya yard
llrr p spin

Nummikoski, Marita; Toika; a communicative approach to Russian

language,
f\ \ life and culture; John Wiley, 2012; p.1-152.
pYCCKHH aJI«<laBHT 1
1. The Cyrillic alphabet is relatively easy to read. Try to read the following Note: Unstressed o is
list of American states in Russian. pronounced [a] or [1:)].
1. Texac 5. A.rra6aMa 8. lfH,D,HaHa See the section Notes
2. MoHTaHa 6. MHHHec6Ta 9. KarrHcp6pHHSI on Pronunciation for
details.
3. KoJiopa,D,o 7. ApH36Ha 10. <I>JiopH:,D,a
4. 0KJiax6Ma
There are 33 characters in the Cyrillic alphabet, some of which are the same
as in English.

SAME AS ENGLISH
Russian letter Aa Ee KK MM Oo TT
English equivalent a e k m 0 t '

2. Read the following Russian words.

1. TOM 3. aTOM
2. KOT 4. MaMa

FAMILIAR LOOKING, BUT DIFFERENT SOUNDING

Russian letter BB Hu Pp Cc Yy Xx
English equivalent v n r s u kh

3. Read the following American first names.

1. CKOTT 3. AHHa 5. Tepeca
2. MapK 4. BaHecca 6. XyaH

DIFFERENT LOOKING, BUT FAMILIAR SOUNDING

Russian letter 1>6 rr )1,)1, 33
English equivalent b g d z
Russian letter lin JIJI Tin <De}>
English equivalent i 1 p f

4. Read some more American first names.

1. P66epT 5. A,rJ,aM 8. IlaTpHK
2. THM 6. KeJIJIH 9. JlH3
3. fper 7. JlHH,rJ,a 10. TH:cpcpaHH
4. KpHC

2 PyccKuii: aJiciJaBHT
5. The following Russian words sound very much like English.
1. At home children have a MaMa and rrarra.
2. In your room you have a JiaMrra and pa,ll,HO.
3. A teenager's best friend is the rene<P6H.
4. To get money you go to a 6aHK.
5. When your car is broken you may need to take a raKeR.
6. At the zoo you can see a <PnaMHHro, a r11rp, and a 3e6pa.

6. Can you recognize the following musical instruments?

1. mrapa 4. KJiapHer
2. 6ac-mrapa 5. rpoM66H
3. caKco<P6H

INTERESTING S-SOUNDS
)Kx has the approximate sound of s in pleasure, usually. )KaHHa is
zh a girl's name. )Kwpa<P is an animal you might see at the zoo.
You can read a )l(ypHan. The person who writes in one is a
)l(ypHaJIHCT.
Il,u, sounds like the last two letters in cats. An African insect that
ts causes sleeping disease is called a u;eu;e fly. When Russian
children want to see clowns they go to the u;HpK.
qq looks like the number 4. It is pronounced like ch in child. The
ch Russian spelling of the name Charlie is '-lapnw.
illrn is pronounced like sh in shine. All Russian children over six
sh years of age go to a IIIK6na.
!Urn; looks like the previous letter with a tail. It is pronounced like
shch the combination of sh and ch in fresh cheese. The famous
Russian red beet soup is called 6opiiJ;.

7. Russians spell English names the way they are pronounced. For instance,
Chelsea would be spelled '-lencH in Russian. Try to match the English
names with the corresponding Russian spellings.

1. '-lapm Jim 5. ,lJ,)I(HM Charles

2. ,lJ,)I(OH Sean 6. ,II,)I(e<P John
3. IlloH Michelle 7. Illapnor Sharon
4. IllepoH Charlotte a. Mwiiien Jeff

PyccKuii a.JI!PasuT 3
 THE YO-, YU-, YA- GROUP
Ee looks like the letter e with dots on. It is pronounced like yo
yo in New York. The two dots on top are optional and are used
mainly in language textbooks. The syllable with e is always
stressed. A Russian Christmas tree is a enKa.
1010 looks like the number 10. It is pronounced yu, as in yule.
yu Russians also have a sense of IDMOp (humor).
.SI.H looks like a backwards r. It has the sound of ya, as in yard.
ya 51ryap is a large cat and also a make of car.

?
'--
8. When the letters e, 10, or .H are not at the beginning of the word, the
sound resembles o, u, and a, respectively. Listen to the recording and
imitate the speaker's pronunciation of the following Russian names in
which these letters appear in different positions.

1. Anerna 6. AH)J,p!Orna
2. <l>e)J,op 7. 51KOB
3. lOpa 8. 51 rna
4. IOJIH5I 9. C6HH
5. KaT:IDrna 10. K6nH

ADDITIONAL SOUNDS
fiu H KpaTKoe, short i, looks like H with a hat on. It is pronounced
y like the letter y in boy. In Texac you can often see a KOB66:H
(cowboy). H KpaTKoe is often used in combination with other
vowels, for example:
a:H, e:H, Hli, o:H, y:H, hiM

The hat on top of the letter ii is not optional, unlike the dots on
the letter e.
bl looks as though it is formed of two parts. It sounds like the
i letter i in hill. This letter never starts a word.
Tenesinopbi televisions Tene¢6Hbi telephones
33 E o6opoTH6e, the "backwards e" is pronounced like the e in set.
e It is used mostly at the beginning of a word. If your first name
starts with an [e] sound, you should use this letter.
3JIHHOp 3pHH
3pHK 3nina6eT

4 PyccKuii aJI«}lasuT
("g. Listen to the recording and imitate the speaker's pronunciation of the
following Russian words.
Ma:HKa T-shirt H3BeCTHhiH famous
KaHape:HKa canary TeJiembophi televisions
MY3eH museum <PPYKTbi fruit
pycCKHH Russian p"h16a fish
IIJIOXOH bad 3TO this
IIO)KaJiyH perhaps 3CTOHH5I Estonia

SPELLING SIGNS
b M5rrKHH 3HaK (soft sign) does not have a sound of its own. It is
a spelling sign indicating that the preceding consonant is soft,
or palatalized (more about this in the Notes on Pronunciation).
0Jihra is a common first name for women. Do not confuse the
soft sign with the letters s, 6, and hi.
'b TBepp;bill 3HaK (hard sign) is sometimes used as a separating sign bet-
ween the prefix and the stem of a word. Very few words have this sign.
- - - - - - - -

010. Listen to the recording and imitate the speaker's pronunciation of the
l following Russian words.
0Jihra Olga
IIHCllTeJib writer
IIHCbMO letter
6oJihiii6:H big
B'he3p; entrance (hard sign)

Notes on Pronunciation

Word Stress
The stress may fall on any syllable in a word. To help students pronounce
Russian correctly, the stressed syllable is marked with an accent on the
vowel. You can see the accent marks in textbooks, but not in materials
intended for native speakers. Russians do not normally write the accents. In
this textbook, the stress is marked except in monosyllabic words, and when
the stress falls on a capital letter.

~
L-
6rrepa
aKTplica
(stress on the first syllable)
(stress on the second syllable)
TeJie<P6H (stress on the third syllable)
PycCKun am!JauuT 5
 The syllable with eis always stressed, and therefore no accent mark is needed.
eJIKa (stress on the first syllable)
6epe3a (stress on the second syllable)

Note: Do not confuse the accent mark on u with the letter ii. The hat is
part of ii and should always be written, whereas the accent on u is optional.
Compare the following:

f KapaH,JJ,arnir (optional accent mark on the letter u)

(ii in a stressed syllable preceded by another vowel.
The stress mark on e is optional, but the hat on ii is
required)
The stressed syllable is pronounced with greater emphasis than the unstressed
syllable(s). The vowel in the stressed syllable is slightly longer and more
distinct than in unstressed syllables.

Pronunciation of o, a, _e, and B in Stressed and

Unstressed Positions
Q in a stressed syllable Q in an unstressed syllable
[o]* [a] in a position right before a stressed syllable
OH 30BYT
,JJ,OMa omi
[J] in other unstressed positions
xoporn6
rrpo<Peccop
* Notice that the Russian letter o does not have the u-glide, as in the English
word home.

i! in a stressed syllable i! in an unstressed syllable

[a] [a] in a position right before a stressed syllable

MaMa Marnil:Ha
[J] in other unstressed positions
cyMKa

~ 1. Listen to the recording and imitate the speaker's pronunciation of the

L- following words.
Q in the stressed syllable Q in the unstressed syllable
rrpwp6,JJ,a nature ropa mountain
r6pbi mountains IIOKa bye
Mapa<P6H marathon )J,O CBH)J,clHH5I good-bye
co6aKa dog
6 PyccKuii aJI<IJaBIIT
 Q in different positions
rm6xo badly
rmox6:H bad
xoporrr6 well
rror6.D:a weather
rrop6.D:a breed
ropo.D:a cities
6opo,!l;a beard
roJioca voices

~ in a stressed syllable ~ in an unstressed syllable

[e] [i]
ra3em peKa

('t 2. Listen and repeat.

(
t- ~ in the stressed syllable ~ in the unstressed syllable
cTy.D:eHT student Texac Texas
crropTcMeHKa athlete f. MeTp6 subway
rrpocpeccop professor aMepiiKaHCKIIH American

H in stressed syllables H in unstressed syllables

[ya] [yJ] at the end of the word

pyccKaH
HpKO [yi] at the beginning of a word
Jl3biK
[i] in other unstressed positions
,!J;eCHTh

('t 3. Listen and repeat.

(
~ H in the stressed syllable unstressed H at the beginning
s'J6JIOKO apple SIHI.J,6 egg
Mas!K lighthouse SIHBaph January
s!cHo clearly
unstressed H at the end of a word unstressed H in other positions
AHrJIIISI England .D:eBSITh nine
xop6rrraSI good IISITIIJieTKa five-year plan
IIJIOXaSI bad

PyccKuii am}>asuT 7
 Hard and Soft Consonants
Most Russian consonants have a soft (palatalized) and a hard (nonpalatalized)
variant and, therefore, two different pronunciations. The palatalized
consonants are pronounced with tongue high and forward in the mouth.

A consonant is a 3 0 y bl 0 (before another

hard before the consonant)
following:
A consonant is 5I e e 10 li b
soft before the
following:

? 4. Listen to the recording and repeat the following words.

L- JU~HTa (soft l)
miMrra (hard l)
micTa (hard s)
IIHCbMO (soft s)
ammniTop (hard r)
Hropb (soft r)

0 5. Listen to the pronunciation of the hard and soft variants of the following
~- consonants. Repeat after the recording.

consonant hard soft

JI miMrra JieHTa (e follows)
3 30HT raJ eTa
JI miMrra Jlf)J; (e follows)
T TOM TeTH
p poK TypucT (u follows)
JI JUpa HJIH
H AHna Tan» (»follows)
T TaMapa KaT»
T Tyna KaTiorna (ro follows)
c cyMKa croprrpin
JI B6Jira 0JILra (soft sign follows)
c rracTa IIHCbMO

8 PycCKuii a.rt«i>aBHT
 The Letters ~' ~' n, and 10 at the Beginning of Words
or After Another Vowel
The letters e, e, H, and 10 start with a distinct y-sound at the beginning of a
word and after another vowel.

0 6. Listen and repeat.

(
Beginning of word
eCJIH
EKaTepima
EJieHa
eJIKa
e)KHK
HCHO
.sima
lOpa
IOrriiTep
After another vowel
Kpacimee
ee
pyccKaH
cJiyrnaiO

0 7. Listen and repeat. After a consonant, the letters e, e, H, and 10 have a

L vowel sound only.
JleHa
AJierna
TaHJI
Kanorna

f' 8. Listen and repeat. Notice the difference between the letters 3 and e.
l
3 e
3pHKa EJieHa
3To eCJIH

If your name is Eric, Elizabeth, Elinor, or the like, the Russian spelling
should start with an 3; otherwise, your name will be mispronounced.

PyccKuii a.rt«!>asuT 9
 Voiced and Voiceless Consonants
The distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants exists in many
languages, including English (hlp, v!f, d/t, etc.). Twelve Russian consonants
can be arranged into voiced and voiceless pairs.

voiced 6 B r )]; )K 3

voiceless II <P K T III c

Words ending in a voiced consonant are pronounced with the corresponding

voiceless consonant. A native Russian with a typical Russian accept might
say in English
I'm goink to a meetink.
or: I'm hungry. I want some foot.

f' 9. Listen to the devoicing of consonants in the following words. The actual
i pronunciation is given in brackets. Repeat after the recording.
KJiy6 [... rr]
11BaHOB [...<P]
p;pyr [... K]
r6pop; [...T]
MY)K [... III]
ra1 [... c]

Consonant assimilation takes places in consonant clusters containing both

voiced and voiceless consonants. The second consonant in the cluster
determines the quality of the first one.

010. Listen and repeat. If the second consonant is voiced, the first one is
r"
L pronounced voiced.
OT)J:{~JI [ap;p;eJI]
BOK3aJI [Baf3aJI]
If the second consonant is voiceless, the first one is pronounced
voiceless.
KaBKa3 [Ka<PKac]
JIO)KKa [JIOIIIKa]
Cursive Writing Chart
Printed Italics Cursive
Aa Aa .A~
E6 E6 ~d
BB Be gg Lowercase g is a tall letter.
rr rz :r'b Lowercase 'b has rounded corners.
Jl,~ JI.a JJ?
Ee Ee ce
:Ee Ee te
)I()K )/()I( JICotO
33 33 J, Uppercase Jlooks like the number 3.
IIH Hu Utb
HH: flu lla The "hat" is required.
KK KK ;f;v Lowercase "' is a short letter.
JlJI JlJl .A~ This letter has a hook in front.
MM MM .At<Mt This letter has a hook in front.
HH HH ltH-
Oo Oo Oa.
nn Iln J[f//
Pp Pp J>~ Lowercase~ is not closed.
Cc Cc Co
TT Tm Jl[flV Lowercase m often has a line on top to distinguish it from {,(),,
Yy Yy Yy Uppercase !I does not extend below the line.
<Pep <Pp !fJ<p
Xx Xx X a;
ll,Q au. Z(,u, The tail on this letter is very small.
l..{q lfll ?t~ Lowercase ~ has sharp corners.
IIIrn IIItu ?Jj,{,tb Lowercase {,(),often has a line under it to distinguish it from m.
IlJ;IQ Jaw, Z4Uir The tail on this letter is very small.
b 'b 't> This letter has a square top.
hi bl 6b

h b 6- Do not confuse the soft sign with the letter &

33 33 J~ Do not confuse with J.
IOIO 1010 /Of().
51SI Jlft Jl& This letter has a hook in front.
---·-
-
PyccKuii ampasuT 11
Notes on Cursive Writing
1. Letters~~ IV, m, and IV are connected to the top. The left -side
downward stroke needs to stay intact.

2. The Russian letter )J, looks like this in cursive: 1 F' ~

3. Notice the difference between the letters r 1.- (rounded corners) and
q ~(sharp corners).

~~WfW? ~~~

4. The upper case J does not extend below the line, unlike the lower
casey.

~ mAJ"V~~
5. The letter ty has a very small tail: ~~ ~

6. 8 and dare the only tall letters.

7. The soft sign is a small letter that looks like the number "six:' Do
not confuse it with the letter 8.
()' ~~ ~~ <Ytel{;6t

8. The letter 6b looks like the soft sign with an extra line.

~AMW,&,~,~
9. 3 has a circular shape with a line in the middle, whereas the upper-
case Jlooks like the number "three:' J~
3 is connected to the next letter from the middle: Gn'W
Since the word 3TO is one of the first words you will learn, make
sure that you learn to write it correctly.

12 PyccKuii aJI<t>asnT
10. The lettersc.k, db, and Ob have a "hook'' in the front only.

~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~
~

~p&,rv~.
11. Do not confuse the letter II with H:. The II KpaTKoe (H:) often appears
after another vowel: ali, eli, IIH oil, yH:, hiH. The "hat" on the letter is
required.

~~twUCa,
Pay special attention to words with one II:
fUJ-~ (no "hat")
but:~
Also, do not confuse a stress mark on II (used in your textbook)
with the letter H:.
KpOKO,ll;IIJI
Leave the stress marks out in cursive. ~
12. The letter Uk ends with a downward stroke. Do not confuse it with
the English "w:'
Uk ~~ ~

PyccKuii aJiljlasnT 13
YpoK 1 (IIepobiu ypoK)
KaK sac 30ByT?

THEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES

• Introducing people
• Asking yes-or-no questions
• Describing people with
adjectives of nationality
and quality
• Asking someone's name
• Inquiring about someone's
profession
• Greeting people
• Russian first names and last
names
• Introductions
• Formal and informal
address
• Professions and gender
• Introduction to famous
Russians
• Addressing teachers
• Omission of the verb to be
• Gender of nouns:
Introduction
• Intonation in questions
• Negative sentences
• Adjective agreement:
Introduction
• Object forms of personal
pronouns
• Formal and informal address
• Who? questions
• Professions and gender

t
BJia)J,uMup Bbicou,Kuii- 3To H3BCCTHbiii: pyccKuii apTucT.
KaK Bac JOB"jT? 15
Introducing People

IKro:lro?
4

1.1 Omission of the Verb to be

1.2 Gender of Nouns: Introduction

A3TO KTO?

The words apnkT

and apTIICTKa imply
a performing artist
only, not a painter,
sculptor, etc.

apTHCTKa aKTpuca

A 3To npo<t>eccop.

3To cnopTcMen
unu cnopTcMenKa?

Asking Yes-or-No Questions

,II.a, ::ho apTIICTKa.

0
3TO apTHCTKa? HeT, ::ho cnopTcMenKa.
HeT, 3To ue apTIICTKa, a cnopTcMeHKa.

1.3 Intonation in Questions

1.4 Negative Sentences

16 YpoKl
t1. 3To aKTep? Make up minidialogues using the names of famous
artists, actors, athletes, and presidents. You can start off with the
ideas below.

Model: George Washington/actor

S1: Ll,xop)J,x Bamuunou- aKTep?
S2: HeT, rrpe3II.D:eHT.
or: HeT, )J,)I(OP.Ll:)l( BaiiiiiHITOH He aKTep, a rrpe3II,LJ;eHT.
1. Abraham Lincoln/actor 3. Brad Pitt/artist
2. Barbra Streisand/athlete 4. Julia Roberts/professor

Describing People with Adjectives

of Nationality and Quality

3TO xopomuu pyccKnii apn'IcT.

KT0:3TO?
3TO xopoma.H pyccKa.H apTHCTKa.

1.5 Adjective Agreement

3ro xopomuu pyccKuil apn1cT. 3TO UJIOXOH pycCKHH apn1cT. 3TO xopomas pyccKa» apTHCTKa?

Adjectives of nationality
pycCKIIH pyccKaSI
aMepiiKaHCKIIH aMepiiKaHCKaSI
aHrJIHHCKIIH aHrJIHHCKaSI
KaHa,LJ;CKIIH KaHa,LJ;cKaSI
Adjectives of quality
3To aurmlucKuu rypH.cr?
XOpOIIIIIH xop6IIIaSI
Hemmx6:H HeiiJIOXaSI
rmox6:H IIJIOXaSI
H3BeCTHhiH II3BeCTHaSI

KaK uac Jouyr? 17

 t
3TO pyccKnn apnicT? ,II;a, pyCCKHD.
HeT, ue pyccKnn, a aMepuKaucKnn.
t
3TO pyCCKHH apTitCT? ,IJ;a, apTIICT.
HeT, ue apnlcT, a CT)')J,euT.
t
3TO xopomuu apnicT? ,II;a, oqeub xopomuu.

1.3 Intonation

~2. 3To xopomaH apnlcTKa.

A. The following chart names participants of a Russian-American cultural
exchange program. Introduce the participants to your friend in Russian.
Model: JleHa- xop6rna51 pyccKa51 apnicTKa.
American group Russian group
athletes: CID3aHHa MapK TaH51 lOpa
artists: K:§m ,il,)KOH JleHa E6p51
actors: JIH:Hp;a 3H,D;p10 KaT 51 fp:Hrna
students: JIH3 IIon HaTarna 11ropb
B. Your friend does not seem to have a very good memory. Practice
questions and answers according to the model.
S1: JleHa- cnopTcMeuKa?

S2: HeT, JleHa apTHCTKa.

S1: JleHa- aMepuKaucKaH apTHCTKa?

S2: HeT, JleHa pyccKa51 apTHCTKa.

3. 3To n3secTHbiii apnlcT. Names of foreign celebrities are often seen

in Russian newspapers. Read the following names. What are their
professions and nationalities? What do you think of them?

Model: ToM Kpy3- (3To) xop6rnHH:/H3BecTHhiH aMepHKaHcKHH aKTep.

1. 3JITOH ,il,)KOH 6. AH,IJ;)KeJIH:Ha ,Il;)KOJIH

2. ,lJ;)KaHeT ,lJ;)KeKCOH 7. XbiO fpaHT
3. ,IJ,)Kopp;)K Eyrn 8. Map;6HHa
4. K3TH XonMc 9. P6Hanbp; PeH:raH
5. ,lJ;)KOH JleHHOH 1o. MaH:K MaH:3pc

18 Yp6Kl
 Asking Someone's Name

f MALE
RUSSIAN FIRST NAMES

FEMALE Unlike American first

names, Russian full
Full Name Nickname Full Name Nickname
names are exclusively
ArreKdmp;p Chna ArreKcaHp;pa Carna either masculine or
Esremdi: )KeH51 Esremu1 )KeH51 feminine. Some nick-
names, however, can
ArreKceH: Arrerna A.rrJia *
AHp;peH: AHp;piOrna AHHa AH51 be both male and
female, e.g., Carna
Eop:Hc E6p51 BaneHTHHa Ban51
and )K.eH51.
BaJieHTHH Ban51 Bepa *
BHKTOP Bin51 EKaTep:HHa Kh51
BJiap;:HMnp BoJI6,IJ;51,B6sa EJieHa neHa
fe6pruH: )K6pa, f6rna 11p:HHa 11pa
fpur6pnH: fp:Hrna nap:Hca napa
HsaH BaH51 Map:HHa *
Hroph * Map:H51 Marna
MaKc:HM * Hap;e)I()J;a Hap;51
Muxa:HJI M:Hrna HaTMh51 HaTarna
HHKoJiaH: K6JI51 H:HHa *
OJier * 0Jihra 0JI51
CeprM Cepe)Ka CseTJiaHa CseTa
IOpuH: lOp a Cocp:H51 C6H51
TaTh5ma TaH51
---- -~- - -- -··-··-

*These names do not have a special nickname form. Er6 is pronounced

[yiv6].
ero Ero Ee is pronounced
KaK ee 3ooY'T? Ee 30BYT··· [yiy6].
HX Hx

1.6 Object Forms of Personal Pronouns

KaK ero 30ByT? KaK ee 30ByT? KaK ux 3osyT?

Er6 30BYT CepreH:. Ee 30BYT JleHa. Hx 30BYT IOpa H Kan1.
KaK Bac 3oByT? 19
 Russian First Names
Russian names change with a person's age.
For example, if, according to an official birth
certificate, a child's name is AneKcaH,n;p, he
may be called CarneHhKa (endearing form)
throughout his life by his mother. When he
goes to school he is called Carna (nickname) by
his teachers and new friends. When friends get
to know him better he will probably be known
as CarnKa. Children and adults sometimes
use the -Ka ending as a form of approval
among close friends. In higher grades teachers
may use his full name, AneKcaH,n;p, or his last
name only. His friends still call him Carna or,
less frequently now, CarnKa. When he is ready to
enter the adult world, he will be called AneKcaH,n;p
I1eTp6s~rq (full name and patronymic, derived
from his father's name) by his colleagues, only to
be called CarneHhKa again, occasionally, by his
future wife.
The same applies to women's names. EneHa
becomes J1eHoliKa in the home environment
and J1eHa (sometimes J1eHKa) at school. At
work she will be called EneHa lleTpOBHa, and at
home, J1eHOliKa, by her husband.

CarnenLKa Cam a CarnKa A.JJeKcan,!J,p IleTposuq CarneuLKa

.4. KaK en) 3osyT? KaK ee 3osyT? KaK ux 3osyT?

A. Which question would you ask to get the following responses?
Er6/ee/Hx 3oByT...
1. - BaH5I. 3. - MH:rna. 5. - Hpa H J1apa.
2. -Marna. 4. - K6JI5I. 6. - HeT, He TaH5I, a C6H5I.

B. Find out who your classmate is thinking about.

S1: KTo 3To? S1: 3TO pyccKuu apTH:cT? S1: KaK ero 30ByT?
S2: 3To apn'icT. S2: HeT, 3To aMepHKaHCKHH apTH:cT. S2: Er6 30ByT ...

KaK Te6s 3osyT? Mens 30BYT AuH.

KaK sac 3os)'T? Men.R 30BYT Anna TiasJioBna. I Mens 30BYT Anna.

Qqenb npHBTno. Qqenb npHBTno.

1.7 Formal and Informal Address

20 YpoKl
 Introductions
Russian children and teenagers often introduce
themselves with their first names (nickname)
only, for example, Carna, HaTarna. Adults use
their full first names and patronymics (father's
name), for example AneKcaH.D:P I1eTp6srrq,
HaTaJihSI I1eTp6BHa. When talking to foreigners,
most of whom do not have patronymics,
Russians sometimes omit their own patronymics
as well. Omitting patronymics, however, does
not necessarily imply informal form of address.
Thus, the question What is your name? would
still be KaK sac 3os,Yr?
../

5. Qqeuh npmiTuo. Explain the reason for formal and informal address in each
of the pictures and for the omission of the patronymic in picture (c).

2 f:!
(a) - KaK Te6s 3ooyT? (b) - KaK oac 3ooyT? (c) - Mens 3ooyT Enena.
- Mens 30BYT BoJIO)J,H. -Mens 3oo)'T Hmin Hoanoon11. A oac? A oac KaK?
ATe6s? -Anna IIaonoona. - MaitKJI.
- Jiena. - Qqenh npusTno. - 011enh npusTno.

ts. KaK sac 3onyT? or KaK Te6s1 3ooyT?

A. Which question would you use when addressing
1. a small child 4. your friend's mother
2. your new teacher 5. a teenager
3. a new classmate

B. Introduce yourself to your classmates, as in picture (c) or (a).

Russian Last Names

Many Russian last names (<lJaMHJIIISI) have two different Masculine Feminine
forms, masculine and feminine. If a man's last name is ITyrnKIIH IT yrnKrrHa
HBaH6B, his wife's last name is HBaH6Ba. Their children are lJexos lJexosa
also HBaHOB (sons) and HsaH6Ba (daughters). .IJ:ocTOeBCKHH .IJ:ocTOeBcKaH
ToncToif Toncnis
Some last names have adjective forms with the feminine
ending in -as.

KaK oac 3oByT? 21

7. KaK ero <t>aMHJIHH? KaK ee <t>aMHJIHH? Read the following names
and determine their gender. What would their spouses' last names be?
E.A. ranKHH H.B. ApaKoBa M.l1. fH6noBa E.C. HeqaeB

Inquiring About Someone's Profession

* * ~ ~

KTo TaKoii AHaT6nuH: KaprroB? 3To u3secTHbiii pyccKuii maxMaTucT.

KTo TaKaH AHHa IlaBJioBa? 3To u3secTnaH pyccKaH 6aJiepH:ua.

1.8 Who? Questions

A Russian astro-
naut (aCTPOHaBT)
is called a cosmo-
naut (KOCMOHaBT).

Eanepfma is
2. maxMaTHCT female only. The
word for a male
3. nuc3TeJib
dancer is TaH:u;6p.
1. XOKKeHCT no3T

KOMD03HTOp

6. npoll>eccop

4. 6anepuua
7. KOCMOmlBT
1.9 Professions and Gender acTpomioT

22 YpoKl
.8. Hall of Fame.
A. Here are some famous Russians. Have conversations according
to the model.

51: KTo TaK6H: fappn KacrrapoB?

52: 3To H3BecTHhiH pyccKnif rnaxMaTii:cT.
or: 51: KTO TaKa5I AHHa IlaBJIOBa?
52: 3TO H3BecTHa5I pyccKa5I 6anep!ma.

maxMaTIICT: fappn KacrrapoB, AHaT6nnH: KaprroB

DHtaTCJib: <Pe.D:op JJ,ocTOeBcKnif, JleB TonCT6H:
no:h: AneKcaH.IJ:P IlyrnKnH, AHHa AxMaToBa
KOMU03HTOp: ITeTp l..JaH:K6BcKnif, CepreH: PaxMaHnHoB
KOCMOmlBT: IOpnH: rarapHH, BaneHTIIHa TepeiiiKOBa
6aJiepuua, Tauu,op: AHHa ITaBJioBa, MnxaH:n EaphiiiiHHKOB
apTIICT/Ka: Bna.IJ:H:Mnp Bhic6u;Knif, Anna ITyraqeBa

B. Continue with your own questions. Add these three professions to

your list:
lPYT60JIHCTIKa 6acKeT60JIHCT/Ka TeHHllCHCT/Ka 3TO IOpuu ranipuu.

Greeting People

Formal Informal

MEETING 3.D:paBCTBYHTC! 3.IJ:paBCTByif! 3.IJ:paBCTByH:! is used

any time ITpnBeT! to address one person
informally.
morning )J,66poe yTpo! )J,66poe yTpo!

day )J,66pbiH .IJ:eHh! )J,66phiH .IJ:eHb!

3.D:paBCTBYHTe! is used
evening )J,66pbiH: Beqep! )J,66pbiH: Beqep! to address
• more than one
LEAVING )J,o CBH.IJ:aHH5I! IToKa! I person (formally
any time Bcer6 xop6rnero! or informally)
I
• one person formally
night CrroK6H:HoH: H6qn! CrroKOHHOH H6qn! I

1.10 Formal and Informal Greetings

KaK Bac 30ByT? 23

t\
 Addressing Teachers
If your teacher is native Russian, he or she
is usually addressed with first name and
patronymic: AneKcaH,n;p IleTp6BIPI, Hima
IleTp6aHa. Otherwise, you may use the
words rocrro,n;im (Mr.) or rocrro)Ka (Ms.) and
the last name: rocrro,n;iiH CMHT, rocrro)Ka
f6Me3. In this case it is also possible to use
the words rrpo$eccop or ,n;6KTop with the
last name, for example, rrpo<Peccop CMHT or
,ll;OKTOp f6Me3.

*9. 3)1,paBCTBYHTe!
A. In how many different ways can the missing captions be filled with greetings?

Auua IIaonooua HaTama Huua liopucooua lOp a

BuKTop lleTpoouq Huua liopucooua )J,eTu (children) Kan•
B. How would you ...
1. greet your teacher in the morning 5. say good-bye to your professor
2. greet your best friend in the afternoon 6. greet your friend's father
3. say good-bye to a friend 7. greet all your classmates as a group
4. say good night to your friend's mother 8. greet your friend and his grandfather

KaK )J,ena? Cnacu6o, xopomo. A y Te6.R? I A y sac? KaK ,n;ena? How are
you? (literally: How
are things?) is an
Toxe xopomo.
informal greeting.

1.10 Formal and Informal Greetings

1.11 Adverbs

KaK)J,ena? ./"'
rm ( /U)
./"'
rm ( /U)
,...--- ----.,
ro-- ( -'"0"'>
_./"
/{J
...__
( 'U"'
-
__.../
.-cr-
"'---
( '1:>--

(~ v .~,
L._r
L.v-l
~
I'~

"' - /
OTJIH'IHO o11eHb xopomo xopomo
, - / "-._-/
uennoxo
\~)
DJIOXO

24 YpoKl
t10. KaK )J,emi? Practice greeting your friends. How many different
variations can you make?
Men usually shake
s1: 3.IJ:paBcTByli, _ __ hands when they meet,
whereas women just
S2: _ _ _ , . KaK .IJ:eJia? nod their heads. Men
S1: Crracfl:6o, . A y Te6ii? should not initiate
a handshake with
S2:
women.

A. You should now be able to ...

1. ask who somebody is
2. ask and answer yes-or-no questions about some

..
~
professions, nationality, and quality
3. ask someone's name using formal and informal address For self-tests and additional practice,
4. respond to an introduction ~ please go to the Book Companion
~ Site, available at www.wiley.com/
5. differentiate between masculine and feminine last names college/nummikoski
For access to the videos, please go to
6. inquire about someone's profession if the name is known ~ the Wiley Resource Kit, available with

7. greet people formally and informally at different times of day

~~ your access code at www.wiley.com/
college/wrk

8. say good-bye formally and informally

9. wish someone good night
10. inquire informally how someone is doing

B. Introductions. Introduce five famous Americans in various professions.

C. Famous Russians. What are the professions of the following famous Russians?
1. AHaT6mill: KapnOB 5. AHHa AxMaTOBa 9. AJieKCaH)J;p flyiiiKMH
2. TieTp l.Jall:KOBCKMH 6. Bna)J;HMHp Bbic6QKMll: 10. MnxaH:n EaphiiiiHMKOB
3. AHHa Tiasnosa 7. Jles ToncT6H
4. BaneHTI'ma TepeiiiK6sa 8 . .IJ:MHTPMH IllocTaKOBMq

D. Situations.
1. At a restaurant with live music. Tell your Russian friend that you think the performing artist
(female) is pretty good. Then find out the singer's nationality and name.
2. You have been assigned to host a Russian visitor in your city. Get acquainted with the person.
Do not forget the greeting.
3. Ask a little girl what her name is and then introduce yourself. Greet her first.
4. In the hallway. Greet your Russian friend and ask how he or she is doing. Then say good-bye.

~ E. Interview Video. KaK sac 3osyT?

KaK sac 3oByT? 25
Word Building
Russian Last Names
Russian last names are formed in different ways.
From first names
J1BaH J1BaHOB IleTpOB
PoMaH PoMaHoB MnxaH:JioB
HnKoJiaH: HnKoJiaeB

From names of professions

KY3Heu, (blacksmith) Ky3Heu,6B
rropTHOH (tailor) IlopTHOH
rrJI6THHK (carpenter) IlJIOTHHKOB
BHHOKYP (liquor distiller) BHHOKypoB

From animals
3aHu, (hare) 3aH:u,eB
Me)l;BeAh (bear) MeABeAeB
BOJIK (wolf) B6JIKOB

A. Give examples of American last names from each group. In your

opinion, which group has the least number of American last names?

B. Match the following last names with the drawings.

'-laHKOBCKHH IleTyx6B
AKyJIOB 0pJIOB
KaprroB K6IIIKHH

26 YpoKl
fPAMMATHKA
1.1 Omission of the Verb to be
The present tense of the verb to be (am, is, are) is seldom used as a linking
verb in Russian. Also, there are no articles (a, an, or the) in Russian.
KTO 3To? 3To rrpe3H)J,eHT.
Who is this? This is a/the president.
In sentences where both the subject and predicate are nouns, a dash is
often used to denote the omission of the verb to be.
Arrna IIyraqeBa apnfcTKa.
Alla Pugachova is an artist.
but: 3To apni:cTKa. (pronoun + noun)
This is an artist.

1.2 Gender of Nouns: Introduction

Russian nouns have one of three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant, and feminine nouns in the
vowel a (sometimes spelled B). Neuter nouns, which end in the vowels o or
e, will be introduced in Chapter 3.
Some names of professions have distinct masculine and feminine
forms.
Male Female
apTIIcT apnicTKa (performing) artist
aKTep aKTpil:ca actor
For other professions the masculine form is used both for males and
females.
Male Female
rrpe3H)J,eHT rrpe3H)J,eHT president
KOMII03HTOp KOMII03HTop composer

1.3 Intonation in Questions

Compare the following.
3To apTHCT. (statement)
3TO apTiiCT? (question)
In these sentences, the only visible difference between a statement and a
question is the punctuation.

KaK Bac 3oByT? 27

In oral language, questions that do not use a question word (who, what,
where, etc.) have a special intonation pattern that emphasizes the stressed
syllable of the most important word in the question.
t
Anna Ilyraqesa- cnopTcMeuKa? Her, A.rrJia Ilyraqesa- apTitCTKa.
Is Alla Pugachova an athlete? No, Alla Pugachova is an artist.
t
3TO pyCCKHH apTitCT? HeT, 3TO pyccKHH: cTy,IJ,enT.
Is this a Russian artist? No, this is a Russian student.
t
3TO pyCCKHH apTIICT? Her, 3TO aMepnKaucKuit aprncr.
Is this a Russian artist? No, this is an American artist.

1.4 Negative Sentences

A negative answer to a yes-or-no question starts with the word neT. A
negative within the sentence is ue.
3To npe3H,IJ;eHT? HeT, 3TO ue npe3H,IJ;eHT.
Is this the president? No, this is not the president.
You can also use the construction He ... a (not .. . but).
3To pyccKnit apn1cT? HeT, ue pyccKHH:, a aMepHKaHCKHH.
or: HeT, 3To ue pyccKHM apn't:cT, a
aMepHKaHCKHH.
or: HeT, 3TO ue pyccKHH, a aMepHKaHcKHH
apTIIcT.

1.5 Adjective Agreement: Introduction

Adjectives agree with the noun in gender.
Masculine Feminine
H3BeCTH-biH apTIIcT H3BeCTH-aJI apTIIcTKa a famous artist
pyccK-HH apTIICT pyccK-aH apnicTKa a Russian artist
TIJIOX-OH apnicT TIJIOX-aJI apTIICTKa a bad artist
The endings for masculine adjectives are -biD, -Hit, or -on. Dictionaries
and glossaries usually list adjectives in their masculine forms only.
Adjectives that end in -on have the stress on the ending.
TIJIOXOH TIJIOXaJI
but: xop6umH. xop6rnaH

28 YpoKl
YnpaxueuuH
1. Fill in the adjective endings.

1. xop6m aMepHKclHCK CTy,lJ;eHT

2. xop6m KaHcl)J;CK CTy,lJ;eHTKa
3. IIJIO aMepHKclHCK aKTpirca
4. H3BeCTH aHfJIHHCK apTHCTKa
5. pyccK TypHCTKa
6. H3BeCTH KaHcl)J;CK crropTcMeH
7. xop6m pyccK aKTep
8. aMepHKclHCK TypHCT
9. IIJIO CTy)J;eHT
10. xop6m aHfJIHHCK apTHCT

2. A. Read the questions using the correct intonation. Then answer the
questions in complete sentences using the information in the chart.
1. AHHa - crropTcMeHKa? Name Nationality Profession
2. AHHa- aMepuKaHcKaH aKTpirca? Anna Russian actress
3. lfBaH - apTHCT? Ivan Russian athlete
4. lfBaH - KaHa)J;CKHH CIIOpTCMeH? John Canadian actor
5. ,IJ:XOH - KaHap;CKHH apTHCT? Sarah American student
Mark American artist
6. Capa - pyccKaH cTy.D:eHTKa?
7. MapK - pyccKHH apTHCT?

B. Write complete sentences based on the chart. Add one adjective of

quality in each sentence.

Model: AHHa- xop6maH pyccKaH aKTpil:ca.

1.6 Object Forms of Personal Pronouns

To ask a person's name, or to give a person's name, you need the (direct)
object forms of personal pronouns (me, you, him, her, us, you, them).
KaK er6 3oB}'T? Er6 30BfT MapK.
literally: How him they call? Him they call Mark.
What is his name? His name is Mark.

KaK sac Jou:fr? 29

 lj Singular Plural
Note on pronunciati
MeHH me (first person) Hac us (first person) er6 is pronounced [~
Te65! you (second person) BaC you (second person) ee is pronounced [yi
er6/ee him/her (third person) HX them (third person)

Ynpaxueuue

3. Ero, ee, ux. Your Russian friend Larisa is showing you her class
picture. How would you inquire about the names of various students?
Consult the box on page 19 for male and female names.

Your questions Larisa's answers

Hroph.
Ami.
KaT51.
BoJI6,IJ;51.
Hpa H JleHa.
Marna
0JI51.
MH:rna.
Carna H IOpa.

1. 7 Formal and Informal Address

There are two forms of address in Russian: formal (second-person
plural) and informal (second-person singular). The informal forms are
used among friends and family members, as well as when addressing
young children. Adults normally use the formal form when they first
meet. When they know each other better, they may switch into informal
address. Foreigners should address Russian adults with the formal form
until the Russians suggest the use of the informal form instead.
The second-person plural serves two purposes.
• to address more than one person (both
formally and informally)
• to address one person formally

The second-person singular serves only one purpose.

KaK Te611 30Bf'r? • to address one person informally

30 YpoK 1

L
 YnpaJKueumi
4. KaK Te6» 3osyT? or KaK sac 3osyT? Which question would you use
to inquire about the names of the following Russians?
Your questions Their answers
Hroph HropeBHq.
Carna.
HaTMhSI IleTp6BHa.
BoJIO,IJ,SI.
HpaHlleHa.
TaRSI.
HBaH IIeTp6BHq.
Carna H IOpa.

5. Supply the missing pronouns MeH5!, Te65!, er6, ee, Hac, Bac, HX.

1. KaK 3oByT? MeH5! 30BYT AJieKceil HBaHoBHq.

A KaK 3oByT? Cepreil IleTp6BHq.
2. 30BYT AH,IJ,peil? HeT, er6 30BYT AHaT6JIHH.
3. KaK 3oByT? Hx 30BYT IleTSI H IOpa.
4. 30BYT MH:rna? HeT, Mem130BYT fpH:rna.
5. KaK 30ByT? HaTarna? HeT, ee 30BYT He HaTarna,
a napH:ca.

1.8 Who? Questions

If you know a person's name and want a more detailed description, you
often start the question with KTO TaKOH (masc.) or KTO TaKa» (fern.).
KTo TaKOH IOpHH rarapHH? IOpnti rarapHH- :fJTO PYCCKHH
KOCMOHaBT.
Who is Yuri Gagarin? Yuri Gagarin is a Russian cosmonaut.

KTo TaKa» AJIJia IIyraqeBa? AJIJia IlyraqeBa- 3To pyccKaSI

apTHCTKa.
Who is Alia Pugachova? Alia Pugachova is a Russian
performing artist.
Use the KTO TaK6H:/KTO TaKa» construction only when the person's
name is included in the question. Use the word KTO alone for any other
questions with who.
KTo 3To? 3To AJIJia IIyraqeBa.
Who is this? This is Alia Pugachova.

KaK Bac 30ByT? 31

.........._
 Y npaxueuue

6. KTo TaKoii? KTo TaKas? or KTo 3To? Supply the missing questions.

1. AHaT6m1ii KapnoB- 3To pyccKHH: rnaxMaTiicT.

2. 3TO MaSI IlJIHceu;KaSI.
3. TaTM'ma ToJicTaSI - 3To pyccKHH: nHcliTeJih.
4. 3TO AHToH IIaBJioBHq ~exoB.
5. IlyiiiKHH- 3TO pycCKHH IT03T.
6. BJia,n:iiMHp BbiCOI.J;KHH- 3TO pyccKHH apTHCT.

1.9 Professions and Gender

For some professions, separate forms for masculine and feminine are used
quite frequently, for example, apTHCT/apTHCTKa. For other professions,
the masculine form can be used to refer to women, even if a feminine
form exists.

Masculine Feminine
Optional: KOCMOHclBT KOCMOHclBTKa
nHaHHCT ITHaHHCTKa
ITHCaTeJib ITHcaTeJibHHI.J;a
no3T rro3Tecca
XOKKeHCT XOKKeHCTKa
IIIaXMaTHCT rnaxMaTHCTKa
No separate feminine form: )l:OKTOp )l:OKTOp
KOMIT03HTOp KOMIT03HTOp
rrpe3H,n:eHT rrpe3H,n:eHT
npo<f>eccop rrpo<f>eccop
Different feminine form: TaHI.J;Op 6anepi1Ha

Note: If a masculine noun is used to refer to a woman, the adjectives also

take the masculine form.
TaTb5ma ToJicTaSI- xop6rnuii rrHcaTeJih. (both masculine)
Tatyana Tolstaya is a good writer.

BaneHTHHa TepernK6Ba - H3BecTHhiii (both masculine)

KOCMOHclBT.
Valentina Tereshkova is a famous cosmonaut.

but: JleHa - xop6rnas nHaHilcTKa. (both feminine)

Lena is a good pianist.

32 YpoKl

L
1.10 Formal and Informal Greetings
The form 3p;paBCTByiiTe serves two purposes:
• to address more than one person (both formally and informally)
• to address one person formally
3p;paBCTBYH is used to address one person informally.
KaK ,IJ;eJia? literally means How are things? The question A y Te6JI?
means And with you? Use these lines only when meeting friends.

Ynpaxueuue

7. A. List all possible ways to greet

1. a friend in the morning
2. your teacher in the afternoon
3. your fellow students in the evening

B. List all the ways to say good-bye to

1. a friend at night
2. your teacher in the afternoon

1.11 Adverbs
Adverbs are parts of speech that answer the question How? Some adverbs
can be formed by adding -o to the adjective stem.
Stem Masc. adjective Fern. adjective Adverb
xop6rn- xop6rnHif xop6rna51 xoporno well
IIJIOX- IIJIOXOH 11JIOXa51 IIJIOXO badly

Vocabulary

Note: The core vocabulary is boldfaced.

Nouns
aKTep, aKTpuca actor, actress fOCIIO,!J;liH Mr.
apTHCT/Ka artist fOCIIO.IKa Ms.
acTpouaBT astronaut ,!J;fTH children
6aJiepH:ua ballerina ,LI;OKTOp doctor (in titles)
6acKeT60JIHCTIKa basketball player KOMU03HTOp composer

KaK uac 30ByT? 33

 KOCMOHaBT cosmonaut Pronouns
nuauncTIKa pianist Personal pronouns
DHCaTeJib writer MeuJI ace. me
rro3T poet Te6JI ace. you (sg.)
npe3H)J,euT president ero ace. [yivo] him
npol)leccop professor ee ace. [yiyo) her
cnopTcMen/Ka athlete uac ace. us
CTy)J,eHT/Ka student sac ace. you (pl.)
TaHIJ;6p dancer ux ace. them
TeHHHCHCT/Ka tennis player
TypncT/Ka tourist
Other pronouns
ljlyT60JIHCT/Ka soccer player
KTO who
XOKKeHCT/Ka ice-hockey player
KTO TaKOH, KTO TaKaH who
maxMaTHCT/Ka chess player
3To this is

Adjectives
Of nationality Phrases
Farewells
aMepHKaHCKHH American
aumH:iicKuii English Bcero xopomero! All the best!
[vsiv6 khar6shevJ]
KaHa)J,CKHH Canadian
)1,0 CBH)J,aHHH! Good-bye!
pyccKHH Russian
IloKa! Good-bye! See
you later!
Other adjectives
H3BeCTHbiH famous Greetings
uenJioxoii not bad
)1,66poe yTpo! Good morning!
DJIOXOii bad
)1,66pbiii seqep! Good evening!
xopomuii good
)1,66phiii )J,eub! Good day!
3)1,paBCTByii/Te! Hello!
Adverbs KaK)J,eJia? How are things?
KaK how How are you?
uenJioxo not badly AyTe6JI? And (with) you?
OTJIH'IHO excellent IlpHBeT! H''l.
oqeuh very CnoKoiiuoii uoqu! Good night!
DJIOXO badly
xopomo well

34 YpoKl
 Introductions I H and
KaK uac 3oByT? What is your liJIH or
KaK Te6» 30ByT? name? ue not (negative
0'1eHb npHBTHO! Nice to meet you! within a
sentence)
Other HeT no
cnacu6o thank you
a and, but
Toxe also
)],a yes

........._ KaK uac 30ByT? 35

YpoK 2 (BTopou ypoK)
Bhi rooopnTe no-pyccKu?
THEMES
• Describing foreign
language skills
• Introducing family
members, friends,
and teachers
• Making compliments
KaTs- pyccKaH. Oua rosopnT no-pyccKn u no-aurnuncKn.
CULTURE
• The Russian language
around the world
• Grandparents
• Russian families
• Patronymics
• Boyfriends and girlfriends
STRUCTURES
• Personal pronouns: Subject
and object forms
• Verb conjugation: Groups I
and II
• Negative sentences
• Intonation in questions
+ Conjunctions M, a, and HO
• Adverbs versus adjectives:
xop6rrm:H/xoporn6
• Possessive pronouns:
Masculine and feminine
• Nouns of nationality
+ Adjective agreement:
Bhl rosop1he no-pyccKu? 37
Describing Foreign Language Skills

t
BnKTop rosopnT no-pyccKn? ,II;a, on rosopnT no-pyccKn.
t
Jinn,11,a nonnMaeT no-pyccKn? HeT, ona ne nonuMaeT no-pyccKn.

2.1 Personal Pronouns: Subject and Object Forms 2.2 Verb Conjugation: Groups I and II
2.3 Negative Sentences 2.4 Intonation in Questions

BiiKTop rosopuT no-pyccKu,

a Jliln)J.a ne nonuMaeT.

DOHHMaiTb (I) rosoplnTL (II)

5I IIOHHMaiO Mbl IIOHHMaeM 5I fOBOpiD Mbl fOBOpDM

Tbl IIOHHMaemb Bbl IIOHHMaeTe Tbl fOBOpDmb Bbl fOBOpDTe

OH,OHa IIOHHMaeT OHM IIOHHMaiOT OH,OHa fOBOpDT OHM fOBOpHT

Anna Ilbep M3pu ranc MapuKo Map us Jlu

no-«1Jpann,y3cKu 00-JIDOnCKH
no-pyccKH no-anrnH:iicKu no-ucnancKu DO-KHTaiiCKH

38 Yp6K2
 1. KTo rooopnT no-pyccKu? A no-KuTaitcKu?
A. Look at the pictures. What language does each student speak? Who
does not understand him or her?

Model: AHHa fOBopin rro-pyccKH. Ilbep He IIOHHMaeT ee.

B. The students in the pictures do not understand each other's

languages. Explain the situation according to the model.

Model: AHHa roBopin rro-pyccKH. 0Ha He rroHHMaeT rro-<PpaHu;y3cKH.

C. Practice questions and answers with a partner.

S1: AHHa roBopiu rro-<PpaHQY3CKH?

S2: HeT, oHa He roBopin rro-<PpaHI~y3cKH.
or: S1 : AHHa rroHHMaeT rro-<PpaHIJ:Y3CKH?
S2: HeT, oHa He rroHHMaeT rro-<PpaHu;y3cKH.

KaTSI roBopiu no-pyccKH, no-<PpaHu;y3cKH u no-aHrJiii:UcKH,

HO OHa He fOBOpHT ITO-SIITOHCKll.

2.5 Conjunctions 1-1, a, and HO

t2. ABbi? How about your language skills? Comment on each of the
languages.

Model: 5I fOBOpiO ITO-aHfJIHHCKllll no-pyCCKll, HO SI He fOBOpiO

no-<PpaHQY3CKll.

CB060,IJ;HO.
c)qeub xopomo.
Tbl fOBOpHIIIb xopomo.
K aK ~ , ITO-aHfJIHHCKH? 5I fOBOpiD ITO-aHfJIHHCKll
Bhl fOBOpHTe uennoxo.
ueMuoro.
qyTL-qyfb.

2.6 Adverbs versus Adjectives

l..JyTh-qyTh (just a tiny
bit) is a commonly
t ,II;a, xopomo. used colloquial
Bhr xopomo roaopii:Te no-pyccKH? expression that is
HeT, ue oqeub xopomo.
more positive than
2.4 Intonation in Questions
nJI6xo (badly, poorly).

........._ \ BLI rosopnTe no-pyccKu? 39

~~~ . 3 . KaK ouli roaopliT no-pYccKn?
A. The following chart shows the language abilities of various people.
Discuss the chart with a partner, describing which languages each
person speaks and how well.

S1: Ha~.H cso66~Ho rosop£IT rro-pyccKH, xoporn6 rro-aHrmiH:cKH H

HeMHOfO IIO-HeMe:QKH.
S2: faHc Herrn6xo rosopin ...

no-pyccKH no-aurmliicKH no-ucmiucKu no-cllpauu;y3cKH no-ueMeo;Ku

Ha~.H CB060~HO xoporn6 ? HeMH6ro
faHC HeiiJIOXO ? xoporn6 CB060~HO

Bepa CB060~HO
,il,)KOH HeMHOro CB060~HO xoporn6 ? Herm6xo
Carna CB060~HO ~YTb-~YTb ? HeMHOfO HeiiJIOXO
P66epT ~YTb-~YTb HeMH6ro ? CB060~HO ?
Kapnoc HeMH6ro 6~eHh xoporn6 CB060~HO HeMH6ro ?
CTecpaHH CB060~HO

B. Ask questions about the language ability of the people in the chart.

S1: Ha~.H rosopiiT rro-pyccKH?

S2: ,Il,a, oHa rosopiiT rro-pyccKH cso66~Ho.
or: S1: Bepa fOBOpHT IIO-HCIIaHCKH?
S2: HeT, oHa He rosopiiT rro-HcrraHcKH. 0Ha rosopin TOJibKo
rro-pyccKH.
C. Ask questions to find out who speaks which languages.

S1: KTo rosopiiT rro-HeMe:QKH?

S2: Ha~.H, faRe, ,Il,)KOH H Carna rosop5IT rro-HeMe:QKH.

D. Let's add some more verbs. Ask about the languages with a question
mark. Invent your own responses.
3ua1Th (I) to know ~yMaiTh (I) to think quniiTh (I) to read
S1: KaK faHc rosopiiT rro-HcrraHCKH?

S2: Jl ue 3mllo, KaK oH rosopiiT rro-HcrraHcKH.

or: Jl ~yMaiO, qTO OH IIOHHMaeT
I
IIO-HCIIaHCKH O~eHh XOpOIIIO,
HO qHTaeT 6~eHh IIJIOXO.

40 YpoK2
 E. Challenge. Combine the verbs rosopinh, rroHHMaTh, ~HTaTh, 3HaTh,
and ,IJ,yMaTh in a description of an individual person's language skills.
Model: HMSI rosoplfr rro-pyccKII cso66,IJ,Ho. 0Ha He rosoplfr
IIO-HCII<iHCKII, a IIO-HeMei.J;KII OHa fOBOplfr HeMHOfO, HO
rroHHMacr H~acr 6~eHh xoporn6. 5I He 3Hfuo, KaK oHa rosoplfr
rro-¢paHI.J;y3CKII, HO 5I ,Il,)'MaiO, ~0 OHa IIOHHMaeT qyTb-~)'Tb.

PyccKuii B3hiK B Mope The Russian Language Around the World

Russian belongs to the East Slavic branch of the
Indo-European language family, along with
Ukrainian and Belorussian. It is the fifth most
widely spoken language in the world (about 278
million speakers) and the largest native language in
Europe. About 164 million people speak Russian
as their primary language. Russian is also one of
the six official languages of the United Nations.
There are large Russian-speaking commu-
nities even in the United States, especially in
the Northeast and on the West Coast. One of
the most famous enclaves is Brighton Beach in
New York, also known as Little Odessa, since
many of its earlier immigrants came from
Odessa, Ukraine.

f )l,uam)ru
A. Listen to the two dialogues and estimate the age and social status of
the conversants.
AJieKceif: Tbi rosopirrnb rro-HcrraHcKH?
Eopirc: Ua, HeMH6ro.
AJieKceif: A rro-HeMeu;KH?
Eopirc: HeT, 5I He fOBOpiD IIO-HeMei.J;KH, HO HeMHOfO IIOHHMaiO.

TaRSI: Bbi rosopirTe rro-aHrJIHHCKH?

AHHa llaBJIOBHa: ,Ua, rosop:ID. A Thi rro-aHmir:HcKH rosopirrnh?
TaRSI: HeT, SI rosop:ID TOJihKO rro-pyccKH.
B. Answer the questions based on the dialogues.
1. Eopirc xoporn6 rosopirT rro-HcrraHCKH?
2. KaK OH IIOHHMaeT IIO-HeMei.J;KH?
3. AHHa llasJioBHa rosopirT rro-aHmir:HcKH?
4. TaRSI T02Ke rosopiu rro-aHmir:HcKH?

t4. Tbi rosopumh? or BLI rosopuTe?

A. Which form would you use when addressing the following people?
Finish the questions with a language of your choice.
1. a little boy 4. your grandmother
2. a fellow student 5. your friend's grandfather
3. your professor 6. a waiter in a Russian restaurant
BLI rosopuTe no-pyccKn? 41
............_
 B. Find out about the language skills of your teacher and fellow
It students. Use the following as a starting point.
Tbi roBopiniih no-...? Bhi roBopii:Te no-...?
Tbi xoporn6 roBopil:rnb no-...? Bhi xoporn6 roBopii:Te no-...?
Tbi nOHHMaeiiih no-...? Bbl nOHHMaeTe no-...?
KaK Thi. ..? KaK BbL.?

f MeuB: 30BYT HH:ua

3~paBCTBy:H.Te. MeHii 30BYT Hii:Ha Jle6e~eBa. 5I cTy~eHTKa. 5I pyccKaSI, Ho SI
HenJIOXO nOHHMaiO no-aHfJIHHCKH. 5I qifTaiO no-aHfJIHHCKH oqeHh xoporn6,
HO CUJ,e Mt\!J.JICHHO fOBOpiD. 5I niKXC HeMHOfO nOHHMaiO no-HeMeiJ.KH, HO
oqeHh nn6xo fOBOpiD. A no-pyccKH SI, Kouequo, fOBOpiD CB066~HO.
A. Answer the questions based on the text.
1. KaK ee 30ByT?
2. 0Ha aMepHKaHCKaSI CTy~eHTKa?

3. KaK oHa qHTaeT no-aHmii:H.cKH?

4. 0Ha fOBOpHT no-aHrJIHHCKH 6biCTpO HJIH Me,IJ;JICHHO?
5. 0Ha nOHHMaeT no-HeMeiJ.KH? A no-¢paHIJ.Y3CKH?
6. 0Ha nJIOXO fOBOpHT no-pycCKH?

B. Retell the story in the third person.

Model: Ee 30BYT Hii:Ha. 0Ha cTy~eHTKa ...

C. One student assumes the role of Nina. Other students ask questions.

D. Make a similar story about yourself.

Introducing Family Members

,
MOH MO.H
TBOH TBOB
ere) ero
3TO ee nan a. 3TO ee MaMa.
uam nama
Bam Bam a
HX HX
2. 7 Possessive Pronouns: Masculine and Feminine 3To MOH mina u B.

42 YpoK2
 Hama ceMhB

3TO MOil: MY:lK 11miH. 3TO Moil

CbiH ArreKcaH.LIP H er6 :lKemi
MOD )J;e)J;ymKa I1BaH MOB 6a6ymKa AHHa
TaTLHHa. A :3To BapBapa,
MOsi )J;O'Ib H ee My)K HHKOJillH.
A :3TO Hx ~eTu. 3To Moil snyK
BoJIO)J;H H Mosl: BHY'IKa 11pa.
A BOT :3TO Moil BHYK MapK.

Moil po,ll;HTeJIH, my
parents, is a plural MOD ABAB MOB TeTJI TaTh}]ua
AJieKcaH.L~P r-----------~-----------+
form, which will be
discussed in Chapter 4.
Do not confuse the
form MOH (plural)
with MOH (singular).

MoB ceCTpa Hpa

3TotMapK. MOD 6paT BoJI0):\51

5. Family relations.
A. What is the relationship between the pairs of people in the picture?
Model: A.rreKcau)l;p H TaThsiHa 3TO MYX H xeua,

1. AJieKcau)l;p H BapBapa 5. Auua H Hpa

2. Auua H BapBapa 6. 11Bau H Auua
3. 11Bau H MapK 7. BapBapa H Hpa
4. HHKoJiaii: H MapK a. BoJI6)l;SI H HHKoJiaii:

B. Introduce everybody in the picture as ...

1. Mark's relatives

Model: 3To MapK. 3To ero cecTpa Hpa, 3To ero ...

2. Ira's relatives
3. Ira's and Volodya's relatives
4. your relatives; pretend to be one of the people in the bottom row
5. your and your siblings' relatives
Bbi rosopuTe no-pyccKu? 43
.........__
 Grandparents
Russian babushkas (grandmothers) are pillars of than do grandfathers. If the grandfather is
the society; they hold families together, take care alive, however, he usually takes part in rearing
of grandchildren, and very often work outside grandchildren, much like the grandmother.
the home to supplement their small pensions.
You can see babushkas everywhere - in public
transportation, carrying food; in museums,
guarding invaluable treasures; sweeping
streets, and so on. Many babushkas feel it is
their responsibility to educate the younger
generation. They are quick to voice aloud their
disapproval of anything and anybody slightly
beyond their range of acceptance.
Men have a lower life expectancy than
women: about 65 years. Thus grandmothers
tend to have a more visible role in society 3TO 6a6ymKa H BHyK.

- AHHa CepreeBHa, 3To sam ChiH? -Hpa H JleHa, 3To oama 6a6yiiiKa?
- JJ.a, 3To Moil ChiH. - JJ.a, 3TO nama 6a6yiiiKa.

~6. Tuoit!Tuo.H or uarn/uarna?

A. How would you ask ...
1. your teacher if the little girl with her is her daughter
2. your friend if the man in the picture is his father
3. your friend's grandmother if the man in the picture is her husband
4. Ira and Lena if the man in the picture is their grandfather
5. Nina Pavlovna if the little boy in the picture is her grandson
6. Sasha and Masha if the girl in the picture is their sister

44 YpoK2
 B. Just curious ... Ask your friend if his or her ...
1. mother is an actress 5. brother understands German
2. father is a writer 6. grandfather speaks French
3. sister is a student 7. grandmother speaks English
4. aunt speaks Chinese 8. uncle understands Japanese

Russian Families
Many Russian families have only one child,
although recent economic incentives seem
to be slowly reversing that trend. In a
traditional Russian family, men are expected
to be the main breadwinners (KopMHJie~),
whereas women play the traditional roles of a
mother and wife. In addition, two (or more)
generations sometimes live in the same
household.
Adult children often live with their
parents longer than in Western countries, and
sometimes continue to receive financial support
(and unsolicited advice) from the parents even
after they move out.
Divorce is rather common, and many
children are raised by a single mother. Russians
do not remarry as frequently as do Westerners,
but if they do, the children usually call their new
parents MaMa or nana, or, if the relationship is
more distant, by the first name and patronymic
(e.g., AHHa I1eTp6BHa, CepreH: HBaHOBHq). The
Russian words Maqexa (stepmother) and 6TqJ1M
(stepfather) have somewhat negative connota-
tions and are not frequently used.

t1. Hama ceMMi. Draw a picture of your extended family and introduce
them to your classmates. You may also want to bring photographs to
class and have a classmate ask questions about them.

stepmother )KeHa Moer6 oTu,a stepbrother 6paT no OTu,y/ 6paT

no MaTepH
stepfather My)K MOeH MaTepH
ex-wife 6hmrna51 )KeHa
stepsister cecTpa no oTu,y/
cecTpa no MaTepH ex-husband 6hiBIIIH"H MY)K

BLI rosopiiTe no-pyccKu? 45

..........._
8. 3To MOB ceMbH. Read the four texts and match them with the
corresponding pictures. Then pick a picture and introduce everyone as
your relatives.
1. 3.n:paacTay:HTe. Meml: 3oayT AneKcM. 3TO Mo5J: )KeHa HaTaJibSI, a
§TO ee MaMa H 6a6yiiiKa. A BOT §TO SI.
2. MeH5J: 30BYT Jlap:Hca. 3TO Mo5J: MaMa. Ee 30BYT TaMapa. A 3To Mo5J:
6a6yiiiKa AHHa H SI.
3. 3To Haiiia ceMh5J:: Mo5J: MaMa EneHa, Moil rrarra CeprM, Mo5J: cecTpa
HacTSI H Moil 6paT Caiiia. A aoT 3TO SI, Maiiia.
4. MeH5J: 30BYT Bon6.n:SI. A 3To Haiiia ceMh5J:: Moil OTe:u; IOpH:H, Mo5J:
MaMa TaTb5J:Ha H Moil .n:e.n:yiiiKa HaaH. A aoT 3TO SI.

a. b.

c. d.

Patronymics
Russians have three names: a first name (HMSI), Thus, IleTPOBHq is "son of Peter" and IleTPOBHa
a patronymic (6TqecTao), and a last name is "daughter of Peter." In formal situations,
(!f>aMHJIHSI). The patronymic is formed from Russians address each other with name and
the father's first name by adding -OBHq or patronymic: 3.n:paacTay:HTe, HaaH AH.n:peeaHq!
-eaHq for males and -OBHa or -eBHa for females. ,lJ,o caH.IJ:aHHSI, TaTb5J:Ha IlaanoaHa!
father's first name son's patronymic daughter's patronymic
HaiR 11BaHOBH'I 11BaHOBHa
Hroph Hropeauq Hropeuua
Cepre:H Cepreeau11 Cepreeuua

46 YpoK2
 9. Tracing family members. Brothers Sergei, Pavel, Anton, and Alexander
Ivanov gather once a year for a family reunion, but their children have a
hard time remembering who belongs to whom. Each father has one son
and one daughter. Draw a line to connect these sibling pairs.

HaraJihSI CepreesHa 11saH6Ba BJia,IJ;HMHp AHr6HosHq 11BaH6B

AJieKCaH,IJ;pa AJreKCaH,IJ;pOBHa J1BaHOBa CeprC:it IlasJiosHq 11saH6B
H-fma AHT6HOBHa 11BaH6sa H.ropb CepreesHq 11BaH6B
OJibra IlasJioBHa 11saH6sa AJreKCCH AJreKcaH,IJ;pOBH:q 11BaHOB

Introducing Friends and Teachers

Although the
feminine noun
nperro,IJ;asareJihHHQa
exists, the masculine
form is commonly
used as a general term
for the profession.

3ro MOM 3TO M05! 3ro MOM

il,pyr IOpa. no)J,pyra Kars.1. npocpeccop, 3ro MOM
)J;OKTOP CMHT. npeno)J,asaTeJib,
AHHa CepreesHa.

Boyfriends and Girlfriends

There are no direct Russian equivalents for as MOB )J,esymKa (literally, my girl), and a
the nouns boyfriend and girlfriend. The noun woman can introduce her boyfriend as MOD
no)J,pyra usually refers to a female friend of )J.pyr (my friend), or MOD MOJIO)J,OD qeJIOBeK
a female. A man can introduce his girlfriend (young man).

Bbi roBopi'ITe no-pyccKu? 47

..........._
 M3pH - aMepMKaHcKaSI cTy,D;eHTKa.

2.8 Nouns of Nationality

OH
pyccKHH pyccKaSI
aMepHKaHeu; aMepHKaHKa
KaHa,D;eu; KaHa,D;Ka

10. KTo ouu no uau,uomiJibHOCTn?

A. What do you think is the nationality of the following people?

1. HaTarna Kpbm6Ba
2. )J,)KOH CMHT
3. Ilbep illeBaJI
4. )J,)KeHH <I>HJI,ll;
5. M:I1:rna K6rnKHH
6. HHKOJib )J,ID6ap

B. How would you ask the following in Russian?

1. Is your friend Russian?

2. Is your uncle American?
3. Is your mother Canadian?
4. Is your teacher American?

48 YpoK2
11. Introductions.
A. Read the following two dialogues and fill in the missing parts. Who
are the participants in these situations and what do you think their
nationality is?
1.
MaprapeT: 3TO MOll 6paT ,IJ>KoH. 3TO MOll rrperro,D;amiTeJih,
AHToH rrasJiosHq.
AHT6H TiaBJIOBHq: QqeHh rrpml:THo. Barn 6paT rro-pyccKH rroHHMaeT?
MaprapeT: HeT, ____.
2.
Hima: Ea6yrnKa, 3TO Mos! rro.D;pyra HHKOJih.
3TO Mos! M6yrnKa, AHHa CepreesHa.
AHHa CepreeBHa: QqeHh rrpHsiTHO. HHKOJih, Bhi rro-pyccKH rosopiiTe?
Hima: HeT, oHa He . 0Ha _ _ ___,

B. What is the relationship between the following participants in the

preceding dialogues (e.g., brother and sister, husband and wife)?
1. MaprapeT H.IJ:)KoH
2. AHT6H TiasJiosHq H MaprapeT
3. Hima H AHHa CepreesHa
4. HHKOJih H Rima

C. Translate the following introductions.

You are talking to . . . I Saying ...

CeprM I This is my friend Stephanie and her mother.

Stephanie is Canadian.

AHHa IIeTpOBHa I This is my mother (name). She doesn't speak

Russian. She is American.

AHHa IIeTpOBHa I This is my teacher, professor Smith. He is

American, but he speaks Russian really well.
And this is my girlfriend Alia. She is Russian.

B&I rouoprtTe no-pyccKu? 49

 Making Compliments

TBOM
6par oqeHh CHMD3TH'IHbiii.
Barn

TBOH
CeCTpa oqeHh CHMD3Tif'IH3B.
Barna

2.9 Adjective Agreement: Masculine and Feminine

- KTO :3TO? - 3TO TBOH cecTpa? - 3TO Barna cecTpa?

- 3To Moil: ,Il,pyr Carna. - ,r:t:a, :3TO MOH ceCTpa. - HeT, :3To Harna MaMa.
- On oqeub CHMUaTJ{qubiH. - Omi oqeub KpacnBaH. - Oua oqeub MOJIO)J,llH.

on omi
CllMIIarHqHhiM CllMIIaTHqHaSI
KpacHBhiM KpaCHBaSI
MOJIO.IJ:OM MOJIO,IJ;aSI

~12. TooB: MaMa o'lenL Kpacuoas.

A. Your friend is showing you some family pictures. Respond to the
following statements according to the model.

Model: OH oqeHh CllMIIarliqHhiM. 0Ha oqeHh CllMIIarliqHaSI.

or: TBOM 6par oqeHh CllMIIarliqHhiM. TBOH cecrpa oqeHh
CllMIIaTHqHaSI.
1. 3ro MOM 6par Hropb. 4. 3ro MOM rrarra.
2. 3ro Mo5J: cecrpa AHHa. 5. 3ro MOM .IJ:pyr CeprM.
3. 3ro MOH 6:i6yrnKa.

50 YpoK2
 B. Having met your friend's relatives, how would you tell your friend
that his or her ...
1. grandfather is very young
2. sister is very beautiful
3. brother looks (is) nice
4. mother looks (is) very young
5. uncle is very good-looking
6. grandmother looks (is) nice

t13. «<>oTorpa<IJus. Bring in pictures or draw a sketch of your family and

have conversations according to the model.
'

S1: KTo 3TO? Tso5I cecTpa?

S2: Hy '-ITo Thi!? 1 3TO Mo5I MaMa. 1

Oh, come on! l..JTo is
pronounced [IIITO].
S1 : Tso5I MaMa 6IIeHh KpacfmaH!

S2: Cnac.H6o. A :§TO Mo5I cecTpa.

S1: 0Ha TO)Ke OIJCHb Kpac.HsaH. KaK ee 30ByT?

S2: Hanirna. A :§To ee MY)K Ceprell:.

S1: OH 6IIeHh CHMnaniiiHhili! A 3To KTo?

S2: 3To Moll: 6paT IOpa.

S1: HHTepecHo.

flleTpOBbl
3ro ceMhsi lleTp6Bhix: 1 MaTh Onhra AHT6HoBHa Hon'~u, Ceprell: HHKonaeBHII. 1
the Petrov family
A 3ro ,IJ,e,IJ,yrnKa - lleTp6s HHKonall: AneKciH,IJ,poBHII. A soT ,IJ,eTH: JleHa
H Mirrna. Ceprell: HHKonaeBHII - npocpeccop. OH cso66,IJ,Ho rosop.HT
rro-aHrn.Hll:cKH H no-cppaHU,Y3CKH. Er6 )KCHa no-aHrn.Hll:cKH He rosop.HT,
a IIO-cppaHu,y3cKH oHa rosop.HT Henn6xo. )J,e,IJ,yrnKa rosop.HT TOJihKo
rro-pyccKH, a ,IJ,eTH, JleHa If M.Hrna, HCMHOfO TIOHHMaiOT TIO-aHrJIHHCKH, HO
ellle nn6xo rosop5IT. )J,6Ma2 oHM., KoHeiiHo, rosop5IT no-pyccKH. 2
at home

Bbi rosopuTe no-pyccKu? 51

......._
Ill A. Fill in the names of the people in the story.
First name Patronymic Last name
Grandfather:
Father:
Mother:
Daughter:
Son:

B. Answer the questions in Russian.

1. HHKomiif AJieKcaH,ll;poBH'-1 - on'~u: 0JihrH ilJIH CepreH?
2. ,[l,e)J;yiiiKa fOBOpHT IIO-aHrJIHHCKH?
3. KTO rosopilT rro-<PpaHU:Y3CKH?
4. KaK CeprM HHKoJiaeBH'-1 rosopilT rro-aHrJIHHCKH?
5. ,[l,eTH T61Ke rosop5n rro-<PpaHU:Y3CKH?
6. 0HH rosopsiT ,ll;OMa IIO-aHrJIHHCKH?

C. Challenge. Assume the role of Lena or Misha and retell the story in
the first person.
Model: 3TO Mosi ceMhsi. 3TO Mosi MaTh OJibra ...

A. You should now be able to ...

1. describe what language(s) people speak and understand and
how well
2. introduce members of your extended family
3. ask questions about other people's family relationships For self-tests and additional practic
please go to the Book Companion
4. describe how people are related Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
5. introduce your friends and teachers For access to the videos, please go
the Wiley Resource Kit, available wi
6. describe people with (some) nouns of nationality your access code at www.wiley.con
college/wrk
7. make compliments with adjectives of quality

52 Yp6K2
 B. Photograph. Two students are looking at a family picture. Reenact
their conversation, using the following cues.
Student A showing a family photo: Student B asking questions:
Say that it is your family. Point to one woman and ask if it's
his/her mother.
No. It's your grandmother. Make a compliment.
Say thanks. Introduce your brother Ask if his wife is American.
and his wife Susan.
Yes, she is, but she speaks Are these their children?
fluent Russian.
Yes. Show their son and daughter What are their names?
in the picture.
Give the children's names. Do the children speak English?
Not much. They understand Make a general compliment. (QqeHb HHrepecHo.)
a little bit.

C. Interview. Interview three classmates about the language skills of their

extended families. What languages do they know? How well do they
know them? Then report your findings to the class.

'.• D. Interview Video. Bhi roBopH:re rro-aHrnH:H:cKH?

Bhi rosopuTe no-pyccKu? 53

ltr......._
 Word Building

The forms no-pyccKu, no-aurmlucKu, and so on are adverbs that mean

literally in the Russian way, in the English way. You can form them from
many adjectives derived from proper nouns. Among other things, they
are used with the verbs nouuMaTh and rosopliTh to denote the language
spoken or understood.
Which of the following are real languages? Correct the sentences on the
right as appropriate.
Noun Adjective Adverb
AMepnKa aMepHKaHCKHM )J,)I(OH fOBOpHT TIO-aMepHKaHCKH.
AHrJIH51 aHrJIHMCKHM '-lapm fOBOpHT TIO-aHrJIHMCKH.
Texac TeXaCCKHM MaprapeT rosopfiT no-TexaccKH.
KaHa,IJ,a KaHa,IJ,CKHM HnK6Jih rosopfiT no-KaHa,IJ,cKH.
MeKcnKa MeKCHKaHCKHM XyaH fOBOpHT no-MeKCHKaHCKH.
Although not all these words can be used to describe language skills, they
can be used in other ways. For instance, you can sometimes see these forms
on restaurant menus.
CaJiaT TIO-MOCKOBCKH salad ala Moscow
KOTJieThiTIO-KHeBCKH cutlets ala Kiev (chicken Kiev)
Create some more menu items using the preceding list of adverbs and the
words given. Which of your creations would you like to eat?
cyn soup 6nc)miTeKc beefsteak caJiaT salad aKyJia shark

54 Yp6K2
 fPAMMATHKA
2.1 Personal Pronouns: Subject and Object Forms
In Chapter 1 you learned the direct object forms of personal pronouns
(me, you, him, etc.). In this lesson you will learn the subject forms. Notice
that the subject and object forms of the second-person singular are
identical in English but not in Russian.

Subject Object
singular 1st person H I MeHH me
2nd person Tbl you Te6.H you
3rd person ou/omi he/she ero/ee him/her
plural 1st person Mbl we Hac us
2nd person Bbl you sac you
3rd person OHU they HX them

Ynpa)Kueuue

1. Supply the missing subject forms of personal pronouns.

1. Meml. 3osyT JlrBa. CTy,Il;eHTKa.
2. 3To AJieKcM. cnopTcMeH.
3. 3TO Marna. apTIICTKa.
4. AJieKcaH~J:P TieTp6BHll, npo<Peccop? ,Il,a, _ __
npo<Peccop.
5. KaK Te6.H 3osyT? cTy~J:eHTKa?

6. 3TO BaneHTrma TepernK6sa. pyccKHH: KocMoHaBT.

2.2 Verb Conjugation: Groups I and II

Dictionaries and vocabularies list verbs by the infinitive, the basic form.
Most infinitives end in -Tb. Russian verbs are conjugated, which means
that each person has a different form. Modern English has lost different
forms for verb conjugation, except for the third-person singular (I
speak, he/she speaks). Many languages, however, have different forms for
different persons.
Russian verbs fall into one of two conjugation groups. Whether a
certain verb belongs to the first or second conjugation group is usually
predictable, but sometimes has to be learned.

Bhi rosopnTe no-pyccKu? 55

......__
1[1 The endings are added to the present tense stem of the verb. Examine
the conjugation chart carefully. Memorizing the endings for both groups
enables you to conjugate any regular Russian verb.
• The first-person singular has the same ending [u], spelled -10 or-yin
both conjugation groups.
• The vowel in second-person singular through second-person plural
endings is -e in the first conjugation and -11 in the second conjugation.
• The third-person plural ends in [ut], spelled -lOT or -yT in the first
conjugation and in [at], spelled -HT or -aT in the second conjugation.

group I II
infinitive IIOHHMaiTh rosopiH:Th
stem IIOHHMa- rosop-
sg. 1st pers. SI IIOHHMaiO ro/y* SI rosop.O ro/y*
2nd pers. Thl IIOHHMaemb emb Thi rosopumb umb
3rd pers. OH/OHa IIOHHMaeT eT OH/OHa fOBOpHT HT
pl. 1st pers. Mhl IIOHHMaeM eM Mhi rosopuM HM
2nd pers. Bhl IIOHHMaeTe eTe Bhi rosopuTe UTe
3rd pers. OHH IIOHHMaiOT IOT/yT* OHif rOBOpDT HT/aT*
*The second spelling variant is less common. All verbs in this lesson are
spelled with the first form.

YnpaJKueuus

2. If you memorize the endings for the two conjugation groups you will
be able to conjugate any regular verb you encounter. Use the ending
chart to come up with the following phrases.

1. ~yMaiTh(I) to think 4. qHTaiTh (I) to read

I think I he thinks I we think we read I I read I you (pl.) read
2. 3Ha1Th (I) to know 5. cJiyrnaiTh (I) to listen
I know I she knows I they know I listen I you (sg.) listen I
3. CMOTpleTh (II) to watch they listen
we watch I they watch I I watch
3. Fill in the missing verb endings. Translate the resulting sentences.
1. ,il)KOH He rosop _ _ IIo-pyccKH.
2. TbiqHTa IIo-KHTaHcKH?
3. 0Ha IIOHHMa Te6H?
4. Mbi He 3Ha er6.

56 Yp6K2
 5. 0H HaC He 110HHMa
6. JleHa H H:fma roBop___ 110-aHrm1:HcKH.
7. Bhi roBop___ 11o-HeMeiiKH?
8. 5I ,uyMa___ , qTo OHM Memi He cJiyrna___ .
9. 5I He 110HHMa Te65£.
10. Tbi fOBOp _ _ 110-HC11llHCKH?

2.3 Negative Sentences

Negative sentences are formed by adding He in front of the verb.
5I He 110HlfMlliO 110-KHTllHCKlf.
I do not understand Chinese.
Mbi ue roBopMM 11o-sm6HCKH.
We do not speak Japanese.

YnpaJKueuue
4. Finish the sentences using the appropriate forms (subject and object)
of personal pronouns. Replace proper names by pronouns where
applicable.
Model: 5I 110HlfMlliO Te65£, a Tbl He 110HHMaeiiih MeHH.
1. 0Ha 110HlfMlleT er6, a OH ...
2. Tbi 110HHMaeiiib MeHH, a Sl ...
3. Mbi 110HHMaeM Bac, a Bhi. ..
4. OHM 11oHuMaiOT ee, a oHL.
5. Bbi 110HHMaeTe MeHH, a SI ...
6. 0H 110HHMaeT Te65£, a .. .
7. 0Ha 110HHMaeT HaC, a .. .
8. 5I 110HUMlliO Te65£, a ...
9. lfropb If JleHa 110HHMlliOT MeHH, a ...
10. AJieKCeH 110HHMaeT ee, a ...

2.4 Intonation in Questions

Yes-or-no questions differ from statements by intonation. The expected
answer depends on which part of the question is emphasized.
BMKTop roBopMT 110-pyccKH. (statement)
Victor speaks Russian.

BLI rosopuTe no-pyccKu? 57

......._
 t
BliKTop rouopuT rro-pyccKH?
Does Victor speak Russian?
t
BliKTop roBopliT rro-pyccKu?
Does Victor speak Russian?
t
BHKTop xoporno roBopHT rro-pyccKH? JJ,a, xoporno.
Does Victor speak Russian well?
JJ,a, rouopuT.
Yes, he does. (literally, Yes, speaks.)
JJ,a, rro-pyccKu.
Yes, he does. (literally, Yes,
Russian.)
Yes, he does. (literally, Yes, well.)

YrrpaJKueuu»

5. Give short answers to the following questions. Do not forget to

conjugate the verbs as appropriate.

Model: JlHH,na IIOHHMaeT IIO-aHfJIHHCKH? )J,a, IIOHHMaeT.

or: JlHH,na IIOHHMaeT II0-3HrJIHHCKH? )J,a, IIO-aHrJIHHCKH.

1. l1ropb fOBOpHT IIO-KHTaHCKH?

2. Bhi rouopuTe rro-HeMeiJ,KH?
3. Tbi IIOHHMaeiiib rro-¢paHIJ,Y3CKH?
4. JleHa H MH:rna roBops'IT rro-ucrraucKu?
5. Tbi rouopurnb rro-aHrJIHHCKH?

6. Write the missing questions for the following answers.

1. JJ,a, roBopiO rro-pyccKH.

SI

2. HeT, J1H3a He IIOHHMaeT rro-¢paHIJ,Y3CKH.

3. )J,a, Mbl IIOHHMaeM IIO-aHrJIHHCKH.
4. HeT, Carna H MH:rna He roBops'!T rro-5Irr6HcKH.
5. HeT, Mhi He roBopliM rro-HeMeiJ,KH.

7. Tbi or Bbi? How would you ask ...

1. a little boy if he speaks Russian

2. a waitress if she speaks English
3. Professor Pavlov if he understands you
4. your friend Lena if she speaks German well

58 YpoK2
 2.5 Conjunctions and and but
Russian has three conjunctions that are often confused
H and parallel
a and! but slight contrast, often starts a question
HO but stark contrast
Compare the following:

Jleua u Minna roBop5IT rro-pyccKIL

Lena and Misha speak Russian.
JleHa fOBOpliT rro-pyCCKH H IIO-aHrJIHHCKH.
Lena speaks Russian and English.
Mem1 30BYT Map:H5I. A Bac KaK 3oByT?
My name is Maria. And what is your name?
5I roBop!O IIo-pyccKH. A Bbi?
I speak Russian. And you?
5I roBOpiD IIo-pyccKH xoporn6, a IIO-aHrJUIHCKH IIJIOXO.
I speak Russian well and!but English poorly.
5I XOpOIIIO IIOHHM<liO IIO-aHrJIHHCKH, HO oqeHb IIJIOXO fOBOpiD.
I understand English well, but speak very poorly.

Ynpaxueuue
8. Fill in H, a, or uo.

1. 5I xoporn6 roBopiO IIo-pyccKH IIO-aHrJIHHCKH.

2. JleHa XOpOIIIO IIOHHMaeT IIO-HeMeQKH, oqeHb IIJIOXO
roBOpHT.
3. 5I fOBOpiD IIO-KHTaHCKH. Bbi?
4. Anerna 0JI5I roBop5IT IIo-<f>paHu;y3cKH.
5. llpo<f>eccop B6AKHH roBop:HT IIo-pyccKH, IIo-HciiaHcKH
- - - - - IIO-HeMeQKH.

2.6 Adverbs versus Adjectives

In this chapter you will learn some adverbs that answer the question KaK?
(How?). Whereas adjectives agree with the noun in gender (masculine,
feminine, or neuter), adverbs have one form only. You can form adverbs
from many adjectives by adding -o to the stem. Pay attention to the stress
shift in some pairs.

Bbi rouopnTe no-pyccKu? 59

.....__
 Adjectives Adverbs
xop6III-HH good xoporn-6 well
IIJIOX-OH bad, poor IIJIOX-0 badly, poorly
CB060,D,H-biH free CB060,D,H-O freely, fluently
3TO pyccKHH apn'rcT. (What kind of artist?- Russian.)
adjective

Omi xopomo roBopin rro-pyccKH. (How does she speak?- Well.)

adverb

KaK Thi roBopMrnh rro-HeMeU:KH? 5I roBopiO rro-HeMeU:KH xopomo.

YnpaxueuuH

9. Fill in the adverb or adjective endings. Remember that adjectives agree

with the noun they modify, whereas adverbs have one form only.

1. JleHa xoporn_ aKTpMca. Omi fOBOpMT rro-¢paHu;y3CKH oqeHb

xoporn __ _
2. AJieiiia IIJIOX__ fOBOpMT rro-HeMeiJ;KH. OH IIJiox_ CTy,D,eHT.
3. BOJI0,[1,51 oqeHb xoporn_ CTy,D,eHT. OH fOBOpMT rro-¢paHU:Y3CKH
CB060,[J,H__ .
4. Jl{I3a IIJiox_ CTy,D,eHTKa. Omi IIJiox_ IIOHHMaeT IIO-aHrJIMHCKH.
5. MMrna xopolll_ rroHHMaeT rro-Hrr6HCKH. OH xoporn__ cTy,D,eHT.

10. How do they speak or understand? Write the missing How? questions.

Model: 5I IIJIOXO IIOHHMaiO IIO-HeMeiJ;KH.

KaK Tbl UOHHMaemh UO-HeMeU,KH?
1. 0Ha CB060,D,HO fOBOpMT rro-¢paHU:Y3CKH.
2. 5I HeiiJIOXO fOBOpiD IIO-HeMeiJ;KH.
3. Mbl oqeHb IIJIOXO IIOHHMaeM II0-51IIOHCKH.
4. 11ropb HeMHOfO IIOHHMaeT IIO-KHTaHCKH.
5. OHM HeMH6ro rroHHMaiOT rro-HcrraHcKH.
6. Tbi xoporn6 roBopMIIIb rro-pyccKH.
7. Bhi HerrJI6xo roBopMTe rro-aHmMHCKH.
8. Carna oqeHb IIJIOXO fOBOpMT rro-¢paHU:Y3CKH.
9. OHM HeMH6ro roBop5IT rro-HeMeU:KH.
10. 5I IIJIOXO IIOHHMaiO IIO-HCIIaHCKH.

60 YpoK2
2. 7 Possessive Pronouns: Masculine and Feminine
The possessive pronouns my, your (sg.), our, and your (pl.) agree with the
noun they modify. The third-person pronouns his, her, and their have one
form only, identical to the object form of personal pronouns.
3To MOH (Tnou, Ham, oarn) (The pronoun modifies the
6paT. masculine noun 6paT.)
3To MOB (TooJI:, mirna, nama) (The pronoun modifies the
ceCTpa. feminine noun ceCTpa.)
but: 3TO ero (ee, HX) 6paT. (Same form for masculine
3TO ero (ee, HX) CeCTpa. and feminine.)

Possessive pronouns Personal pronouns

masculine feminine subject forms object forms

sg. 1st pers. MOD MOB my 5I I Memi me

2nd pers. TBOH TROD your Tbl you Te65I you
3rd pers. er6/ee er6/ee his/her OH/OHa he/she er6/ee him/her
pl. 1st pers. Ham mirna our Mhl we Hac us
2nd pers. a am nama your Bbl you Bac you
3rd pers. HX HX their OHif they HX them

Ynpa.~K.HeHuB

11. Supply the missing possessive pronouns.

1. (my) 6a6yrnKa 6. ___ (her) goqh

2. (your, sg.) rrarra 7.___ (their) ChiH
3. (my) AHA51 8.___ (our) TeT51
4. (his) cecTpa 9.___ (my) )KeHa
5. (your, pl.) 6paT 10. ___ (your, formal) My)K

12. Write the questions for the following responses.

Model: ,IJ,a, 3TO MOH MaMa. 3To Tao» MaMa?

HeT, :ho MoH: gegyrnKa. 3TO TBOH nan a?
1. )J,a, 3To Harna 6a6yrnKa.
2. HeT, 3TO MoSI cecTpa.
3. )J,a, 3To MOH goqh.

Bbi rouoplne no-pyccKu? 61

II' I 4. ,IJ,a, 3To er6 ChiH.
5. HeT, 3TO MOH 6paT.
6. ,IJ,a, 3TO Ham ,n;e,n;yrnKa.
7. HeT, 3TO ee My)K.
8. ,IJ,a, 3To Mo5I cecTpa.
9. HeT, 3To ux 6a6yrnKa.
10. HeT, 3TO MoH: ,n;5I,n;H.

13. .H, Mens, or Moii? Fill in the missing possessive or personal pronouns.

1. 3To H. _ _ _ roBopiO 11o-pyccKu. _ _ _ 3oByT EneHa. 3To

_ _ _ 11a11a H _ _ _ MaMa.
2. 3TO Thi. roBop:Hrnh IIO-aHrn:HH:cKu? KaK 30ByT?
3TO CeCTpa? 6paT IIOHHMaeT 110-HeMe.U:KH?
3. 3TO oHa. 3oByT Onhra. roBop:HT 11o-pyccKu.
5I xoporn6 IIOHHMaiO . A 3To 6paT K6nH.
4. 3TO Mbl. 30BYT faHC H fpeTa. fOBOpHM 110-
HeMe.U:KH. MaMa H llalla TO)Ke fOBOpHT 110-
HeMe.U:KH.
5. 3TO Bbl. _ _ _ roBopH:Te IIO-KHTaH:cKu? KaK _ _ _ 30ByT?
3TO ,n;oqb? A 3To KTo? chm?
6. 3To OHM. He11n6xo roBop5IT llo-<PpaHU:Y3CKH. _ __
30BYT Jl:H3a u MH:rna. He roBopsh IIO-aHrJIHHCKH. _ __
,n;e,n;yrnKa xoporn6 roBop:HT llo-HeMeu;Ku.

2.8 Nouns of Nationality

Most nationalities have separate noun and adjective forms. For the adjective
Russian, however, there is no separate noun. Adjectives of nationality are
used to modify nouns. Nouns of nationality are used independently.

Ma;a,6HHa - aMepuKaucKaH apTHCTKa. 0Ha aMepuKauKa.

adjective noun noun

Adjective Noun

pyccKHH Russian (m.) pycCKHH a Russian man

pyccKaH Russian (f.) pyccKaH a Russian woman
aMepHKaHCKHH American (m.) aMepuKaHeu; an American man
aMepuKaHcKaH American (f.) aMepuKaHKa an American woman
KaHa,IJ;CKHH Canadian (m.) KaHa,n;eu: a Canadian man
KaH<i.n;CKaH Canadian (f.) KaHa,n;Ka a Canadian woman

62 Yp6K2
 Ynpaxueuue

14. Fill in nouns or adjectives of nationality (the first letter is given) and
languages as appropriate.
1. Tibep K . OH roBopH.T no- H no- .OH
K CTy,D;eHT.
2. Cepreii p . OH roBopH.T no- .0Hp apTHCT.
3. napH.ca p aKTpH.ca. Ee MaMa TO)Ke p
4. ,il,)KOH cTy,n;eHT. OH . OH roBopH.T no-
s. CI03aHHa . 0Ha roBopH.T no- .OHaa
apTHCTKa.
6. HHKOJih K .0HaK CTy,n;eHTKa. 0Ha fOBOpHT
no- H no-

2.9 Adjective Agreement: Masculine and Feminine

Remember that adjectives agree with the noun they modify. Adjectives
can be divided into two groups based on their stress: stem stressed (-biH/
Hit) and end stressed (-olt). If the adjective is end stressed ( -olt), the
feminine (as well as neuter and plural) endings are also stressed. In the
stem-stressed adjectives, the choice between the endings -biH and -Hit is
determined by a spelling rule:

Spelling Rule 1: IAfter K, r, x, x, '1, m, and m,, write u, not hi.

Spelling rule 1 applies to many other situations that you will encounter. It
helps to memorize the rule now.

Masculine Feminine
stem -stressed pyccKHH (sp. rule- K) pyccKaR
aMepHKllHCKHH (sp. rule - K) aMepHKllHCKaR
xop6um:H (sp. rule - rn) xop6rnaR
H3BeCTHhiH H3BeCTHa51
KpaCHBbiH KpacuoaB
CHMDaTH'IHbiH CHMU3TH'IH3SI

end-stressed nnox6:H nJIOXll51

MOJIO)l,OH MOJIO)l,aB
--- - - I

Adjectives new to you are boldfaced.

Bbl rouopiiTe no-pyccKu? 63

...._
 Ynpaxueuue

15. Fill in the correct adjective endings.

1. KpaCHB _ _ aKTpi:J.ca

2. MOJIO.IJ:_ _ MaMa

3. CHMIIaTHqH_ _ rrpeiiO,Il;aB<iTeJib

4. H3BeCTH_ _ 6aJiepHHa

5. CHMIIaTHqH_ _ .IJ:pyr

6. MOJIO.IJ:_ _ ,Il;e,Il;yiiiKa

7. KpaCHB _ _ apTHCT

8. CHMIIaTi:J.qH_ _ aKTpHCa

9. MOJIO.IJ: _ _ rrarra

10. H3BeCTH _ _ KOMII03HTOp

Vocabulary

Note: The core vocabulary is boldfaced.

Nouns pO,li,UTeJIH (pl.) parents

ceMMI family
Family
cecTpa sister
6a6ymKa grandmother
CbiH son
6paT brother aunt
TeTSI
BHYK grandson
ouyqKa granddaughter Nationalities
,ll,e,ll,ymKa grandfather aMepuKaHell American (m.)
,ll,eTU children aMepuKanKa American (f.)
i I ,li,Oqb daughter Kana,ll,ell Canadian (m.)
,li,H,li,H uncle Kana,li,Ka Canadian (f.)
xeua wife pyccKHH Russian (m.)
MaMa mother, mom pyccKa» Russian (f.)
MaTh mother
Other nouns
MY:IK husband
OTell father ,ll,enymKa girl
nan a father, dad ,ll,pyr friend (m.)

64 YpoK2
 no)J.pyra friend (f.) I omi she
npeno)J.aBaTeJib teacher (college Mbl we
level) Bbl you (pl.)
<PoTorpaqnni photograph OHH they

Adjectives Possessive
KpaciiBhiH beautiful MOH,MOH my
MOJIO)J,OH young TBOH,TBOH your (sg.)
CHMnaTH'IHbiH nice (looking) ero his
ee her
Adverbs uarn, nama our
Languages Barn, Barna your(pl.)
HX their
no-anrJiiiHCKH in English
no-ucnancKH in Spanish
Verbs
llO-KHTaHCKH in Chinese
roBoplnTh (II) to speak
no-ueMeu,Ku in German
roBopiO,
no-pyccKH in Russian
fOBOpHIIIb,
no-<)Jpauu,y3CKH in French
fOBOpHT
UO-JillOHCKH in Japanese
)J.yMaiTh (I) to think
Quality )J.yMaiO,
)J.yMaernh,
HeMHOfO a little
)J.yMaiOT
nJioxo,uenJioxo badly, not
3Ha1Th (I) to know
badly
3naro,
CBOOO)J,HO fluently
3naernL,
xoporno, well,
3HaiOT
uexoporno not well
llOHHMaiTh (I) to understand
'IYTL-'IYTb just a little
llOHHMaiO,
llOHHMaernb,
Pronouns
Personal I llOHHMaiOT
cJiyrnaiTL (I) to listen
H I cJiyrnaro,
Tbl you (sg.) cJiyrnaernL,
OH he cJiyrnaroT

Bbi roBopnTe no-pyccKu? 65

....._
·I,~~1I, : I
'IHTaiTb (I) to read Me,IJ;JieHHo slowly
'IHTaiO, HO but
'IHTaemL, Hy qTQ Thi! Oh, come on!
'IHTaiOT TfuoKe also, in addition
(one person doing
Other or being
6hiCTJ)O fast something else)
,IJ;OMa at home TOJibKO only
e111e still qTo here: that
H and
uuTepecuo interesting
KOHeqHo of course

j' I
'

66 YpoK2
YpoK 3 (TpeTuu ypoK)
qTo y sac ecTh?
THEMES
• Naming things
• Describing things with
adjectives
• Asking for and expressing
opinions
• Talking about possessions
• Describing the size of your
family
Eop1as - :ho pyccKaH co6aKa.
CULTURE STRUCTURES
• Russian -language • Gender of nouns
periodicals • Adjective agreement
• Russian cars • qTo :ho? versus qTo TaK6e?
• Borzoi - the Russian • Possessive pronouns
greyhound
• Verbs AYMaTh and 3HaTh
• Dependent clauses
• Equivalents of the verb
to have: y MeH.H ecTb
• Omission of ecTb
• Accusative case: Preview
qTO y B3C eCTb? 67
/
Naming Things

3.1 Gender of Nouns

t 1
-I KHii:ra is the generic
word for a book.

CJIOBapb

Describing Things with Adjectives

KaKOU )KypHarr? pyccKHH )KypHarr.

3TO K3KaB ra3eTa? 3TO pyccKaB ra3eTa.
K3KOe IIHCbMO? pyCCKOe IIHCbMO.

3.2 Adjective Agreement

Other adjectives
aMepHKaHCKHH HeMe:QKHH
KaHa,JJ;CKHH cppaH:Qy3CKHH
MeKCHKaHCKHH HTaJib5J.HCKHH
aHrJIIIHCKHH SIIIOHCKHH
HCIIaHCKHH KHTaHCKHll

Russian-Language Newspapers
Newspapers have undergone great changes
since the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Numerous new publications have appeared,
from serious business journals to sensational
tabloids.
«<lpas,JJ;a» (literally, the truth) is the main
voice of the Communist Party of the Russian
Federation (and of the former Soviet
Union).
Among other popular newspapers are
«ApryMeHTbi H cpaKTbi», «KOMMepcaHT», '
«KOMCOMOJibCKa5I rrpaB,JJ;a», «MOCKOBCKHH
KOMCOM6Jie:Q», and «Speed-HHcp6».

68 YpoK3
 t.• ~l>lt•ttto• L« llotlO.t"<> il ;;, 1> #A1~1 t.t

qTo TaKoe «Alina Kapeuuna»? 3TO pyCCKHH poMaH.

JIEB TOJIGTOH
3.3 LITO 3To? Versus LITO TaK6e?
Alma KapeHHHa
1. qTo TaKoe «IIpas)],a»? Ask your partner questions according
to the model.
51: '-ITo TaK6e «Ilpas,IJ,a»?
52: 3To ra3eTa.
s 1: KaKa5I 3TO ra3eTa?
52: 3TO pyccKaH ra3eTa.

poMan raJ eTa xypuaJI

«BOHHa H MHp» «Ilpas,IJ,a» «OroHeK»
«AHHa KapeHHHa» «ApryMeHTbi H <PaKTbi» «l1T6rm>
«THXHH ,II,oH» «113BeCTHSI» «Ilp6<PHJib»
Moby Dick New York Times Time
Scarlet Letter Wall Street Journal Cosmopolitan
Grapes of Wrath USA Today People
Madame Bovary Le Monde Stern
Don Quixote Die Welt Le Figaro
Faust London Times

2. 3JieKTponuKa. Look at the electronic equipment below. Which ones

would you find in the audio department? Link all of them to the
appropriate departments.

Me,n;naMapKeT IK}'mln)
AY)J,I10 B11,1J,EO TEJ1EBI130Pbl
<!>OTO KOMObiOTEPbl TEJ1E<I>OHI15!

Blue ray rrneep HOyT6yK

DVD rrneep rrpHHTep
mp3 rrneep pap;HO
BHp;eoKaMepa CTepeOCHCTeMa
)J;OMaiiiHHH KHHOTe:iTp TeJieBH30p
KOMIIbK>Tep Tene<P6H
M06HJibHbiH Tene<P6H (M06HJibHHK) <PoToarrrrapaT
qTO y B3C eCTb? 69
 New adjectives
6oJihiii6:H MiJieHhKHH
HOBhiH CTaphiH You can also make
HHTepeCHhiH CKyqHhiH 99 970 py6 an opposite of many
.n;opor6:H ,n;eiiieBhi:H adjectives by adding
He-, e.g., He6oJihiii6:H,
HeHHTepeCHhiH,
3To 6onLmoii, )J,oporoii Tenembop.
He,n;opor6:H,
HeKpacHBhiH. Such
~

3TO cnipas pyccKasi: Mamuua.

... ~
17990py6

3TO MaJieHbKHH, )J,emeBbiH TeJieBii30p.

adjectives are con-
sidered somewhat
less strong than the
true opposites.

«Jla.n;a» is probably the most famous Russian original model was essentially a Fiat
car abroad. It is the brand name of the ABToBA3 made under an Italian license. In the Soviet
(B6mKCKHH aBTOM06HJihHhiH 3aB6,n;) car Union, Lada was called «)l{Mryrrii» (after a
manufacturer in the city of Tolyatti. The mountain range).

3. Accou,uau,uu. Associations. With what would you associate the following

brand names? Describe them with as many adjectives as you can.

Model: ~eppapu- 3TO MiJieHhKaH, .n;oporaH, HTaJih5mcKa51 Maiiiima.

1. Jla.n;a
2. MaKHHToiii
3. H6KHa1
,I
i
4. To:H6Ta
5. <I>OJihKCBareH
6. K3HOH
7. C6HH
8. Continue with your own items.

70 YpoK3
 A 3To MOH KOIIIKa MypKa.

3TO Mo5r co6aKa. Ee 3oByT JlaifKa.

Bop3a.R
Eop3a.SI (borzoi) is a Russian greyhound. rabbits, foxes, and wolves. They received their
Borzois were loyal companions of Russian name from the old Slavic word 66p3bB1 (swift).
aristocrats, who used the dogs for hunting

~4. qTo TaKoe )J,06epMau? Describe the following dogs with as many
adjectives as possible.

S1: "l!To TaK6e )J,o6epMaH?

S2: 3TO 6oJihllla.SI, cHMrraTH:~ma.SI, HeMeu;Ka.SI co6aKa.
poTBeHJiep rry)J,eJih
KOKKep-crraHHeJih IIlHayu:ep
CH6HpCKHM xacKH 6op3a.SI
Jia6pa,!1,6p peTpH:sep 6yJib)J,6r
qHxyaxya

qeii 3To M06HJibHHK? 3TO MOH I TBOH I ero I ee I uam I Bam I ux M06HJibHHK.
qbH 3TO KHHra? 3TO MOB I TBOB I ero I ee I mima I Barna I ux KHH:ra.
qbe 3TO IIHCbMO? 3TO MOe I TBOe I ero I ee I name I same I ux IIHCbMO.

3.4 Possessive Pronouns

qTO y BaC eCTb? 71

 ~5. qeu :ho M06HJihHUK? You are moving in with a group of students and
II some items got all mixed up. Have conversations according to the model.

51: '-Jeii 3TO M06HJihHHK? 3ro rBOH M06HJihHHK?

52: ,IJ,a, 3ro Moii Mo6H:JihHHK. I Her, 3TO er6 Mo6H:JihHHK.

Lost item Follow-up question Owner

M06HnbHHK your ... (sg.) my ...
KOIIIKa his ... her ...
HOyT6yK her ... our ...
BH)l;eOKaMepa your ... (pl.) their ...
<Poroarrrrapar their ... his ...
IIHChMO our ... your ... (sg.)
(your questions)

Asking For and Expressing Opinions

,IJ,a, no-MoeMy, HHrepecHaSI.

KaK Thl ,IJ;yMaemh, «llpc!B,ll;a» - HHrepecHaSI Her, ue oqeuh uurepecHaSI.
Bhl ,IJ;yMaeTe, raJera? (H) ue 3uaro.
MoxeT 6LITh. You can also
express agreement
and disagreement
Tio-MoeMy, ,IJ,a, 3TO npas,IJ;a. with the phrases
R ,IJ;yMaro, 'ITo «BoiiHa H MHp» - HHrepecHhiii poMaH. Her, 3ro uenpas,IJ;a. R (ue) comaceu
(masc.) and R (ue)
R 3uaro, 'ITo Tio-MoeMy, 3TO... cormicua (fern.).

3.5 Verbs AYMaTb and 3HaTb

3.6 Dependent Clauses

*6. KaK Thi ,IJ;yMaemh?

A. Ask a classmate about his or her opinion concerning specific brands,
breeds, titles, etc. in the following categories. Then agree or disagree.

51: KaK rhi ,ll;yMaeiiih, People- 3TO HHrepecHhiii )KypHan?

52: )J,a, IIO-MOeMy, 3TO XOpOIIIHH H HHTepeCHhiH )KypHan.
51: ,IJ,a, 3ro rrpaB)l;a. I A rro-M6eMy, 3ro rrnox6:H H cKyqHhiii )KypHan.
)KypHan raJera poMaH MaiiiH:Ha co6aKa KoMrrhiOrep

72 YpoK3
B. Student 1: Express your opinion about some people in the professions
given. Start your sentences with any of the expressions listed.
Student 2: Agree or disagree.

51: IlO-MOeMy, )J,OCTOeBCKHH oqeHh XOpOIIIHH IIHCaTeJih.

52: )],a, 3m rrpas,JJ;a. I 5I comaceHicomaCHa. I 5I He 3Haro. I M6)KeT 6hlTh.

professions
I1o-M6eMy... IIHCaTeJih rrpocpeccop
5I ,JJ;yMaiO, qm... aKTep aKTpirca
5I 3HaiO, qTo... KOMII03lfTOp aCTpOHllBT
apnicTKa KOCMOHllBT
(your items)

Talking About Possessions

MeHH MeHH
Te6B: Te6B:
qyo y Hero I Hee eCTb? y Hero I Hee ecTb coMKa.
Hac Hac
sac sac
HHX HHX

3. 7 Equivalents of the Verb to have: y MeHA ecTb

3TO MOM 6paT 3TO TeTSI A.Jina. A 3To Hfma H

Carna. Y nero Y nee eCTb CTapbiH Y nux eCTb
JJ{~Ha.
ecTb HOBhiH BeJIOCHDe,!J,. KpacfmaSI Jioma,!J,h.
MOTOIJ,HKJI.

qTo y sac ecTb? 73

 Te6B: ,[(a, eCTb.
y ectL co6aKa? ,[(a, y Mens ecTL cofia.Ka.
oac
Her. I Y MeHfr Her.
Te6B:
KaK~h• y cofia.Ka? Y Mens pyccKas cofia.Ka.
oac
Te6B: t ,[(a, 6oJILmas.
y 6onLmas co6aKa? ,Il,a, y Mens 6onLmas cofia.Ka.
oac

3.8 Omission of ecrb

7. qTO y nux eCTb? Look at the pictures and answer the questions.

~ I 1. 3TO C<irna H 11rOpb. qTO y nux 2. 3ro MI1IIIa. qro y 3. 3ro Haraiiia H AH,!I,peil.
ecrb? KaKaH y nux Maiii!ma? nero eCTb? Y nero qro y nux ecrb? KaK6il
3ro H6Ba51 Maiii!ma? ,II,oponi51? 6onbmas co6aKa? A MOTOQHKJI?
KOIIIKa y nero eCTb?

4. 3ro rrpocpeccop 5. 3TO AHHa. qro 6. 3TO Hroph. qro y Hero ecrb?
HHKonaes. qro y Hero y Hee ecrb? KaKas y Hero n6IIIa,!l,b?
ecrh?

74 YpoK3
 Colors
6eJibiH white cepbiH gray
qepHbiH black )l(eJITbiH yellow
KpaCHbiH red opaH)I(eBhiii orange
p630BbiH pink 3eJieHbiH: green
CliHHH blue KopiJ.qHeBbiH brown
roJiy66H light blue cpHOJieTOBblH purple

~8. q TO y sac ecTb?

A. Ask a classmate ten questions about his or her possessions (car,

laptop, cell phone, video camera, horse, cat, etc.). Get a detailed
description, including colors, when applicable.

51 : Y Te65J. ecrh co6aKa?

52: ,II,a, ecTh. I HeT, y MeH5I HeT.
51 : KaKaSI co6aKa?
52: 6oJihlllaSI, qepHaSI, HeMeiJ,KaSI co6aKa.

B. Have conversations with your partner using the information below.

Student 1 starts with the boldfaced items.

51: Y re65I ecTh KOIIlKa?

52: ,II,a, ecTh.
51: KaKaSI KOIIlKa?
52: y MeHsi 60JiblllaSI, cepaSI KOIIlKa.
51: A y MeH5I ecrh co6aKa.
52: KaKaSI co6aKa?
51: MaJieHhKaSI 6eJiaSI co6aKa.

Student 1 has: Student 2 has:

small white dog big grey cat
cheap old bicycle new red American car
old black Japanese car expensive Japanese motorcycle
(continue with your items) (continue with your items)

qTo y sac ecTb? 75

Ill
*9. KaKaH KpacuuaH cooaKa! What a beautiful dog!
Student 1: You are showing your friend some pictures.
Student 2: React with surprise and then make a comment of your choice.

51: 3ro Moil 6par Clirna. A 3ro er6 co6aKa.

52: Y Hero ecrh co6:iKa? KaK::i5r KpacimaH co6aKa!!!

51: 3ro MOH KOIIIKa MIIJIJIH.

52: - - - -?- - - - - !!!

51: 3ro MoS! cecrpa Hararna. A 3ro ee Morou;IIKJI.

52: ____ ? _ _ _ _ !!!

51: 3ro HH.Ha H JleHa. A 3ro Hx JI6rna,D,h.

52: ____? _ _ _ _ !!!

Describing the Size of Your Family

(Including Pets)

Y sac ecrh 6paTLH H:nu cecTpLI? ,D,a, ecrh. Y MeHS! ecrb )J.Ba 6paTa H o)J.ua cecTpa.
Her. 5I e)J.uncTuennLdi: peoenoK.

Y BaC ecrh )J.hH? ,il,a, ecrb. Y MeHR )J.Be )J.O'Iepu H O)J.HH ChiD.
Her. Y MeHR Her.

YMeHS! ecrh...
Masc. O)J.HH )J.Ba TpH, 'leTbipe nHTb (and over)
6par 6para 6para 6parheB
ChiH c:biHa c:biHa ChiHOBeH Nouns with numerals
Fern. O)J.Ha )J.Be TpH, 'leTbipe nHTb (and over) require special gram-
matical forms that will
cecrpa cecrp:b1 cecrp:b1 cecrep be explained later. For
)J,Ol.J:h ,ll,OllepH ,ll,OllepH .n;ollepeH: the time being, memo-
rize the information
co6aKa co6aKH co6aKH co6aK you need to describe
KOIIIKa KOIIIKH KOIIIKH K6rneK your own family.

76 Yp6K3
 The boldfaced phrases
When talking about your family members, you may also want to use
are in the accusative
the following:
(object) case, like Memi
Moero miny (oTI~;a) 3oByT... 30B}'T... For now,
Moero (MJia)l.mero/cTapmero) 6paTa/ch'ma/,ll,pyra/My1Ka 30B}'T... memorize the phrases
Mom MaMy 3oByT... you need.
Mom MJia)l.myro/cTapmyro cecTPyl)l.oqh/no,ll,pyry/1Keny 30B}'T...

3.9 Accusative Case: Preview

10. Y sac 6oJihimis ceMMI?

A. Find the correct phrases you need and describe the size of your own
family.
B. Find out how many sisters and brothers (children, etc.) your
classmates have. Use the questions in the information box on page 76.

'~'Hama ceMMI
Meml: 30BYT Hima. Mosl: <PaMit:JmSI Jle6e.n:eBa. Harna ceMhsi 6oJihiiiaSI: y Meml:
eCTh MaMa, rrarra, ,ll;Ba 6paTa H O,ll;Ha cecTpa. Moro cecTpy 30BYT HaTarna. 0Ha
JaMy)KeM (y Hee ecTh MY)K). Ee My)Ka 3oByT BaneHTim. OH )KypHanilcT. OH
oqeHb CHMIIaTflqHhiit Y HHX eCTh ,ll;eTH: ChiH Mflrna H ,ll;Oqh .Hpa.
MoH: cTaprnHH: 1 6paT CepreH: T6)Ke )KypHaJiilcT. OH eille He 2 )KeHciT, Hoy 1
older (cf. cTaphiH) I 2 not yet
Her6 ecTh .n:eByrnKa. Ee 3oByT TaHSI. MoH: MJia.n:rnHH: 3 6paT Carna CTy.n:eHT. 3
younger
OH .n:yMaeT, qTQ cqacThe4 - 3TO MOTOU:HKJI. Y Her6 ecTh HOBhiH Sirr6HCKHH 4
happiness
MOTOIJ;HKJI, oqeHh ,ll;OpOrOH.
Y Hac ecTh co6aKa H K6rnKa. Harna co6aKa 6~eHh 6oJihrnaSI, ~epHo-6eJiaSI,
a, rro-M6eMy, KpaciiBaSI. Ee 30BYT JlaH:Ka. 5I ee 6~eHh mo6JIIb5 . Harna K6rnKa 5 love, like
MMeHhKaSI H cepaSI. Ee 30BYT MypKa.
MaiiiHHa y Hac CTapaSI, HO rrarra x6~eT6 KYIIHTh 7 HOBYIO MaiiiHHy, HeMeU:KYIO 6
wants I 7 to buy
IIJlH SIIIOHCKyiO.
A. 0TBfThTe Ha BODpOCbi.
1. Y Hee M<iJieHhKaSI ceMhsl:? 9. Y Hero eCTh MaiiiHHa?
2. KaK 3oByT ee cecTpy? 10. KaK6ii y Her6 MOTOIJ;HKJI?
3. Y HaTarnH ecTh My)K? KaK er6 3oByT? 11. KaKaSI y HHx co6aKa?
4. BaneHTHH - rrpo<fleccop? 12. KaK ee 30ByT?
5. JJ:enr y HHx ecTh? KaK Hx 3oByT? 13. A K6rnKa y HHx KaKaSI?
6. KaK 3oByT cTaprnero 6paTa HirHhi? 14. KaK ee 30ByT?
7. Y Her6 ecTh )KeHa? 15. KaKaSI y HHx MarniiHa?
8. Carna TO)Ke )KypHanilcT? 16. KaK Bhi .n:yMaeTe, ~TO TaK6e c~acThe?

qTO y BaC CCTb? 77

Iil
!
B. One student (or the teacher) assumes the role of Nina. Other
students ask questions.
C. Make up a similar story about yourself.

A. You should now be able to ...

1. ask what something is
2. ask and answer questions about quality, size, age, price, color, and
interest value of things ~
3. describe things with adjectives of nationality For self-tests and additional practica
please go to the Book Companion
4. ask for and express opinions Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
5. respond to an expression of opinion For access to the videos, please go lc
the Wiley Resource Kit, available w~
6. ask and answer questions about what someone has your access code at www.wiley.com/
college/wrk
7. ask and answer questions about what kind of items someone has
8. describe the size of your family

B. Directed Dialogue. You are interviewing a visitor from Russia. A fellow

student or your teacher can play the role of the visitor. Find out ...
1. what the visitor's name is 8. if they have children (yes, son and daughter)
2. what languages he or she speaks 9. what the names of the children are
3. if the visitor is a professor (yes) 10. if their daughter speaks English
4. if the visitor has a spouse (yes) 11. if their son is a student
5. what the spouse's name is 12. if they have a car (yes) and what kind
6. if the spouse is also a professor 13. if they have a dog or a cat (a dog) and what kind
7. if the spouse speaks English 14. what the name of the dog is

Report the results of the interview in the third person.

Model: Ero 30BYT CeprM: HsaHosHq Kaprros.

Ee 3oByT TaTh5IHa TiasnosHa Kaprrosa.

,\.C. Interview Video. qTo y sac ecTh?

78 Yp6K3
Word Building
Suffix -cK-
Some proper nouns can be made into adjectives by adding the suffix -cK-,
and the adjective ending. Slight modifications of the stem may also occur.
nouns adjectives nouns adjectives
Texac TeXaCCKHH Kiren KirencKHH
Hhlo-H6pK HhiO-HOpKCKHH Kanmp6pHH5I KaJIH<lJOpHHHCKHH
MocKna MOCKOBCKHH MoHpeanh MOHpeanbCKHH
IleTep6ypr rreTep6yprCKHH
Make up new titles for newspapers using the adjectives just listed and the
following nouns.

ra3eTa )l(ypHan Kyphep courier rrpanp;a CJIOBO word

«TexaccKa5I rrpan,n;a», ...

Combining Adjectives
Two adjectives can sometimes be combined with a hyphen. In this
construction, the first adjective takes a shorter form: stem+ the vowel-o.
qepHLiii + 6eJihiH: qepHo-6eJihiH: black and white
=

Y Memi ecTb qepHo-6enaSI KOIIIKa.

Y Hero eCTb qepH0-6eJihiH TeJieBH30p.
pyccKHH + aHmiri1cKMi1 = pyccKo-aHrniri1cKMi1: Russian-English
(e.g., dictionary)

Note: The adjective aHrniri1cKMi1 has a shorter stem: aurrr-

{mrno-pyccKMi1 cnonapb English-Russian dictionary

Look at the advertisement for a computerized dictionary. Combine any two
adjectives to make as many two-language dictionary titles as possible. What
kind of dictionaries do you have?

AHfJIHHCKHH
<I>PAHIJ;Y3CKHH
HTAJib51HCKHH
HCIIAHCKHH
HEMEIJ,KHH
IIOJlbCKHH
PYCCKHH 84000CJIOB
fOJlJlAH)J.CKHH
qTO y BaC eCTb? 79
rPAMMATHKA
3.1 Gender of Nouns
There are three genders in Russian: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
You have already learned some masculine and feminine nouns
(e.g., apniCT/apTIICTKa, 6paT/ceCTpa). When the gender of the noun
cannot be determined by its meaning alone (natural gender), it can be
determined by the noun ending. Nouns ending in a consonant or -:U: are
masculine, nouns ending in -a or -.a: are feminine, and those ending in -o
or-e are neuter. Words that end in a soft consonant (written with the soft
sign -b) can be masculine or feminine. Their gender has to be memorized.
Word lists and dictionaries give the gender for such nouns.
cnoBaph (m.) dictionary
n6rnap;b (f.) horse

Masculine Feminine Neuter

hard stem )KypHan -0 Knura -a IUIChMO -0

soft stem My3eu -ii TeTH -H yrrpa)I(Hemie -e

CJIOBapb -b n6rnap;b -b

Note: Some animate nouns (including familiar forms of first names) that
end in -a or -.a: are masculine.
uam rrarra/p;ep;yrnKalp;5J.p;51/M:Hrna/K6mi
but: nama MaMa/6a6yrnKafTeT51/Marna/TaH51

Ynpa)Kueuue

1. Define the grammatical gender of the following nouns.

1. )KypHan 8. K6rnKa
2. rrpaBp;a 9. rrp:HHTep
3. IIHChMO 10. Tene<f>6H
4. TeJieBH30p 11. pap;HO
5. KH:Hra 12. ra3em
6. MalliHHa 13. poMaH
7. BeJIOCHIIep; 14. co6aKa

80 YpoK3
3.2 Adjective Agreement
As you already know, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify. So far
you have learned the masculine and feminine forms of adjectives. In this
lesson, you will learn the neuter form.
3To pyccKnii )Kypmi.rr. (The adjective agrees with a masculine noun.)
3To pyccKaH ra3eTa. (The adjective agrees with a feminine noun.)
3TO pyccKoe IIHChMO. (The adjective agrees with a neuter noun.)

Masc. Fern. Neuter

stem stressed pycCKHH -uii* pyccKa5I -as pyccKoe -oe

H3BeCTHhiH -biB* H3BeCTHa5I H3BeCTHOe

end stressed IIJIOx6H: -oii IIJIOXa5I -as IIJIOXOe -oe

MOJIO)l,OH MOJIO)l,a5I MOJIO)l,Oe
KaKoii KaKaH KaKoe

*The choice between the endings -biVI and -111VI is determined by Spelling Rule 1.

Spelling Rule 1: After K, r, x, )K, '1, m, rn;, write H, not hi.

Note: Two adjectives have special forms that will be discussed in detail
later. For now, they have to be memorized.
Masculine Feminine Neuter
xop6umH: xop6rna5I xop6rnee good (See Spelling Rule 3 in grammar 6.4)
ciiHHH CHHHH CHHee blue (See soft adjectives in grammar 14.7)

Ynpa)Knenus
2. Glossaries and dictionaries usually list adjectives only in the masculine
form. You can deduce the feminine and neuter forms from the masculine.
Use the nouns and adjectives provided to come up with the following
drinks.

HTaJIMIHCKHH BHHO wine 6eJihrH: white

KHT<lHCKHH BO)l,Ka vodka qepHhiH black
MeKCHKaHCKHH IIHBO beer KpaCHhiH red
pyccKHH qaif tea
<}>paH~Y3CKHH rnaMrraHcKoe champagne

qTO y BaC CCTb? 81

 1. Mexican beer 4. Chinese black tea
2. Russian vodka 5. French champagne
3. French red wine 6. Italian white wine

3. Use each adjective on the left with each noun on the right.

Model: aMepnKaHcKnH: poMaH, aMepnKaHcKaH ra3eTa ...

1. aMepHKaHCKHH poMaH
2. HeMeiJ;KHH ra3eTa
3. xop6umH: IIHCbMO
4. pycCKHH Tenesinop
5. aHrJIIfHCKHH Mam{ma
6. HCIIaHCKHH CJIOBapb
7. 51IIOHCKHH KHlira
8. <lJpaHIJ;y3CKHH pa,IJ;HO
9. MeKCHKaHCKHH co6aKa

I 10. KaHa,IJ;CKHH )KypHan

4. Write the missing What kind? questions.

Model: 3To pyccKnH: )KypHan. 3TO KaKOU )KypmiJI?

1. 3To aMepnKaHcKaH ra3eTa.

2. 3TO pyccKOe IIHCbMO.
3. 3TO HTaJibsiHCKHH )KypHaJI.
4. 3TO 51IIOHCKHH <lJOToarrrrapaT.
5. 3TO <lJpaHIJ;y3CKHH poMaH.
6. 3TO HeMeiJ;KOe pa,IJ;HO.
7. 3TO KHTaHCKa51 ra3eTa.
8. 3TO aHrJIHHCKHH CJIOBapb.
(
9. 3TO aMepnKaHCKHH KOMIIbK)Tep.
10. 3TO 51IIOHCKa51 CTepeOCHCTeMa.

5. Answer the questions using the opposite descriptions. You should be

familiar with the new adjectives old, new, big, and so on at this point.

Model: 3TO IIJIOXa51 ra3eTa? HeT, 3To xoporna» raJeTa.

1. 3To cTapaH KHlira?
2. 3TO HHTepeCHbiH poMaH?
3. 3To ,IJ;opor6e pa,IJ;no?
4. 3To 6oJibiii6H: Tenesli3op?
5. 3TO ManeHhKaH cTepeocncTeMa?
6. 3To H6soe rrncbM6?
7. 3TO KpaclisaH KHlira?
8. 3To ,Il;Opor6H: KOMIIbKHep?
9. 3To HoBbiH: )KypHan?
10. 3TO rrnox6e pa,IJ;no?

82 Yp6K3
3.3 qTo 3To? Versus qTo TaKoe?
In Chapter 1 you learned the difference between the following questions:
KT03TO? (a general question when no proper
Who is this? noun is present)
KTo TaK6H: IOpHH: farapHH? (a question when the proper name is
Who is Yuri Gagarin? present and further clarification is
KTo TaKaSI Amm Ilyraqeaa? needed)
Who is Alla Pugachova?
The same basic rule applies to the questions qTo 3To? and qTo TaKoe?
l.J:TO 3TO? (a general question when no proper
What is this? ) noun is present)
l.J:To TaK6e «COHH>>? (a question when the proper name
What is a Sony? or brand name is present and further
clarification is needed)

Ynpa:~Kueuue

6. Ask the corresponding questions using l.J:To 3TO? or l.J:TO TaK6e?

1. «TaifM» - 3TO aMepHKclHCKllH :~Kypmill.
2. 3TO KOMIIbK)Tep.
3. 3TO :~KypHarr.
4. «Ilpaa;LJ,a» - 3To pyccKaSI raJeTa.
5. «BOHH<l ll Mllp» - 3TO pyccKHH pOMclH.

3.4 Possessive Pronouns

In Chapter 2 you learned the masculine and feminine forms of possessive
pronouns. In this lesson you will learn the corresponding neuter forms and
a new question word (also called interrogative pronoun) qeii? (whose?).
Like the other possessive pronouns, qeii agrees with the noun it modifies.
qeii 3TO :IKypHarr? 3TO MOD :JKypHarr. (qeif agrees with a masculine noun)
Whose magazine is this? It is my magazine.
qb.H 3To KHirra? 3To MOB KHirra. (qbSI agrees with a feminine noun)
Whose book is this? It is my book.
qbe 3TO pa;LJ,HO? 3TO MOe pcl;Ll,llO. (qbe agrees with a neuter noun)
Whose radio is this? It is my radio.

qTO y BaC eCTb? 83

II The new forms are boldfaced in the chart.

Possessive pronouns Personal pronouns

mas c. fern. neuter subject forms object forms
MOll MOH MOC my 5I I MeHH me
TBOH TBOH TBOC your Tbl you Te65r you
er6/ee er6/ee er6/ee his, her oH/omi he/she er6/ee him/her
Ham mirna mime our Mbl we Hac us
sam sarna same your Bbl you sac you
HX HX HX their OHH they HX them
qeii: 'lbH 'I be whose

YIIpaxueuuH
7. Write questions and answers according to the model. Be sure to use
the right form of the pronouns.

I Model: xypHaJI/MOH qeii: :ho xypuaJI? 3TO MOD xypuaJI.

1. pa)J,HO/MOH 6. IUIChMO/ee
2. KHlira/Harn 7. CTepeOCHCH~MafMOH
3. CJIOBaphiTBOH 8. TeJieBli3op/Harn
4. M06HJibHHKier6 9. KOMIIhK>Tep/TBOH
5. ra3eTa/sarn 10. BH)J,eOKaMepafHX

8. This exercise includes all three forms: I, me, my, etc. Pay close
attention to which form is needed.
1. rosopib rro-pyccKH. ____ rro)J,pyra He rosopliT
IIO-pycCKH. 0Ha He IIOHH:MaeT - - - -
2. He 6qeHh xoporn6 rosoplirnb rro-aHrJIHHCKH. 5I He
IIOHHMaiO .A 6paT IIO-aHrJIHHCKH rosopliT?
3. 3To Hroph. A 3TO 6paT Ceprell:. rosopliT
IIO-aHrJIHHCKH xoporn6. 5I IIOHHMaiO~
4. 3To JleHa. A 3To cecTpa. 30BYT HaTarna.
____ IIO-aHrJIHHCKH fOBOpHT oqeHb xoporn6. 51 ____
IIOHHMaiO.
5. 3To Mhi. rosopliM rro-HeMeU:KH. Bhi ____
rroHHMaeTe? A 3To 6a6yrnKa H )J,e)J,yrnKa.
6. KTo 3To? cecTpa? ,II,a, 3To Harna cecTpa. ____
IIO-aHrJIHHCKH rosopliTe? ,Il,a, Mbl rosopHM IIO-aHrJIHHCKH.
----HaC IIOHHMaeTe? ,Il,a, Mbl IIOHH:MaeM.
7. 3To Mlirna HJleHa. rosop5IT rro-pyccKH. Mbi _ _ __
rroHHMaeM. po)J,meJlli (parents) T6xe rosop5IT rro-pyccKH.

84 YpoK3
3.5 Verbs AYMaTh and 3HaTh
)l,yMaiTh (to think) and 3Ha1Tb (to know) were already introduced in
Chapter 2. They are regular first-conjugation verbs.

Ynpaxueuus
9. Fill in the endings. Refer to Chapter 2, grammar section 2.2 if necessary.

51)1,yMa__ __ 513Ha__ _ __

Mbl AYMu."- - - -
Sbl ,IJ;yM...___ __ Sbl 3Hu.'____
OHI1 ,IJ;yMa "~

10. 513Hal0 ee, a oua ue 3HaeT MeHH. Finish the sentences with the
opposite idea.

Model: 513H£ll0 ee, a oua He 3HaeT MCHH.

1. 5I 3H<liO er6, ... 4. OH 3HaeT Te6s'i, .. .
2. Omi 3HaeT sac, .. . 5. Mhi 3HaeM sac, .. .
3. Tbi 3Haelllh nx, .. . 6. Bhi 3HaeTe MeHs'i, ...

3.6 Dependent Clauses

Question words (KTo, 'ITO, KaKou, KaK, 11eii, and others) can be used in
both independent and dependent clauses.
A. Independent
KTo :§To? Who is this?
qTO :§To? What is this?
KaKaH 3To KHH:ra? What kind of book is this?
KaK Thi rosop:Hlllh no-pyccKn? How do you speak Russian?
qhH :§To ra3eTa? Whose newspaper is this?

B. Dependent
5I He 3HaiO, KTO rosopHT I do not know who speaks
IIO-KHTaHCKll. Chinese.
Tbi 3Haelllh, 'ITo 3To? Do you know what this is?
OH He 3HaeT, KaKaH 3To KHH:ra. He does not know what kind of
book this is.
Mhi He 3HaeM, KaK Thi rosop:Hlllh We do not know how you speak
no-pyccKn. Russian.
Om1 He 3HaiOT, 'lhH 3To ra3eTa. They do not know whose
newspaper it is.
qTo y uac ecTb? 85
In addition, the word qTo is used as the conjunction that between clauses.
The English language often omits the conjunction in these sentences.

5I .IJ:)'MaiO, qTo 6op3aSI - 3TO KpacfmaSI co6aKa.

I think (that) (the) borzoi is a beautiful dog.
5I 3HaiO, qTo Tbl fOBOpHIIIb IIO-pyccKH.
I know (that) you speak Russian.

YnpaJKueuus
11. Say that you do not know the answer to the following questions.
Model: KTO roBopiiT rro-Sirr6HcKH? ~ ue 3ua10, KTO rosopnT
DO-HUOHCKH.
1. "lJTO 3TO? 4. KTO He IIOHHMaeT MeHsi?
2. KaK6if 3To )Kypmill? 5. "l!be 3TO IIHCbMO?
3. "l!bSI 3To KHHra?

12. Ouu ,LJ,yMaJOT, qTo ... Write complete sentences using the words
given.
Model: AHHa I .IJ:YMaTh I 6op3aSI I KpacHBhiH I Auua ,LJ,yMaeT, qTo
co6aKa 6op3a» - 3To
Kpacusas co6aKa.
1. Cepre:H I .IJ:)'MaTh I «Jla,IJ;a» I xop6IIIHH I MaiiiiiHa
2. Mhi I .IJ:YMaTh I «OroHeK» 1 HHTepecHhiif I )KypHirr
3. Mos'I cecTpa I .IJ:YMaTh I ,IJ;o6epMaH I KpacHBhiif I co6aKa
4. SI I .IJ:YMaTh I "Y.a:HK6BCKHH. I xop6IIIHH I KOMII03HTop
5. JJ:(}IIIa HC(}IIIa I .IJ:)'MaTh I «ApryMeHThi H<l>(}KThm I xop6IIIHH. I ra3cra

13. KaK no-pyccKu?

1. Do you know what his name is?

2. Does she know who this is?
3. Do they know what my name is? __/'
4. Does Sasha know whose car this is?
5. Do you know what kind of book this is?
6. Do you know that Lada is a Russian car?
7. I know that she speaks English very well.
8. We know that his sister does not understand Spanish.
9. He knows that I do not speak Chinese.
10. Does Sergei know how well my brother speaks German?

86 YpoK3
3.7 Equivalents of the Verb to have
You have so far learned to express possession with possessive pronouns
my, your, his, and so on. You can also express possession in another way.
Y MeH.sJ: eCTh Mam{ma. I have a car.
literally: By me there is a car.
Compare the two ways to express possession.
This is my/your . .. dog. !/you ... have a dog.
3ro Mo.sl: co6aKa. Y Men.H ecTL co6aKa.
3ro rBo.sl: co6aKa. Y Te6.H ecTL co6aKa.
3ro er6 co6aKa. Y nero eCTb C06aKa.
3ro ee co6aKa. Y nee ecTL co6aKa.
3ro Hama co6aKa. Y nac ecTL co6aKa.
3ro Barna co6aKa. Y sac ecTL co6aKa.
3ro HX co6aKa. Y nUX eCTb C06aKa.

Note: The third-person pronouns ero, ee, and :ux add an extra consonant,
H, after the preposition y: y !!ero, y !!ee, y !!HX.

Ynpaxnenus

14. Write complete sentences, according to the model.

Model: MLI/6oJihm6H:/co6aKa Y nac ecTL 6oJILmas co6aKa.
1. oHu/craphiHIJI6ma,IJ;h (f.) 6. Bhi/ManeHhKHHfKOIIIKa
2. oHa!H6BhiMIBeJiocHm~.D: 7. OH/HITOHCKHMIBH,IJ;eOKaMepa
3. H/6oJihm6H:/co6aKa 8. H/HeMe:U:KHH/pa,IJ;HO
4. Thi/H6BhiM!,IJ;opor6WMam{ma 9. MhV,IJ;opor6WcrepeocHcreMa
5. MhVXOpOIIIHHICJIOBapb 10. oHa!H6BhiH:IpyccKHH:/ra3era

15. Rewrite the sentences using the other way of expressing possession.
Model: Y MeH.sl: ecrh co6aKa. ~ 3To Mo.H co6aKa.
3ro ee cecrpa. ~ Y nee ecTL cecTpa.
1. Y MeH.sJ: eCTh pa,ll;HO. 9. 3ro Bam reJieBibop.
2. 3ro er6 MOTO:U:HKJI. 10. Y Te6.sJ: eCTh BeJIOCHITe,IJ;.
3. Y HHX eCTh M06HJihHHK. 11. 3ro TBo.sl: KHH:ra.
4. 3ro Hama K6mKa. 12. Y Hero eCTh CJIOBaph.
5. Y BaC eCTh KOMIThiDTep. 13. Y Hee eCTh MOTO:U:HKJI.
6. 3ro ee JI6ma,IJ;h. 14. 3TO HX C06aKa.
7. Y Hac ecrh MamH:Ha. 15. Y BaC eCTh pa,IJ;HO.
8. 3ro Mo.sl: co6aKa.

qTO y sac ecTb? 87

3.8 Omission of ecTb
When you ask about the existence of something, the word eCTb is used.
The answer to such a question starts with yes or no. Similarly, if you make a
statement about the existence of something or somebody, ecTb is included
in the sentence. If, on the other hand, you already know that a person
has something, but you want to find out more details, eCTb is omitted.
Compare the following statements and question-and-answer pairs.
with ecTb (first time introducing the topic)
Y Mem'i: ecTh Marnima. (statement about existence)
Y MeHH CCTb HOBa51 MaiiiJIHa. (statement about existence)
Y Te65I ecTh Marnima? )],a, ecTb. (question and answer about
)l,a, y MeHH eCTb existence)
Mam{ma.

without eCTb (when the existence of the item is already known)

Y Te65I xopornaH Marnima? ,Ua, xopornaH. (question and answer about
quality)
KaKaH y Te65I Marnima? Y MeH5I xopornaH (question and answer about
Mam{ma. quality)
Note: Negative statements or answers in complete sentences require
grammatical structures that are beyond the scope of this lesson. For now, if you
do not have the thing mentioned, answer simply HeT, or HeT, y MeHH HeT.

Y Te65I ecTb MOTOI.J;FIKJI? HeT.

YnpaxueuuH

16. Write the questions that elicited the answers provided.

Model: )],a, y MeH5I ecTb Marnll:Ha. Y Te6H ecTh Marnuua?
1. )],a, y MeH5I eCTb co6aKa. 4. )],a, y Hee ecTh Tenecp6H.
2. )],a, y Her6 ecTb n6rna,ll;b. 5. ,Ua, y HHX ecTh KOIIIKa.
3. )],a, y HaC eCTb M06HJibHHK.

17. Write your follow-up questions to the statements.

Model: Y MeH5I ecTb Marnll:Ha.
1. Y MeH5I ecTb co6aKa.
2. Y HaC eCTb JIOIIIa,ll;b.
3. Y HHX eCTb MOTOI.J;HKJI.
4. Y Hero eCTb BH,ll;eOKaMepa.
5. Y Hee eCTb KOMIIbK)Tep.
KaKaH y Te6}{ Marnuua?
6. Y MeH5I eCTb BeJIOCHIIe,ll;.
7. Y HaC eCTb CJIOBapb.
8. Y Her6 ecTh pa.D:HO.
9. Y Hac ecTh KOIIIKa.
10. Y Hee eCTb yqe6HHK.

88 YpoK3
3.9 Accusative Case: Preview
The Russian language, like Latin and German, has a case system. This means
that nouns, adjectives, and pronouns have different forms depending on their
function in the sentence. So far you have learned the basic form, the nominative
case. The object of a Russian sentence requires the accusative case.
Mens 3os)'T... I Moen) oTu;a 3os)'T... I Mom MaMy 3os)'T...
literally: They call me They call my father They call my mother
object object object

OH xoqeT KYITHTh HOBbiH TeJieBH30p. 5I mo6mo Mom co6aKy.

He wants to buy a new TV. I love my dog.
object object
You will learn the endings of the accusative case in Chapter 7, grammar
point 7.6 (nouns), and in Chapter 8, grammar point 8.2 (adjectives and
possessive pronouns). For now, consult the following table.
masculine nom. MOll HOBhill TeJieBH3op
inanimate ace. (no change)
masculine nom. Moll H6Bhill Apyr I Moll cTapiiiHll 6paT
animate ace. Moero H6soro Apyra I Moero cTapiiiero 6paTa
feminine nom. Mosl: H6saSI MaiiifiHa I Mosl: 6oJihiiiaSI co6aKa
(all) ace. Mom H6syro MaiiifiHyl Mom 6oJihiiiYIO co6aKy

Note: The core vocabulary is boldfaced.

Nouns Electronics

Printed matter BH)J;eOKaMepa camcorder

)J;OMaiiiHHll KHHOTeaTp home theater
ra3eTa newspaper
KOMIIbiDTep computer
JKypuaJI magazine
M06HJibHHK cell phone
KHHra book
HOyT6yK laptop computer
UHCbMO letter
rrJieep player
poMau novel
rrpHHTep printer
CJIOBapb m. dictionary
pa)J,HO radio
yqe6HHK textbook

qTo y Bac ecTh? 89

 ,,I

11 cTepeocHCTeMa stereo system MeKCHKaHCKHH Mexican

'
'!~
TeJieBJhop television HeMeiJ,KHH German
,,
:r TeJie<}Jon telephone <}Jpauu,y3CKHH French
~;:

it Q:>oToarrrrapaT camera BDOHCKHH Japanese

~'
,,~~
Vehicles Colors
BeJIOCHDe.LJ: bicycle 6eJibln white
Mamiiua car roJiy66u light blue
MOTO.QHKJI motorcycle JKeJITbiH yellow
3eJienLiil green
Pets KOpfrqHeBbiH brown
KomKa cat KpaCHbiH red
Jioma.LJ:bf horse opaH)KeBhiif orange
co6aKa dog p630BbiH pink
cepbiH grey
1
Other nouns ciiuuu, -BB, -ee blue
BOHHa war Q:>HoJieTOBbiH purple
sorrp6c question lfepHbiH black
.D:esymKa girl, young
woman, Other
girlfriend 6oJILm6u big, large
.LJ:eTHpl. children ,D;erneBhiif cheap
MHp peace .D:oporou expensive
npas.D:a truth e,D;HHCTBeHHbiH only, sole, one an
pe6eHOK child only
cqacTbe[I.QacTbe] happiness HHTepeCHbiH interesting
KaKou what, what kind
KpaCHBbiH beautiful
Adjectives MaJieHbKHH little, small
Of origin MJia,D;IIIHH younger
aurJIHHCKHit English HOBbiH new
HCnaHCKHH Spanish CKYlfHbiH boring
HTaJibHHCKHH Italian CTapiiiHH older
KaHa.LJ:CKHH Canadian CTapbiH old
KHTaHCKHH Chinese xopomuit, -aB, -ee good

I
I
I 90 YpoK3

l.,
Pronouns XOTeTb to want
MOD, MOB, MOe my XOqJ,x6qellih,x6qer

Toon,Toos,Tooe your (sg.) xoTHM,xoTHTe,xoTHT

ero his
ee her I Other
uam, nama, name our ern;e He not yet
uam, uama, uame your (pl.) )KeH;h married (of a
HX their man)
qen,qLs,qLe whose 3aMy)KeM married (of a
woman)

Verbs MoxeT OLITL maybe, perhaps

OTBeTbTe Ha BOIIpOCbi answer the
AYMaiTL (I) to think
questions
eCTb there is, there are
DO-MOeMy in my opinion
3naiTL (I) to know
SI COfJiaCeH, SI COfJiaCHa I agree
mo6lfiTb (II) to like, to love
y Mens ecTL I have
mo6mo
qTO what
JII06Hillb
qTo con}. that
JII06SIT
qTo TaKoe what is
KYIIHTb to buy

qTO y BaC CCTb? 91

YpoK 4 (qeTnepTblii ypoK)
f)];e 3)1;eCh noqTa?
THEMES
• Describing your city
• Asking for directions
• Expressing location
• Describing things in the
plural
• Describing your house
or apartment
3To mimu cry)J.eHTbi u MocKoe.
CULTURE STRUCTURES
• Moscow • Personal pronouns
• St. Petersburg • Demonstrative pronouns
• Russian housing 3TOT and TOT
• Inside an apartment • Verbs HaXO.IJ:HThC51,
Ha3hiBllThC51, and 3BaTh
(3oByT)
• Prepositional case of
singular nouns
• Nominative plural of nouns
• Nominative plural of
adjectives
• Plural of possessive and
demonstrative pronouns
f,!J,e J,!J,eCL nc)qTa? 93
 Describing Your City
I "' ~ " ~ ~ "

3TO ropO,Il;.

~oM/ 3~auue

Asking For Directions

CKaxiiTe, pecTopau «BaKy»? On

ROXalJIYHCTa, r)l:e ntl11Ta? Oua TaM, cnpaaa.
H3BHBI1Te, Ka«<Je «TpoiiKa»? Ouo

Cnacu6o. IloxaiJiyiicTa.

4.1 Personal Pronouns

- CKaxtt:Te, noxaiJiyiicTa, rJJ:e 3JJ:eCb BOliTa?

- Oua TaM, cnpaaa.
-Cnacu6o.
- IloxaiJiyiicTa.

94 Yp6K4
 ~6u6JIHOTeKa

anTeKa yuusepcuTeT

KHHOTeaTp

W KOJlA NQ 3b
ua.Oso ~ uanpftuo
fhdJCCOO
0 t;] \Cl .- ~-
Q
:Ill
•cr::
Q.
~IJi. ~ ~
=
- CKaJK.Hre, rro:)ldJiyiicTa, IllKOJia H6Mep 36 )J,aJieKo?
- HeT, ue)J,aJieK6/6mhKo. H,ll,IITe npBMo, a noTOM uanpaoo.
-CrracH.6o.
- IIo)KarryH:cTa.

~~
-
-
-
-
H3BHHliTe, rro)KarryH:cTa, r,l.(e MeTPo?
0H6 3,l.(CCb pB,ll,OM, CJieBa.
CrracH.6o.
IIo)KarryH:cm.

f)J,e 3)J,CCb UO•ITa? 95

I ~1. 3To TaepcKa» ynuu,a.
[ OCTlfHHIJ;hi:
PecTopaHhi
IOpuii,ll,o~
!
TaepcKaH nJI.
H Kacpe: Jla KaHTHHa, ApTHCTHKO, MaK,IJ;6Ha.rr~c
AmeKH: <l>apMaKOH
TeaTphi: TeaTp H:MeHH M.H. EpM6JiosoH:, MXAT
Mara3HHhi: )J,HeTa, Bocc, Global USA
BaHKH: MocT-BaHK
You are driving your friend around Moscow in the area
shown on the map. You are just entering Tverskaya
Street from Manezh Square. Explain to your friend
what is on the right and left. Before you start, examine
the symbols on the map.
Model: 3TO TsepcKaH yJIHu;a. CJiesa roCTHHHu;a
«Hau;HOHMh» If fOCTHHHIJ;a
«PHu;-KapmoH». Crrpasa ...
~2. lhsuunTe, IIO)KaJiyH:cTa. You came out at the
Ox6THhiH p5I~ metro station and you are now
facing Tverskaya Street. Ask a passer-by politely
for directions to the locations on the map.
S1: CKa)l{fue, no:JKiJiyH:cTa, r~e anTeKa
«<l>apMaKOH»?
S2: TaM, cnpasa.
S1: CnacH:6o.
S2: Tio:JKiJiyH:cTa.
or:
S1: H3BHHHTe,no:JKanyH:cTa,pecTopaH
«ApTlfCTHKO» ~a.JieK6?
S2: HeT, He~a.rreK6. H~H:Te np.s!Mo, a noT6M HaiJ,HOHaJib
Harrpaso.
S1: CnacH:6o.
Maue)l{ua» nm)IIJ,a)J,b
S2: Tio:JKiJiyH:cTa.

Tverskaya Street and the surroundings are Tverskaya Square. Other establishments that
constantly changing. Stores and restaurants have weathered the changing times are hotel
come and go, but the statue of Yuri Dolgoruki, Hau;HoHaJih and rocy~apcTseHHaH ,!l.yMa, the
the founder of Moscow, is still standing on lower house of the Russian Parliament.

96 YpoK4
 CauKT-lleTep6ypr
The city of St. Petersburg was built by Czar Peter
the Great as OKHO B Eopony, a window to the
west (literally: Europe). Construction of the city
began in 1703 and was conducted according
to the architectural plans devised by Peter.
St. Petersburg was the capital of the Russian
empire from 1712 until the spring of 1918,
when the revolutionary government declared
Moscow the capital of the new Soviet Russia.
The original Germanic name of the city,
CaHKT-lleTep6ypr (1703-1914) was russified
to lleTporpa,ll; ( 1914-1924), and renamed
JlemiHrpa,ll; after Lenin's death in 1924. The
original name CaHKT-lleTep6ypr was restored
in 1991. Nowadays the city is sometimes called
simply lliiTep.

3To .IJ:oopnooaa nno.:na)J,L u 3i1Mnuii )J,oopen, r)J,e uaxo)J,uTca My3eu «3pMnTa)K».

3TOT napK? JlchnuH: ca)l..

KaK na3hiBaeTcB 3Ta ynuu,a? HeacKuH: npocneKT.
3To 3,!1,anue? 3DMHHH ,!I,BOpeu,.

4.2 Demonstrative Pronouns

4.3 Verbs HaXOAIIITbCA, Ha3biBclTbCA, and 3BaTb (30B}tr)

fAe 3AeCL D011Ta? 97

~3. KaK ua3hiBaeTCH :ha yJlUIIa? Your friend is driving you around St.
Petersburg. He or she is a little quiet and does not volunteer information
about the sights (unlike most Russians). Point to various buildings,
churches, and streets, and find out what they are called.

S1: KaK Ha3hmaeTc51 3ToT My3eH:?

S2: 3To 3pMHTIDK.

Category Name
ActopJHI
~
1. My3eH: 3pMHTIDK
3Ta fOCTllHHIJ;a Ha3hiBaeTCH
2. fOCTHHHIJ;a «AcT6pH51»
«ACT6pmm.
3. rrapK JleTHHH Ca)l;
4. yJmu;a HescKHH: rrpocrreKT
5. 3.r:J:aHHe HcaaKHescKHH: co66p MeJJo.r.uSI
~
6. pecTOpaH «Ca.r:J:KO»
7. rrn6II.J;a.r:J:h ,II,sopu;6sa51 rrn6II.J;a.r:J:h
KaK Ha3hiBaeTc51 3ToT
4. Check your skills. Mara31m?

A. How would you ...

1. ask politely for directions to different places
2. give directions using there, here, straight ahead, right, left, far,
and near
3. thank a person for information
4. accept thanks
5. ask about the name of a street or building

B. Designate different parts of the classroom as a store, library, etc. One

student asks for directions, and the others guide the student to go
straight, left, etc.

98 YpoK4
Expressing Location

f,D;e Carna? Ou B Mara3H:ue. The preposition B (in)

[,D;e JIH:3a? Oua s My3ee. is used for all nouns
f,D;e Jleua? Oua s rnK6Jie. introduced so far in
[,D;e Au.n:pe:H:? Ou ua n6qTe. this lesson except
the following: ua
4.4 Prepositional Case of Singular Nouns n6qTe, ua cTa.n;H6He,
ua yJinQe, and ua
nJI6m;a.n;H. Refer to the
f,D;e ouu? All these tourists are visiting different places. Where are grammar section for
they now? further details.

51: f.n:e Hroph?

52: Ou B Mara3HHe «MeJI6.n;mm.
KTO f,!J,e KTO f)J,e
1. Ami 6H6JIHon~Ka 5. Jlapa cTa.n;H6H (ua)
2. Hanirna Mara3HH «CyBeuH:pbm 6. Jieua My3eH:
3. Cepe)Ka rocTH:unu;a «AcT6pmm 7. MHT5I ameKa
4. BoJI6.n;H pecTOpau «EaKy» a. Au,!J,peii TeaTp

Masculine Feminine Neuter

pecTOpau pecTOpaubi IIIK6Jia IIIKOJibl TIHCbMO nH:chMa
YHHBepMar yuHBepMaru 6H6JIHOTeKa 6H6JIHOTeKH 3.n;auHe 3.IJ:aHIDI
MY3eH My3eH nJI6m;a.n;h TIJI6m;a.n;u
CJIOBapb CJIOBapu

4.5 Nominative Plural of Nouns

3To TyplicT. A 3TO TYPHCTbl.

r)J,e 3)1,eCb nc}qTa? 99

Iii 6. KaTerOpuu. Categories. What do the following names represent?

Model: «XHJITOH» H «X6JIH,D;eH: HuH»- 3To rocTHHH:U:LI.

1. Time and Newsweek

2. Hyatt Regency and Marriott
3. New York Times and San Francisco Chronicle
4. Harvard and Yale
5. «Auua Kapeuuiia» u «BoH:ua u MHp»
6. «llpaB,D;a» H «ApryMeHTbl H <t>aKTbi»
7. «ACTOpHSI» H «EBponeH:cKaSI» (hotels)
8. JleTHHH ca,D; H MuxaH:JioBcKHH ca,D; (parks)
9. «Ca,D;KO» H «3HMHHH ca,D;» (restaurants)

7. qTO y HHX eCTb?

A. What do you think they sell in stores with the following signs? List
all items in the plural.

B. Make category headings for internet advertisements for the

following items. Continue with your own items.

1. telephones
2. computers
3. cameras
4. bicycles
5. motorcycles

pecTOpaHhi? u6BLie pecTOpaHhi.

KaKile3TO IIIKOJibi? ManeHhKHe IIIKOJihi.
3,D;aHIUI? 60JibiiiHe 3,D;aHHSI.

4.6 Nominative Plural of Adjectives

100 Yp6K4
 "-I
~a-
/ J \

KaKne 3To TyplfcThi?

3TO aMepHKaHcKue TyplicThi.

qTo y sac ecTh?

A. You were assigned to write a Russian-language travel brochure for

your city. Using the words below as a starting point, brainstorm
some catchy phrases to be used in the brochure.

Model: y HaC eCTb KpaCHBbie, 3eJieHhie rrapKH, ...

KaKH:e 'ITO

ManeHhKHe 3eJieHhie Mara3HHhi My3eli

AOporlie 6oJihiiiHe yJIHI!hi TeaTpbi
HOBbie He,IJ,oporlie TYPHCTbi pecTopaHhi
cniphie xop6IIIHe ITJI6IIIa)J,H roCTHHHI!hi
HHTepeCHhie KpaCHBhie mlpKH YHHBepcHTeThi

B. You are at a Moscow bookstore. Ask if they have the items listed.
They do not, and the clerk always suggests something else.

S1: Y Bac ecTh Hrr6HcKHe )KypHanhi?

S2: HeT, Hoy Hac ecTh KHTall:cKHe )KypHanhi.

1. American magazines 4. American novels

2. German dictionaries 5. French books
3. new Russian newspapers

r~e 3~ecb m)•na? 10 1

II rYM
fYM-fmiBHbiH: yHHBepcaJihHhiH Mara3im
(Main Department Store)- is actually an upscale
shopping mall, not a department store. In the
Soviet times it was called focy,D;apcTBeHHhiH
\.
(state) yHHBepcaJihHhiH Mara3HH. Its original
name, BepxHHe TOpr6Bbie pSI,D;hi (Upper Trading
Rows) reflects the architectural design of the
structure, built in the 1890's.

,MOCKBa
L
MocKBa- 3To oqeHb CTapbiH r6po,D;. IOpHH: ,Il,onropyKHH OCHOBan1 3TOT r6po,D; 1
founded
B 114 7-OM ro,D;y. KpeMJib ( 1) - 3To cep,D;IIe 2 MocKBhi. TaM HaXO)J;SITCSI CTapbie 2
heart
3,D;aHHSI, HHTepeCHbie My3eH H KpaCHBbie IIepKBH. KpacHaSI IIJIOIIIa,D;b ( 2) - 3TO
caMaSI H3BecTHaSI rrn6IIIa,D;h B PocciiH. KcTaTH 3 , cn6Bo 4 «KpacHhiH» paHhiiie 5 3
by the way I 4word
3HaqHno 6 beautiful, a He red. Ha KpacHoH: rrn6IIIa,D;H Hax6,D;HTCSI XpaM 5
earlier I 6 meant
BacilnHSI Ena)KeHHoro (3)- H3BecTHaSI Bo BceM Milpe 7 IIepKoBb. CneBa oT 7
in the whole world
KpacHoH: rrn6IIIa,D;H Hax6,D;HTCSI 6onhiii6e KpacHoe 3,D;aHHe - HcTopilqecKHH:
My3M (4). fYM (5)- maBHhiH:8 YHHBepcanbHhiH: 9 Mara3iiH- 3To 6onhiii6H: 8
main I 9 universal
CTapbiH YHHBepMar c 10 oqeHb KpaCHBOH apXHTeKTypoH:. He,D;aJieK6 OT 11 10
with I 11 from
KpacHoH: rrn6IIIa,D;H Hax6,D;HTCSI Eonhiii6H: TeaTp ( 6).
Ha TBepcK6H: yJIHIIe Hax6,D;SITCSI xop6IIIHe Mara3HHhi, rocTHHHIIhi,
pecTopaHhi H Kacpe.

A. 0TBeThTe ua oonpocbi.
1. KTo ocHoBan MocKBy?
2. KaKile 3,D;aHHSI Hax6,D;SITCSI B KpeMne?
3. IloqeMy (why) KpacHaSI rrn6IIIa,D;h «KpacHaSI»?
4. qTO TaK6e fYM?
5. [,D;e HaXO,D;HTCSI bOJibiiiOH TeaTp?

B. Find the places mentioned on the map of Moscow on page 103.

C. llpan)J,a uJiu uenpao,D;a? Correct the statements if necessary.

1. IOpHH: ,Il,onropyKHH - 3TO cep,D;IIe MocKBhi.
2. B KpeMne Hax6,D;SITcSI KpaciiBhie IIepKBH.
3. fYM- 3TO CTapbiH YHHBepCHTeT.
4. X paM BacilnHSI Ena)KeHHoro - 3To IIepKOBb.
5. HcTopilqecKHH: My3eH: - 3To 6enoe 3,D;aHHe.
6. Eonhiii6H: TeaTp Hax6,D;HTCSI Ha KpacHoH: rrn6IIIa,D;H.

102 YpoK4
 3To KpacuaH nJioiiJ,a)J,b.
A. Look at the map. Explain in Russian what is on the right, on the left,
and straight ahead, if you are ...
1. standing in the middle of Red Square facing St. Basil's Cathedral
2. standing in the middle of Red Square facing the Historical
Museum
B. Point to various buildings and ask your classmates to name them.

~
~~~
, MocKsa
KpacHaSI rrn6lll,ap,L (2): KpeMJib (1), XpaM BacH:miSI EniDKeHHoro (3)
yHHBepMam: rYM (5)
rearphi: OOJibiiiOH reciTp (6)
My3eH: HcropH:qecKH:H My3M (4), My3eH: HM. A.C. IlyiiiKHHa (7)
rocrirHHI.J;hi: Merporr6Jih (8)
6H6JIHOTeKH: 6H6JIHOTeKa MM. JleHHHa (9)
mipKH: AneKcaH.JJ:pOBCKHH: ca,JJ; (10)

r,11,e 3)1,eCh m)qTa? 10 3

Kpacua.n nJiom;a)l;L
Since the times of Ivan III (fifteenth century),
Kpacua.a DJIOUJ,3}1,b (Red Square) has been
the scene for public events, from executions
to demonstrations, processions, and parades.
On the southwest side, Red Square is bounded
by the KpeMJib (the Kremlin), originally a
fortress, but later a resid~nce of monarchs and
patriarchs, as well as the seat of the Russian
government.
XpaM BacuJiu.a BJiaxeuuoro (St.Basil's
Cathedral), Russia's most famous landmark, is
" - MocKsa - cToJinu;a Poccuu.
3To Kpacuu nm)m;a)J.h. llpaMo XpaM Baci'tJJuB 6Jiaxeuuoro, cnpasa KpeMJih, a
cJiesa yuusepMar «I'YM>>.
104 YpoK4
located at the south end of Red Square. It was
built in the 1550s during Ivan the Terrible's
reign to celebrate the final liberation of the
Russian state from the Tatars. After Ivan's
death, a small chapel was added to the
cathedral. This chapel enclosed the tomb of
a saint called Bac:H:nn:H. Soon thereafter, the
whole cathedral became known as St. Basil's.
Most of the northeast side of Red Square is
occupied by rYM, the most famous shopping
mall in Moscow.
 3To uosLie u cdpLie KBapTIIpLI u MocKBe.

Living in the City and in the Country

KuapTI'ipa
Most city dwellers live in apartments; houses are ,IJ,aqa
virtually nonexistent in big cities. Apartments Many Russians have a summer house in the
located in downtown areas are usually older and countryside. These dachas are usually very
more spacious, but in Soviet times they were modest and rarely have modern conveniences,
often turned into KOMMynaJibHbie KBapTI'ipbi such as bathrooms and running water. During
(communal apartments), shared by several the warmer months, Russians often spend
families. Each family had a room or two for the weekends at the dacha tending to their
itself, with a common kitchen and bathroom. vegetable gardens or simply enjoying the peace
Nowadays many communal apartments have and quiet of the countryside. Grandparents
been bought by private owners and restored to and children typically stay at the dacha for
their original condition. extended periods in the summer.
Apartment buildings in suburbs used to be
colossal concrete blocks, with little variation in
architectural design, but in recent years there
has been a surge in new construction of high-
priced upscale apartment complexes.
When describing the size of an apartment,
Russians usually count all rooms except
for the kitchen, toilet, and bathroom. Thus,
the apartment can be an O)J,HOKOMHaTHaSI
(one-room) ,ll,ByxK6MHaTHaSI (two-room),
TpexK6MHaTHaSI (three-room) KBaprnpa and so
on. The area is expressed in square apartments
are small by Western standards. 3TO,ll,a'IH.

r)l,e 3)l,eCb UO'ITa? 10 5

 06IIJ,e.IKHTHe
Dormitories are only for students from other cities or countries. Local students usually live
with their parents.

8 ,!J;OMe.
r,ll,e 8bl JKH8eTe? J1 Jf\H8Y 8 KBapn':rpe.
8 o6~erinm.
ua ,!J;alle.

JKHTb

SI )KJIBY Mbl )KHBeM

Tbl )KHBeiiih Bbl )KHBeTe
oHioHa )KHBeT OHII )KHBYT

Harnu APYlbH
Hroph H A.rma )KHBYT Ha JJ;a'Ie.

Moo po.n.nTeJiu )KJfBYT B KBapni.pe.

4.7 Plural of Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns

A8bl?

• fJJ;e Bbl )KHBeTe?

• BaiiiH poJJ;ll:TeJIH )KHBYT B )1;6Me HJIH
B KBapTHpe?
• BaiiiH JJ;py3M1 )KHBYT s o6~e)KHTHH?

106 YpoK4
 f11,e ouu xuuyT?
A. Practice questions and answers according to the model.

S1: f,n:e xHuyr Morna H JleHa?

S2: Omi )KHByr B KBapnipe.

)J,OM KBapTnpa )J,aqa o6m;exnTue

Mfnna H JleHa X
Har<irna X
AHHa CepreeuHa X
Bon6,n:51 X
Ilerp6Bbl X

B. Find out where your fellow students live. Do most of them live in
houses, apartments, or residence halls? How about you?

B KoapTiipe
Since many apartments are very small, the on the walls. If the family is religious, an icon,
rooms may serve several purposes. The living HKOHa (a religious image painted on wood),
room doubles as a formal dining room and/ may stand in a special icon corner on a shelf.
or parents' bedroom. Thus, Russians often call
this room simply 6oJILma.H KOMHaTa. Kitchens
are also small, but, nevertheless, typical places
for entertaining close friends. In traditional
Russian apartments the TyaJieT and the
aauua.H (bathroom) are separate: the former
contains the toilet bowl only, and the latter a
bathtub and sink.
Russian apartments do not have full carpeting.
Instead, they have wood or linoleum floors
with rugs of different sizes. In addition, certain
oriental (Bukharan, etc.) rugs may be hung OaJIKOB )I.BYXKOMHaTHaJI KBapnl'pa

r)l.e 3)1.eCb noqTa? 107


~11. O:t,e JiexnT Kooep? Ask and answer questions about the two pictures.
f.IJ:e BHcin/cTOin/JiexirT ... ? or '-ITo BHcirT/cTOirT/JiexirT Ha ... ?
HOBOCTpOHKH
In recent years, some de-
velopers have started catering
to wealthier Russians by
building elite suburban villages,
DOCfJIKH, with townhouses,
Tayuxaycbi, and detached
houses, KOTTC)J;XH, especially
around Moscow.
108 YpoK4
Ha CTeHe BHCilT
KapTima.
Ha CTOJIC CTOilT
Ha noJiy JiexnT
KOBep.
In Russian, things
either hang, stand, or
lie in the room. Use
the singular forms
(BHCJIT, CTOJIT,
with a singular su
and the COI'feSPOJlldlnl!
plural forms (BHcSIT,
cTOsiT, Jiex<iT) with a
KHit.IKuas nonKa
plural subject.
In these types of houses,
rooms are typically
labeled for their use:
rocTIIHaJI (living room),
CTOJIOBaJI (dining room),
)J;CTCKaJI (children's room),
cmiJibHJI (bedroom),
Ka6uueT (office), etc.
12. KaK Tbi xusemb? Draw a nepBbiH 3nl.IK sTopou 3ni.IK
floor plan of your family's
house or apartment and
explain the drawing to fapiDK
27.54
your classmate. Include the
furnishings in all rooms.

KaK xu seT Haniwa?

MeHH 30BYT HaTama. 5I )KHBY c po,ll,fneJISIMH Ha 10re 1 MocKBhi, Ha 1

south
npocrreKTe 2 BepHa,ll,cKoro. PS!,ll,OM MeTp6, xop6mue Mara3HHhi, pecTopaHhi 2avenue

H KpaCHBbiH rrapK. llama KBapTll:pa Ha IIIeCTOM 3Ta.IKe B 60JibiiiOM, HOBOM

):IBeHa,ll,IIaTH3Ta.IKHOM 3,ll,aHHH. 3TO ,ll,BYXKOMHaTHaSI KBapTHpa, He oqeHh

60JibiiiaSI, HO KpaCHBaSI.
Bor Hama KYXHSI. A 3TO Hama 6oJihmaSI K6MHaTa. Crrpasa cToll:T KHH)KHhiH:
IIIKacp. Ha rr6JIKax KHHrH, a Ha HH)KHeH: 3 n6JIKe cTepeocuCTeMa. P5I,ll,OM c 3
lower
KHIDKHhiM mKa<PoM cToll:T TeJieBH:3op. Ha TeJieBH:3ope cToll:T MaJieHhKaSI
miMrra. CJieBa 60JlbiiiOH ,ll,HBaH-KpOBaTb H KpeCJIO. P5I,ll,OM c ,ll,HBaHOM CTOHT
MaJieHhKHH CTOJIHK. Ha CTeHe BHdT 60JlbiiiOH KOBep H3 Y 36eKHCTaHa H
mipaSI Kpacll:BaSI KapTHHa. Ha ITOJIY Jie)KHT 60JibiiiOH KpaCHbiH KOBep.
A3ro MoS! KOMHaTa. Y MeH5I B KOMHaTe cTo5IT KposaTh, rrH:chMeHHhiH cToJI H
Ha CTeHe BHC5JT KHll)KHhie ITOJIKH, a Ha CTOJie CTOHT MOM KOMITbiOTep.
CTyJI.
Ha KposaTH Jie)KHT Mo5I co6aKa JiaifKa.
A. Answer the questions in English.
1. Where is Natasha's apartment located?
2. How many floors are there in the building?
3. On which floor does she live?
4. How does she probably get downtown from her apartment?
5. How many rooms are there in the apartment?
6. How many people are in Natasha's family?
7. Where do you think her parents sleep?

r)J,e 3)1,eCh Ull'ITa? 109

 B. Correct the false statements.
1. Hanirna )KHBeT B cTapoM 3,D;aHHH.
2. Hx KBapnipa Hax6,D;HTCH Ha rrs'lTOM :naxe.
3. B KBapnipe TPH KOMHaThi H KYXHH.
4. Ha rroJiy Jiexfn KpadmaH KapTfma.
5. TeJieBif3op BHCJIT Ha CTeHe.
6. Hx co6aKa JiexfiT Ha rroJiy.

C. Work in small groups to draw a sketch ofNatasha's apartment. One

student is the "artist," and the others give instructions in Russian.

A. You should now be able to ...

1. describe the location of buildings
2. ask for and give directions to a place
3. thank somebody and respond to a thank you
4. inquire about the name of something For self-tests and additional
A~
5.
6.
7.
say where people are
describe things in the plural with adjectives
say whether you live in a house, apartment, or residence hall
8. describe the furnishings of your house or apartment
~
~
~... For access to the videos, please
the Wiley Resource Kit, I
your access code at www.wn•v""
college/wrk

B. Helicopter Tour. You and a Russian visitor rented a helicopter for an easy sight -seeing tour of your
city. Explain what is on the right, on the left, and straight ahead while you are flying past all the
important landmarks. Make your narrative as interesting as possible.

C. Hollywood Home. Pretend to be a famous movie star. Give a Russian visitor a tour of your ......,......v ..

4, D. Interview Video. fp;e Bbi )I(HBeTe?

110 YpoK4
Extra

A. For Sale and Wanted. Examine the advertisements and find out the
following.
1 . Which of the sales advertisements are not for housing?
2. Which For Sale advertisement would you call to buy a TV?
3. Which houses or apartments for sale are not located in Moscow?
4. Which of the houses or apartments is probably the largest? Smallest?
5. Which one would you buy?
B. Match the Wanted advertisements with the closest possible For Sale
advertisement.
npo.Qata (For Sale) Kynn10 (Wanted)
1. npo,QaiO 2-KOMHaTHYIO 6. npo,aaeTCA KOMHaTa 16 KB.M B A. 6onbWYIO KsapTlilpy B MOCKBe.
Ksapn-1py. Ten. 203-62-83. ABYXKOMHaTHO~ KBapTlilpe. Ten. 323-67-53.
2. npo,QaiO ,Q06epMaHa. Ten. Ten. 287-98-67. B. Kynn10 KsapTliiPY Ha IO>KHOM
158-87-67. 7. npo.QaiO Ll.leHKOB MliiHlii- 6epery KpbiMa. Ten. 342-01-81.
3. 6onbwyl0 .Qa'-ly Ha 6epery WHayl..lepa. Ten. 232-98-58. C. Kynn10 .Qa'-ly He,aaneKo oT
6ann1~CKOrO MOpA. 35 KM OT 8. ,lJ,oM s KpbiMY c ca,aoM, neTep6ypra. Ten. 224-98-66.
neTep6ypra. Ten. 238-78-46. Ha 6epery A30BCKoro MapA. D. Kynn10 6onbwyl0 co6aKy. Ten.
4. L.lBeTHOifl TeneBlil30p «BOCTOK». Ten. 56-4-89. 122-45-22.
Ten. 234-78-95.
5. npo.QaiO 60nbWYIO KBapTliiPY
s l..leHTpe. Ten. 129-64-56.

Word Building

Roots
A root is a simple linguistic base (a fragment of a word) from which words
are derived by phonetic change, additions, or both. Knowing the basic root
may help you understand other related words. Some simple words can also
be a basis for word derivation. In the following two examples, the first one
shows derivation from a word (rocTb), the second from a root (rrpaB-).
rocTb guest npas- truth, right crrpaBa on the right
fOCTHHHll;a hotel rrpaBo right rrpaB,IJ,a truth
rocTerrpHHMHbiH hospitable HarrpaBo to the right rrpaBHJIO rule
roCTHHa5I living room, rrpaBHJibHO correctly
guest room
Here are some more vocabulary items from this chapter. Connect the words
in the top row to the words they are derived from.
YHHBepMar cmirrhH5I 061ll;e)I(HTHe BaHHa5I CTOJIOBa5I
CTOJI )l(lfTb Mara3HH crraTb to sleep BaHHa bathtub

r)J.e 3)J.eCb m)•na? 111

i;
·,r.:.
rPAMMATHKA
4.1 Personal Pronouns
You have already learned that the personal pronouns OH (he), omi (she),
and ouu (they) refer to animate masculines and feminines. The same
forms are used to refer to masculine and feminine inanimate nouns. The
pronoun ouo refers to neuter nouns. The forms ou/omilou6/ouu replace
the noun they refer to and agree with it in gender and number.
r.n:e MoM )KypuaJI? ou 3,n:ech. Where is my magazine? It is here.
f,n:e Mmi KHnra? OuaTaM. Where is my book? It is there.
f,n:e MOe pa)J,HO? 0HO 3.IJ:eCh. Where is my radio? It is here.
f,n:e Moll: KHnru? Ouu TaM. Where are my books? They are there.
Note: Since ou/oua!ou6/ouu are replacer pronouns, the noun they refer
to is not present in the same sentence.
3To MOM MOTOIJ,HKJI. Ou ,n:opor6M. This is my motorcycle. It is
expensive.
3TO MOM OTeiJ,. Ou npo<Peccop. This is my father. He is a
professor.
Another noun can be present in the sentence.
3To MOH no)J.pyra Hanirna. Oua 6tieHh CHMnani:tiHaSI )J,esywKa.
This is my friend Natasha. She is a very nice girl.
3To (not a replacer pronoun) is used when the same noun is repeated in
the second sentence.
3To TsepcKaSI yJiuu,a. 3To 6tieHh 6oJihiiiaSI yJiuu,a.
This is Tverskaya Street. It is a very big street.
3To TBOH KHnra? HeT, 3To He MOH KHnra.
Is this your book? No, it/this is not my book.
3TO TBOM OTeu,? ,!J,a, 3TO MOM OTeiJ,.
Is this your father? Yes, it/this is my father.

Ynpa)KHeuue

1. Fill in ou/oua!ou6/ouu or 3To.

1. Bhi He 3HaeTe, r,n:e 3,n:ech n6tiTa? _ _ TaM, np5J:Mo.

2. f,n:e 3,n:ech TyaneT? _ _ TaM, cnpasa.
3. 3To TBOH Marnima? HeT, _ _ He MOH Marnima.
4. f,n:e fOCTHHHQa «HaQHOHMh»? _ _ TaM, npHMO.

112 YpoK4
 5. f,D,e 3.11,eCh 6aHK? ___ TaM, CJieBa.
6. 3ro TBepcK<hi ym-IIIa. ___ 6~eHh 6oJihiii<lsi ymiiia.
7. ..,3TO MOH CJIOBapb? Her, ___ He TBOH CJIOBapb.
8. Tbi 3Haeiiih, r.11,e Moe pa.11,Ho? Her, H He 3HaiO, r.11,e ___ .
9. 3ro Mo5r co6aKa. 6oJihiiiaH.
10. 3ro 113MaRJIOBCKHH rrapK. _ _ 6~eHh Kpaci:lBbiH rrapK.

4.2 Demonstrative Pronouns

Compare the following.
3ro HOBhiH pecropaH. 3ToT pecTopau H6Bhill:.
This is a new restaurant. This restaurant is new.
3TO crapa51 fOCTHHHIIa. 3Ta rOCTilHU~a CTapaH.
This is an old hotel. This hotel is old.
3ro 6oJihiii6e 3.11,aHHe. 3To 3)1,auue 6oJihiii6e.
This is a big building. This building is big.
In the right column, this is a demonstrative pronoun that modifies the noun
and therefore agrees with it in gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter).

Ynpaxueuue

2. Rewrite the sentences using the demonstrative pronoun 3ToT/3Ta/3To.

Model: 3ro HOBhiH pecropaH. 3ToT pecTopau uosLiii.
1. 3ro 6oJihiiia51 6H6JIHoreKa. 6. 3ro H6Boe 3.11,aHHe.
2. 3ro HOBhiH cra.11,H6H. 7. 3ro .11,opor6H: YHHBepMar.
3. 3ro ManeHhKa51 YJIHIIa. 8. 3ro crapoe IIHCbMO.
4. 3ro KpaciiBaH IlepKOBh. 9. 3ro H6Ba51 IIIK6Jia.
5. 3TO HHTepeCHbiH My3eR. 10. 3TO XOpOIIIHH Mara3HH.
If you compare two different items, you need another demonstrative
pronoun TOT/Ta/To (that).
3ToT reneBH:3op 6oJibiii6il, a TOT (reJieBii3op) ManeHhKHH.
This TV is big, but that one is small.
3Ta MaiiiiiHa .11,opora51, a Ta (MaiiiH:Ha) .11,eiiieBa51.
This car is expensive, but that one is cheap.
3TO IIHCbMO crapoe, a TO (rrHCbMO) HOBOe.
This letter is old, but that one is new.

f)J,e 3)J,eCb noqTa? 113

Ynpa.IK.nenue
3. Compare the two items according to the model.

Model: Maiiiima/~opor6HJ~eiiieBhiH 3Ta Mamuna ,n;oporb:,

a Ta Mamuna ~emesa».
1. Mara3im/xop6IIIuif/rrnox6if
2. 3~amre/6oJlhiiiOH/MarreHhKHH
3. 6H6JlHOTeKa/MarreHhKHH/6oJlhiiiOH
4. ~OMIHOBhiHICTaphiH
5. rrapKIKpacirBhiH/HeKpacirBhiH
6. IIHChMO/HOBhiH/CTaphiH
7. roCTHHH.Qa/xop6IIIHHIIIJ10XOH
a. YHHBepcHTeT/6onbiii6if/MarreHhKHif
9. arrTeKa!HOBhiHfcTaphiH
10. pa~Ho/xop6IIIHif/rrnox6if Remember: xop6IIIuH:,
xop6IIIaB, xop6IIIee..
4.3 Verbs naxo~HThCB, Ha3hiBaTbCB, and 3BaTb (3osyT)
A. Haxo,~J;~TbCH. Haxo,~J;HThCB (to be located) is a reflexive verb, hence
the ending -c». You will learn more about reflexive verbs later.
Haxo~HThCB belongs to the second conjugation group and is most
often used in the third-person singular and plural.
f~e HaXO~HTC51 rroqm?
Where is the post office located?
KpeMnh H KpacHaH rrn6I.Qa~h Hax6~»TC51 B MocKBe.
The Kremlin and Red Square are located in Moscow.
In this lesson, the use of naxo~uTcB/naxo~BTCB is optional. You should,
however, recognize this verb.

114 Yp6K4
B. Ha3biBaTbCB versus 3BaTb (3oByT). Like Haxo,D;HThCSI, the verb
ua3biBaTbCSI (to be called) is used primarily in the third-person
forms, referring to inanimate objects. This verb belongs to the first
conjugation group.

KaK Ha3hiBaeTcSI 3Ta yJmu;a?

What is this street called? (What is the name of this street?)
KaK Ha3hmaroTcSI 3TH 3.LJ:aHHSI?
What are these buildings called? (What are the names of these
buildings?)
3osyT, from 3BaTh (to call), is used when referring to animate objects.
KaK Te65J: 3oByT?
How do they call you? (What is your name?)

YnpaxueuuH
4. Fill in uaxo)J,uTcH, na3hiBaeTcH, or 3osyT.
1. 3Ta ynHu;a Ox6THhiH PSI.LJ:.
2. f,D;e 6H6J1HOTeKa?
3. KaK §TO 3,D;aHHe?
4. Er6 Hroph.
5. KaK 3Ta u;epKOBb?
6. CTa,D;HOH ,D;aneK6.
7. KaK 3Ta ynHu;a?
8. KaKBac ?
9. f,D;e KpeMnh?
10. 3TO 60J1biiiOe 3,D;aHHe fYM.

5. KaK Ha3biBaeTcH ..• ? Ask questions according to the model.

Remember to use the correct forms of demonstrative pronouns.

Model: ymru;a KaK ua3biBaeTcH 3Ta yJiu11a?

1. rrapK
2. 6H6J1HOTeKa
3. 3.LJ:aHHe
4. u;epKOBb
5. My3eH

f)J.e 3)J,eCL no•ITa? 115

4.4 Prepositional Case of Singular Nouns
In this lesson you will learn the prepositional case of nouns. The prepositional
case is used with the prepositions B (in, at) and ua (on, at) to express location.
f)J,e Carna? OH s 6u6JiuoTeKe.
Where is Sasha? He is at the library.
The prepositional case ending is added to the noun in place ofthe nominative
case ending. The prepositional case ending is -e for most nouns.

Nominative Prepositional
Masculine rrapK mipKe
My3e-H: My3ee
CJIOBap-b CJIOBape
Feminine arrTeK-a ariTeKe
cmiJihH-51 crr<iJihHe
rrJioiiJ;a)J,-h IIJIOIIJ;a)J,u (See note 1)
u,epK(o)s-b u,epKBH (See notes 1 and 2)
PoccH:-51 PoccH:u (See note 3)
Neuter IIHCbM-0 IIHCbMC
Mop-e Mope
3)J,aHu-e 3)J,amm (See note 3)

Note 1: Feminine nouns ending in the soft sign have the ending -u in the
prepositional case.
rrJIOIIJ;a)J,h - Ha rrJIOIIJ;a)J,H on the square
KpOBaTh - B KpOBaTH in bed
Note 2: Some nouns lose the vowel in the last syllable when endings are
added.
Note 3: Nouns ending in-» and -e, preceded by an u, have the ending -u
in the prepositional case.
CTaHIJ,H51 - Ha CTaHIJ,HH at the station
o6IIJ;e)KIITHe - B o6IIJ;e)KHTHH in the residence hall
A few masculine (mostly one-syllable) nouns have an ending-yin the
prepositional with the prepositions Band ua (expressing location). In
this lesson there are three nouns of this type.
IIOJI - Ha IIOJIY on the floor
Ca)J,- B Ca)J,y in the garden
IIlKa¢ - B IIlKa¢y in the closet

116 YpoK4
SIMPLIFIED RULE FOR THE PREPOSITIONAL
SINGULAR OF NOUNS (SG.)

M,F,N -e

Exceptions:
feminines ending in -b -u
feminines ending in -HH
neuters ending in -He

Preposition.!! or ua? The basic meaning of the two prepositions is the

following.
8 (in) ua (on)
8 KHH:re in the book Ha KHH:re on the book
8 rrHchMe in the letter ua rrHChMe on the letter
The English translation can also be at for either one of the prepositions.
8 Tehpe at the theater Ha cTap;H6He at the stadium
The preposition 8 is generally used with enclosed places with boundaries,
whereas ua is used with events and activities covering an entire area.
Sometimes, however, the use of 8 or ua has to be memorized.
8 6H6JmOTeKe at the library ua KoHu;epTe at the concert
8 IIIK6ne at school ua cTap;H6He at the stadium
8 yHHBepcineTe at the university ua p;aqe at the summer house
Ha rroqTe at the post office
ua ynHu;e in the street

YnpaJKueuue

6. Answer the questions in complete sentences, using personal pronouns

and the prepositional case with the preposition 8 or ua.

Model: fp;e HaTaiiia? (pecTOpaH) Omi 8 pecTopaue.

1. fp;e lfroph? (6H6JIHOTeKa) 6. fp;e JIH:3a H Mallia? (p;aqa) -

2. fp;e Mallia H JleHa? (ameKa) 7. fp;e HaTaiiia? (My3e:H:)
3. fp;e Cepre:H? (6aHK) 8. [p;e TypH:cT? (roCTHHHI.J;a)
4. fp;e Tso5I cecTpa? (11IK6na) 9. fp;e BH:KTop? (cTap;H6H)
5. fp;e lfpa? (yHHBepCHTeT) 10. fp;e Tso5I co6a!Ca? (ynHu;a)

r)J,e 3)J,eCb noqTa? 11 7

4.5 Nominative Plural of Nouns
You have so far learned the singular forms of nouns (the nominative and
prepositional cases). In this lesson, you will learn the nominative plural of
nouns.
"lJ:aHKOBCKHH H PaxMaHHHOB - 3TO KOMII03HTOpbi.
Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninoff are composers.

Singular Plural
Masculine
hard stem pecTOpau -0 pecTOpaHbi -bl
YHHBepMar* -0 YHHBepMaru* -u*
soft stem My3eH -H. My3eH -u
CJIOBapb -b CJIOBapu -u
Feminine
hard stem IIIK6Jia -a IIIKOJibl -bl
6H6JIHOTeKa * -a 6H6JIHOTeKH* -u*
soft stem CIIMbHJI -SI CIIMbHH -u
rrJI6rn;a)J;b -b IIJIOID;a)J;H -u
Neuter
hard stem IIHCbMO -0 rrHCbMa -a
soft stem 3)J;clHHe -e 3)J;clHHJI -JI
*The choice between the letters bl and M is determined by Spelling Rule 1.

After K, r, x, x, '1, w, and 111 write u, not hi.

Spelling Rule 1:
I
SIMPLIFIED RULE FOR THE
NOMINATIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS
M,F -bi/H
N -a/B

118 YpoK4
Some nouns have a shifting stress. Such changes are given in dictionaries
and glossaries.
Singular Plural
IIHChMO IIIfcbMa letter
OKHO OKRa window
cecTpa CfCTpbi sister
)J(emi )J(eHhl wife
A few nouns have irregular plural endings. Dictionaries and glossaries
note these irregularities. At this point, you should recognize the following.
The most important ones are boldfaced.
Singular Plural
r6po,Il, ropo,IJ,a city
,Il,OM ,Il,OMa house
Bet.Iep Bet.Iepa evening
npo<Peccop npo<Peccopa professor
6paT fipaTMI brother
J],pyr J],py3Ml friend
MY)!( MY)J(bH husband
CbiH CbiHOBbH son
CTYJI CTYJib51 chair
pe6eHOK )J,eTH child!children
t.JeJIOBeK JIIO)J,H person/people
,Il,Ot.Jb ,Il,Ot.Iepn daughter
MaTh MaTepH mother
Some nouns have a fleeting vowel, that is, they lose (or add) a vowel when
an ending is added.
Singular Plural
OTeu; OTJJ;bl father
u;epKOBb u;epKBH church
aMepnKaHeu; aMepHKaHJJ;bl American
KaHa,IJ,eu; Kami,IJ,JJ;bi Canadian
Some nouns are indeclinable, that is, they do not change their form.
Singular Plural
pa,IJ,HO pa,Il,HO radio
Ka<Pe Ka<Pe cafe
MeTpO MeTpO subway

n_1,e 311,eCb D«l'ITa? 119

/
Ynpaxueuue
7. Write the singular words in the plural and vice versa. This exercise
does not contain irregular forms.
1. masculines 2. feminines
Mara3H.u, IIIKOJia,
, CJIOBapH , 6H6JIHOTeKli
6ap, ynHu;a,
, 6aHKli arrTeKa,
TeaTP, , rrnorn;a,n;H
, pecTOpaHhi JIOIIIa,ll;h,
YHHBepMar,
MY3eH:, 3. neuters
, rrperro,n;aBciTeJIH ITliCbMO,
ITHCaTeJih, ,OKRa
3,ll;clHHe,

4.6 Nominative Plural of Adjectives

Unlike the singular forms, the adjective endings in the (nominative)
plural are the same for masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Singular Plural
Masculine HOBbiH, xopoiiiuil, 6oJihiiiOH
Feminine HOBaH, xopoiiiaH, 6oJihiiiaH HOBbie, xopoiiiue, * 6oJihiiine*
Neuter HOBoe,xopoiiiee,6oJihiiiOe
*Spelling Rule 1 is applied.

SIMPLIFIED RULE FOR THE NOMINATIVE

PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES
Pl. 1-hle/ue*
*Spelling Rule 1 is applied.

120 Yp6K4
Ynpa.IKueuuH
8. Write the corresponding questions.
Model: Y MeHSI KpaciiBhie KOIIIKH.
1. Y MeHSr 60JihiiiHe C06aKH.
2. Y HaC KpaCHBhie mipKH.
3. Y Hero CT<lphie MaiiiHHhl.
4. Y HHX xop6IIIHe KHilm.
5. Y Hee )J,oporile JI6IIIa)J.H.
KaKH:e y Te6sl KomKu?
6. Y HaC MaJieHhKHe )J,eTH.
7. Y Hero MOJIO)J,hie pO)J,HTeJIH.
8. Y MeHSI CH:Mrrarimfhie APY3hSr.
9. Y Hee MaJieHhKHe 6paThSI.
1o. Y HHx HOBbie cTy)J,eHThi.

9. Write complete sentences in the plural.

Model: Mhi/6oJihiii6:iVco6aKa Y uac ecTL 6oJILmne co6aKu.

1. OHa!6oJibiiiOH/co6aKa
2. Mhi/ManeHhKHH/KOIIIKa
3. oHil/xop6IIIHifiTeJieBil3op
4. SI/HOBhiH/KHMra
5. OH/CTaphiH!IIHChMO
6. HIHHTepecHhiH:/ra3eTa
7. OHafKpacHBhiH/JIOIIIa)J,h
8. OH/)J,opor6H/KOMIIhK)Tep
9. Mhi/pyccKHH/.IKypHM
10. OHH/SIIIOHCKHH/MaiiiHHa

4. 7 Plural of Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns

You have so far learned the three singular forms of possessive and
demonstrative pronouns. As with adjectives, the plural form is the same
for masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural

MOH MOSr MOe MOD
TBOH TBOSr TBOe TBOH
er6/ee er6/ee er6/ee erO/ee
Haiii Haiiia Haiiie mimu
Balli Baiiia Baiiie samu
HX HX HX HX
qeif l.JhSI l.Jbe 'lbH
§TOT 3Ta JTO 3TH
TOT Ta TO Te

r)l,e 3)1,eCh no•na? 121

Note 1: Notice the difference between the masculine singular MOD, TBOD
(with H Kpi:lTKoe) and the plural MOD, TBOH (without H KpaTKoe) with a
stress on the final u. In textbooks, the stressed syllables have an accent
mark on the vowel, which should not be confused with the "hat" of H
KpaTKOe.
MOD oTeu, (hat required) MOD po)J;iueJIH (accent mark optional)
TBOD )J;pyr (hat required) TBOH )J;py3hH (accent mark optional)

Note 2: Third-person forms er6 (his), ee (her), and Hx (their) remain the
same in all four forms, including the plural.
Singular Plural
3To er6 3TO er6
3TO ee co6aKa. 3TOee co6aKH.
3TOHX 3TOHX

YnpaJKueuue
10. Rewrite the sentences in the plural. This exercise contains some
of the most important irregular nouns (marked with an asterisk).

Model: Mo:H 6paT* rroHHMaeT Moo 6paTbH DOHHMaiOT

rro-pyccKH. no-pyccKu.
1. Mo:H rrperro)J;aBaTeJih roBopiu rro-pyccKH.
2. 3Ta yJim.~;a KpacimaH.
3. 3TOT Mara3IiH oqeHh )J;Opor6if.
4. 3To 3)J;aHHe H6Boe.
5. Barna K6MHaTa 6oJihiiiaH.
6. TBOH IIO)J;pyra CHMIIaTifqHaH.
7. Haw pycCKHH )J;pyr* XOpOIIIO IIOHHMaeT IIO-HCIIclHCKH.
8. 3TOT JKYPHM HHTepeCHbiH.
9. Mo5J: cecTpa* JKHBeT B o6IIJ;eJKHTHH.
10. Harna K6rnKa MaJieHhKaH.

122 YpoK4
 ,-,
., . iJ

AI 1
, c

Note: The core vocabulary is boldfaced.

Nouns I Housing
In the city 6aJIKOH balcony
anTeKa drugstore BaHH3SI bathroom
6aHK bank rap ax garage
6H6JIHOTeKa library fOCTHHaSI living room
6oJILHHU.a hospital )J,aqa dacha, summer
house
ropO,ll, city
,li,BepLj door
fOCTHHHIJ.a hotel
)J,eTCK3SI children's room
)J,OM house
Ka6uuh office
3)J,auue building
KBapTupa apartment
Kaci>e indecl. cafe
KOMHaTa room
KHHOTeaTp cinema
KOpii,ll;Op corridor
Mara3H:u store
KYXHSI kitchen
MeTpo indecl. subway
o6rn,eXHTHe residence hall
My3eu museum
OKHO window
napK park
UOJI floor
nJI6rn;ap;h f square
llOTOJIOK ceiling
noqTa post office
CUaJibHSI bedroom
npocneKT avenue
cTeua wall
pecTopau restaurant
CTOJIOBaSI dining room
cap; garden
TyaJieT toilet
CTa,li,HOH stadium
3Tax floor, level
TeaTp theater
yJiun.a street
yuuuepMarc1 department Furnishings
store )J,HBaH sofa
yuuuepcuTeT university liKOHa icon
\l
n;epKOBhj church KapniHa painting
mKoJia school KOBep rug

r)J.e 3)J.eCb UO•ITa? 12 3

~
 KpeCJIO armchair DOTOM then
KpOBaTLj bed npHMO straight ahead
JiaMna lamp pH)), OM close by
IIJiaKtlT poster cJieua on the left
rr6JIKa shelf cnpaua on the right
CTOJI table TaM there
chair
cabinet Prepositions
B+prep. in, at
Adjectives na +prep. on, at
rr:HchMeHHhiif writing (adj.)
~CTOJI writing desk Verbs
, yt_}\.Q,
KHH)I(HbU1 book (adj). BHCHT,BHCSIT is/are hanging
~aSI rr6JIKa bookshelf JKHTb (1), 1 to live
~hiM IIIKa<f> bookcase "! xuuy, xuuernL, JKHBYT

JiexnT, JiexaT is/are lying

Pronouns Ha3biBaeTCJI, is/are called
on,ona,ono,onU: he/she/it/they
na3hiBaiOTCJI
TOT,Ta,TO,Te that/those HaXO)J,HTCJI, is/are located
HaXO)J,JITCJI
3TOT,3Ta,3T0,3TU this/these
CTOHT,CTOHT is/are standing

Adverbs
Phrases
6JIH3KO near
HAiiiTe go
r)J,e where
H3BHHHITe excuse me
,!J,aJieKo far
noxaJiyiicTa please, you're
3)J.eCL here welcome
HaJit~BO to the left say, tell
nanpauo to the right

124 Yp6K4
YpoK s (IlsTblii ypoK)
f~e Bbl XHBeTe?
THEMES
• Describing your country
• Expressing location
• Making comparisons
• Saying where you live and
used to live
CanKT-IIeTep6ypr uax6)1,HTCB ua ceoepo-3ana11,e Poccuu.
CULTURE STRUCTURES
• Physical and political • Prepositional case of nouns
geography of Russia, (with B, Ha, and o)
former USSR republics, • Comparative of adjectives
and Europe
• Superlative of adjectives
• St. Petersburg
• Prepositional case of
• Countryside adjectives: B KaK6M I
B KaKOH
• Nouns with numerals
(ro.n;, r6.n;a, neT)
• Time expressions: ,n;aBH6,
CKOJihKO neT, BCIO )IGBHh
• Past tense of verbs:
Introduction
f)J,e Bbi1KHBCTe? 12 5
 Geographical Terminology

The following nouns

IIIT3T
have a stress shift in
the plural: cTpaHa-
....... cTpaHbi, ropa-r6pbi~
peKa-peKII, Mope-
MopS!, 63epo-o3epa.
In addition, two
nouns have irregular
plural endings:
r6po,ll,-ropo,ll,a and
(rroJiy)6cTpos-
(IIOJIY )OCTpOBa.

CillA [c3-III3-a]-
.. Coe)J,IIHeHHhie illTaTbi
AMepiiKII

*1. KaTeropuu.
A. Define the following geographical names.

Model: CillA- 3TO cTpaHa.

1. A<PpuKa s. AscTpamui 8. <l>Jiopii,ll,a
2. Oper6H 6. PocciiH 9. JlOH)J,OH
3. MIICCIICHIIII 10. Ky6a
4. 3pii (Erie)
B. Make up short dialogues according to the model.

s1: cmA - 3TO KoHmHeHT? S1: KaKa51 cTpaHa?

S2: HeT, 3TO cTpaHa. S2: EoJihiiiaH, KpaciisaH cTpaHa.
 3TO 60JihllHl51 peKa.

3TO MaJieHhKa51 peKa.

3TO uemy66Koe 63epo.

3TO BbiCOKHe r6phi.

new adjectives:
BbiCOKHH HH3KHH
3TO HH3Kue r6phr. rny66KHH Herny66KHH

ff).e ua KapTax?
• r6po.D: CaHKT-IleTep6ypr
• 63epo Jla,IJ;ora
• peKa Heaa
• EanTfiH:cKoe Mope
• <l>HHCKHH 3aJIHB
• 6CTpoB Kpomma.IJ:T
HeBa - 3To 6oJlbllla51 peKa?

AyBac?
• MHccHcflrm - 3To 6oJlbllla51
iiJlH M<ifleHhKa51 peKa?
• A peKa fy.IJ:36H?
• ArrrraJlaqH - :§To Bhrc6KHe
HJlH HH3KHe r6pbr? ,
• 03epo 3pH - :§To my66Koe
HJlH Hemy66Koe 63epo?

f)J,e Bbl 1KHBeTe? 12 7

I
I

Points of the compass

cesep
cesepo-3aiia,[l cesepo-BOCTOK

IDfO-BOCTOK
!Of

Ha cesepe.
Ha ceaepo-BOCTOKe.
Ha socT6Ke.
Ha Ibro-aocT6Ke.
r)J;e HaXO)J;HTCH Bam mTaT?
Ha rore.
Ha Ibro-3arra,n;e.
Ha 3ana,~J;e.
Ha ceaepo-3arra~e.

5.1 Prepositional Case of Nouns (with B, Ha, and o)

2. Ha cesepe HJIU ua rore?

A. KaKH:e IIITclTbl Hax6~5ITC5I Ha ceaepe CiliA?
A Ha lOre? Ha 3arra~e?
Ha aocT6Ke? Ha ceaepo-3arra~e?
Ha Ibro-aocT6Ke? Ha ceaepo-BOCTOKe?

B. f~e HaX0~5ITC5I 3TH ropo~a?

1. MHHHearrOJmc 6. BaiiiHHrTOH
2. CaH-<I>panu;H:cKo 7. E6cToH
3. CaH-,II,Hero 8. )J,annac
4. EaToH-Py.JK 9. HbiO-H6pK
5. ATnaHTa 10. Jlac-Berac

128 Yp6K5
3. AmlcKa - :ho OOJibiDOH mTaT Ha ceoepe. Read the following place
names located on or close to the North American continent. Then
describe them, including at least one descriptive adjective and the
approximate location. Use the new adjectives my66KHH or BhiCOKHH
where appropriate.

Model: Aml:cKa- :§TO 60JibiiiOH IIITaT Ha ceBepe.

1. ArrrranaqH 6. ry~30H (Hudson)
2. CeBepHaH Kaponima 7. IOKaTaH
3. II6pTJieH~ I Oper6H 8. H6BbiH OpneaH
4. Ily:§pTo-Pn:Ko 9. 51Mall:Ka
5. IO)KHaH ,Il,aK6Ta 10. <l>nopH.~a

Mo:H:r6po~ KpacH.oee,'leM TBOH r6po~.

IIITaT AmkKa 66JILIIIe, 'leM ApH36Ha.

5.2 Comparative of Adjectives

4
,.. Ta peKa )J,Jiuuuee,
t ..._______'I eM 3Ta peKa.

comparatives comparatives
6onhrn6M: ooJILme HH3KHH Huxe
MMCHbKHH MeHLme CTapbiH eTa pee
)I;JIIlHHbiH long )l,JIHHHee XOpOIIIHH Jiyqme
KOpOTKHH short Kopoqe KpaCHBbiH Kpacuoee
my66KHH rJiyoxe HHTepeCHbiH nHTepecHee
BbiCOKHH BLime

r)J.e Bbl XHBeTe? 12 9

~4. reorpa4Ju» CiliA.
A. ll>aKThi u MHeuuH. Facts and opinions. Answer the questions.
1. KaK6H: r6po,ll, 66Jihiiie: HhiD-H6pK irmi )l,eHsep?
2. KaKa51 peKa )J,JIHHHee: MHccHcirrrH HJIH fy)J.36H?
3. KaK6H: IIITaT HHTepecHee: KaJIH<P6pHH51 irJIH AH:6sa?
4. KaK6H: IIITaT MeHhiiie: Po,ll,-AH:JieH)J, irmi <Imopir,ll,a?
5. KaK6H: r6po,ll, Kp<J.cirsee: CaH-)l,Hero irJIH HhiO-H6pK?

B. Continue the list of questions using the following items.

1. ArrrraJiaqH CKaJiirCThie r6phi (Rockies)
2. Texac CesepHaH KapoJiirHa
3. Jioc-AH)J.)KeJiec E6cTOH
4. Aml.cKa IO)KHa51 )l,aK6Ta

C. KaK Tbi J1.yMaemb? Ask a partner's (or your teacher's) opinion

about the beauty or interest value of the following places. Use the
comparatives HHTepecHee, Kpacirsee, or Jiyqiiie.

Model: Hb10-H6pK BaiiiHHrT6H

S1: KaK Thi J1.YMaeiiih, KaK6H: r6po,ll, Kpacirsee: HhiO-ll6pK HJIH
BaiiiHHrT6H?
or: KaK Bhi ,ll,yMaeTe, ...
S2: Ilo-M6eMy, BaiiiHHrT6H Kpacirsee, qeM HhiO-H6pK.

1. Aml:cKa ApH36Ha
2. AMepHKa Kami)l,a
3. CaH-)l,Hero qHKaro
4. E6CTOH .D,ammc
5. MeKcHKa CiliA
6. BaiiiHHrT6H AmaHTa
7. <l>JiopirJ],a MHHHec6m
a. MaH:aMH Jiac-Berac

03epo Eail:KaJI- :§TO caMOe rJiy66Koe 63epo B MHpe.

 ArrS!cKa - :§TO caMbiH 60JibWOH mTaT B AMepHKe.
PocCH.SI - :§TO caMaJI 60JibmaJI CTpaHa B MHpe.
EaH:Karr- :§TO caMoe rJIY6oKoe o3epo B MHpe.
KaBKa3CKHe r6pbl - :§TO taMble BbiCOKHe ropbl B PoccHH.

5.3 Superlative of Adjectives

5. CaMaH 6oJibmaH cTpaHa. Answer the questions based on the chart.

UJiom,a;~,h (s KB. KM)

Poccim 17,075,400
Kami)J,a 9,976,139
KHTali 9,596,960
CiliA 9,372,614
Epa3HJIHH
· - - - - · 8,511,965
ABcTpanHH
· - - - - · 7,686,848
lfH)J,HH ~3,287,590
ApreHTHHa 2,766,889
Ka3axcTaH 2,717,300

0 10,000,000 20,000,000

1. KaKa.SI CTpaHa caMa.SI 60Jihiiia.SI B MHpe?

2. KaKife cTpaHhi 66Jihiiie, qeM CiliA?
3. KaKa.SI CTpaHa B IO)KHOH AMepHKe caMa.SI 60Jibiiia.SI?
4. KaKa.SI CTpaHa B CeBepHOH AMepHKe caMa.SI 60Jihiiia.SI?
5. KaKa.SI CTpaHa B A3HH 66Jihiiie, qeM CiliA?

6. <i>aKTbl H MHeHHJI.
A. Make up a geography quiz using the items listed.
Model: KaK Ha3hiBaeTC.SI caMhiH I caMa.SI I caMoe I caMhie ...
6oJihiii6H: CTpaHa BMHpe
BhiCOKHH IIITaT B AMepHKe
my66KHH r6pop; (in your state)
xopOIIIHH r6phi
)J;JIHHHhiH 63epo
peKa
3AaHHe

f;~,e Bbl .IKHBeTe? 131

 B. Find out what your classmates think about different cities and states.

Model: KaK Thi p;yMaeiiih, KaKoH: IIITaT c:iMhiH HmepecHhiH B

KaKoH: ropop; AMepHKe?

C. You are invited to give a lesson on the geography of the United States
to Russian schoolchildren. Show them the location of all possible
landmarks, cities, states, and the like, and give some interesting facts
and opinions.

~ qTo Bhi 3HaeTe o Poccuu? 5.1 (E) Preposition o

l
Poccf.m- 3TO caMa5l 60JiblliM CTPaHa B Mirpe. Ha ceBepe KJIHMaT apKTifqecKHH,
aHa lOre cy6TPorril:qecKHH.
Ha ceBepe - Jle,IJ;OBHTbiH OKeaH. 3p;ech HaXO,IJ;HTC5l caMbiH 60JiblliOH
OCTpOB B Poccil:H - HoBa5l 3eMJIH. Ha BOCTOKe - CH6Hpb, rp;e TeKyT 1 caMhie 1
flow
p;nil:HHhie peKH: 06h, EHHceH: H JleHa. ,Il,aneKo Ha BocToKe - TirxHH: oKeaH,
rronyoCTpoB KaMqaTKa, ocTpoB CaxanirH H peKa AMyp. Bnap;HBOCTOK -
Russia is a transcon-
3To caMbiH 60JiblliOH ropop; Ha BOCTOKe. Ha !Ore CH6irpH HaXO,Il;5ITC5l ropop;
tinental country.
11pKyTCK H 03epo Eall:Kan, caMoe my6oKoe 03epo B Mirpe.
The Ural Mountains
Ha ceBepo-3arrap;e HaXO,IJ;5ITC5l baJITHHCKOe MOpe, 03epo Jlap;ora H ropop;
divide Russia into two
CaHKT-I1eTep6ypr.
continents: Europe and
Ha lOre - KaBKa3CKHe ropbl, caMhie BbiCOKHe ropbl B Poccil:H, a TaK)Ke
Asia. The area east of
qepHoe Mope H KacrrH:H:cKoe Mope.
the Ural Mountains is
A. 0TseTbTe ua sonpochi. also known as Siberia.
1. KaKOH Ha ceBepe KJIHMaT? A Ha lOre?
2. CaMhie 6onhiiiire ropop;a Haxop;5ITC5l Ha Jarrap;e irnH Ha BOcToKe? The endangered
A caMhie ,Il;JIHHHhie peKH? Siberian tiger is also
3. qTo TaKoe Eall:Kan? called the Amur tiger
4. KaKire Mop5J: Haxop;5ITC5l Ha lOre? after its habitat around
the Amur river in the
B. Ask five more questions based on the text. Far East.
C. Find all the places listed here on the map on the front endpapers of
this book.
MOpH H 03epa peKH ropbi OCTpOBa

qepHoe Mope ,Il,oH YpanhcKHe rophi HoBa5l 3eMJIH

KacrrH:H:cKoe Mope Bonra (Ypan) Caxanil:H
baJITHHCKOe Mope 06h KaBKa3cKHe rophi
Jle,IJ;OBHTbiH OKeaH EHHCeH (KaBKa3)
o3epo Eall:Kan JieHa
TirxHH: oKeaH AMyp
Jlap;ora

132 YpoK5
7. KapTa Poccuu. Describe the following places with an adjective, and give
their approximate location on the map.
Model: BoJira- ino 6oJihrml.SI peKa Ha lOre PoccH:n.
1. JleHa 4. KaMl.laTKa 7. CaxaJIHH
2. KaBK<bcKHe rophi 5. Baii:KaJI 8. EHHCeH
3. HosaSI 3eMml: 6. AMyp

feorpa<l>uqecKue <I>aKThi.
A. Look at the captions on the charts. Based on your knowledge of the
adjectives ,IJ;miHHhiH, my6oKHH, and BhiCOKHH, what do you think
the nouns ,IJ;JIHHa, my6nHa, and BhicoTa mean?

CAMbiE EiOnbWII1E OCTPOBA CAMbiE EiOnbWII1E PEKII1

Ha3BaHIIIe nn61.1..1aAb a HaaeaHIIIe I .Qn~~tHa peKM
TbiC. KB. KM B KM
1. H6BaR 3eMJ1R 82,6 1. 06b-1!1pTbiW 5413
2. Caxam1H 77,0 2. AMyp 4420
CAMbiE BbiCOKII1E rQPbl 3.neHa 4265
Ha3eaHIIIe r6pHo~ BbiCOTa caMO~ 4. EHIIICSiii 4129
crpaHbl BbiCOKO~ eepWM Hbl 5. B6nra 3690
1. 6onbw6iii KaBKa3 5633 (3nb6pyc)
2. YpanbCKIIIe r6pb1 1883
CAMbiE EiOnbWII1E 03EPA
Ha3eaHIIIe nn61.1..18Ab B TbiC. CaMaA 6onbwaA
KB.KM rny6111Ha B M
1. Kacnti1iiicKoe M6pe 424,0 980 The Caspian Sea is
2. 63epo 6aiiiKan 31,5 1741 classified as a lake
3. 63epo naAOra 18,4 225 because it has no outlet.

B. 0TueTbTe na uonpochi.
1. KaK Ha3biBaeTCSI caMoe 60JihiiiOe 03epo B PoccH:n?
2. A caMoe my6oKoe 03epo?
3. KaKoe o3epo my62Ke: Jla,IJ;ora HJIH KacrrH:H:cKoe Mope?
4. KaKoe o3epo MeHhiiie: KacrrH:H:cKoe Mope HJIH o3epo BaH:KaJI?
5. KaK Ha3hiBaeTcSI caMhiH 6oJihiiioH: ocTpos?
6. KaK Ha3hiBaeTCSI caMaS! ,IJ;JIHHHaSI peKa?
7. KaKaSI peKa ,IJ;JIHHHee: JleHa H:Jin BoJira?
8. KaKH:e rophi Bhiiiie: KasKa3cKHe HJIH YpaJihCKHe rophr?

C. Working in pairs, ask each other more questions about the charts.

r)J,e Bbl XUBCTe? 13 3

Political Geography
" " "

B KaKou cTpane? B AMepHKe I s CIDA I B PoccH:n.

B KaKoM mTaTe? B 0KJiax6Me I B KarrH<):>6pHHH.
B K8KOM ropo,ra;e? B IIapiDKe I s MocK.Be.

5.4 Prepositional Case of Adjectives: s KaK6M I s KaK6111

EBPOIIA

B KaKou cTpaHe Haxo,liHTca IIapillK?

IIapillK Hax6,nHrea Bo wpaannn.

CTpami CTOJIJII~a CTpami CTOJIHU:a CTpaaa CTOJIHU:a

1" lfCJHlH~IHI PeiiKbSIBHK 11. ronmiH~Ma AMcTep~aM 21. Bonrapm1 Co¢H:a
2. HopBerml Ocno 12. Benbma BpiOCCCJib 22.rpe1.1ua A<j:lHHbi
3. .[l,aHMSI KorreHrareH 13. lfpnaH~ua .[l,y6JIMH 23. AJI6aHMSI TupaHa
4.lliBCI.\llSI CTOKfOJibM 14.lliBeHI.I:ipMSI BepH 24. MaKe~6Hua CK6rrbe
5. <l>MHJISIH~llSI xenbcMHKll 15. ABCYpllSI BeHa 25. qepHor6pMSI Ilo~r6pHI.Ia
6. JCTOHMSI T:iJIJIMHH 16. qeXHSI IIpara 26.Cep6HSI Benrpa.n;
7. JlaTBllSI PH:ra 17. Cnos:iKMSI BpaTucnasa 27.1>6cHMSI Capaeso
8. JlMTBa BHJibHIOC 18. BeHrpua By.n;arreun 28. XopBaTua 3arpe6
9.Benapycb MMHCK 19. PyMh!HllSI ByxapecT 29. CJIOBCHMSI JIID6n5ma
10. I16nbiiia BapiiiaBa 20. Mon.n;6sa KuiiiuHeB 30. IIopTyr:iJiua Jlucca66H

134 YpoK5
9. f)],e B Espone? Quiz a classmate on European geography.
CTOm1u;a Poccilu, capital of
S1: B KaK6H: cTpaHe Hax6pJITcH J16H.n,oH?
Russia (genitive case). Similarly:
all countries ending in -HH. But:
S2: BAHrmm. Jimaa - JlHTBLI, Mo.JI)l,6aa -
and: S1: KaK Ha3hiBaeTcH cToJiuu;a Poccuu? MoJI.n,6BLI, ll6Jihiiia - ll6JihiiiH,
EeJiapych - EeJiapycu.
S2: MocKaa.

CoK)3 CoseTcKux Cou;ua.JiucTn'lecKux Pecny6JiuK, CCCP (1917-1991)

Although the former Soviet Union consisted of
fifteen separate republics, it was often regarded
as a single entity with respect to politics and
international relations. The breakup of the
Soviet Union has given the former republics
a new historical, political,· and economic
significance in the world. The early attempts to
create an alliance called CIS, Commonwealth
of Independent States, (CHr, Co)J.pyxecTBO
He3asucHMLIX rocy)J.apcTB) between some of
the former Soviet republics did not result in a
strong union.
Some former republics are often categorized
according to their geographical location in the
Baltics (llpu63JITHKa), the Caucasus Mountains
(KasKa3), or Central Asia (Cpe)J.HJIJI A3HJI).

Find the following former republics on the map on the front endpapers and
answer the questions.
o KaKile 6hiBIIIHe pecrry6JIHKH Hax6.n,HTCH B llpH6MTHKe? (3)
o Ha KaaKa3e? (3)
o B Cpe.n,HeH: A3HH? (5)

6b'1smaJI pecny6JIHKa I cTpaua CTOJIUD;a

1. PocciiH:cKaH <l>e.n,epau;HH, PocciiH MocKaa
2. 3CTOHH51 TMJIHHH
3. JlaTBHH Pilra
4. JlHTBa BHJibHIOC
5. EeJiapych MHHCK
6. YKpaiiHa Kilea
7. MoJI.n,6aa KHIIIHHea
8. fpy3H51 T6HJIHCH
9. ApMeHHH EpeaaH
10. A3ep6aH:.n,xaH EaKy
11. Ka3axcTaH AcTaHa
12. Y36eKHcTaH TaiiiKeHT
13. TypKMeHHcTaH AIIIxa6a.n,
14. Kbiprbi3cTaH bHIIIKeK
15. Ta.n,xHKHcTaH ,r:t;yiiiaH6e

r,11,e Bbl 1KUBfTe? 13 5

10. ropo)],a.
A. Using the map of Russia on the front endpapers, arrange the cities
on the chart in two groups based on their location.
B EBp6rre B A31UI

...•
---
ApxaHreJihCK
BJiap;HBOCTOK
BoJirorpap;
EKaTepHH6ypr
HpKyTCK
Ka3aHh

---
MocKsa
MypMaHcK
HioKHHif H6sropop;
•

-
HOBOCH6HpCK
0MCK
PocT6B-Ha-)J,oHy
CaMapa
CaHKT-IleTep6ypr

--
C6<IH
Y<Pa
•
Xa6aposcK
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
MUJIJIUOHbl

B. Answer the questions based on the chart. Refer to the map of Russia
on the front endpapers for location.
1. KaKH:e ropo,n;a HaXO,ll;SITCSI ,n;aJieK6 Ha ceBepe?
2. KaK6ii r6po,n; caMhiH ceBepHbiH?
3. KaKH:e ropo,n;a Hax6,n;SITcSI B CH6lipH?
4. KaK6ii r6po,n; Hax6,n;HTCSI Ha 6epery... (on the coast) '-lepHoro
M6pSI? TH:xoro oKeaHa? Jle,n;oBH:Toro oKeaHa?
5. KaK6ii r6po,n; 66Jihiiie: HpKyTcK HJIH MypMaHcK?
6. KaK6ii r6po,n; caMhiH 6oJihiii6ii?
7. KaK6ii r6po,n; MeHhiiie: CaHKT-IleTep6ypr RJIH HoBocH6lipcK?
8. KaK6ii r6po,n; Hax6,n;HTCSI Ha peKe ,[(oH?
9. KaK6ii r6po,n; Hax6,n;HTCSI Ha peKe B6Jira?
10. KaK6ii r6po,n; Hax6,n;IITCSI He,n;aJieK6 OT 63epa EaiixaJI?
Saying Where You Live and Used to Live

B K3KOM ropo)J,e Bbl )IGIBeTe? 5I )I(HBY s MocKse.

5.4 Prepositional Case of Adjectives: s KaK6M I s KaK6Vi

1 ro)J,.
Bhi )J,aBHo )I(HBeTe s MocKse? 2 (3, 4) ro)J,a.
CKoJibKO JieT Bhi )I(HBeTe s MocKse? 5 (6, 7 ... ) JieT.
Bcro XH3Hb.

5.5 Nouns with Numerals (roA, r6Aa, neT)

5.6 Time Expressions: AaBH6, CKOnbKO neT, BCfO >KI-13Hb

.a I Tbi loR 'XHJI

PaHbme .a 1 Tbl 1 oHa XHJIS B 0MCKe.
Mbl I Bbl I OHif XHJIH

5.7 Past Tense of Verbs: Introduction

ABbl?

• B KaK6M r6po11,e Bhi )I(HBeTe?

• Bhi 11,asH6 :)lmBeTe TaM?
• A r11,e Bhi )l(£um paHhiiie?
• B KaK6M r6po11,e )I(HBYT miiiiH po11,£ne;m?
• CK6JihKO neT om1 )I(HBYT TaM?
• A f)J,e )I(HBYT BaiiiH 6pclTb5I H ceCTpbi I 6a6yiiiKH I )J,e)J,yiiiKH?

r)J,e Bbl :lKHBeTe? 13 7

~11. B KaKOU CTpaue H B KaKOM ropo)J,e?
A. Have short conversations with your classmate according to the
model.
S1: B KaK6H: cTpam~ )KHBeT Carna?
S2: OH )KHBeT B PoccHH.
S1: B KaK6M r6po,D;e?
S2: B MocKBe.
S1: CK6JihKo JieT oH )KHBeT B MocKBe? I OH ,JJ;aBH6 )KHBeT B MocKBe?
S2: ,lJ,eB5ITh JieT. A pauLme on xuJI ••.

KTO cTpaua ropo)J, CKOJILKO JieT

1. EopHc PoccH51 CaHKT-IleTep6ypr 4
2. ,lJ,)KOH KaHa,JJ;a Top6HTO 21
3. CI03aHHa AHrJIH51 flOH,D;OH 8
4. MapH51 HcrraHHH EapceJI6Ha 24
5. llHH,JJ;a CillA DOCTOR 12
6. MapK H IloJI <l>paH.QH51 IlapH)K 1
7. YJipHKa fepMaHH51 faM6ypr 5
8. HaTarna YKpaHHa O,JJ;ecca BCIO )Kif3Hb

B. Get together in groups of four students. Each student selects a

character from section A. Find out where they all are from, what
languages they speak, where their home cities are located, what their
cities are like, and how long they have lived there. Also find out ·
where they lived before.

12. KTo r,JJ;e xuoeT? Who lives where? Read the statements and match the
cities with the correct people.

HoBocH6HpcK HpKyTCK EKaTepHH6ypr

CaHKT-IleTep6ypr C6qH MocKBa
MypMaHCK BJia,JJ;HBocT6K PocT6B-Ha-,lJ,oHy
ApxaHreJihCK
1. HH:ua: Mo:H r6po,D; HaXO,ll;HTC51 oqeHb ,JJ;aJieK6 Ha ceBepe,
He,JJ;aJieKO OT <l>HHJISIH,ll;HH.
2. Cepreii: 5I )KHBY B CH6HpH. Mo:H r6po,D; Hax6.D:HTC51 Ha 6epery
peKH 06h.

138 YpoKS
 3. Bom))J,H: MoH: ropoll: oqeHh KpacH:BbiH. OH HaXO)l;HTCSI He)l;a.JieKo
oT o3epa EaH:Karr.
4. Mama: MoH: ropo)l; 6oJihiiiOH. OH Haxo)l;HTCSI Ha 6epery
Da.JITHHCKOfO MOpS!, Ha ceBepo-3arra)l;e.
5. Jlapuca: 5I )KHBY Ha 6epery "llepHoro MOpSI.
6. Au)J.peu: MoH: ropoll: HaXO/l:HTCSI oqeHh )l;a.JieKo Ha BOCTOKe, Ha
6epery TH:xoro oKeaHa.
7. Jleua: MoH: ropo)l; caMbiH 60JibliiOH B PoccHH H, IIO-MOeMy,
caMbiH KpaCHBbiH.
8. Anema: MoH: ropoll: HaXO)l;HTCSI Ha lOre, Ha 6epery peKH: ,lJ;oH.
9. rpuma: 5I )KHBY )l;a.JieKO Ha ceBepe Ha 6epery Jle)l;OBliTOfO
oKeaHa.
10. HaTama: MoH: ropoll: Haxo)l;HTCSI Ha Yparre.

~f)J,e Jiy'lme JKHTh: 8 )J,epe8ue 1 HJIH 8 ropo)J,e? 1

countryside
I

" MeH5I 30BYT BacimHH: BacH:nheBHq Phr6KHH. 5I Bcro )KH3Hb )KHBY B )l;epeBHe.
BcSI2 Mo5I ceMhH )KHBeT 3)l;ech: H )l;eTH, H BHYKH. 2
all
IlO-MOeMY, B )l;epeBHe )KHTb Jiyqiiie, qeM B r6pO)l;e. IJoqeMy?3 IlOToM}', ~04 3
why I 4because
y HaC eCTb CBOH5 )l;OMa, eCTb peKa H JieC, qflcTbiH B03)l;yx6 H THIIIHHa. 7 )KHTb 5
our own I 6clean air I 7quiet
a fl,epeBHe crroKoH:Ho. 8 8peaceful

Meu5I 3oByT JleHa OpnoBa. 5I ll:YMaro, qTo )KHTh B )l;epeBHe cKyqHo.

5I BCIO )KH3Hb )KHBY B 60JibiiiOM ropo)l;e, B MocKBe. Y HaC TaM xopOIIIaSI,
H6BaSI KBapn1pa. MoH: po)l;riTeJIH paHhiiie )KifJIH B )l;epeBHe, a Terreph y)Ke 9 9
already
· 25 neT )KHBYT B MocKBe.
5I /l:yMaiO, qTO )KHTb B 60JibiiiOM rOpO)l;e HHTepecHee, qeM B )l;epeBHe.
y HaC eCTb xopOIIIHe Tehpbl, KJiy6hi, pecTopaHbl, Mara3HHbl. H, caMoe
fJlllBHOe, IO JIID)l;H 11 B rOpO)l;e HaMHOro 12 HHTepeCHee, qeM B )l;epeBHe. 10
the main thing I 11 people I 12a lot

BtJ,epesue.

rt~.e Bbl .IKHBeTe? 13 9

 A. OTBeTbTe ua Bonpocbi.
1. Bacivmii: BacirJiheBH~ ,IJ:aBH6 )I(HBeT B ,IJ:epeBHe?
2. Y BacirmiH P:bi6KHHa ecTh ,IJ:eTH?
3. BacirJIHH )I(HBeT B KBapTirpe?
4. BacirJIHH .IJ:YMaeT, ~To )I(HTh B ,IJ:epeBHe cKy~Ho?
5. Po.IJ:irTeJIH JleHhi T6)1(e )I(HBYT B ,IJ:epeBHe?
6. JleHa .IJ:aBH6 )I(HBeT B MocKBe?
7. Tio~eMy (why) Jlena .IJ:)'MaeT, ~To )I(HTh B r6po,IJ:e HHTepecHee, ~eM
B .IJ:epeBHe?

B. <l>aKT HJIH Mueuue?

1. JIIO.IJ:H B r6po,IJ:e HHTepecHee, ~eM B ,IJ:epeBHe.
2. B r6po,IJ:e ecTh TeaTphi, pecTopaHhi H Mara3HHhi.
3. B ,IJ:epeBHe ecTh peKa H Jiec.
4. JleHa BciO )I(H3Hb )I(HBeT B MocKBe.
5. B ,IJ:epeBHe ~irCThiii: B63.IJ:yx.
6. B ,IJ:epeBHe )I(HTh crroK6ii:Ho.

C. IIo-MoeMy. Make a list of items you believe are typical of the two
locations (good schools, universities, rivers, forest, restaurants,
people, etc.). Then defend your opinion.

Model: Tio-M6eMy, B... HHTepecHee )I(HTh, rroToMy ~To TaM ecTh ...

B r6po,IJ:e:

A. You should now be able to . ..

1. describe landmarks using: geographical terminology
adjectives (long/short, high/low,
deep/shallow)
points of the compass
For self-tests and additional practice,
2. explain the location oflandmarks, cities, states, and countries please go to the Book Companion
Site, available at www.wiley.com/
3. compare two items regarding their size, age, quality, and interest value college/nummikoski

4. express your opinion about the relative value of something For access to the videos, please go to
the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
5. ask and answer questions about the ranking of more than two items your access code at www.wiley.com/
collegelwrk
(superlative)
6. ask and answer questions about: what country, state, and city you live in
how many years you have lived in a place
where you used to live

140 YpoKS
B. Interview. Interview a classmate. Find out where his or her parents and
other relatives live and how long they have lived there. Where did they
live before? Then report the results of your interview.

parents siblings grandparents other relatives

city:
state:
length of time:

C. Roleplay. You are sitting in an airplane on the way to Moscow. Get

acquainted with the person sitting next to you (played by a classmate).
Introduce yourselves and find out everything possible about each other,
including ...
1. where you live and how long you have lived there
2. the location of your city (state, north I south)
3. the size of the city
4. interesting places in the city

D. Geography Review. Quiz a friend on world geography according to

the models. Substitute other places for the boldfaced terms.
1. B KaK6M nmiTe Hax6)J,MTC5I Jloc-AH)J,.IKeJiec?
2. KanM<IJ6pumr Hax6)J,MTC5I Ha d~Bepe CIIIA?
3. '-ITo TaK6e EaifKan? f)J,e Hax6)J,MTC5I EaifKan?
4. KaK Ha3biB<leTC5I caMbiH 6oJibWOH ropo)J, B Mope?

E. Show and Tell. Pretend that you are promoting tourism to a country or
state of your choice. Show on a map its location, bordering states and
countries, the capital, rivers, mountains, and so on. Be sure to include
several adjectives to describe the size, beauty, and interest value of the
items you mention.

F. Interview Video. <!>aKT :HJm MHem1e?

G. Cultural Video. CaHKT-TieTep6ypr- r6pop: TieTpa I

r11,e Bbl .IKUBeTe? 141

Word Building

The noun Mnp has two basic meanings: world and peace. It appeared in
MHPY MHP! Peace to the World! (literally, To the world, peace.), which
was a common slogan in Soviet days. In addition, MHp was the name of
a Russian space station and part of the title of Leo Tolstoy's famous novel
«Bo:H:Ha H MHp» (War and Peace).
OcTpou is an island. The prefix noJI(y) means half Therefore,
noJiyocTpou is a half-islarrd, or peninsula. Incidentally, the word peninsula
is formed in the same way, from the Latin words paene (almost) and insula
(island).
The Russian for east is BOCTOK. In addition, BOCTOK was the name of
a series of Russian spaceships. Yuri Gagarin's spacecraft was BocH)K-1.
The word BOCTOK also appears in BJia)J,HBOCTOK, a city on the east coast of
Russia. BJia)J,u- comes from the verb BJia)J,eTb (to rule), so BJia)l;HBOCTOK is
the ruler of the east.
A variation of the Russian word for a city (-rpa)J,) appeared in the names
of some Soviet cities: IIeTporpa,ll;, JleHHHrpa,ll;, BoJirorpa,ll; (Stalingrad
1925-1961), KaJIHHHHrpa,ll;. The full word ropo)J, appears in H6sropo,ll;
(literally, new city), a city in central Russia with a history spanning more
than a thousand years.
Many names of Russian cities, especially those in Siberia, end in the
suffix -cK. These cities are usually relatively young. Among them are
MypMaHcK, ApxaHreJihCK, 0McK, ToMeK, lfpKyTcK, HosocH6H.pcK, and
Xa6apoBcK. One of them, Csep,ll;JIOBCK, has been renamed with its original
Germanic name EKaTepHH6ypr.

Match the English with the corresponding Russian words. Some items
were discussed in this section, whereas others relate to the vocabulary of
Chapter 5.
world war CTOJIIfqHaH
the ruler of the world 60JibllUIHCTBO
Bolshevik BJia,JJ;HMHp
half a year )J,arrhHHif BocT6K
minority MeHblllHHCTBO
majority MHpOBllH BOHHa
capital vodka 60JihllleBHK
Far East IIOJifO)l;a

142 YpoKS
rPAMMATHKA
5.1 Prepositional Case of Nouns (with B, ua, and o)
The prepositional case, as you learned in Chapter 4, is used to express
location with the prepositions B and ua and the ending -e. In this lesson,
the prepositional case is used in the following new constructions:

A. Points of the compass. Notice the preposition ua in this

construction.
Ha CeBepe in the north
ua BocT6Ke in the east
ua Ibre in the south
ua 3ana)J,e in the west

B. Names of places. You have already learned that nouns ending in

-m1 or -He and feminines ending in a soft sign have exceptional
prepositional case endings. Many place names fall into these
categories. Place names consisting of letter abbreviations are not
declined.

Ending
Feminines ending in -HB: -u
AHrJIH51 B AHrJIHH
Pocdm B Pocci1u
Feminines ending in a soft sign: -H
CH6Hpb B CH6I1pu
EeJiapych B EeJiapycu
Abbreviations: none
CiliA BCIIIA

C. Foreign names of places. If the foreign word ends in a consonant, the

Russian ending -e is usually added. Geographical names ending in -e,
-u, -o, -y, and in a stressed -a are not declined.

)J,anJiac B )J,aJIJiace
BaiiiHHrTOH B BaiiiHHrT6He
but: CaH-<l>panu:I1cKo B CaH-<l>paHIJ;HCKO (no ending)
Tiepy B Tiepy (no ending)

f)J,e Bbi BmBeTe? 143

D. The preposition 8 becomes 80 in front of nouns beginning with two
consonants, the first one of which is 8 or 4>.
<l>paHll;IISI 80 <l>paHIJ;IHI
BJia,LJ,HBOCTOK 80 BJia,LJ,HBocT6Ke

E. In addition to the prepositions 8 and ua, the prepositional case is

used with the preposition o (about).
'ITo Thi 3Haelllh o .hoH,LJ,OHe? What do you know about London?
5I rosoplb o ,Ll,pyre. I'm talking about (my) friend.
The preposition o becomes o6 if followed by a vowel.
'ITo Bhi 3HaeTe o6 A<f>pHKe? What do you know about Africa?
The question words KTO and qyo become o KOM (about whom) and o
qeM (about what) in the prepositional case.

0 KOM Tbl fOBOpHillb? Whom are you talking about?

0 qeM Thi ,LJ,yMaelllh? What are you thinking about?

Ynpaxueuus

1. Finish the sentences.

Model: ,Il,anJiac Hax6,LJ,HTCSI (Texac). 8 Texace
1. KaHa,LJ,a HaXO,LJ,HTCSI (cesep).
2. CaH-<l>paHu;ilcKo- 3TO 6oJihlll6il r6po,LJ, (3ana,LJ,).
3. Texac Hax6,LJ,HTCSI (10r).
4. HhiO-HopK Hax6,LJ,HTCSI (cesepo-socT6K).
5. JlOH,LJ,OH HaXO,LJ,HTCSI (AHrJIHSI).
6. Baplllasa Hax6,LJ,HTCSI (I16Jihllla).
7. faM6ypr HaXO,LJ,HTCSI (fepMaHHSI).
a. EHHcM- 3TO 6oJiblllaSI peKa (CH6H:pb).
9. MHHCK HaXO,LJ,HTCSI (oeJiapych).
10. 5I )KHBY (CiliA).

2. Write complete sentences according to the model. Pay attention to

adjective agreement.
Model: B6Jira I 6oJiblll6H: I peKa I PoccH:SI
B6Jira - 3To 6oJihlllaSI peKa s PoccH:H.
1. 3pH I 6oJihlll6H: I 63epo I AMepHKa
2. Texac I 6oJiblll6H: I IllTaT I 10r

144 Yp6K5
 3. ArrrraJiaqH I HH3KHH: I r6phi I socT6K
4. CaHKT-lleTep6ypr I KpacHBbiH I r6pop; I cesepo-3arrap;
5. Caxa.TIHH I p;JIHHHhiH /6CTpoB I BOCTOK
6. EaiiKan I my66KHH I 63epo I CH6ilph
7. H6Ba51 3eMJIH I 60JibiiiOH I 6cTpOB I cesep
8. BJiap;HsocT6K I HHTepecHbiH: r6pop; I socT6K
9. PHM I cTaphiH: I r6pop; I I1TanH51
10. CeHa (Seine) /6oJihiii6H: I peKa I <l>paH:U:H51

3. fp;e ouu 1KHByT? Write complete sentences according to the model.

Model: JleHa I MocKsa Jleua 1KUBfT B MOCKBe.
1. .Il,eHilc H Miiiiia I Op;ecca
2. Mo.sl ceCTpa I J16Hp;oH
3. Bhi I Tiapii1K
4. 51/ Top6HTO
5. Thi I Jioc-AHp;1KeJiec
6. HaTaiiia I BJiap;HsocT6K
7. HiiHa H Jlil3a I HpKyTcK
8. Cepre:H: I MHHCK
9. 3TH cTyp;eHThi I CaHKT-lleTep6ypr
1o. Mhi I qHKaro

4. Answer the questions in complete sentences.

Model: 0 qeM Thi rosopiiiiih? (Poccil51) H rosopro o Poccuu.
1. 0 qeM Bbl fOBOpHTe? (MOCKBa)
2. 0 KOM fOBOpHT Jlapifca? (HBaH)
3. 0 qeM Thi p;yMaeiiih? (ceMhSI)
4. 0 KOM oHil rosop.siT? (rrpo<Peccop)
5. 0 qeM Bbl p;yMaeTe? (PocCH51)
6. 0 qeM rosopiiT rrpo<Peccop? (A<l>pHKa)
7. 0 KOM p;yMaeT 0Jihra? (Hropb)
8. 0 KOM p;yMaiOT 3TH CTyp;eHTKH? (Cepreif H BoJIO,ll;51)
9. 0 qeM rosopS!:T TBoil p;py3h.sl? (YKpaiiHa)
10. 0 qeM Tbl fOBOpHIIIb? (reorpa<PH51)

r,11,e Bbi1KHBfTe? 145

5. Write the corresponding questions.
Model: OH roBopiiT o Jlapirce. 0 KOM OH rOBOpiiT?
OH roBopirT o MocKBe. 0 'leM ou rooopnT?
1. 5I ,IJ,yMaiO o Cepree.
2. 0Hir ,IJ,yMaiOT o IIIK6Jie.
3. Mhi roBopirM o rrpe3H,IJ,eHTe.
4. 5I roBopiO o6 YKpairHe.
5. Mhi AYMaeM o 6a6yiiiKe.

5.2 Comparative of Adjectives

You have so far learned the masculine, feminine, neuter, and plural
forms of adjectives. To compare two items, you need the comparative
form. The regular formation of the comparative is to add the suffix -ee to
the adjective stem.
comparative
The form eTa pee is
KpacnB-hiH beautiful KpacirBee more beautiful
used when compar-
uuTepecn-hiH interesting HHTepecHee more interesting
ing inanimate nouns.
)J,JIHHH-hiH long ,IJ,JIHHHee longer
CTapme is used when
cnip-hiH old cTapee older
comparing people:
Some comparative forms are irregular. Mo.sl cecTpa cTapiiie,
qeM TBm1 cecTPa.
6oJihiii6H: big 66Jibme bigger (also, more)
ManeHhKHH little MCHbme smaller (also, less)
BhiCOKHH tall, high ob'Ime taller, higher
KOpOTKHH short Kopoqe shorter
my66KHH deep rJiy6xe deeper
HM3KHH low uuxe lower
Some comparatives are formed from a different stem.
xop6IIIHH good Jiyqme better
Note 1: These comparative forms do not agree with the noun; they have
one independent form only.
3TOT IIITaT TOT IIITaT.
3Ta MaiiiirHa Ta MaiiiirHa.
3TO 3)l,clHife TO 3)J,clHife.
3TH r6pbl Te r6phL

146 YpoK5
Note 2: These comparatives cannot be immediately followed by a noun.
Am!cKa 66Jihiiie, ~eM Texac.

Note 3: These comparatives can also be used to compare adverbs.

xopoiii6 well JIY~IIIe better
Mo:H: 6paT roBopiu rro-¢panu:y3cKH Jiy'lme, ~eM 51.

Ynpa.IKueuuH
6. Compare the following items according to the model.
Model: Mo}]: Mam{ma I TBo}]: Maiiiima I MoB: Mamuua Jiy'lme,
xop6IIIHH 'leM TBOH Mamuua.
1. MoSI co6aKa I er6 co6aKa I 6oJihiii6H:
2. Mo:H: r6poA I TBoli r6poA I HHTepecHhiH
3. :§To 63epo I TO 63epo I my66KHH
4. KoJiopaAO I AJISicKa I MliJieHhKHH
5. 3Ta peKa I Ta peKa I AJIIIHHhiH
6. 3TH r6phi I Te r6phi I BhiCOKHH
7. Poccim I CiliA I 6oJihiii6H:
8. 3ToT yHrrBepCHTeT 1 ToT yHrrBepcrrTeT 1 cTapbiH:
9. rro-M6eMy I J36cToH I ,IJ,liJIJiac I KpaciiBhiH
10. Mo}]: MaiiiHHa I TBo}]: MaiiiHHa I xop6IIIHH

7. Which one is more beautiful (better, etc.)? Write the questions.

Model: HbiO-H6pK I ,IJ,liJIJiac I KaKou ropo)J, 6oJILme:
6oJihiii6H: HLro-HopK liJiu )l,iriJiac?
1. Texac I KoJiopa,IJ;o I KpaciiBhiH
2. HbiO-H6pK I Jloc-AH)J,)KeJiec I 6oJihiii6H:
3. MrrccHcilrrrr I AMa36HKa I AJIHHHhiH
4. <l>op,IJ; I 13MB I xop6IIIHH
5. CTiiBeH KrrHr I ,IJ,)KoH CTeliH6eK I HHTepecHhiH:
6. ArrrraJia~H I YpliJihcKHe r6phi I BhiCOKHH:
7. 51Ma:H:Ka I Ky6a I 6oJihiii6H:
8. MocKBa I CaHKT-TieTep6ypr I cTaphiH:
9. CiliA I KaHa,IJ;a I MliJieHhKHli
10. XM:moH I X6JIH)J,e:H: HHH I xop6IIIHH

nJ,e Bbl B\.HBeTe? 147

5.3 Superlative of Adjectives
To compare more than two items, the superlative (the best, the longest,
the most beautiful, etc.) is used. The superlative is formed by adding
the adjective caMbiH (the most) before the adjective + noun phrase. The
adjective caMbiH agrees with the noun it modifies.
MoCKBa- 3TO taMbiH OOJibWOH rop0,!1, B Pocc:fnr.
Moscow is the biggest city in Russia.
06b - 3To caMaK )J,JIIIHHaJI peKa B PoccH:H.
The Ob is the longest river in Russia.
Ea:HKarr - 3TO caMoe myooKoe 03epo B MH:pe.
Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.
KaBK<lJCKHe r6pb1 - 3To caMbie BbiCOKHe ropbl B Poccim.
The Caucasus Mountains are the highest mountains in Russia.

YnpaxHeHue

8. Form questions in Russian to find out the following information.

Model: the biggest city in Russia KaK Ha3biBaeTCJI caMbiH
OOJibWOH rop0,!1, 8 Poccuu?
1. the highest mountain in the world
2. the biggest state in America
3. the biggest country in the world
4. the deepest lake in the world
5. the oldest city in Russia
6. the biggest island in the world
7. the longest river in Africa
8. the tallest building in Moscow
9. the most interesting city in America
10. the best country in the world
11. the most beautiful state in America
12. the biggest lake in America
13. the best university in Russia
14. the most famous church in Moscow
15. the biggest island in Russia

148 YpoKS
5.4 Prepositional Case of Adjectives: B KaKOM I B KaKo:H
Adjectives agree with the noun they modify not only in gender and number
but also in case. In this lesson you will need the prepositional case of the
adjective KaKou. The prepositional case of adjectives is discussed in detail
in Chapter 6. For the time being, memorize the following three questions.
B KaKOM r6po,JJ;e? In what city? (with the masculine noun ropo)J.)
B KaKOM um'iTe? In what state? (with the masculine noun mTaT)
B KaKou cTpaHe? In what country? (with the feminine noun cTpami)
Note: In Russian, the preposition always precedes the word(s) it modifies.
In colloquial English, the preposition can be at the end of the sentence.
Compare the following:
What city do you live in? In what city do you live?
B KaK6M r6po,JJ;e Thi )I(Imernh? B KaK6M r6po,JJ;e Thi )I(Imernh?

Ynpa)Kueuue

9. Write the corresponding questions.

Model: 03epo Eaii:Karr Hax6,JJ;HTCH B KaKOU CTpaHe HaXO)J,HTCH
B Pocc:im. o3epo EauKaJI?
1. 5I )KHBY s O,JJ;ecce.
2. Moll: 6paT )KHBeT s repMaHHH.
3. Onn )KHBYT so Bna,JJ;HBOCT6Ke.
4. CaH-J],Hero Hax6,JJ;HTC51 B KanH<lJ6pHHH.
5. Mon po.D:HTeJIH )KHBYT s HpKyTcKe.
6. Mbi )KHBeM s AMepHKe.
7. J],arrnac Hax6,JJ;HTC51 BTexace.
8. Tipe3H,JJ;eHT CiliA )KHBeT s BarnHHrT6He.
9. MHHCK Hax6,JJ;HTC51 B EenapycH.
10. KpeMnh Hax6,JJ;HTC51 s MocKse.

5.5 Nouns with Numerals

To express the amount of time in years, the nominative singular (ro)J.) i~
used after 1 and all compound numbers ending in 1. The genitive singular
(ro)J,a) is used after 2, 3, and 4 and all compound numbers ending in 2, 3,
or 4. The genitive plural (JieT) is used after numbers 5 and higher, as well
as with the question word CKOJibKO (how many).
1 ro)J.
2,3,4 ro)J.a
5, 6, ... JieT
r;~,e Bbl lKHBfTe? 149
Note: In compound numbers, the choice of ro)J, I ro)J,a I JieT depends on
the last word, not on the figure itself.
21 (,!J,B<i,ll,u;aTh O)J,nu) ro)J, but: 1l(O,!J,HHHa)J,I.J;aTb)JieT
32 (TpH,ll,I.J;aTb )J,Ba) rO)J,a 12 (,!J,BeHa)l,u;aTh) JieT
44 (c6poK qeTbipe) ro)J,a 14 (qeTbipHa,ll,u;aTh) JieT

Ynpa.>Kuemte

10. Fill in ro)J, I r6,!J,a I neT.

21 14 32 18
11 23 101 13
5 33 48 44

5.6 Time Expressions: )J,auuo, CKOJihKO JieT, BCIO .>KH3Hh

To express an action that started in the past and is still going on, the
present tense is used . .IJ:auuo (for a long time) is not a question word. You
can ask:
Tbi )J,auuo )Iomelllh s MocKse?
Have you been living in Moscow for a long time?
Or you can use a question word CKOJihKO (how many).
CKOJihKo JieT Thi )KJfBelllh s MocKse?
(For) how many years have you been living in Moscow?
The expression BCIO .>KH3Hh (all [one's] life) refers to the subject of the
sentence and does not require the possessives my, your, and so on.
5I BCIO )f(Jf3Hh )KHBY B )J,annace.
I have lived in Dallas all my life.
MoH: )l,e)l,ylllKa sc10 )KH3Hh )KHBeT s HpKyTcKe.
My grandfather has lived in Irkutsk all his life.

Ynpa.>Kueuue
11. How would you ask ...

1. Anton Pavlovich how long he has been living in Moscow?

2. your friend Sasha how long his parents have been living in Odessa?
3. your friend Natasha how long she has been living in Vladivostok?
4. Sergei if he has lived in Murmansk long?
5. Anna Pavlovna if she has lived in Irkutsk long?

150 YpoKS
5.7 Past Tense of Verbs: Introduction
The past tense of verbs is formed from the infinitive. Take off the infinitive
ending -Th, and add the past tense endings.
-JI (for masculines: 5I I Thi I OH)
-Jia (for feminines: 5I I Thi I omi)
-Jio (for neuters: oH6)
-JIH (for plurals and formal address: Mhi I Bhi I oaH:)
AyMa-Th 5I AYMaJI, qTo Thi paHhiiie .JKHJI B J16HAOHe. (a man
addressing another male)
rosopfr-Th Ba6yiiiKa He rosopfrJia rro-amnfrifcKH. (a feminine noun
as subject)
)l(H-Th Hroph CepreesHq, rAe Bhi )l(HJIH paHhiiie? (one person
addressed formally)
Jie)l(a-Th IlHChM6 Jie)l(:iJIO Ha rrony. (a neuter noun as subject)
See Chapter 9, grammar point 9.5 for more details.

Note: The core vocabulary is boldfaced.

Nouns
Geographical terminology CTpaua pl. CTpaHbl country
ropa pl. ropbl mountain IUT3T state
ropo)J, pl. ropo)J,a city
Points of the compass
3aJIHB gulf
KapTa map BOCTOK east
KOHTHHeHT continent 3ana)J, west
MHp world cesep north
MOpe pl. MOpH sea IOf south
63epo pl. o3epa lake
oKeau ocean Other nouns
ocTpos pl. ocTposa island Mper (Ha 6epery) coast
noJiyocTpos peninsula B03,JJ;YX air
pl. noJiyocTposa ro)J,,fO)J,a,JieT year, years
peKa pl. peKu river ,JJ;epesH51 countryside, village
pecrry6JIHKa republic .JKH3Hhj life
CTomlu,a capital KJIHMaT climate

n_J,e Bbl XUBCTe? 151

 KJiy6 club· DOTOMY qTo because
Jiec forest CKOJibKO how much, how
JIIO)J,H pl. people CIIOKOHHO (it is) peaceful
MHemre opinion Terreph now
THIIIHHa quiet, silence yJKe already
cPaKT fact
Prepositions
Adjectives o +prep. about
apKni.qecKHH arctic
6hiBIIIHH former Verbs
BOCToqHhiH east(ern) JKHTb (I) to live
BbiCOKHH tall JKHBy, JKHBemb, JKHBYT
rJiy60KHH deep past tense: xuJI, xumi, xnJio, JKHJIH
)J,JIHHHLIH long
3arra,IJ,Hhiif west(ern) Proper Names
KOpOTKHH short A3H5I Asia
HH3KHH low AMepuKa America
CSMbiH the most Eanni.ifcKoe Mope the Baltic Sea
cesepHhiH north(ern) KasKa3 Caucasus
cy6TporrfrqecKHH subtropical KasKa3CKHe rophi Caucasus Mountains
qircThiH clean Kacrr:H:HcKoe Mope Caspian Sea
IDJKHhiH south(ern) KpbiM Crimea
ne,IJ,OBHThiH OKeaH Arctic Ocean
Comparatives
MocKs a Moscow
6oJILme bigger, more PoccnH Russia
Bhiiiie higher, taller CanKT-IIeTep6ypr St. Petersburg
)J,JIHHHee longer Siberia
CH6Hpbf
my6JKe deeper
CillA U.S.A.
uuTepecuee more interesting
TirxHif oKeaH Pacific Ocean
Kpacusee more beautiful
Ypan Urals
Jiyqme better
YpanhcKHe rophi Ural Mountains
MenLme smaller, less
H:HJKe lower l..J.epHoe Mope Black Sea
cTapee, cTapiiie older
Other
Adverbs BCIO JKH3Hb all one's life
)1,3880 for a long time CBOH ones' own
noqeMy why qeM than

152 Yp6K5