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12

Class 10th
1. (d) Area of the figure 5. (b)
= Area of triangle + Area of semi-circle
1 1
= × b1 × h + πr 2
2 2
Here, b2 = 52 − 42 = 3
The length of the shadow increases as the angle of
Now, b1 = 2 b2 elevation decreases.
∴ b1 = 6 6. (b) Given, tanα = 1and sec β = 2
1 1 ⇒ α = 45° and β = 45°
∴ Area of the figure = × 6 × 4 + × π × 32
2 2
Here, we know that α + β = 45° + 45° = 90 °.
= 12 + 4.5π = 2614
. Here, α and β are the complementary angles.
= 26 units (approx)
7. (b) In ∆OAB,
2. (a) Each student to have same number of pens and B
40°
pencils = HCF (1001, 910 )

105°
O
= HCF (11 × 91, 10 × 91) = 91 P
3. (d) Given, 4x − 5 y = 20 …(i) A
3x + 5 y = 15 …(ii) Q

and x=0 …(iii) ∠OAB + ∠ABO + ∠AOB = 180 °


Y [angle sum property of a triangle]
x=0
(0, 3) ⇒ ∠OAB + 40 ° + 105° = 180 °
B
3x + 5y = 15
(5, 0) ⇒ ∠OAB = 180 ° − 145° = 35°
X' X
A Now, ∠OAP = 90 °
4x – 5y = 20
C (0, –4) [since, radius ⊥ tangent at point of contact]
Y' ∴ ∠BAP = ∠OAP − ∠OAB
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), x = 0, y = − 4 = 90 ° − 35° = 55°
n
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), x = 0, y = 3
8. (a) ∑ (xi − x ) = (x1 − x ) + (x2 − x ) + … + (xn − x )
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), x = 5, y = 0 i =1

∴ Coordinates of the triangle formed are A(5, 0 ), B(0, 3) = (x1 + x 2 + … x n ) − (x + x + … n -times )


and C(0, − 4). = nx − nx = 0
1 1 35
∴ Area of triangle = × b × h = × 7 × 5 = sq units 9. (a) Given, pair of linear equations is
2 2 2
x + 2y = 5 …(i)
4. (a) Number of possible outcomes = 52 and 7 x + 3 y = 13 …(ii)
Number of favourable outcomes i.e. card bears an Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 2 and c1 = − 5
even number in black =10
and a2 = 7, b2 = 3 and c 2 = − 13
10 5
∴ Required probability = = a1 1 b1 2
52 26 Now, = , =
a2 7 b2 3
a1 b1 The condition for no solution is
∴ ≠
a2 b2 a1 b1 c1
= ≠
Thus, it is a unique solution a2 b2 c 2
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get x = 1and y = 2. 1 1 −4 1 1 1 −4
∴ = ≠ ⇒ = and ≠
10. (b) Let radius of cylinder and sphere be r. 2 k −3 2 k k −3
3
Then, volume of cylinder = π r 2 h ⇒ k = 2 and k ≠
4 4
and volume of sphere = πr 3 ∴ k =2
3
According to the given condition, Or
Volume of cylinder = Volume of sphere Let the two numbers be x and y, such that x > y.
4 4 ∴ x + y = 33 …(i)
∴ πr 2 h = πr 3 ⇒ h = r
3 3 and x − y = 17 …(ii)
11. (3) We have, kx(3x − 4) + 4 = 0 ⇒ 3kx 2 − 4kx + 4 = 0 On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2 x = 50 ⇒ x = 25
Since, roots are equal
On putting x = 25 in Eq. (i), we get
b − 4ac = 0
2

25 + y = 33 ⇒ y = 33 − 25 ⇒ y = 8
∴ (−4k ) − 4 (3k )(4) = 0 ⇒ 16k 2 − 48k = 0
2

Hence, the two numbers are 25 and 8.


⇒ 16k(k − 3) = 0 ⇒ k = 0 or k = 3
k ≠ 0, since coefficient of x 2 will be zero 17. Let three numbers in AP be a − d , a, a + d .
According to the question,
∴ k=3
a − d + a + a + d = 27
Or
⇒ 3 a = 27 ⇒ a = 9
(16) Since, given equations have real roots
Also, (a − d )a(a + d ) = 405
∴ (k 2 − 4 × 64) ≥ 0
⇒ a(a2 − d 2 ) = 405
and (−8)2 − 4 × 1 × k ≥ 0
⇒ 9(92 − d 2 ) = 405
⇒ k − 256 ≥ 0 and 64 − 4k ≥ 0
2
405
⇒ 81 − d 2 =
⇒ k 2 ≥ 256 and 4k ≤ 64 ⇒ k ≥ 16 and k ≤ 16 9
⇒ d 2 = 81 − 45
∴ k = 16
⇒ d 2 = 36
12. ( AC) Given, AP = AQ and BP = QC ∴ d = ±6
∴ AB = AP + BP = AQ + QC = AC
18. Since, length of tangents drawn from an external point
 ar (∆ ABC ) are equal therefore,
13.   In a similar ∆ABC and ∆PQR,
 ar (∆ PQR )
C A
( AB)2 Area of ∆ABC
=
(PQ )2 Area of ∆ PQR P Q
[by area of similar triangle]
D
14. (20°) Given, cos(40 ° + x ) = sin 30 ° B
⇒ cos(40 ° + x ) = sin(90 ° − 60 ° )
PA = PB = 15 cm
⇒ cos(40 ° + x ) = cos 60 ° ⇒ 40 ° + x = 60 °
CQ = CA = 5 cm
∴ x = 20 °
∴ PC = PA − CA = 15 − 5 = 10 cm
15.   Total number of outcomes in tossing two dice is
1
 
36 19. Here, joining three cubes, we get cuboid whose
length, l = 5 + 5 + 5 = 15 cm
36 and out of them only one possibility in which both
dice have number 2. breadth, b = 5 cm
1 and height, h = 5 cm
∴ Required probability = .
36 ∴ Required surface area of the resulting solid
16. Given, system of equations is = Surface area of new cuboid
x + y − 4 = 0 and 2 x + ky − 3 = 0 = 2(lb + bh + hl ) = 2 (15 × 5 + 5 × 5 + 5 × 15)
Here, a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c1 = − 4 = 2 (75 + 25 + 75) = 2 (175)
= 350 cm 2
and a2 = 2, b2 = k and c 2 = − 3
20. We know that, Mode = 3 × Median − 2 × Mean In a parallelogram, the mid-point of both diagonals are
⇒ 51 = 3 × Median − 2 × 36 coincident
⇒ 3 Median = 51 + 72 = 123  a b + 6
∴  ,  = (1, 6)
∴ Median = 41 2 2 
21. (i) 4 : 25 On comparing both coordinates, we get
a b+ 6
(ii) Given statement is not true. We know that, two ∴ = 1 and = 6 ⇒ a = 2 and b = 6.
triangles are congruent, if the sides and angles of one 2 2
triangle are equal to the corresponding sides and Hence, the fourth vertex is D(2, 6). (1)
angles of the other triangle. Here, shape of triangles is AX 1
same but size is different. 24. XY should be drawn in such a way that = .
AB 2 (2)
22. Let the zeroes of the polynomial 2 x 2 − 5x − 3 be α 25. Given, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle and AD ⊥ BC.
and β.
 Coefficient of x   −5 5 Now, in right ∆ ADC, use Pythagoras theorem (1)
Then, α + β = − = =
Coefficient of x 2   2  2
(1)
( AD ) = ( AB) − (BD )
2 2 2 A

 Constant term  −3  BC 
2
and αβ = − = …(i) = ( AB)2 −  
Coefficient of x 2  2  2 
Now, zeroes of polynomial x 2 + kx + l are 2α and 2β (BC )2 3(BC )2
∴Sum of zeroes = 2α + 2β = 2(α + β ) = − k = (BC )2 − =
4 4
 5 3
⇒ −k = 2   = 5 = ⋅ (2 DC )2 = 3(DC )2
 2 4 B C
D
∴ k = −5 [using Eq. (i)] [BC = 2 DC ]
and product of zeroes = 2α ⋅ 2β = 4αβ = l [using Eq. (i)] So, k = 3 (1)
 −3
∴ l = 4  = − 6 Or
2
Given, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
Hence, value of k and l are −5 and −6, respectively. (1)
And E is a point on AC such that BE ⊥ AC.
23. 2 3 Let each side be a. A

A (2, 6) C (k, 4) B (5, 1) As BE ⊥ AC.


Using internal section formula, a
So, AE = EC = E
 2 × 5 + 3 × 2 2 × 1 + 3 × 6 2
(k, 4) =  , 
 2+ 3 2+ 3  Now, in ∆ ABE,
 6 + 10 18 + 2   16 20  ( AB)2 = (BE )2 + ( AE )2
= ,  = ,  B C
 5 5   5 5 2
 a
 16  ⇒ a2 = (BE )2 +  
⇒ (k, 4) =  , 4 (1)  2
 5  (1)
On comparing x-coordinate from both sides, we get ⇒ 4a = 4(BE ) + a ⇒ 3a = 4(BE )
2 2 2 2 2
…(i)
16
∴ k= (1) ⇒ ( AB) + (BC ) + (CA) = 3a
2 2 2 2
…(ii)
5
[Q AB = BC = CA = a]
Or
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Let A(0, 3) B(0, 6) and C(2, 9) be given vertices of the
( AB)2 + (BC )2 + (CA)2 = 4(BE )2
parallelogram ABCD and let D(a, b) be its fourth vertex.
Let AC and BD intersect at O. Now, diagonals of a Hence, k = 4 (1)
parallelogram bisect each other.
26. In quadrilateral PAOB, ∠P = 75° [given]
So, O is mid-point of AC as well of BD. Mid-point of
 0 + 2 3 + 9 and ∠PAO = ∠PBO = 90 °
AC =  ,  = (1, 6)
 2 2  [Q radius is perpendicular to the tangent
 a + 0 b + 6  a b + 6 at the point of contact]
also mid-point of BD =  ,  = , 
 2 2  2 2  (1) ⇒ ∠AOB = 105°
D(a, b) C(2, 9) [by angle sum property of quadrilateral] (1)
105 º
∴ ∠AQB == 52.5°
O
2
[Q angle subtended by the arc at centre = 2 the angle
A(0, 3) B(0, 6) subtended by same arc at remaining part of circle]
Also, ∠AMB = 180 ° − 52.5° = 127.5° AB = (1 + 1)2 + (0 + 2 )2 = 4 + 4 = 2 2
[Q the sum of any pair of opposite angles
[Q distance = (x 2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 ]
of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°] (1)
BC = (−1 − 1)2 + (2 − 0 )2 = 4 + 4 = 2 2
27. Let g(a) = a4 − 7 a2 b2 + kb4 …(i)
Since, (a − 3b) is a factor of g (a). CD = (−3 + 1)2 + (0 − 2 )2 = 4 + 4 = 2 2 (1)
∴ g( 3 b) = 0 (1/2) AD = (−3 + 1) + (0 + 2 ) = 4 + 4 = 2 2
2 2

⇒ (3b)4 − 7 (3b)2 b2 + kb4 = 0 Here, we see that AB = BC = CD = AD (1)


⇒ 81b4 − 63 b4 + kb4 = 0 ⇒ ABCD is either a square or a rhombus.
⇒ 18 b4 + kb4 = 0 Now, diagonal AC = (−1 + 1)2 + (2 + 2 )2 = 0 + 16 = 4
⇒ (18 + k ) b4 = 0
Diagonal BD = (−3 − 1)2 + (0 − 0 )2 = 16 + 0 = 4
⇒ 18 + k = 0 [Q b ≠ 0 ] (1)
∴ k = − 18 Q Diagonal AC = Diagonal BD
Hence, ABCD is a square (1)
On putting k = − 18 in Eq. (i), we get
Or
g(a) = a4 − 7 a2 b2 − 18b4
Given, A(2, − 1), B(3, 4), C(−2, 3) and D(−3, − 2 ) are the
= a4 − 9 a2 b2 + 2 a2 b2 − 18b4
vertices of the rhombus ABCD.
[by splitting the middle term]
Length of diagonals,
= a2 (a2 − 9b2 ) + 2 b2 (a2 − 9b2 )
DB = (x 2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 [by distance formula]
= (a2 − 9 b2 ) (a2 + 2 b2 )
= (a + 3 b) (a − 3 b) (a2 + 2 b2 ) = (3 + 3)2 + (4 + 2 )2
[Q a2 − b2 = (a − b)(a + b)] (1½) = 62 + 62 = 6 2 units
28. We have, 2 x + 3 y − 7 = 0 and CA = (2 + 2 )2 + (− 1 − 3)2 = 42 + 42 = 4 2 units
and (a − b) x + (a + b) y − (3a + b − 2 ) = 0 (–3, –2)
D
(1)
On comparing it with a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and
a2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0 respectively, we get
a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = − 7
(2, –1) A C (–2, 3)
and a2 = a − b, b2 = a + b, c 2 = − (3 a + b − 2 ) (1)
For infinite number of solutions,
2 3 −7  a1 b1 c1 
= = Q a = b = c 
a − b a + b − (3 a + b − 2 )  2 2 2
B (3, 4)

a − b a + b 3a + b − 2 Now, area of rhombus


⇒ = = 1
2 3 7 = × product of lengths of diagonals (1)
[reciprocal of the above equation] 2
From first and second terms, 1
∴ Area of rhombus ABCD = × AC × BD
a−b a+ b 2
= 1
2 3 = × 4 2 × 6 2 = 24 sq units (1)
⇒ 3a − 3b = 2a + 2b ⇒ a = 5b …(i) (1) 2
1
From second and third terms, 30. Given, secθ = x +
4x
a + b 3a + b − 2
=  1
2
3 7 Now, tan 2 θ = sec 2 θ − 1 =  x +  − 1
⇒ 7 a + 7 b = 9 a + 3b − 6  4x 
⇒ 4b = 2 a − 6 ⇒ 2 b = a − 3 …(ii) [Q sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ = 1]
2
[dividing both sides by 2]  1 1 1
= x 2 +   + 2x × − 4× x ×
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get  4x  4x 4x
2 b = 5b − 3 ⇒ b = 1 2 2
 1 1  1
On substituting b = 1in Eq. (i), we get = x 2 +   − 2x × = x − 
 4x  4x  4x  (1)
∴ a= 5×1 ⇒ a= 5 (1)  1
tanθ = ±  x −  [taking square root]
 4x 
29. Let the points (−1, − 2 ), (1, 0 ), (−1, 2 ), (−3, 0 ) be denoted by
1
A, B, C and D, respectively. When tan θ = x − , then
4x
 1  1 32. Clearly, we have to find the mode of data. The given
sec θ + tan θ =  x +  +  x −  = 2 x
 4x   4x  data is an inclusive series. So, we convert it into an
exclusive form, as given below
 1
When tanθ = −  x −  , then
 4x  (1)
Class interval Frequency
159.5-162.5 15
 1  1  1 1 1
sec θ + tan θ =  x +  +  − x = + = 162.5-165.5 118
 4x   4x  4x 4x 2 x
1 165.5-168.5 142
Hence, sec θ + tan θ is either 2x or .
2x 168.5-171.5 127
Hence proved. (1) 171.5-174.5 18
(1/2)
Or
Given, 7 sin θ + 3 cos 2 θ = 4
2 Clearly, the class interval (165.5-168.5) has maximum
frequency, so it is the modal class.
⇒ 4sin 2 θ + 3sin 2 θ + 3cos 2 θ = 4 (1/2)
⇒ 4sin 2 θ + 3 (sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ ) = 4 Hence, l = 165.5, f1 = 142, f0 = 118, f2 = 127 (1/2)
⇒ 4sin θ + 3 = 4 [Q sin θ + cos θ = 1]
2 2 2 and h=3
 (f1 − f0 ) 
⇒ 4sin θ = 4 − 3 ⇒ 4sin 2 θ = 1
2
(1/2) ∴ Mode, Mo = l + h × 
 (2 f1 − f0 − f2 )
1
⇒ sin 2 θ =  (142 − 118) 
4 = 165.5 + 3 × 
1  (2 × 142 − 118 − 127 )  (1)
⇒ sinθ =
2  3 × 24   3 × 24
= 165.5 +   = 165.5 +  
[taking positive square root as θ is acute angle]  284 − 245  39 
 24
1  = 165.5 + = 165.5 + 1.85 = 167.35
⇒ cosecθ = 2 Q sinθ = cosec θ  (1/2) 13
 
Hence, the average height of maximum number of
2
 1 1 students is 167.35 cm. (1)
and cos θ = 1 − sin θ = 1 −   = 1 −
2
 2 4 (1/2) Or
4−1 3 3 Table for less than type frequency distribution
= = = (1/2)
4 4 2 Daily income (in `) Cumulative frequency
2  1  Less than 120 12
⇒ sec θ = Q sec θ = cos θ 
3   Less than 140 12 + 14 = 26

∴ sec θ + cosec θ =
2
+2 Hence proved. (1/2) Less than 160 8 + 26 = 34
3 Less than 180 6 + 34 = 40
31. Given, radius of the conical vessel = 5 cm Less than 200 10 + 40 = 50
height of the conical vessel = 24 cm
(1)
1
∴ Volume of the conical vessel = πr 2 h Firstly, we draw the coordinate axes with lower limits of
3 the daily income (in `) along the horizontal axis and the
1
= π × 5 × 5 × 24 cumulative frequency along the vertical axis. Then, we
3 plot the points (120, 12 ), (140, 26), (160, 34), (180, 40 ),
= 200 π cm 3 (1) (200, 50 ) and join these points by a free hand smooth
curve.
Now, given radius of the cylindrical vessel = 10 cm
Y
Let the height to which water rises in the vessel = h cm
50 (200, 50)
Volume of water in cylindrical vessel = πR 2 h
Cumulative frequency
(Number of workers)

= π × 10 × 10 × h = 100πh cm 3 (1) 40 (180, 40)

Since, volume of water in cylindrical vessel = volume of 30


(160, 34)

water in conical vessel (140, 26)


20
⇒ 100 πh = 200 π
(120, 12)
200 π 10
∴ h= =2 X′ X
100 π 0 100 200

Hence, the required height = 2 cm (1) Lower limits of class intervals


(Daily income in `) (2)
Y′
33. Let us consider an arbitrary positive integer x such that 35. The given sequence 1, 6, 11, 16, … x, is in AP with
it is in the form of 3q, (3q + 1) or (3q + 2 ). first term, a = 1and common difference,
For x = 3q d = 6 − 1 = 11 − 6 = 16 − 11 = 5.
x 3 = (3q )3 = 27 q 3 = 9(3q 3 ) = 9 m …(i) (1/2) Let n be the number of terms in the given sequence.
Then, sum of n terms, S n = 148 [given]
On putting 3q 3 = m, where m is an integer.
n
For x = 3q + 1 ⇒ [2 × 1 + (n − 1) × 5] = 148
2  n 
x 3 = (3q + 1)3 = 27 q 3 + 27 q 2 + 9q + 1 Q S n = [2 a + (n − 1) d ] (1/2)
 2 
= 9(3q 3 + 3q 2 + q ) + 1 = 9 m + 1 …(ii) (1/2)
⇒ n [2 + 5n − 5] = 148 × 2 ⇒ n [5n − 3] = 296
On putting (3q 3 + 3q 2 + q ) = m, where m is an integer. ⇒ 5n 2 − 3n − 296 = 0 (1)
For x = 3q + 2, x 3 = (3q + 2 )3
Using quadratic formula, we have
= 27 q 3 + 54q 2 + 36q + 8
−(−3) ± (−3)2 − 4 × 5 × −296
= 9(3q 3 + 6q 2 + 4q ) + 8 = 9 m + 8 …(iii) (1) n=
2×5
On putting (3q 3 + 6q 2 + 4q ) = m, where m is an  − b ± b2 − 4ac 
integer. Q x =  (1/2)
 2a 
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
x 3 = 9 m, (9 m + 1) or (9 m + 8) 3 ± 9 + 5920 3 ± 5929 3 ± 77
= = =
3
Thus, x of any positive integer can be in the form 10 10 10
9 m, (9 m + 1) or (9 m + 8). (1) 3 + 77 80
⇒ n= = =8
10 10
34. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle 3 − 77 74
with centre O. Let circle touches the sides of a or n= = − [which is not possible]
quadrilateral at points E, F, G and H. 10 10
D ∴ n=8 (1)
G
C Now, an = x [given]
7 6 ⇒ a + (n − 1) d = x [Q an = a + (n − 1) d ]
8 O 5 ⇒ 1 + (8 − 1) × 5 = x ⇒ x = 1 + 7 × 5
F
H 1 4
2 3 ∴ x = 1 + 35 ⇒ x = 36 (1)
B 36. Let the line BD intersects the bigger circle at E.
A E
Now, Join AE.
To prove ∠AOB + ∠COD = 180 ° Let O be the centre of the bigger circle, then O is
and ∠AOD + ∠BOC = 180 ° the mid-point of AB.
Construction Join OE, OF, OG and OH. [Q AB is a diameter of the bigger circle]
Proof We know that, two tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle subtend equal angles at the
A
centre. O
∠1 = ∠2 
∠ 3 = ∠ 4 B D
E
and  …(i)
∠ 5 = ∠ 6 (1)
∠7 = ∠ 8 (1) BD is a tangent to the smaller circle and OD is a radius
through the point of contact D. Then,
Also, we know that the sum of all angles subtended at OD ⊥ BD ⇒ OD ⊥ BE
a point is 360°.
Since, OD is ⊥ to a chord BE of a bigger circle.
∴ ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠ 3 + ∠ 4 + ∠ 5 + ∠ 6 + ∠7 + ∠ 8 = 360 °…(ii) ∴ BD = DE
⇒ 2 (∠2 + ∠ 3 + ∠ 6 + ∠7 ) = 360 ° [Q perpendicular draw from the centre to a chord
⇒ (∠2 + ∠ 3) + (∠ 6 + ∠7 ) = 180 ° (1) bisects the chord]
⇒ ∠AOB + ∠COD = 180 ° ⇒ D is the mid-point of BE
Similarly, we have 2 (∠1 + ∠ 8 + ∠ 4 + ∠ 5) = 360 ° ∴ In ∆BAE, O is the mid-point of AB and D is the
[from Eqs. (i) and (ii)] mid-point of BE. (1)
⇒ (∠1 + ∠ 8) + (∠ 4 + ∠ 5) = 180 ° 1
∴ ∠AOD + ∠BOC = 180 ° Hence proved. (1) ∴ OD = AE
2
[Q segment joining the mid-points of any two sides of a ∠OFP = 30 °.
triangle is half of the third side] Draw PM ⊥ OS and PL ⊥ OF.
⇒ AE = 2(OD ) = 2 × 8 cm = 16 cm Join PS.
In right angled ∆OBD, use Pythagoras theorem,
Then, ∠MPS = 60 °. (1)
(OD )2 + (BD )2 = (OB)2 S
⇒ BD = (OB)2 − (OD )2 = (13)2 − 82
= 169 − 64 = 105
∴ DE = BD = 105
In right angled ∆AED, use Pythagoras theorem, we have h km
60°
AD = ( AE ) + (DE ) = (16) + ( 105 )
2 2 2 2
m
P M
00
= 256 + 105 = 361 = 19cm (2) 10
30°
45°
Or F O
L
Let r be the radius of the circle.
PL
Then, OA = OB = r and OP = Diameter = 2 r Now, in ∆FLP, we have sin 30° =
PF
A 1 1  1
⇒ PL = PF sin 30 ° = 1 × = km Q sin 30 ° =
r 2 2  2 
O P 1
OM = PL = km
r 2
B  1
⇒ MS = OS − OM =  h −  km …(i) (1)
 2
To prove ABP is an equilateral triangle, i.e. to prove
Again, in ∆FLP,
∠PAB = ∠PBA = ∠APB = 60 ° (1)
FL
cos 30° = ⇒ FL = PF cos 30 °
Proof Clearly, ∠OAP = 90 ° PF
[Q radius is perpendicular to the tangent 3 3  3
at the point of contact] = 1× = km Q cos 30 ° = 2 
2 2  
In right angled ∆OAP, we have
Now, as h = OS = OF = OL + LF
OA r 1  1
sin (∠OPA) = = = = sin 30 ° Q sin 30 ° = 3  3
OP 2 r 2  2  ∴ h = OL + ⇒ OL =  h −  km
2  2 
⇒ ∠OPA = 30 °
 3
Similarly, ∠OPB = 30 ° or PM =  h −  km [Q OL = PM] …(ii) (1)
 2 
∴ ∠APB = 30 ° + 30 ° = 60 ° …(i) (1)
SM
Since, PB = PA [Q tangents drawn from an Now, in ∆SMP, tan 60° =
PM
external point are equal in length]
⇒ SM = PM ⋅ 3 [Q tan 60 ° = 3 ]
∴ ∠PAB = ∠PBA …(ii) (1)
1  3
Now, in ∆APB, we have ⇒ h − = h −  3 [using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
2  2 
∠APB + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180 ° 1 3 3 1
⇒ h− =h 3− ⇒ 3h − h = −
[by angle sum property of a triangle] 2 2 2 2
⇒ 60 ° + 2 ∠PAB = 180 ° 1
[using Eqs. (i) and (ii)] ⇒ h ( 3 − 1) = 1 ⇒ h =
3 −1
∴ ∠PAB = 60 ° ⇒ ∠PBA = ∠PAB = 60 °
( 3 + 1) 3 + 1 2.732
Thus, all angles are 60°. ∴ h= = = = 1.366 km
( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1) 2 2
Hence, ∆ABP is an equilateral triangle.
Hence, the height of the mountain is 1.366 km. (1)
Hence proved. (1)
37. Let F be the foot and S be the summit of the mountain 38. Clearly, required area = Area of ∆ABC – sum of the
areas of the three sectors.
FOS. Then, ∠OFS = 45°, which implies
Now, area of the sector with angle A
∠OSF = 45° [Q∠OFS + ∠OSF = 90 °]
∠A ∠A ∠A
Consequently, OF = OS = h km [say] = × πr 2 = × π × (5)2 = 25 π × cm 2
360 º 360 º 360 º (1)
Let FP = 1000 m = 1 km
Similarly, area of the sector with angle B
∠B Let E3 be an event ‘‘Getting a card which has a prime
= 25 π × cm 2
360 number less than 20.’’
∠C i.e. n(E3 ) = 4
and area of the sector with angle C = 25π × cm 2
360º (1) P (getting a prime number greater than and less than
∴ Sum of the areas of three sectors 20)
 ∠A ∠B ∠C  n(E3 ) 4 2
= 25 π × + 25π × + 25 π ×  cm
2 = = =
 360 º 360 º 360 º n(S ) 50 25 (1)
25 π Or
= (∠A + ∠B + ∠C ) cm 2
360 º Total members in committee = 35
25 π π ∴Total number of possible outcomes = 35 (1)
= × 180 º cm 2 =25 × cm 2
360 º 2 (i) Let E1 be the event of drawing card with a man’s name
[by angle sum property of a triangle]
written on it.
= 25 × 1.57 cm 2 = 39.25 cm 2 [Q π = 3.14] …(i) (1)
∴Number of favourable outcomes for event E1 = 25
In ∆ABC ( AB) + (BC ) = (14) + (48)2 = 2500 = ( AC )2
2 2 2
25 5
∴Required probability, P(E1 ) = =
Q AC = 50  35 7 (1)
 
Q ( AC ) = 2500 
2
(ii) Let E2 be the event of drawing a card with a woman’s
∴ ∠B = 90º [by converse of Pythagoras theorem] name on it.
1 1 ∴Number of favourable outcomes for event E2 = 10
∴ ar (∆ABC ) = × BC × AB = × 48 × 14 = 336 cm 2
2 2 10 2
∴Required probability P(E2 ) = =
Hence, required area = (336 − 39.25) cm 2 35 7 (1)
= 296.75 cm 2 (1) 5 2 7
(iii) Yes, P(E1 ) + P(E2 ) = + = =1
7 7 7 (1)
39. Total number of cards which are kept in a box
= 60 − 11 + 1 = 50 40. Let the smaller tap fills the tank in x h.
(i) A card is drawn at random. Odd numbers from 11 to ∴ The larger tap fills the tank in (x − 10 ) h.
 1
60 are In 1 h, smaller tap fill the portion of the tank   and
 x
11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 1
41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, and 59. larger tap fill the portion of the tank .
x − 10
Let E be an event ‘‘Getting a card of odd number’’
Portion of the tank filled by both taps in one hour
∴ n(E ) = 25 and n(S ) = 50 1 1
n(E ) 25 1 = +
P getting odd number = = = (1) x x − 10
n(S ) 50 2 x − 10 + x
=
(ii) Let E be an event ‘‘Getting a perfect square number x(x − 10 )
card’’. 2 x − 10
= 2 …(i)
Perfect square number are 16, 25, 36, 49, x − 10 x (1)
i.e. n(E1 ) = 4 and n(S ) = 50
Now, according to the given problem,
∴ P (getting a perfect square number)
portion of the tank filled by both taps in 1h
n(E1 ) 4 2
= = = 1 8
n(S ) 50 25 (1) = = …(ii)
75 75
(iii) Numbers which are divisible by 5 are 8
15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Let E2 be an event ‘‘Getting a card which has a 8  2 x − 10 
= 
number divisible by 5’’. 75  x 2 − 10 x 
i.e. n(E2 ) = 10
⇒ 8(x 2 − 10 x ) = 75(2 x − 10 )
P (getting a card divisible by 5)
⇒ 8x 2 − 80 x = 150 x − 750
n(E2 ) 10 1
= = = (1)
n(S ) 50 5 ⇒ 8x 2 − 230 x + 750 = 0 …(i)
(iv) Prime numbers from 11 to less than 20 are 11, 13, 17, Here, a = 8, b = − 230, c = 750
19 Now, b2 − 4ac = (−230 )2 − 4(8)750
= 52900 − 24000 = 28900 > 0 (1)
By using quadratic formula, ∴Diagonal of the rectangle, PR = 60 m more than the
shorter side = (x + 60 ) m
−b ± b − 4ac
2
x= and longer side of the rectangle PQ
2a
− (−230 ) ± 28900 = 30 m more than the shorter side = (x + 30 ) m
⇒ x= In right angled ∆PQR, by Pythagoras theorem,
2(8)
230 ± 170 PR 2 = PQ 2 + QR 2 (1)
⇒ x= [Q 28900 = 170]
16 [Q in rectangle, every adjacent sides makes an
Taking positive sign, angle 90° to each other]
230 + 170 400 ⇒ (x + 60 )2 = (x + 30 )2 + x 2
x= = = 25
16 16 (1) ⇒ x 2 + 120 x + 3600 = x 2 + 60 x + 900 + x 2
Taking negative sign, [Q (a + b)2 = a2 + 2 ab + b2 ]
230 − 170 60 15 ⇒ (2 x − x ) + (60 x − 120 x ) + (900 − 3600 ) = 0
2 2
(1)
x= = =
16 16 4 ⇒ x 2 − 60 x − 2700 = 0
15 ⇒ x − 90 x + 30 x − 2700 = 0 [by factorisation]
2
When, x= ,
4 ⇒ x (x − 90 ) + 30 (x − 90 ) = 0
15 −25
then, (x − 10 ) = − 10 = ⇒ (x − 90 ) (x + 30 ) = 0
4 4
⇒ x − 90 = 0 or x + 30 = 0
which is not possible. [Q time cannot be negative]
⇒ x = 90 or x = − 30 (1)
When, x = 25, x − 10 = 25 − 10 = 15
Hence, time to fill the tank by the smaller tap alone is Negative value of x is not possible, because side
25 h and larger tap alone is 15 h. (1) cannot be negative.
∴ x = 90
Or
Hence, breadth of the rectangle = 90 m and length of
Let PQRS be the rectangular field, which has shorter the rectangle = 90 + 30 = 120 m. (1)
side QR = x m.

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