Development and

Its Impact

Habib A Nurusman
Development Impact

 The growth of humans population

 The use of natural resources, energy and materials are increasing
 Increased of space requirements,
 The growth of vehicle number
 Decreasing the carrying capacity of nature
 The emergence of new impacts to the environments
 The Climate Changes
 Etc
World Population Growth
More people in the world
live in cities today then
in rural areas

City with population more than 1 million :

1900 : only 1 (one) : London
1960 : 100 city
2005 : 300 city
Since 2005 : More people approx 50% live in city than
in country area. Become 70% on 2050
3
 World Urban Population

66
+2.5bn
54% %
(3.9bn) ( )
6.3bn
2014 2050

Our cities will get bigger and there will be more of them. They will have
to be smarter and more efficient
Konsentrasi CO2 berada pada level tertinggi sejak
800.000 tahun terakhir
Increasing of CO2 Concentration

20% of what we put into the

atmosphere this year, will
remain there for 1000 years
from now
 Kenaikan muka air laut
berada pada tingkat
kecepatan yang lebih cepat
dari 40 tahun terakhir
9 McCarty Glacier, Alaska
10 Muir and Riggs Glaciers
 Global Instrumental Temperature Record

20 yr
Departures in temperature (°C)
from the 1961-1990 average

0.4C

0.4C

120 yr

11
12
 JAKARTA (OBSERVATION)
BMG
280

275
July: 1,4oC / 100 yr
y = 0.1424x - 9.9843

270

265 Januari
Juli
Linear (Januari)
260 Linear (Juli)

255

y = 0.1039x + 58.901
250

245 January: 1,04oC / 100 yr

1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Ref : from slide Dr. Edvin Aldrian - BPPT

 Monas
Sunter
Kemayoran
Tj Priok
Kota
Ancol

Penjaringan

Pluit Kapuk
Tol Bandara
 Monas
Sunter
Kemayoran
Tj Priok
Kota
Ancol

Penjaringan

Pluit Kapuk
Tol Bandara
 Monas
Sunter
Kemayoran
Tj Priok
Kota
Ancol

Penjaringan

Pluit Kapuk
Tol Bandara
 Iklim dunia telah berubah
secara drastis seiring waktu
Storm in 2005

Katrina Rita Wilma

(Aug 28 ’05) (Sep 21 ’05) (Oct 19 ’05)
 Storm in 2017
21
Number of category 4 and 5 storms by
basin
85
West Pacific
116

24
Indian
57

36
East Pacific
49

Southwestern 10

Pacific 22

16
North Atlantic 1975-1989
25
1990-2004

0 30 60 90 120
 LIKELY CHANGE OF RAINFALL
23
PATTERN IN JAWA AND BALI
Future climate

Past climate

Aug Dec May

Source: Based on work of Naylor et al (2007)

Ref : from slide Dr. Edvin Aldrian - BPPT

Tendensi Ekstensifikasi

Witnessing Jakarta Uncontrolled Urban Sprawl

1976 1989 2004

Modified by VALUEWORKS from NASA sources
 Land Use

Jakarta

Singapore
Peningkatan jumlah sampah
27
28
 Transportation Problem
29 THE GROWTH OF VEHICLE NUMBER

Growth (Jakarta) :
- Vehicles : 12%
- Road : 2%
 Domination of Privat Transportation
30
 That actually only small amount of user
31
 Public Transportation - For 400
people
200 cars

 4 buses

 1 (one) train
Storm Water
DEFORESTRATION
Up to 1980s the booming of
forests concession &
allowance log export

1980s to 1998 banned log

export, developed wood
based industries, forest
plantation development, built
industries

1998 up to now, many

wood industries collapse
due to lack of raw material
35

Condition of our forest in Kalimantan

Increasing the use of energy
 Energy in Indonesia
Energy Efficiency Index
(KWH/m2.year)
RE; 4,4%
300
250 Coal; Oil;
250 30,7%
200 43,90%
200 178
150
97
100
50
0
Average Region UK-Typical UK-Good Natural
AMPRI Practice Gas;
21,00%
 Conclusion : Most of our building
is not efficient !!!
RATIO
TOTAL PROVEN
ENERGY TYPE PRODUCTION (Reserve/
RESERVE RESERVE Production)
Oil 56.6 billion barrel 8.4 billion barrel *) 348 million barrel 24
Natural Gas 334.5 TSCF 165 TSCF 2.79 TSCF 59
Coal 90.5 billion ton 18.7 billion ton 201 million ton 93
Coal Bed Methane 453 TSCF - - -
(CBM)
37
How many planets we’d need if everyone
lived like the residents right now ?

Source: Global Footprint Network

Source: Global Footprint Network

95 persen aktivitas
manusia bertanggung
jawab pada pemanasan
global
This planet will
be destroy ….