Paper 3

1. After a website has been created it will be tested. Identify two factors that must be
considered when designing an effective test plan.

The purpose of the website

The target audience
Corporate house styles
Describe each item that needs to be tested
Identify inputs (data to be entered)
Identify expected outcomes

2. Identify two methods of testing a web page:

Functional testing / alpha testing / in-house

3. Evaluate in your own words your choice of image in step 23.

Placeholder dimensions are 250 pixels wide.

Placeholder is in portrait orientation.
Images A and E rejected as they have a landscape orientation
Image A is saved at maximum resolution which is not needed for a web page
Images B and F are too large for the placeholder
Images D and H are too small for the placeholder

4. Evaluate the image placed in step 24 for use within this web page and edit the markup to improve the
image.

Image has similar background to logo so is consistent in style.

Background fits context of page/type of business.
Image is distorted, too narrow compared to Logo image/table cell so needs to be stretched
Good contrast between background and text so no change/Poor contrast between background and text
text needs to be a darker background colours needs changing
Font style/colour matches the logo/corporate house style
Loss of text and image quality due to resizing

5. Brief explanations of why you think this is the most appropriate stylesheet.

No table borders so the background Image can be seen.

The blue text gives better contrast with the background than the green.

6. Examine the stylesheet and evaluate in your own words the syntax and efficiency of the
stylesheet.
2x border-color are BGR not RGB 1 mark
colours missing # to show it is a hex value 1 mark
vertical-align value is incorrect and should be middle 1 mark
Efficient css as table and td defined together 1 mark
Border could be compressed for efficiency to border: 4px solid

7. In this stylesheet the style h1 is defined as Times, “Times New Roman”, serif. Using this
example, explain in your own words how the browser interprets these fonts and why one
value in the font-family definition has speech marks around it.

Browser searches (through available fonts) for the font Times (and if found it is displayed).
− If the font Times is not available, browser searches for “Times New Roman”
− If neither is available, browser uses its pre-defined/default generic serif font.
− Speech marks are around “Times New Roman” to define it as a single string/so it does not search for Times

8. Evaluate in your own words the restrictions you placed in cell B4. Suggest how these
restrictions could be improved. Improve these restrictions in your spreadsheet, based upon
this evaluation and your suggestion.

Evaluate:
− I have used data validation to restrict the data entry
− Data entry is restricted to only the items entered in source list/range of cells
− My validation rule only caters for lower case letters/should allow upper case letters
− My validation rule should not allow a blank cell in B4 as it could cause an error
Suggestion
− List source in validation rule should be extended to include D and W
− Remove tick box for ‘ignore blank’/ prevent B4 containing no data
Improvement
− Improvement print screen, showing D and W added to accepted validation
− ignore blank tick removed if error mentioned above

9. Evaluate in your own words the choice of fonts used for this web page.

Fonts match the style in company logo

Fonts may be part of corporate house style.
Font colour matches that in logo for style h1.
Fonts are script fonts so are more difficult to read.
Poor contrast between text & background

10. Evaluate in your own words your changes to this image.

Changed from PNG to JPG/GIF format

Changed to 8 bits/channel
To reduce storage space/file size
To reduce image transmission/upload/download time
8 bits per channel reduces transmission time by about ½.
Reduced image quality may not be suitable for web page
11. Replace the text <Enter your answers to question 7 here> with a numbered list in your own
words of three or more requirements for uploading and publishing the content of a website
using ftp.

FTP client software

All files in one folder
Host Name/URL/IP address for ftp
Host port to be used for upload
Username and password

12. A website is tested before it is uploaded to the internet. Hyperlinks will be tested as part of
the test strategy. List 4 questions in your own words that could be used within the test plan
to test these hyperlinks.

Is hyperlink from correct text/image?

Do hyperlinks to anchors within the page work?
Do hyperlinks to other pages in this site work?
Do hyperlinks to email open the editor/software?
Do hyperlinks to email have the correct address/subject line?
Do all external hyperlinks to existing URLs work?
Are planned URL’s owned/available for purchase?

13. Evaluate in your own words the change of background image.

First background gives clear contrast to text/second does not have clear contrast
Structure of webpage is clear with first background
Second background image is unsuitable as it shifts from light to dark and is tiled
Second background image relates to the context of the business as it includes an image of an elephant
In second background it does not look like a professional company site
Logo has poor contrast between background and colours of the logo

14. Replace each <Answer here> with a suitable method of reducing the dimensions of an image
for use in a web page.

html set width or height attribute

resize and save in graphics package

15. evaluation of why you would choose each method selected

higher resolution image uploaded

faster upload speed of image/page

16. Evaluation of the attached stylesheet

Blue colour theme matches the sea and background colour of images on page
Background colour could be closer to that in the images if hexadecimal code was changed
Font sized could be increased to improve readability
 Alignment of h2 could be made left or centre to improve readability
17. Open and examine all the supplied web pages. Evaluate the efficiency of the markup for
these pages and explain how improvements could be made.

Internal styles not efficient (for these pages)…

…duplication of effort to create and edit
Replace internal styles with an attached stylesheet…
…only have to edit the styles once

18. You need to test the website at this point. Explain in your evidence document what you
would test in this website before it is uploaded to the internet.

Test internal links between pages

Test internal anchor/hyperlink works
Test mailto opens an email client
Test mailto has correct recipient (hothouse-design@cie.org.uk)
Test mailto has correct Subject line (Web design enquiry)
Test alt text works for each image
Test link to GES opens in a new window

19. suitable methods of reducing the dimensions of an image for use in a web page.

Width and height attributes can be set within the web page
Image can be resized within a graphics package

20. an evaluation of each of these methods for use in the development of the Goa Elephant
Sanctuary’s website. Include in your evaluation which is the most appropriate method.

Resizing in web page takes longer to load as full image is downloaded.

This allows the same image to be used as a full image and a thumbnail.
If resized in a graphic package the file size is reduced.
Therefore faster to download the web page.
…which is essential given the information “Many of the people who will view the web
page have very slow internet connection”.
Resizing may change clarity of the image
Conclusion: the resizing in the graphics package is appropriate for this task.

21. the number of bits per channel in a JPEG image.

8

22. the most appropriate file format for still and moving images that the Goa Elephant Sanctuary
should use within its website.
GIF

23. The layout of a web page is created in the content layer.

The behaviour layer contains coding.
Hyperlinks are placed in the content layer.
 The presentation layer contains the colour definitions for a web page.

24. Describe how you would develop a test plan to test the hyperlinks, as part of a test strategy

Identify each element to be tested

For each test identify Expected output
Test plan contains Actual output
Test plan contains remedial action

25. Evaluate the webpage you have just created.

Bright colours within the page attract attention

Magenta mask on background image makes reading text difficult
Text under image/Alt text identifies the image
Colour schemes do not look like professional company site
Logo does not blend with background/has poor contrast between background and text
Image of beach front café is taken from too far away

26. Explain why the background image in JXSTYLES1.CSS does not work.

File not present/misnamed

Not in current directory/folder

27. The stylesheet should have set h1 and h2 to white and h3 to yellow. Explain why the text for
styles h1 and h2 is not white and h3 is not yellow.

No green element
In hexadecimal/colour code/definition

28. Describe what cell padding in html coding is.

Space between text and cell wall

Inside/in table/cell
Interchange cell wall and border

29. Describe what cell spacing in html coding is.

Space between
Walls of 2 adjacent cells
Interchange cell wall and border

30. The second and third bullet points should list the new hyperlinks to be added to the webpage
N9TAPE.HTM. State the types of hyperlinks required and the text that the hyperlinks will link
from. You identified these at Step 42.

Link to the new page

Link to open e-mail editor using mailto
 31. Explain in your Evidence Document why this image is unsuitable for inclusion on the Maldives
web page and what you could do to enable it to be used.

Image size is too large for efficient download

TIFF format cannot be used in all browsers
Image needs converting to Bitmap graphic
Save with lower image resolution
Image could be cropped
Image could be reduced in size

Analyse the stylesheet started by the trainee and evaluate its contents.

Syntax of style name and { } correct

3 from: 1 mark each point
Number of styles missing from the stylesheet
Style TH created but not required
Syntax incorrect = should be a colon
4px not 4pixels

32. Evaluate in your own words other changes that you could make to this image to make it more
suitable for use in the web page.

Colour depth can be changed«

From 16 bits/channel
To 8 bits per channel
Reduces storage space«
« and image transmission time«
«by saving in gif format
«by saving in jpg format
«save as jpeg with lower resolution

33. Replace the text <Enter your answers to question 7 here> with a bulleted list in your own words of
three or more items explaining the terms relative file path and absolute file path.

Relative path points to current folder

« so relative links uploaded to server will work
Absolute file path points to a location on a storage device
«so links uploaded to server unlikely to work (unless same structure)

Replace the text <Enter your answer to question 6 here> with a description in your own words of the
function of a hyperlink. Set this as style h2.

To navigate from one place/page to another

34. Evaluate in your own words your changes to this image.

File has been changed from PNG file settings of 16 bits/channel to a JPG/GIF file of 8 bits per channel. This
reduces storage space and image transmission time by about ½.
35. Replace the text <Enter your answer to question 6 here> with the meaning of ftp.
File Transfer Protocol

36. Replace the text <Enter your answers to question 7 here> with a numbered list in your own
words of three or more requirements for uploading and publishing the content of a website
using ftp.

FTP client software

All files in one folder
Host Name/URL/IP address for ftp
Host port to be used for upload
Username and password

The cascading stylesheets are part of the Presentation layer in website development.
(b) Hyperlinks are an action in a web page and they are part of the Content/Structure layer.
(c) The text and images of a web page are added to a web page in the Content/Structure layer.
(d) An action like ‘hover over’ or ‘on click’ would be found in the Behaviour/Scripting layer.

Paper 2
1. Describe what is meant by data verification:

Reducing/preventing errors when data is copied from one medium to another/checking accuracy
of data entered exactly matches original source

2. Name two methods of data verification and for one of these methods explain how it could be
used with this database

Double (data) entry

Visual (verification/check)
One from:
Double (data) entry – data entered twice (using two people) and the computer compares the
two entries
Visual (verification/check) – comparing data on screen with the original source

3. Many jobs are now being replaced by IT systems. Evaluate in your own words the effects of IT
on potential employment for these apprentices.

Fewer jobs available as taken over by robots/computer controlled warehouses/labour intensive work
Reduction in manual workers
Creation of new ICT jobs
Increase in jobs in writing software/programs
Increase in jobs relating to maintenance of robots and IT equipment
Increase in jobs relating to web designers/advertising
Increase in computer engineers/project managers/systems analysts
People need to be trained in new technology
Tend to work in a cleaner/safer working environment
People may not have full time/permanent jobs (part time jobs/compressed hours/job sharing)
Working from home/remote/workers do not need to be in a fixed location/near factory

4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using mail merge to generate personalised
letters to offer university places to 6,000 students.

Advantages
Only 1 letter has to be typed; saving time
Only the master letter / data source has to be proofread; therefore saving time.
Data source may already exist which saves time
Can select on any criteria which saves time creating it
New data sources can be added/used year on year
Faster than typing 6000 individual letters/sending 6000 individual emails
Disadvantage
If errors are in the master letter then 6000 incorrect letters are sent
If a fault is identified AFTER the mailmerge then all hard copy will be wasted; taking up time and money
Slower checking/typing 6000 individual personalised letters than just one
If there are errors in the data source then they may not be checked until after mail merge then the process
becomes more difficult
Higher level of staff skill/specialised training required

5. describe how Tawara Cruises can use social networking as a means of communication to
promote their business:

release news/status updates about new cruises/destinations/products

post images/videos of cabins/ships
allow customers to ask questions about prices/durations
request customer feedback to improve service/polls
instant messaging last minute changes to itinerary
6. Tawara Cruises now want to distribute the newsletter and plan to send a printed copy of this
by post. Evaluate this method of distributing information:

ADVANTAGES
not everyone has a computer/internet, so may not see the newsletter if sent electronically
can be read anywhere/not limited to where computer is
can ensure sent to all customers listed
can target people in an area
DISADVANTAGES
costs of ink/paper/printing
cost of postage
time delay (dated)
difficult to update content
not interactive
no animation/sound/video
environmental impact of printed copies

7. describe two advantages of using relational tables rather than a flat file database:

data only stored once/data does not have to be typed in twice – reduces/avoids data
redundancy/duplication
quicker to enter/update/edit data
fewer errors are likely
reduces storage requirements
8. Evaluate in your own words the differences between a blog and a forum. Recommend what
you consider to be the most appropriate option for use by the university and explain your
reasons.

Blog – one person/organisation diseminating information, postings can be longer/more detailed

Blog is a personal internet journal/diary - writer will type in obsevations on some topic
Blog creator drives content, one person’s thoughts, one author posts thought on a subject, blog posts
typically longer, readers can comment on content, blog unmoderated
Forum: - a group sharing thoughts, discussions, comments are brief, user generated content, broader
collection of thoughts, conversation between members of a group, several different thoughts on a
subject, comments could be moderated to ensure content is appropriate for the university.

9. Why Internet information may not be reliable

Anybody can set up a website

Internet is not regulated
Commercial sites may be biased
Wikis can be edited by non-experts

10. How to evaluate website content

Check the website domain - .ac, .gov, .org, .edu suffixes are usually reliable.
Compare information from different sources/sites
Check for bias/advertising/purpose of site
See if responsible bodies have endorsed the site
If site has testimonials it is likely to be reliable
Check date – if out of date is unlikely to be reliable
Check author’s credentials
Check functionality of website.

11. Data in the Gender field is encoded displaying M for Male and F for Female. In your own
words give two reasons for encoding data.

File size smaller/saves memory/storage space

 Data entry faster
Reduces data entry errors
To make data less understandable/unreadable if data is intercepted
More efficient normalisation

12. The telephone number of each student will be added in a new field. Identify the most
appropriate data type for this field and in your own words give a reason for your choice.

Alphanumeric/Text
May contain additional character(s) such as oblique/dash/space/brackets/plus symbol
Retains leading zeros
Field would not be used for any calculations

13. A form has been created to enter data into the students table. Evaluate in your own words
the Gender and Payment_Type fields on this form.

Gender
Remove additional radio button
Missing label e.g. prefer not to answer
Labels in full/displays all options
Change of control type e.g. drop down list
Easy method of data entry
Payment_Type
Dimensions of control too long for data/position of field
No drop down list/selection process
Label font size/type
More appropriate label

14. Identify three methods of preventing viruses

running/using/executing (up-to-date) anti-virus software…

…keep antivirus virus definition files up-to-date
scanning downloaded files
do not allow others to use their portable media on your computer
don’t run executables/files from unknown sources
do not open email attachments from unknown sources/spam

15. Evaluate the suitability of this checklist for use with its intended audience. Identify any
improvements which could be made and give reasons.

Personalised to individual
Emboldening, shading, bullets to make easier to read, headings emphasised
Tick boxes/electronic version could automatically link to diaries
Consistent font style, size and alignment
Spelling errors – information, work, break in first paragraph
 16. Explain why you have chosen this type of graph or chart. Compare it with at least one other
chart type.

Comparative bar chart most suitable as 3 data series to compare

− Visually easy to compare differences
− Line graph not suitable as not continuously variable data
− Pie chart not suitable as shows data as a percentage of a whole, can’t compare as on one data series
− Stacked bar chart – cumulative data, not comparative, not direct comparison

17. Evaluate the design of your data entry form.

− Consistent layout or formatting

− Appropriate use of title
− Lack of instructions on filling in form
− No navigation buttons
− Should contain descriptive labels, not just field names
− Inappropriate space for data added
− Unsuitable field lengths for this data
− Appropriate spacing between fields/appropriate use of white space
− Form fills available space/window
− Font size/legibility/colour schemes

18. Give one example of a strong password.

caseKr0yw3^

19. Identify three features which make this a strong password.

mixed upper and lower case

− at least 1 number
− at least 1 symbol
− at least 8 characters long
− random characters
− not family names, dobs etc.

20. What is meant by phishing?

Unsolicited email to collect personal data

21. How to identify a phishing attack

Errors in text/act of asking for personal details/originators email address does not match company/generic
addressee/unknown source

22. How to protect yourself against a phishing attack

Spam filters/own alertness/do not click links or open attachments from unknown sources/never divulge
personal details via email

23. Give at least one advantage for using this mail merged letter

- eg letter could be reused with different recipients/future years

- The operative does not need details of recipients

24. Give at least one disadvantage of using mail merge for these letters

- it may take longer to set up mail merge than type to individuals

25. What does the file extension .csv stand for?

Comma separated value

26. Outline two characteristics of a csv file.

saves in text format

allows for the saving data in an organised way
software independent
uses a character (e.g. comma) to separate/delineate each piece of data
uses hard return to separate data

27. Explain one example when a csv file would be used.

import/export/transfer data between applications/platforms with an example

28. Recommend two changes that could be made to improve the efficiency and ease of use of
your database. Justify your choices.

Two changes e.g. – use data validation, encoding of data, shorter field names (genre table), boolean field for
Binding, appropriate use of drop down fields/radio buttons, additional relational tables (Publisher
groups/Author fields), form improvements e.g. navigation buttons
Two appropriate reasons e.g. – helps to reduce data entry errors, reduces storage capacity/memory required,
reduces processing time, to improve speed of data entry, to minimize or eliminate duplication of data/data
redundancy

29. Tawara Cruises is planning to publish the annual report data on its company wiki. Evaluate
the suitability of a wiki to share this type of data.

Disadvantages:
Anyone can edit, delete or modify the content
Could make data unreliable
Accessibility – computer/internet needed
Advantages
Allows the company report to be seen by many people
Saves distribution/printing/time costs
Eco-friendly
Recommendations
Should be presented in a non-editable format
Include a link to the published report on the company website

30. Explain why styles are used.

consistent format/layout
to give a corporate image/brand recognition
saves time editing/formatting (if a paragraph style is altered)

31. State the purpose of spell check software and identify two limitations of its use.

Purpose: to identify potential data entry errors to assist user to reduce errors
2 Limitations:
− only checks against words in its dictionary/may not recognise technical names/abbreviations or words in
another language/may not recognise proper nouns/names
spell checking does not ensure that correct spelling is used for context/does not eliminate the need for
proofreading
− could introduce new errors
− cannot check text in imported images

32. The Customers table contains a primary key. Explain why the Last_Name field would not be
appropriate as a primary key.

data not unique/people may have the same last name

33. When adding data to a field in the Customers table, it would be easier for a user to select
data from a list. Identify another advantage of selecting data from a list:

Speeds up data entry/reduces data entry errors

34. Identify two fields that would be most suitable for setting up as a list selection

Pay_Type
Memb_Type
Title

35. Define the term data validation.

Checks if data is reasonable/sensible Check to see if it satisfies certain criteria when input into a computer 1
mark

36. Name the most appropriate type of validation that would be used in the Score field.

Range check

37. Identify the most appropriate validation criteria that would be used in the Score field.

Between 0 and 60 │=0 and <=60 │ >-1 and <61

38. Name another type of validation to check data entry

Examples – lookup check, type/character check, limit check, format/picture check, presence check,
consistency/cross field check, check digit, length check, existence check

39. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to the applicants of using an online form for this
task.
Advantages:
Less potential errors as the user is only entering their own data whereas university staff will be bulk entering
data
Easier to correct errors on an online form than a paper form
No need to remember to take the form to the interview as the data is entered by the applicant online
Easier for disabled people to use/accessibility tools can be used
Disadvantages
Not all applicants can complete an online form because they do not have a computer device/software
Not all applicants can complete an online form because they do not have the IT Skills
Not all applicants can access an online form because they do not have internet connectivity
Increased risk of data loss as the data can be transmitted electronically
Increased risk of unauthorised access to personal data as data transmitted electronically
Possible data protection issues as the data is stored in digital form

40. Discuss in your own words the advantages and disadvantages of using a relational database
rather than a flat-file database to store the data from these three files.

Advantages of relational
- Data that would be repeated in a flat file database would only be entered/edited/deleted once
- Simpler to create reports with data from all three tables because data are linked
- Data stored once so cuts down inconsistency of repeated data entry
- Less storage space required for data files
Disadvantages of relational
- Harder/complex to set up a relational database
- More technical expertise to set up
 41. Complete the table in your Evidence Document with the words Yes or No to identify which of
the examples would limit the data entry and which would not. If the example does not limit
the data entry explain why.

Would this work? Answer If no, explain why?

Example A No Formatting rather than validation, should have been required
field
Example B Yes
Example C No Not limited to list
Example D No An auto filter on existing data, not validation of new data

42. list the features you have applied to the form to make it user-friendly
e.g. a meaningful title
- Appropriate field width spacing
- Clear text for field descriptions
- Drop down list
- User notes
- Navigation buttons

43. in your own words, enter four rules for using the internet safely

Only give personal details / account details to secure websites

Install up to date anti-spyware/antivirus software
Switch on firewall
Always keep gaming friends “in game”
Do not disclose your location
Turn off webcam after use / cover camera
Never accept (social media) contact requests from people you do not know
Only post content or photos you would not mind showing to your family
Limit numbers of friends
Set privacy to friends only
Use an alias/nickname rather than real name
Don’t meet people you have only spoken to online
Make sure websites being visited for transactions can be trusted (https or the padlock sign when using
search engines)
Only use websites recommended by teachers
Never reply to spam emails
Don’t open