Faculty of

Computing, Engineering and the

Built Environment

Undergraduate Programme
2015-16 Academic Year

Module: ENG5052 Numerical Analysis

School: Engineering and the Built Environment
Module Co-ordinator: M J B Smith
Date: Friday 22nd January 2016
Start Time: 9:30
Reading Time: 5 minutes
Time Allowed: 2 hours

Instructions to Candidates:
There are SIX questions on this paper

Attempt any FOUR questions

All questions carry equal marks

Marks breakdown is shown in brackets

Note that marks are allocated for method, in addition to the final answer. Therefore
method and full calculations should be shown in your solutions to analytical
questions

This is a closed book examination. No unauthorised material may be accessed or

used in any way.
Calculators may be used provided they are in accordance with Faculty guidelines

The following are provided:

1. Formulae sheets including Normal distribution tables and Laplace transform
tables (4 pages)
1. a) Solve the following system using eigenvalues and eigenvectors

x 1 = 6x1 + 3x2

x 2 = 2x1 + 5x2 [10 marks]

b) Find the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors for the matrix A

 4 0 1
A =  2 1 0
 2 0 1
[15 marks]

2. a) Find the eigenvectors for matrix A given that the eigenvalues are 1,2 and 4

5  6 1
A = 1 1 0
3 0 1
[6 marks]

b) Hence solve the following system, stating the solution for x1, x2 and x3

x 1 = 5x1 – 6x2 + x3
x 2 = x1 + x2
x 3 = 3x1 + x3
[8 marks]

 1 2
c) Using An = MSn M1 find A4 if A =  
 1 4 
[11 marks]

dy
3. a) Solve = x 2 + 3y using the Euler method
dx
Find y1 y2 y3 , y4 and y5 given that x0 = 0, y0 = 1 and h = 0.1
[10 marks]

dy
b) Solve = x 2  2x + y using the modified Euler method
dx
Find y1 y2 and y3 given that x0 = 0, y0 = 0.5 and h = 0.1
[15 marks]
4. A water tank is modelled by a cylinder of height h and radius r.
Each end is concave and hemispherical in shape.
The total volume of the whole tank is 0.25 m3.

a) Show that the total surface area of the tank (including the base), s m 2
is given in terms of r by
1 20 2
s  πr
2r 3
[15 marks]

b) Find the value of r for which the surface area of the tank is a minimum
and the corresponding value of s. Give your answers to 2 significant figures

2r

[10 marks]

5. a) Define the function in figureQ5a and determine its fourier series given that
an= 0 for all n

f(x)

2
x

–π π 2π 3π
figureQ5a
[9 marks]
 b) Define the function in figureQ5b and determine its Fourier series

f(x)

2π

–3π –π π 3π 5π x

–π
figureQ5b
[16 marks]

6. a) Use tables to find the z transforms of the following

i) 2 k

ii) (4) k

iii) 3  (5) k [3 marks]

b) Use tables to find the inverse z transforms of the following

z
i)
z3

2z
ii)
z5

z
iii) [4 marks]
2z  1

c) Solve the following difference equations using Z transforms

i) yk + 1  2yk = 3k given that y0 = 3

ii) yk + 2  2yk + 1 + yk = 0 given that y0 = 1 and y1 = 3 [18 marks]

End of question paper

ENG5052 Numerical Analysis Formulae Sheets (4 pages)

Euler
y r 1  y r  hf(x r , y r ) x r 1  x r  h

Modified Euler

y *r + 1 = yr + h[f(xr , yr )]
h
yr + 1 = yr + [f(xr , yr ) + f(xr + 1 , y*r + 1)] and x r 1  x r  h
2

Fourier Analysis
1
f(x) = 2a0 + ∑n
1 (an cos(nx) + bn sin⁡(nx))

T T T
2 2 2 2 2 2
T T T T T T
a0 = f(x)dx an = f(x)cos(n ω x)dx and bn = f(x)sin(n ω x)dx
2 2 2
2π
Where T is the period and ω =
T

When the period is 2π these simplify to;

  
1 1 1
π 
a0 =  f(x)dx
π 
an = f(x)cos(n x)dx and bn = f(x)sin(n x)dx
π 

Odd and even functions

A graph of an odd function is symmetric about the origin, it has the property that
f(x) = f(x) for all x, i.e. like sin(x)

If a function that is defined over the period  < x   is ODD then it will contain only SINE
terms i.e. an will be zero for all n.

An even function is symmetric about the y axis, it has the property that f(x) = f(x) for all x,
i.e. the function cos(x)

If a function that is defined over the period  < x   is EVEN then it will contain only
COSINE terms ie bn will be zero for all n.
Differential Calculus
dy
y or f(x) or f (x)
dx

Product Rule
ax n anx n 1 When y  uv and u and v are
sin ax acos ax functions of x
cos ax  asin ax dy du dv
v u
tan ax asec 2 ax dx dx dx
ea x ae a x Quotient Rule
1 u
lnx When y  and u and v are
x v
f (x) functions of x
ln[f(x)]
f(x) du dv
v u
dy
 dx 2 dx
dx v
Chain Rule (Function of a function)
dy dy du
 
dx du dx Partial Fractions

Integral Calculus Type 1 Linear factor in the denominator

f(s) A B
y or f(x)  ydx or  f(x)dx  
(s  a)(s  b) (s  a) (s  b)

ax n 1 Type 2 Repeated factor in the denominator

ax n
C
n 1
f(s) A B C
sin ax
1
 cosax  C   
(s  a) (s  b) (s  a)
2 2
(s  a) (s  b)
a
1
cosax sin ax  C Type 3 Quadratic factor in the denominator
a
sec 2ax
1
tanax  C f(s) As  B C
 2 
a (s  a)(s  b) (s  a) (s  b)
2

1 ax Type 4 Quadratic factor in the numerator

ea x e C
a
1 s2 As Bs
lnx  C  
(s  a)(s  b) (s  a) (s  b)
x
f (x)
ln[f(x)]
f(x)

dv du
Integration By Parts  u dx  uv   v dxdx
The z transforms of some common functions

f[k] F(z)

z
1
z 1

z
k
(z  1) 2

z
e a k
z  e a

z
ak
za

az
ka k
(z  a) 2

az(z  a)
k 2a k
(z  a) 3

yk Y(z)

yk + 1 = zY(z)  zy0

yk + 2 = z2Y(z)  z2 y0  zy1

zsina
sinak
z  2zcosa  1
2

z(z  cosa)
cosak
z  2zcosa  1
2

ze  a sinb
e a k sinbk
z 2  2ze a cosb  e 2a

z 2  ze  a cosb
e a k cosbk
z 2  2ze a cosb  e 2a

Surface areas and volumes

Cylinder SA = 2πr 2 (ends) + 2πrh (side) Vol = πr 2h

Sphere SA = 4πr 2 4
Vol = πr 3
3
Matrices

Inverse of 2 x 2 matrix
a b  1 1  d  b
A   A 
c d  ad  bc  c a 

Matrix Multiplication
a b  e f  ae  bg af  bh 
c d   g h   ce  dg cf  dh 
    

Determinant of a 3 x 3 matrix
a b c
B  d e f   B  a
e f d f d e
b c
h i g i g h
g h i 

Differential Equations

First Order - Homogeneous

x  B x B is an n x n matrix with n linearly independent eigenvectors.

n
Solution x   Ci a i e i t
i 1
where n is the number of variables
Ci is a constant
ai is an eigenvector corresponding to  i eigenvalue

Second Order - Homogeneous

xBx
 B is an n x n matrix with n linearly independent eigenvectors.

 
n
Solution x   a i Cie i t
 Die i t

i 1
where n is the number of variables
Ci is a constant
Di is a constant
ai is an eigenvector corresponding to  i eigenvalue
(a)  i is real and positive for all i

 
n
x   a i Cie  i t
 Die  i t

i 1
(b)  i = 0 replace the ith term in (a) by ai (Ci + Di t)
(c)  i is real and negative replace the ith term in (a) by
a i (Ci cos   i t  Disin   i t)
Power of a Matrix

An = M Sn M 1 where M is the modal matrix (eigenvectors) and S is the spectral

matrix (eigenvalues).